EP1380730A1 - Silencer - Google Patents

Silencer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1380730A1
EP1380730A1 EP03015086A EP03015086A EP1380730A1 EP 1380730 A1 EP1380730 A1 EP 1380730A1 EP 03015086 A EP03015086 A EP 03015086A EP 03015086 A EP03015086 A EP 03015086A EP 1380730 A1 EP1380730 A1 EP 1380730A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
housing
silencer according
silencer
guide elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03015086A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1380730B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Weinhold
Peter Wintrich
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3w-Modellmotoren Weinhold & Wintrich GmbH
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3w-Modellmotoren Weinhold & Wintrich GmbH
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Publication of EP1380730A1 publication Critical patent/EP1380730A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/086—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling having means to impart whirling motion to the gases
    • F01N1/088—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling having means to impart whirling motion to the gases using vanes arranged on gas flow path or gas flow tubes with tangentially directed apertures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/084—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases flowing through the silencer two or more times longitudinally in opposite directions, e.g. using parallel or concentric tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a silencer, in particular for Internal combustion engines is designed with one of a gaseous Medium flowed through, at least one housing chamber Housing in which serves to swirl the gaseous medium Deflection elements along a housing axis one behind the other and in Distance from each other are arranged stationary.
  • Such silencers are for example from DE 848 877 and from known from DE 197 56 468 C1.
  • In the former case are as Deflection serving locking plates provided and such in the Housing used that they without metallic contact with the Form the labyrinthine flow paths for the gases.
  • sound-absorbing material is provided and dresses in shape a lining padding the inner wall of the housing.
  • fan-like disks are in the Housing fixedly arranged to swirl the gaseous Effect medium. Between two successive ones Panels are disc-like insulation segments from one Sound insulation material installed and have free through openings on.
  • silencers are known in which by means of complex Arrangement of tubes and / or perforated partitions and / or Damping wool and possibly additional Aftermuffler the exhaust gas flow - in the case of Internal combustion engines - broken and therefore the noise of the exiting exhaust gas is reduced.
  • damping systems can with regard to the damping effect and / or the effort and / or the adaptability to the respective individual case is not fully Satisfy scope.
  • the invention is based on the object To create a silencer that is particularly simple and on the one hand consists of simply designed elements and on the other hand is particularly effective and flexible, so that it is also easy on different operating conditions can be adapted.
  • the invention provides with the features of characterizing part of claim 1 before that as Deflection element in each case a disc-shaped, having slots Body is provided and over the cross section of the Housing chamber extends and that the slots delimiting, Guide vane-like guide elements from adjacent, disk-shaped Bodies the flow differently to the main axis of the housing redirect.
  • Such a silencer comes without the use of Soundproofing material. There are no lining pads on the Inner walls of the housing still insulation Sound insulation material required between the deflection elements. Already deflecting the flow with the help of the guide vane-like Guiding elements causes sound insulation, whereby Cancel each other out. This is achieved above all due to different angles of attack, especially if the Guide elements of adjacent, disc-shaped bodies are preferably angled opposite each other.
  • deflections and deflections take place as well also turbulence in the gas flow in the present case such that good sound absorption results.
  • the silencer is especially useful when using circular, disc-shaped bodies in an axial arrangement simply and compactly built one after the other.
  • the sound damping effect can also be easily to the adapt to the respective requirements, including the number of slots Deflection elements and / or the number of guide vane-like Guide elements per deflecting element and / or the shape and shape of the Guide elements and / or the angle of attack of the guide elements and / or the Angle of attack between adjacent deflection elements are changeable. This enables a special one in a simple manner Adaptation to each individual case or to different ones Engines.
  • a silencer 1 comprises a housing 2, with at least one Housing part or a housing chamber.
  • the housing 2 is one serving as a housing chamber, pot-shaped head piece 3 with a front end wall 4 and also as a housing chamber serving, cup-shaped housing part 5 is formed.
  • the housing 2 has also a cylindrical peripheral wall 6 and one at one end End wall 7 on.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 Embodiments shown a mounting edge 8 with a slightly larger diameter and with in the circumferential direction distributed mounting holes 9.
  • the housing part 5 is with its open end under the mounting edge 8 of the head piece 3 to System inserted. In the installation position, the head piece 3 and that Housing part 5 firmly connected. There are fasteners for this 10 provided which extend through the mounting holes 9. Screws or rivets come in as fastening means 10 Consideration.
  • a support tube 11 with a circular Cross section along a housing axis.
  • the support tube 11 projects with its one end through the end wall 4 to the outside and forms one there Inlet port while its other, also open end is spaced before the end wall 7 (Fig. 1) ends inside the housing 2.
  • the gaseous medium / exhaust gas flows through the Carrier tube 11 in the housing 2 and passes through a Outlet connector / outlet connector 12 from the housing 2.
  • This Outflow connection 12 can be arranged in a radial arrangement on the head piece 3 attached and open to the outside and the inside of the housing 2 his.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 and 5 As soundproofing or swirling elements are according to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and 5 four impeller-like deflection elements 13, 14, 15 and 16, respectively intended. You can use a bushing or ring-shaped hub part 17 on the support tube 11 to be put off. They are non-rotatable or stationary on the Support tube 11 arranged, this by a shape or frictional connection between the hub parts 17 and the Support tube 11 or achieved by a separate locking can be.
  • Each impeller-like deflection element 13 to 16 forms one Muffler level and has several wing respectively guide vane-like guide elements 18.
  • the exemplary embodiments shown are the deflection elements 13 to 16 ' in each case disk-shaped and slotted bodies 17 'each with approx. 20 Guide vane-like guide elements 18.
  • the Deflection elements 13 and, respectively, the disc-shaped, slotted body 17 'with their guide vane-like guide elements each in one piece. In the housing 2 they extend to the cylindrical peripheral wall 6.
  • each deflection element 13 to 16 are below a uniform angle of attack ⁇ of, for example, 15 ° (preferably between ° and °) compared to the corresponding Radial planes 19 inclined or angled.
  • the angles of attack ⁇ are expediently more adjacent Deflection elements made positive or negative, as shown in FIG. 2 evident. Originally essentially axially directed Flow is therefore deflected accordingly.
  • the disk-shaped bodies 17 ' are flat Sheet metal rings and as a disc blank get narrow as well as radial and slots 18 'extending in a straight line from the outside inwards.
  • the Guide elements 18 are because of the slots 18 'and because of Annular shape of the disk-shaped body 17 'each in the shape of an annular sector. Because of the positive and / or negative angle of attack of the guide elements are slot-shaped through openings in each deflecting element with the result that the gaseous medium regardless of the respective distractions in the longitudinal direction of the Housing 2 can flow through the deflection elements 13 to 16.
  • the representations in the figures show that the housing 2 of the Muffler 1 not completely having guide elements 18 Deflection elements corresponding to elements 13 to 16 are occupied got to. Although the deflection elements 13 to 16, 16 'for swirling the Flow medium along the main axis of the housing 19 'one behind the other and are arranged in a fixed distance from each other, that Housing 2 preferably a completely blank Housing chamber part 2 '.
  • the housing chamber part 2 ' serves as Calming section.
  • 1 and 2 is a comparatively short support tube 11 (for four Deflection elements) 13 to 16 in connection with a comparative long housing part 5 is provided, which is two or even three times the number could take up of deflection elements. Therefore it can be used Utilization of the resulting from the compact design Possibilities in connection with the variation of the number of Deflection elements make sense for the head piece 3 different Provide housing parts 2 and support tubes 11 with a stepped length, the then depending on the respective application be assembled.
  • the function of the support tube which also serves as an inlet connector 11 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is omitted in the 5, because there is a centrally arranged Carrier or a support element 24 for carrying only and / or connecting those consisting of deflection elements 13 to 16 Muffler levels 25.
  • FIGS. 1 and 5 four or five silencer stages 25 are provided. Corresponding the respective conditions can also more or less Muffler stages 25 along the central support tube 11 / support element 24 may be arranged.
  • the silencer according to the invention also a very low flow resistance compared to conventional mufflers.
  • the deflection elements can consist of metal and solid or permeable guide elements, for example in the form of a have fine mesh expanded metal. Furthermore come as materials plastics or composite materials are also considered.
  • the deflection elements 13 to 16 also prevent one Backlog in the silencer 1, which is in the case of a Combustion engine has a thermally favorable effect.
  • variable arrangement and the variable number of Deflection elements in connection with variable angles of attack by far Scope of positive and negative angle sizes can also be filter out certain frequencies or wanted vibrations produce.
  • the silencer is comparatively simple and compact.
  • the distance from the main axis of the housing 19 ' arranged ends of the guide elements 18 are angled more than their ends close to the main housing axis 19 ' or that the guide elements 18 at least partially in themselves can be twisted.
  • the impeller-like have Deflection elements of the exemplary embodiments are preferred production-related in the foot area of the guide vane-like guide elements 18 opposite, short, circumferential slots 18 " on.
  • each guide element 18 is only over a narrow, in the web not shown connected to the hub part 17. Reached is thereby that, if necessary, each wing-like guide element 18 despite given the angle of attack ⁇ a completely flat, flat shape can be.
  • the guide elements 18 after Slits are also punctiform in the circumferential direction in the foot area on the hub part 17 or on the support tube 11 / on the support element 24 be soldered on.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

