EP1372750A1 - Procede de preparation d'un neo-tissu cartilagineux - Google Patents
Procede de preparation d'un neo-tissu cartilagineuxInfo
- Publication number
- EP1372750A1 EP1372750A1 EP02757749A EP02757749A EP1372750A1 EP 1372750 A1 EP1372750 A1 EP 1372750A1 EP 02757749 A EP02757749 A EP 02757749A EP 02757749 A EP02757749 A EP 02757749A EP 1372750 A1 EP1372750 A1 EP 1372750A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cells
- hydrogel
- chitosan
- tissue
- chitosan hydrogel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- SATHPVQTSSUFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[6-[(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyloxane-3,5-diol Chemical compound OC1C(OC)C(O)COC1OCC1C(O)C(OC)C(O)C(OC2C(C(CO)OC(C)C2O)O)O1 SATHPVQTSSUFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-acelyl-D-glucosamine Natural products CC(=O)NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-QZABAPFNSA-N beta-D-glucosamine Chemical compound N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-QZABAPFNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC(N)=[NH2+] PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/38—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
- A61L27/3804—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells characterised by specific cells or progenitors thereof, e.g. fibroblasts, connective tissue cells, kidney cells
- A61L27/3817—Cartilage-forming cells, e.g. pre-chondrocytes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/20—Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/3604—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix characterised by the human or animal origin of the biological material, e.g. hair, fascia, fish scales, silk, shellac, pericardium, pleura, renal tissue, amniotic membrane, parenchymal tissue, fetal tissue, muscle tissue, fat tissue, enamel
- A61L27/3633—Extracellular matrix [ECM]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/3641—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix characterised by the site of application in the body
- A61L27/3645—Connective tissue
- A61L27/3654—Cartilage, e.g. meniscus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/38—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
- A61L27/3839—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells characterised by the site of application in the body
- A61L27/3843—Connective tissue
- A61L27/3852—Cartilage, e.g. meniscus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/52—Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/0068—General culture methods using substrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0652—Cells of skeletal and connective tissues; Mesenchyme
- C12N5/0655—Chondrocytes; Cartilage
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/06—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for cartilage reconstruction, e.g. meniscus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
- C12N2533/70—Polysaccharides
- C12N2533/72—Chitin, chitosan
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of repairing cartilage lesions by the implementation of a graft. It relates more particularly to a process for the preparation of a graftable cartilage tissue.
- Cartilage is a tissue of mesenchymal origin consisting of a small percentage of chondrocytes distributed within an extracellular matrix which they ensure renewal.
- This matrix is composed of a network of collagen fibers, in particular type 11, and glycosaminoglycans associated with structural proteins to form proteoglycans. The whole by its amphiphilic nature and its ionic sites forms a physical gel ensuring the viscoelastic properties of the cartilaginous tissue.
- cartilage tissue disappears in adulthood except at the level of the joints, where its role is to ensure the movement of the articular surfaces and to support significant compressive loads. Joint cartilage is however not able to regenerate spontaneously. This is why in case of cartilage lesions recourse is had to transplant techniques, such as mosaic grafting or grafting of autologous cells.
- Mosaic grafting involves taking samples of bone covered with cartilage in non-bearing regions and grafting them at the level of the lesion.
- Autologous cell transplantation consists of taking a sample of healthy cartilage, subjecting it to an enzymatic digestion in order to free the chondrocytes from the extra cellular matrix, making the chondrocytes multiply ex-vivo until a sufficient number is obtained. chondrocytes, which are then reimplanted in the cartilage lesion. Chondrocytes in the form of a cell suspension in aqueous medium (dispersion in a liquid medium), first cover the previously unbridled lesion with a membrane made of periosteum sutured tightly at the edge of the cartilage and then inject the suspension (dispersion containing the culture) into the cavity thus created chondrocytes. After a certain time, these cells produce an extra-cellular matrix which does not however have the tissue organization of normal articular cartilage.
- the mode of multiplication of the chondrocytes to be implanted must be determined so as to avoid a dedifferentiation of the cells.
- chondrocytes are made to proliferate on a support (synthetic polymer) like that of the bottom of the cell culture dishes, the chondrocytes become differentiated into fibroblastic cells. They are then spindle-shaped instead of being polygonal like chondrocytes and synthesize collagen I instead of collagen II.