The silencer has diverting elements (13, 14, 15, 16) in the form of disk-shaped elements (17) with slots in them. They extend over the clear cross section of the casing (2). Guide elements (18) of the adjacent diverting element bounding the slot divert the flow in different ways relative to the casing axis (19').

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schalldämpfer, der insbesondere auch für Verbrennungsmotoren bestimmt ist, mit einem von einem gasförmigen Medium durchströmten, mindestens eine Gehäusekammer aufweisenden Gehäuse, in dem zur Verwirbelung des gasförmigen Mediums dienende Umlenkelemente längs einer Gehäuseachse hintereinander sowie im Abstand voneinander ortsfest angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a silencer, in particular for Internal combustion engines is designed with one of a gaseous Medium flowed through, at least one housing chamber Housing in which serves to swirl the gaseous medium Deflection elements along a housing axis one behind the other and in Distance from each other are arranged stationary.

Derartige Schalldämpfer sind zum Beispiel aus der DE 848 877 und aus der DE 197 56 468 C1 bekannt. In dem zuerst genannten Fall sind als Umlenkelemente dienende Sperrplatten vorgesehen und derart in das Gehäuse eingesetzt, daß sie ohne metallische Berührung mit der Gehäusewandung labyrinthartige Strömungswege für die Gase bilden. Ferner ist schalldämpfendes Material vorgesehen und kleidet in Form eines Futterpolsters die Innenwandung des Gehäuses aus. Such silencers are for example from DE 848 877 and from known from DE 197 56 468 C1. In the former case are as Deflection serving locking plates provided and such in the Housing used that they without metallic contact with the Form the labyrinthine flow paths for the gases. Furthermore, sound-absorbing material is provided and dresses in shape a lining padding the inner wall of the housing.

Im Falle der DE 197 56 468 sind lüferradähnliche Scheiben in dem Gehäuse ortsfest angeordnet, um eine Verwirbelung des gasförmigen Mediums zu bewirken. Jeweils zwischen zwei aufeinander folgenden Scheiben sind scheibenartige Dämmsegmente aus einem Schalldämmwerkstoff eingebaut und weisen freie Durchtrittsöffnungen auf.In the case of DE 197 56 468, fan-like disks are in the Housing fixedly arranged to swirl the gaseous Effect medium. Between two successive ones Panels are disc-like insulation segments from one Sound insulation material installed and have free through openings on.

Ferner sind Schalldämpfer bekannt, bei denen mittels aufwändiger Anordnung von Röhren und/oder gelochten Zwischenwänden und/oder Dämpfungswolle sowie gegebenfalls mittels zusätzlicher Nachschalldämpfer die Abgasströmung - im Falle von Verbrennungsmotoren - gebrochen und dadurch die Schallentwicklung des austretenden Abgases gemindert wird. Diese Dämpfungssysteme können hinsichtlich der Dämpfungswirkung und/oder des Aufwands und/oder der Anpaßbarkeit an den jeweiligen Einzelfall nicht in vollem Umfang zufriedenstellen.Furthermore, silencers are known in which by means of complex Arrangement of tubes and / or perforated partitions and / or Damping wool and possibly additional Aftermuffler the exhaust gas flow - in the case of Internal combustion engines - broken and therefore the noise of the exiting exhaust gas is reduced. These damping systems can with regard to the damping effect and / or the effort and / or the adaptability to the respective individual case is not fully Satisfy scope.

Dementsprechend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Schalldämpfer zu schaffen, der besonders einfach aufgebaut ist und einerseits aus einfach gestalteten Elementen besteht und andererseits besonders wirkungsvoll und flexibel ist, so daß er auch leicht an unterschiedliche Betriebsbedingungen angepaßt werden kann.Accordingly, the invention is based on the object To create a silencer that is particularly simple and on the one hand consists of simply designed elements and on the other hand is particularly effective and flexible, so that it is also easy on different operating conditions can be adapted.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung mit den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teiles von Patentanspruch 1 vor, daß als Umlenkelement jeweils ein scheibenförmiger, Schlitze aufweisender Körper vorgesehen ist und sich über den Querschnitt der Gehäusekammer erstreckt und daß die Schlitze begrenzende, leitschaufelartige Leitelemente von benachbarten, scheibenförmigen Körpern die Strömung unterschiedlich zur Gehäusehauptachse umlenken.To achieve this object, the invention provides with the features of characterizing part of claim 1 before that as Deflection element in each case a disc-shaped, having slots Body is provided and over the cross section of the Housing chamber extends and that the slots delimiting, Guide vane-like guide elements from adjacent, disk-shaped Bodies the flow differently to the main axis of the housing redirect.

Ein derartiger Schalldämpfer kommt ohne die Verwendung von Schalldämmwerkstoff aus. Es sind weder Futterpolster an den Innenwänden der Gehäuse noch Dämmelemente aus Schalldämmwerkstoff zwischen den Umlenkelementen erforderlich. Bereits die Umlenkung der Strömung mit Hilfe der leitschaufelartigen Leitelemente bewirkt eine Schalldämmung, wobei sich Schallschwingungen gegenseitig aufheben. Erreicht wird dies vor allem durch unterschiedliche Anstellwinkel, und zwar insbesondere, wenn die Leitelemente von benachbarten, scheibenförmigen Körpern vorzugsweise jeweils entgegengesetzt zueinander angewinkelt sind. Such a silencer comes without the use of Soundproofing material. There are no lining pads on the Inner walls of the housing still insulation Sound insulation material required between the deflection elements. Already deflecting the flow with the help of the guide vane-like Guiding elements causes sound insulation, whereby Cancel each other out. This is achieved above all due to different angles of attack, especially if the Guide elements of adjacent, disc-shaped bodies are preferably angled opposite each other.

Erfindungsgemäß erfolgen somit Ablenkungen und Umlenkungen sowie auch Verwirbelungen des Gasstromes im vorliegenden Fall derart, daß sich eine gute Schalldämpfung ergibt.According to the invention, deflections and deflections take place as well also turbulence in the gas flow in the present case such that good sound absorption results.

Zugleich ist der Schalldämpfer vor allem bei Verwendung von kreisringförmigen, scheibenförmigen Körpern in achsialer Anordnung hintereinander einfach und kompakt aufgebaut.At the same time, the silencer is especially useful when using circular, disc-shaped bodies in an axial arrangement simply and compactly built one after the other.

Die Schalldämpfungswirkung läßt sich ferner problemlos an die jeweiligen Erfordernisse anpassen, wozu die Zahl der geschlitzten Umlenkelemente und/oder die Anzahl der leitschaufelartigen Leitelemente pro Umlenkelement und/oder die Form und Gestalt der Leitelemente und/oder die Anstellwinkel der Leitelemente und/oder die Anstellwinkelorientierung zwischen benachbarten Umlenkelementen veränderbar sind. Dies ermöglicht auf einfache Weise eine spezielle Anpassung an jeden Einzelfall beziehungsweise an unterschiedliche Motoren.The sound damping effect can also be easily to the adapt to the respective requirements, including the number of slots Deflection elements and / or the number of guide vane-like Guide elements per deflecting element and / or the shape and shape of the Guide elements and / or the angle of attack of the guide elements and / or the Angle of attack between adjacent deflection elements are changeable. This enables a special one in a simple manner Adaptation to each individual case or to different ones Engines.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen, die in der Zeichnung dargestellt sind, näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen jeweils schematisch:

Fig. 1:
einen Schalldämpfer im Schnitt;
Fig. 2:
eine andere Ansicht des Schalldämpfers gemäß Fig. 1 mit teilweise weggebrochenem Gehäuse und in vereinfachter Darstellung;
Fig. 3:
eine perspektivische Darstellung in größerem Maßstab eines abgewandelten Schalldämpfers mit gestrichelt angedeutetem Gehäuse und mit fünf explosionsartig auseinandergezogen dargestellten, scheibenförmigen und Leitelemente aufweisenden Umlenkelementen;
Fig. 4:
in nochmals größerem Maßstab eine der Fig. 3 entsprechende Darstellung mit sich in der Betriebsstellung befindenden Umlenkelementen mit fünf Stufen beziehungsweise Umlenkelementen und mit zum Teil unterschiedlichem, achsialem Abstand zueinander und
Fig. 5:
zum Teil geschnitten einen gegenüber Fig. 1 geringfügig abgewandelten Schalldämpfer mit einer alternativen Durchflußrichtung.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawing. Each shows schematically:
Fig. 1:
a silencer in section;
Fig. 2:
another view of the muffler of Figure 1 with the housing partially broken away and in a simplified representation.
Fig. 3:
a perspective view on a larger scale of a modified muffler with dashed housing and with five exploded, discoidal and guide elements having deflection elements;
Fig. 4:
on an even larger scale a representation corresponding to FIG. 3 with deflecting elements in the operating position with five steps or deflecting elements and with a different axial spacing from one another and
Fig. 5:
partially cut a slightly modified compared to Fig. 1 silencer with an alternative flow direction.

Ein Schalldämpfer 1 umfaßt ein Gehäuse 2, mit mindestens einem Gehäuseteil bzw. einer Gehäusekammer. Das Gehäuse 2 wird von einem als Gehäusekammer dienenden, topförmigen Kopfstück 3 mit einer vorderen Stirnwand 4 und von einem ebenfalls als Gehäusekammer dienenden, becherförmigen Gehäuseteil 5 gebildet. Das Gehäuse 2 weist ferner eine zylindrische Umfangswand 6 und an seinem einen Ende eine Stirnwand 7 auf.A silencer 1 comprises a housing 2, with at least one Housing part or a housing chamber. The housing 2 is one serving as a housing chamber, pot-shaped head piece 3 with a front end wall 4 and also as a housing chamber serving, cup-shaped housing part 5 is formed. The housing 2 has also a cylindrical peripheral wall 6 and one at one end End wall 7 on.

Am Kopfstück 3 befindet sich gemäß den in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen ein Befestigungsrand 8 mit einem geringfügig größeren Durchmesser und mit in Umfangsrichtung verteilten Befestigungsbohrungen 9. Das Gehäuseteil 5 ist mit seinem offenen Ende unter den Befestigungsrand 8 des Kopfstücks 3 bis zur Anlage eingeschoben. In der Einbaulage sind das Kopfstück 3 und das Gehäuseteil 5 fest miteinander verbunden. Dazu sind Befestigungsmittel 10 vorgesehen, die sich durch die Befestigungsbohrungen 9 erstrecken. Als Befestigungsmittel 10 kommen Schraubbolzen oder auch Nieten in Betracht.On the head piece 3 is according to the one in FIGS. 1 and 2 Embodiments shown a mounting edge 8 with a slightly larger diameter and with in the circumferential direction distributed mounting holes 9. The housing part 5 is with its open end under the mounting edge 8 of the head piece 3 to System inserted. In the installation position, the head piece 3 and that Housing part 5 firmly connected. There are fasteners for this 10 provided which extend through the mounting holes 9. Screws or rivets come in as fastening means 10 Consideration.

Durch die kopfseitige Stirnwand 4 und das Kopfstück 3 erstreckt sich gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel ein Tragrohr 11 mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt längs einer Gehäuseachse. Das Tragrohr 11 ragt mit seinem einen Ende durch die Stirnwand 4 nach außen und bildet dort einen Einlaßstutzen, während sein anderes, ebenfalls offenes Ende im Abstand vor der Stirnwand 7 (Fig. 1) innen im Gehäuse 2 endet.Through the head end wall 4 and the head piece 3 extends According to the embodiment, a support tube 11 with a circular Cross section along a housing axis. The support tube 11 projects with its one end through the end wall 4 to the outside and forms one there Inlet port while its other, also open end is spaced before the end wall 7 (Fig. 1) ends inside the housing 2.

Im Betriebszustand strömt das gasförmige Medium/Abgas durch das Tragrohr 11 in das Gehäuse 2 ein und tritt durch einen Auslaßstutzen/Ausströmstutzen 12 aus dem Gehäuse 2 aus. Dieser Ausströmstutzen 12 kann in radialer Anordnung am Kopfstück 3 befestigt und nach außen und zum Inneren des Gehäuses 2 hin offen sein.In the operating state, the gaseous medium / exhaust gas flows through the Carrier tube 11 in the housing 2 and passes through a Outlet connector / outlet connector 12 from the housing 2. This Outflow connection 12 can be arranged in a radial arrangement on the head piece 3 attached and open to the outside and the inside of the housing 2 his.