- the polysaccharides are chosen in particular from the following compounds: dextran, cellulose, arabinogalactan, pullulan and amylose.
- the crosslinking agent is for example glutamic acid, lysine, albumin or gelatin.
- the chondrocytes multiply while keeping their shape and their phenotype, and synthesize very particularly collagen II.
- the chondrocytes are recovered by digesting the polysaccharide beads using specific enzymes, for example dextranase, which do not damage the chondrocytic cells. Said cells are then detached to be included in a chitosan matrix. To do this, chondrocytes are added to an acidic solution of chitosan, then the mixture is stirred until the formation of a three-dimensional structure which is placed in a 1N sodium hydroxide solution so as to obtain the precipitation of the chitosan. in a few minutes. The sodium hydroxide is then quickly eliminated and the conglomerate of chitosan and cells is cultured at 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 for a determined period.
- specific enzymes for example dextranase
- the chondrocytes mixed with the chitosan are incorporated, included in the three-dimensional structure of the precipitated chitosan, which structure would have a firm consistency resembling the texture of cartilage.
- chondrocytes may still be viable after having been successively subjected to an acid medium and then to a strongly basic medium, as taught in document WO.00 / 56251 for the precipitation of chitosan around said cells.
- Chitosan is obtained by deacetylation of chitin, the most widespread biopolymer in nature after cellulose. Chitin can be extracted from the exoskeleton of certain crustaceans such as lobster, crab or the squid endoskeleton, for example.
- the chitin and chitosan consist of the same two monomer units, N-acetylD glucosamine and D-glucosamine.
- N-acetylD glucosamine N-acetylD glucosamine
- D-glucosamine D-glucosamine.
- chitin When the polymer is strongly acetylated, that is to say when it comprises more than 60% of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, it is called chitin. Both are biodegradable, bioresorbable and compatible with living tissue.
- Chitosan is known to have a biostimulatory activity on the reconstitution of tissues. It is however generally used in combination with other elements. For example in document W0.96 / O2259, the chitosan is combined with another polysaccharide to form an agent for stimulating the regeneration of hard tissue at an integration site of an implant, for example made of titanium.
- the chitosan is crosslinked with a glycosaminoglycan to constitute a biochemical environment close to the cartilaginous tissue, stimulating cell growth.
- the process of the present invention is similar to document WO.OO / 56251 in that it uses chitosan which is not associated with any other constituent. However, it is distinguished by the fact that it does not require three successive operations.
- the process of the present invention relates to the preparation of a graftable cartilage neo-tissue. It consists of: a) culturing chondrogenic cells, which are either autologous chondrocytes or chondrocyte precursor cells prepared in vitro from pluripotent stem cells, b) bringing said chondrogenic cells into contact with the outer surface of a hydrogel made exclusively of chitosan whose amphiphilic properties and degree acetylation are such that said cells adhere naturally to said outer surface, c) to cover the hydrogel / cells thus obtained with a culture medium and, d) to allow the development of a cartilage neo-tissue in contact with the surface of chitosan hydrogel, and without penetration of the cells for a minimum period of two weeks, by frequently renewing the culture medium.
- chondrogenic cells which are either autologous chondrocytes or chondrocyte precursor cells prepared in vitro from pluripotent stem cells
- the natural adhesion of the cells to the external surface of the chitosan hydrogel makes it possible to obtain a very good distribution of said cells and avoids the loss of cells during the operation, for example when the latter is carried out in wells. culture.
- the chitosan hydrogel plays an inducing role on the phenotype of chondrogenic cells, which proliferate without being indifferentiated, while retaining their chondrocyte phenotype and their cell maturation potential.
- chondrogenic cells do not penetrate directly inside the hydrogel, the latter having a pore size (at the surface and in the mass) insufficient with regard to the size of said cells.
- Chitosan hydrogel is gradually metabolized and / or replaced and / or invaded by matrix proteins of cartilage type, which are neo-synthesized by chondrocytes.
- the whole - consisting of the chondrocytes and the extra-cellular matrix - produces a cartilaginous neo-tissue which can be grafted as it is, the chitosan hydrogel which temporarily serves as a support for this cartilaginous neo-tissue being partially or wholly biodegraded, and not participating in the graft, contrary to what is provided in documents WO.OO / 56251 and WO.99 / 47186 in which it is the three-dimensional structure in which the chondrocytes are included which acts as a graft.