Als Schalldämm-/beziehungsweise Verwirbelungselelemente sind gemäß den in den Fig. 1 und 2 sowie 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen vier flügelradartige Umlenkelemente 13, 14, 15 beziehungsweise 16 vorgesehen. Sie können gemäß Auführungsbeispiel jeweils mit einem buchsen- oder ring- förmigen Nabenteil 17 auf das Tragrohr 11 aufgeschoben sein. Sie sind drehfest beziehungsweise ortsfest auf dem Tragrohr 11 angeordnet, wobei dies durch eine form- oder reibungsschlüssige Verbindung zwischen den Nabenteilen 17 und dem Tragrohr 11 oder auch durch eine gesonderte Arretierung erreicht werden kann. As soundproofing or swirling elements are according to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and 5 four impeller-like deflection elements 13, 14, 15 and 16, respectively intended. You can use a bushing or ring-shaped hub part 17 on the support tube 11 to be put off. They are non-rotatable or stationary on the Support tube 11 arranged, this by a shape or frictional connection between the hub parts 17 and the Support tube 11 or achieved by a separate locking can be.

Jedes flügelradartige Umlenkelement 13 bis 16 bildet eine Schalldämpferstufe und weist mehrere flügel- beziehungsweise leitschaufelartige Leitlelemente 18 auf. Gemäß den in den Fig. 1 bis 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen sind die Umlenkelemente 13 bis 16' jeweils scheibenförmige sowie geschlitzte Körper 17' mit jeweils ca. 20 leitschaufelartigen Leitelementen 18. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Umlenkelemente 13 beziehungsweise, die scheibenförmigen, geschlitzten Körper 17' mit ihren leitschaufelartigen Leitelementen jeweils einstückig. Im Gehäuse 2 erstrecken sie sich bis an die zylindrische Umfangswand 6.Each impeller-like deflection element 13 to 16 forms one Muffler level and has several wing respectively guide vane-like guide elements 18. According to that in FIGS. 1 to 5 The exemplary embodiments shown are the deflection elements 13 to 16 ' in each case disk-shaped and slotted bodies 17 'each with approx. 20 Guide vane-like guide elements 18. Advantageously, the Deflection elements 13 and, respectively, the disc-shaped, slotted body 17 'with their guide vane-like guide elements each in one piece. In the housing 2 they extend to the cylindrical peripheral wall 6.

Die Leitelemente 18 eines jeden Umlenkelementes 13 bis 16 sind unter einem einheitlichen Anstellwinkel α von zum Beispiel 15° (vorzugsweise zwischen ° und °) gegenüber den jeweils zugehörigen Radialebenen 19 geneigt beziehungsweise angewinkelt. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Anstellwinkel α jeweils benachbarter Umlenkelemente positiv oder negativ angestellt, wie dies aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht. Eine ursprünglich im Wesentlichen axial gerichtete Strömung wird daher jeweils entsprechend abgelenkt.The guide elements 18 of each deflection element 13 to 16 are below a uniform angle of attack α of, for example, 15 ° (preferably between ° and °) compared to the corresponding Radial planes 19 inclined or angled. The angles of attack α are expediently more adjacent Deflection elements made positive or negative, as shown in FIG. 2 evident. Originally essentially axially directed Flow is therefore deflected accordingly.

Im Ausgangszustand sind die scheibenförmigen Körper 17' flache Blechringe und erhalten als Scheibenrohling schmale sowie sich radial und geradlinig von außen nach innen erstreckende Schlitze 18'. Die Leitelemente 18 sind wegen der Schlitze 18' und wegen der Kreisringform der scheibenförmigen Körper 17' jeweils kreisring-sektorförmig. Aufgrund der positiven und/oder negativen Anstellwinkel der Leitelemente befinden sich schlitzförmige Durchtrittsöffnungen in jedem Umlenkelement mit der Folge, daß das gasförmige Medium unabhängig von den jeweiligen Ablenkungen in Längrichtung des Gehäuses 2 durch die Umlenkelemente 13 bis 16 strömen kann.In the initial state, the disk-shaped bodies 17 'are flat Sheet metal rings and as a disc blank get narrow as well as radial and slots 18 'extending in a straight line from the outside inwards. The Guide elements 18 are because of the slots 18 'and because of Annular shape of the disk-shaped body 17 'each in the shape of an annular sector. Because of the positive and / or negative angle of attack of the guide elements are slot-shaped through openings in each deflecting element with the result that the gaseous medium regardless of the respective distractions in the longitudinal direction of the Housing 2 can flow through the deflection elements 13 to 16.

Die Darstellungen in den Fig. zeigen, daß das Gehäuse 2 des Schalldämpfers 1 nicht vollständig mit Leitelemente 18 aufweisenden Umlenkelementen entsprechend den Elementen 13 bis 16 belegt sein muß. Obwohl die Umlenkelemente 13 bis 16, 16' zur Verwirbelung des Strömungsmediums längs der Gehäusehauptachse 19' hintereinander sowie im Abstand voneinander ortsfest angeordnet sind, weist das Gehäuse 2 vorzugsweise dennoch ein völlig unbelegtes Gehäusekammerteil 2' auf. Das Gehäusekammerteil 2' dient als Beruhigungsstrecke.The representations in the figures show that the housing 2 of the Muffler 1 not completely having guide elements 18 Deflection elements corresponding to elements 13 to 16 are occupied got to. Although the deflection elements 13 to 16, 16 'for swirling the Flow medium along the main axis of the housing 19 'one behind the other and are arranged in a fixed distance from each other, that Housing 2 preferably a completely blank Housing chamber part 2 '. The housing chamber part 2 'serves as Calming section.