- the degree of acetylation of chitosan, used for the preparation of the hydrogel is between 30 and 70%; preferably this is between 40 and 60%.
- the chondrogenic cells are brought into contact with the outer surface of the chitosan hydrogel which is in the form of small particles of a few millimeters.
- the chondrogenic cells are spread in the form of at least one layer between at least two layers of chitosan hydrogel, each layer being of the order of a few millimeters thick. This particular arrangement makes it very easy to obtain a large cartilage neo-tissue, after complete disappearance of the chitosan hydrogel.
- the neo-cartilage tissue formed by the process of the invention is characterized in that it consists of more or less parallel rows of cells, having a cell maturation gradient oriented from a determined zone towards its periphery, the determined zone. corresponding to the junction area of the cells with the chitosan hydrogel.
- this neo-tissue is analyzed in histology, its morphological appearance is close to a normal cartilage tissue.
- the present invention will be better understood on reading the description which will be given of several examples of preparation. of a cartilaginous neo-tissue using as an amplification support a chitosan hydrogel whose degree of acetylation is between 40 and 60%.
- CHITOSANF The reference chitosan used is obtained from endoskeletons of squid. It has an acetylation degree of 5.2%. It is first of all purified in order to remove the insoluble particles, by implementing the following stages: dissolution, filtration, precipitation, washing and lyophilization. For its dissolution, a solution of low viscosity is prepared, with a concentration of the order of 0.5% by weight of chitosan in an acid solution. More specifically, acetic acid is put in a stoichiometric amount relative to the amino groups of chitosan. The polymer solution is filtered by successive passages on membranes of decreasing porosity (1.2; 0.8 and 0.45 ⁇ m) under a maximum pressure of 3 bars.
- the polymer is precipitated by raising the pH of the solution by adding a concentrated ammonia solution, with stirring. Several washing operations are then necessary to lower the pH of the suspension by eliminating the excess ammonia. After each washing, the suspension is centrifuged and the pellet recovered. Washing takes place until the pH of the washing water stabilizes at a value which is a function of the degree of acetylation. Lyophilization makes it possible to obtain the chitosan in solid form.
- ACFTYI ATION ni l CHITOSANF The chitosan is then re-acetylated to obtain the desired degree of acetylation.
- This reacetylation is carried out by reaction of the amino function with acetic anhydride in a hydro-alcoholic medium. The ratio between the number of amino functions and the number of anhydride molecules present in solution determines the degree of acetylation of the chitosan produced.
- a hydroalcoholic solution which comprises, in addition to chitosan, water, 1,2-propanadiol and the necessary quantity of acetic acid to have a quantity stoichiometric with respect to the amino functions of chitosan.
- the hydro-alcoholic solution included 3 g of chitosan, 323 g of water and 272 g of 1,2-propanadiol.
- the acetylating mixture comprises acetic anhydride and propanediol.
- the mixture included 1.26 ml of acetic anhydride to obtain a degree of acetylation of chitosan of 50% and 1.62 ml of acetic anhydride to obtain a degree of acetylation of 60% .
- FORMATION DF the HY ⁇ ROGFI PHYSIQUF RF CHITOSANF
- This passage corresponds to an anterior situation (liquid state) where the hydrophilic interactions dominate to a posterior situation (hydrogel state) where the hydrophobic interactions become strong enough so that there is no more dissolution without however being strong enough to cause complete precipitation of the polymer.
- the preferred preparation method starts with an initial solution of chitosan. If necessary, depending on the degree of acetylation, it will be an acid solution, the c hitosane being dissolved in hydrochloric acid in stoichiometric amount with the amino groups of chitosan.
- a certain volume of 1.2 propanediol is added dropwise to the solution which is then degassed under vacuum for a period of approximately one hour.
- the solution is then poured into a container allowing a large free surface to volume ratio and is placed in an oven at 45 ° C. for the time necessary for it to gel.
- the formation of the chitosan hydrogel is obtained by a physicochemical process. It is not a precipitate but a real physical hydrogel, which is a viscoelastic material containing only chitosan and more than 90% water. Unlike a precipitate, such a hydrogel does not break up by stirring or dilution.