In den Fig. 1 und 2 ist ein vergleichsweise kurzes Tragrohr 11 (für vier Umlenkelemente) 13 bis 16 in Verbindung mit einem vergleichsweise langen Gehäuseteil 5 vorgesehen, das die zwei- oder gar dreifache Anzahl von Umlenkelementen aufnehmen könnte. Daher kann es zur Ausnutzung der sich aus der kompakten Bauweise ergebenden Möglichkeiten in Verbindung mit der Variation der Anzahl von Umlenkelementen sinnvoll sein, für das Kopfstück 3 verschiedene Gehäuseteile 2 und Tragrohre 11 mit abgestufter Länge vorzusehen, die dann in Abhängigkeit von dem jeweiligen Anwendungsfall zusammengebaut werden.1 and 2 is a comparatively short support tube 11 (for four Deflection elements) 13 to 16 in connection with a comparative long housing part 5 is provided, which is two or even three times the number could take up of deflection elements. Therefore it can be used Utilization of the resulting from the compact design Possibilities in connection with the variation of the number of Deflection elements make sense for the head piece 3 different Provide housing parts 2 and support tubes 11 with a stepped length, the then depending on the respective application be assembled.

Ebenso können in Anpassung an die Verhältnisse des Einzelfalles zur Auswahl auch Umlenkelemente mit Leitelementen 18 vorgesehen werden, die hinsichtlich ihrer Anzahl, ihrer Form und ihres Anstellwinkels verschieden sind.Likewise, in adaptation to the circumstances of the individual case Selection also provided deflection elements with guide elements 18 in terms of number, shape and angle of attack are different.

Während die Strömungsrichtung des gasförmigen Mediums bei dem in Fig. 1 als Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellten Schalldämpfer 1 von der außen liegenden Öffnung des Tragrohres 11 in das Innere des becherförmigen Gehäuseteiles 5 gerichtet ist und das Gas dann durch die Umlenkelemente der verschiedenen Stufen zum Ausströmstutzen 12 fließt, befindet sich bei dem in Fig. 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Einlaßstutzen 20 am einen Ende 21 des becherförmigen Gehäuseteiles 5, während ein Auslaßstutzen 22 koaxial am anderen Ende 23 des becherförmigen Gehäuseteiles 5 - oder umgekehrt an seinem topfförmigen Kopfstück 3 - angeordnet ist. Ein rechtwinklig abzweigender Ausströmstutzen 12 wie bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist daher nicht zwingend notwendig.During the flow direction of the gaseous medium in the Fig. 1 shown as an embodiment silencer of the external opening of the support tube 11 into the interior of the cup-shaped housing part 5 is directed and then the gas the deflection elements of the different stages to the outflow connection 12 flows, is in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 an inlet port 20 at one end 21 of the cup-shaped Housing part 5, while an outlet 22 coaxially on the other End 23 of the cup-shaped housing part 5 - or vice versa its cup-shaped head piece 3 - is arranged. A right angle branching outlet nozzle 12 as in that shown in Fig. 1 The embodiment is therefore not absolutely necessary.

Auch die Funktion des zugleich als Einlaßstutzen dienenden Tragrohres 11 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 entfällt bei dem Schalldämpfer gemäß Fig. 5, denn dort dient ein zentrisch angeordneter Träger beziehungsweise ein Tragelement 24 ausschließlich zum Tragen und/oder Verbinden der aus Umlenkelementen 13 bis 16 bestehenden Schalldämpferstufen 25.Also the function of the support tube, which also serves as an inlet connector 11 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is omitted in the 5, because there is a centrally arranged Carrier or a support element 24 for carrying only and / or connecting those consisting of deflection elements 13 to 16 Muffler levels 25.

Gemäß den in den Fig. 1 und 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen sind jeweils vier oder fünf Schalldämpferstufen 25 vorgesehen. Entsprechend den jeweiligen Verhältnissen können aber auch mehr oder weniger Schalldämpferstufen 25 längs des zentralen Tragrohres 11/Tragelementes 24 angeordnet sein.According to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 four or five silencer stages 25 are provided. Corresponding the respective conditions can also more or less Muffler stages 25 along the central support tube 11 / support element 24 may be arranged.

Sehr wesentlich ist, daß der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer auch einen nur sehr geringen Strömungswiderstand im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Schalldämpfern besitzt. It is very important that the silencer according to the invention also a very low flow resistance compared to conventional mufflers.

Grundsätzlich können die Umlenkelemente aus Metall bestehen und massive oder durchlässige Leitelemente beispielsweise in Form eines feinmaschigen Streckgitters aufweisen. Ferner kommen als Werkstoffe auch Kunststoffe oder Komposit-Werkstoffe in Betracht.In principle, the deflection elements can consist of metal and solid or permeable guide elements, for example in the form of a have fine mesh expanded metal. Furthermore come as materials plastics or composite materials are also considered.

Die Umlenkelemente 13 bis 16' verhindern schließlich auch einen Rückstau im Schalldämper 1, was sich im Falle eines Verbrennungsmotors thermisch günstig auswirkt.Finally, the deflection elements 13 to 16 'also prevent one Backlog in the silencer 1, which is in the case of a Combustion engine has a thermally favorable effect.

Auch durch die variable Anordnung und die variable Anzahl der Umlenkelemente in Verbindung mit variablen Anstellwinkeln in weitem Umfang von positiven und negativen Winkelgrößen lassen sich auch bestimmte Frequenzen herausfiltern oder gewollte Schwingungen erzeugen. Im Hinblick auf die wertvollen Dämpfungseigenschaften ist der Schalldämpfer vergleichsweise einfach und kompakt aufgebaut.Also due to the variable arrangement and the variable number of Deflection elements in connection with variable angles of attack by far Scope of positive and negative angle sizes can also be filter out certain frequencies or wanted vibrations produce. In terms of the valuable damping properties is the silencer is comparatively simple and compact.