- hydrogel which is not soluble in water at pHs of the order of 6 or 7
- neutralization of the hydrogel thus obtained is carried out for approximately one hour in basic medium, for example sodium hydroxide. O, 1 molar.
- the gel setting corresponds to a determined aqueous solution / 1-2 propanediol ratio, a ratio which depends on the degree of acetylation of the chitosan.
- the gelation being accompanied by a loss of water, it is important that the operating conditions favor this evaporation of the water.
- containers can be used during gelation, whether they are petri dishes, multi-well dishes or inserts specially designed to be housed in the wells of multi-well dishes.
- a 24-well plate equipped with inserts is used, each insert consisting of a plastic cone, the bottom of which is formed by a membrane permeable to nutrition liquid and which is arranged to be deposited in each well without touching the bottom thereof.
- the chondrogenic cells can be autologous chondrocytes or chondrocyte precursor cells prepared, in vitro, from pluripotent stem cells.
- the hydrogel obtained is in the form of a visco-elastic and translucent block, the capacity and resistance of which depend in particular on the concentration of chitosan in the initial solution. .
- this concentration is 0.5 to 4%.
- the block of chitosan hydrogel is cut into small fragments whose external dimensions are of the order of a few millimeters. These fragments are placed in the wells of a multi-well plate or possibly in the inserts fitted to such a plate.
- the chondrogenic cells are introduced in the form of a suspension and mixed delicately with the hydrogel fragments. The whole is covered with an appropriate culture medium. It is found that the chondrogenic cells spontaneously adhere to the outer surface of the hydrogel fragments and do not fall into the bottom of the wells.
- the cultivation is carried out by placing the plates thus garnished in an atmosphere of 10% CO 2 at 37 ° C.
- the nutrition medium is renewed twice a week.
- the cultivation continues for a variable time which can range from 2 to 6 weeks depending on the size desired for the cartilage neo-tissue which forms on contact with the chitosan hydrogel.
- the degree of acetylation between 30 and 70%, but preferably between 40 and 60% induces optimal amphiphilic conditions favorable to the establishment of an environment conducive to the synthesis of the cartilage neo-tissue. Indeed, by increasing the degree of acetylation, one contributes to reinforcing the hydrophobic interactions due to the N-acetamide functions. Simultaneously, the cationicity of the residual ane sites is also increased, thereby strengthening their hydrophilic nature and their ability to create electrostatic interactions. All these conditions are favorable for the establishment of interactions with the proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix neo-formed by the chondrogenic cells.
- the pH conditions are favorable to the action of enzymes, for example the lysosyme, secreted by the chondrocytes and allowing the degradation by hydrolysis of glycosuric bonds constituting the chitosan chain.
- the chondrocytes multiply and simultaneously synthesize an important matrix which accumulates around the cells and gradually replaces or covers the chitosan hydrogel. It is also possible to follow the formation of this cartilage neo-tissue depending on the culture time.
- the chondrogenic cells adhere to the hydrogel without ever penetrating it, they secrete matrix proteins of the collagen type and proteo- glycans which accumulate around the cells and form a denser layer along the hydrogel, between the cells and the hydrogel which retains its original appearance.
- the chondrogenic cells multiply from the cells bordering the hydrogel and the matrix proteins continue to accumulate.
- the structure of the hydrogel changes gradually taking on colors which are specific for collagen proteins and proteoglycans.
- a block of neoformed tissue is obtained at the end of the culture, consisting of several colonies of cells organized in more or less parallel rows and having a cell maturation gradient which is oriented from the junction zone of the cells with the hydrogel towards its periphery. .
- the messenger RNAs of collagen II, agrecane, biglycan and decorin are expressed when those of collagen I are not detectable.
- the proteoglycans were extracted from the neo-tissue with guanidine chloride 4M, purified and analyzed by chromatography on a column of sepharose 2B. The elution profiles obtained show that the cells have synthesized and secreted proteoglycans which have gathered in the matrix in the form of high molecular weight aggregates, with a profile similar to those synthesized and secreted in vivo.
- the chondrogenic cells have been spread, in the form of a sheet, between layers of hydrogel, each layer having a thickness of the order of a few millimeters.
- four layers of cells have been spread in combination with three layers of hydrogel, namely two layers respectively on the outer faces of the first and third layers of hydrogel and two layers sandwiched between the first and the second respectively.
- second layer and the second and third hydrogel layer are two layers respectively on the outer faces of the first and third layers of hydrogel and two layers sandwiched between the first and the second respectively.
- the cells were cultured under the same conditions as above and the same observations were made as regards the formation of a cartilage neo-tissue.
- the cell colonies which have formed either from the cells in contact with the outer face of the first and third layers of hydrogel or from the cells spread between two layers of hydrogel all have a morphological gradient similar to that which has been described above.
- the hydrogel layers, inserted between the layers of cells, have disappeared and are replaced by a very alkyanophilic fibrillar structure whose thickness corresponds approximately to the superposition of two to three layers of cells. It is understood that this last variant using a superposition of layers of chitosan hydrogel and chondrogenic cells makes it possible very easily to obtain a larger cartilage neo-tissue.
- the cartilaginous neo-tissue which is obtained according to the method of the invention is capable of being grafted as it is for the repair of cartilaginous, meniscal or intervertebral disc lesions, notably lesions of size important.
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0104405 | 2001-03-30 | ||
| FR0104405A FR2822842B1 (fr) | 2001-03-30 | 2001-03-30 | Procede de preparation d'un neo-tissu cartilagineux |
| PCT/FR2002/001121 WO2002078760A1 (fr) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-29 | Procede de preparation d'un neo-tissu cartilagineux |
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| EP1372750A1 true EP1372750A1 (fr) | 2004-01-02 |
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| EP02757749A Withdrawn EP1372750A1 (fr) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-29 | Procede de preparation d'un neo-tissu cartilagineux |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040171151A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1372750A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2442732A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2822842B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002078760A1 (fr) |
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| DE10317578A1 (de) * | 2003-04-16 | 2004-10-28 | Alvito Biotechnologie Gmbh | Chitosanfolie als Periost-Ersatz |
| JP5083967B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-22 | 2012-11-28 | ラボラトラ メディドム エス.アー. | ヒドロゲルを形成する、偽熱硬化性の中和されたキトサン組成物、および、この組成物を製造するためのプロセス |
| PL1978925T3 (pl) * | 2005-12-23 | 2010-01-29 | Laboratoire Medidom S A | Termoutwardzalna zobojętniona kompozycja chitozanu tworząca hydrożel, liofilizat i sposoby ich wytwarzania |
| EP1894581A1 (fr) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-05 | CellCoTec B.V. | Réparation de tissu cartilagineux avec un gel contenant des chondrocytes |
| FR3029116B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-01 | 2018-03-30 | Advanced Chitosan Solutions Biotech | Procede d'obtention d'un gel de cartilage pour la reparation cartilagineuse, comprenant du chitosane et des chondrocytes |
| CN112569405A (zh) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-30 | 四川大学 | 一种壳聚糖季铵盐型脱细胞真皮基质材料的制备方法 |
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| US5624679A (en) * | 1993-12-01 | 1997-04-29 | Marine Polymer Technologies, Inc. | Methods and compositions for poly-β-1-4-N-acetylglucosamine biological barriers |
| AU3097999A (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 1999-10-11 | University Of Pittsburgh | Chitosan-based composite materials containing glycosaminoglycan for cartilage repair |
| US6886568B2 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2005-05-03 | The Johns Hopkins University | Method for fabricating cell-containing implants |
| US6378527B1 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2002-04-30 | Chondros, Inc. | Cell-culture and polymer constructs |
-
2001
- 2001-03-30 FR FR0104405A patent/FR2822842B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2002
- 2002-03-29 US US10/473,370 patent/US20040171151A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-29 CA CA002442732A patent/CA2442732A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-29 EP EP02757749A patent/EP1372750A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-03-29 WO PCT/FR2002/001121 patent/WO2002078760A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| See references of WO02078760A1 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20040171151A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
| FR2822842B1 (fr) | 2004-11-19 |
| CA2442732A1 (fr) | 2002-10-10 |
| WO2002078760A1 (fr) | 2002-10-10 |
| FR2822842A1 (fr) | 2002-10-04 |
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