Ferner ist charakteristisch, daß die entfernt zur Gehäusehauptachse 19' angeordneten Enden der Leitelemente 18 stärker angewinkelt sind als ihre nahe bei der Gehäusehauptachse 19' befindlichen Enden beziehungsweise daß die Leitelemente 18 zumindest teilweise in sich verdreht sein können.It is also characteristic that the distance from the main axis of the housing 19 ' arranged ends of the guide elements 18 are angled more than their ends close to the main housing axis 19 ' or that the guide elements 18 at least partially in themselves can be twisted.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die in den Fig. konkret dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, vielmehr sind mannigfache Abwandlungen möglich, ohne von dem grundsätzlichen Erfindungsgedanken abzuweichen.The invention is not based on those specifically shown in the figures Embodiments are limited, rather are manifold Modifications possible without the basic Deviate inventive ideas.

Grundsätzlich Gleiches gilt auch für die Art der Verwendung des Schalldämpfers, die nicht auf bestimmte Verbrennungsmotoren beschränkt ist, sondern ganz allgemein als Schalldämpfer einsetzbar ist, wobei dies insbesondere auch zur Verwendung für Modellflugzeuge beziehungsweise für Motoren mit hohen Drehzahlen gilt.Basically, the same applies to the type of use of the Muffler not on certain internal combustion engines is limited, but can be used in general as a silencer, this being especially for use on model airplanes or applies to engines with high speeds.

Wie aus den Fig. hervorgeht weisen die flügelradartigen Umlenkelemente der Ausführungsbeispiele vorzugsweise herstellungsbedingt im Fußbereich der leitschaufelartigen Leitelemente 18 entgegengesetzte, kurze, in Umfangsrichtung gerichtete Schlitze 18" auf. Dadurch ist jedes Leitelement 18 nur noch über einen schmalen, in den Fig. nicht sichtbaren Steg mit dem Nabenteil 17 verbunden. Erreicht wird hierdurch, daß bei Bedarf jedem flügelartigen Leitelement 18 trotz des Anstellwinkels α eine vollkommen ebene, flächige Gestalt gegeben werden kann.As can be seen from the figures, the impeller-like have Deflection elements of the exemplary embodiments are preferred production-related in the foot area of the guide vane-like guide elements 18 opposite, short, circumferential slots 18 " on. As a result, each guide element 18 is only over a narrow, in the web not shown connected to the hub part 17. Reached is thereby that, if necessary, each wing-like guide element 18 despite given the angle of attack α a completely flat, flat shape can be.

Aus Festigkeitsgründen können die Leitelemente 18 nach dem Einschlitzen in Umfangsrichtung im Fußbereich zusätzlich punktförmig am Nabenteil 17 beziehungsweise am Tragrohr 11/am Tragelement 24 angelötet werden.For strength reasons, the guide elements 18 after Slits are also punctiform in the circumferential direction in the foot area on the hub part 17 or on the support tube 11 / on the support element 24 be soldered on.

Claims (22)

Schalldämpfer, insbesondere für Verbrennungsmotoren, mit einem von einem Strömungsmedium durchströmten, mindestens eine Gehäusekammer (3,5) aufweisenden Gehäuse (2), in dem zur Verwirbelung des Strömungsmediums dienende Umlenkelemente (13 bis 16) längs einer Gehäusehauptachse (19') hintereinander sowie in Abstand voneinander ortsfest angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Umlenkelement (13, 14, 15, 16) jeweils ein scheibenförmiger, Schlitze (18') aufweisender Körper (17') vorgesehen ist und
sich über den lichten Querschnitt des Gehäuses (2) erstreckt und
daß die Schlitze (18') begrenzende, leitschaufelartige Leitelemente (18) von benachbarten scheibenförmigen Körpern (17') die Strömung unterschiedlich zur Gehäusehauptachse (19') umlenken.Silencer, in particular for internal combustion engines, with a housing (2) through which a flow medium flows and at least one housing chamber (3,5), in which deflecting elements (13 to 16) serving to swirl the flow medium are arranged one behind the other and in along a main axis of the housing (19 ') A distance from one another is arranged in a stationary manner, characterized in that a disk-shaped body (17 ') having slots (18') is provided as the deflecting element (13, 14, 15, 16) and
extends over the clear cross section of the housing (2) and
that the slots (18 ') delimiting guide vane-like guide elements (18) from adjacent disk-shaped bodies (17') deflect the flow differently from the main housing axis (19 '). Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitelemente (18) von benachbarten scheibenförmigen Körpern (17') jeweils entgegengesetzt zueinander angewinkelt sind.Silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide elements (18) of adjacent disc-shaped bodies (17 ') are each angled in opposite directions to one another. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die scheibenförmigen Körper (17') jeweils geradlinig geschlitzt sind.Silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the disc-shaped bodies (17 ') are each slit in a straight line. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Leitelemente (18) eines scheibenförmigen Körpers (17') gleichgerichtet angewinkelt sind.Silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that all the guide elements (18) of a disk-shaped body (17 ') are angled in the same direction. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anstellwinkel (α) der Leitelemente (18) positiv oder negativ ist. Silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of attack (α) of the guide elements (18) is positive or negative. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die entfernt zur Gehäusehauptachse (19') angeordneten Enden der Leitelemente (18) stärker angewinkelt sind als ihre nahe bei der Gehäusehauptachse (19') befindlichen Enden.Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the guide elements (18) which are remote from the main housing axis (19 ') are angled more than their ends which are close to the main housing axis (19'). Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitelemente (18) zumindest teilweise in sich verdreht sind.Silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide elements (18) are at least partially twisted in themselves. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der scheibenförmige Körper (17') als Rohling kreisringförmig ist.Muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that the disc-shaped body (17 ') as a blank is circular. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitelemente (18) kreisring-sektorförmig sind.Muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide elements (18) are annular sector-shaped. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umlenkelemente (13 bis 16) mit ihren Leitelementen (18) zwischen Gehäusekammerteilen (2') und (3') ohne Umlenkelemente angeordnet sind.Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deflection elements (13 to 16) with their guide elements (18) are arranged between housing chamber parts (2 ') and (3') without deflection elements. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umlenkelemente (13 bis 16) jeweils eine Schalldämperstufe bilden.Silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the deflecting elements (13 to 16) each form a sound-absorbing stage. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Anordnung von drei bis fünf oder mehr, jeweils eine Schalldämpferstufe bildenden Umlenkelementen (13 bis 16).Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized by the arrangement of three to five or more deflection elements (13 to 16) each forming a silencer stage. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Schalldämpferstufe/jedes Umlenkelement circa 10 bis 40, vorzugsweise etwa 20, in der Abwicklung jeweils kreisringsektorförmige Leitelemente (18) aufweist.Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that each silencer stage / each deflecting element has approximately 10 to 40, preferably approximately 20, in the development in each case annular guide elements (18). Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umlenkelemente (13 bis 16) jeweils einstückig ein Nabenteil (17) und radial auswärts davon Schlitze (18') und die leitschaufelartigen Leitelemente (18) aufweisen.Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deflection elements (13 to 16) each have a hub part (17) in one piece and slots (18 ') and the guide vane-like guide elements (18) radially outward therefrom. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umlenklelemente (13 bis 16) jeweils auf einem das gasförmige Medium führenden Tragrohr (11) angeordnet sind. Silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the deflecting elements (13 to 16) are each arranged on a support tube (11) carrying the gaseous medium. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitelemente (18) aufweisenden Umlenkelemente (13 bis 16) jeweils als scheibenförmige Körper (17') aus flachen Blechringen gefertigt sind und als Scheibenrohlinge schmale sowie sich radial und geradlinig von außen nach innen erstreckende Schlitze (18') aufweisen.Muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide elements (18) having deflection elements (13 to 16) are each made as a disk-shaped body (17 ') from flat sheet metal rings and narrow disk blanks and slots which extend radially and in a straight line from the outside inwards ( 18 '). Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umlenkelemente (13 bis 16) in Strömungsrichtung abwechselnd mit entgegengesetzt angestellten, leitschaufelartigen Leitelementen (18) versehen sind.Silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the deflection elements (13 to 16) are provided alternately in the direction of flow with oppositely positioned, guide vane-like guide elements (18). Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gegensinnig geneigten Anstellwinkel (von +α' bis -α) den gleichen absoluten Winkelwert aufweisen.Silencer according to claim 17, characterized in that the oppositely inclined angles of attack (from + α 'to -α) have the same absolute angle value. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umlenkelemente (13 bis 16) mit einem Nabenteil (17) auf einem zentral im Gehäuse (2) angeordneten Trageelement (11)/Träger (24) angeordnet sind.Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deflection elements (13 to 16) with a hub part (17) are arranged on a support element (11) / carrier (24) arranged centrally in the housing (2). Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die axiale Länge des Gehäuses (2) und/oder eines Gehäuseteiles (3, 5) so bemessen ist, daß eine dem jeweiligen Einsatzfall angepaßte, unterschiedliche Anzahl von Umlenkelementen (13 bis 16) anbringbar ist.Silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial length of the housing (2) and / or a housing part (3, 5) is dimensioned such that a different number of deflection elements (13 to 16) adapted to the respective application can be attached. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch seine Verwendung für den Verbrennungsmotor eines Modellflugzeuges.Silencer according to claim 1, characterized by its use for the internal combustion engine of a model aircraft. Schalldämper für Verbrennungsmotoren, mit einem von einem Strömungsmedium/gasförmigen Medium durchströmten, mindestens eine Gehäusekammer (3, 5) aufweisenden Gehäuse (2), in dem zur Verwirbelung des gasförmigen Mediums dienende Umlenkelemente (13 bis 16) längs einer Gehäusehauptachse (19') hintereinander sowie im Abstand voneinader ortsfest angeordnet sind,
gekennzeichnet durch Umlenkelemente (13 bis 16) im Gehäuse (2) derart und eine dadurch bedingte Verwirbelung des gasförmigen Mediums derart, daß sich die Schallschwingungen gegenseitig aufheben.Sound absorber for internal combustion engines, with a housing (2) having at least one housing chamber (3, 5) through which a flow medium / gaseous medium flows, in which deflecting elements (13 to 16) serving to swirl the gaseous medium are arranged one behind the other along a main housing axis (19 ') and are arranged at a distance from each other,
characterized by deflecting elements (13 to 16) in the housing (2) in this way and a resulting swirling of the gaseous medium in such a way that the sound vibrations cancel each other out.
EP03015086A 2002-07-04 2003-07-03 Silencer Expired - Lifetime EP1380730B1 (en)

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DE10230044A1 (en) 2004-02-05
ATE327420T1 (en) 2006-06-15
DE50303435D1 (en) 2006-06-29
US20040065505A1 (en) 2004-04-08
EP1380730B1 (en) 2006-05-24

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