EP1370762B1 - Fuel injection device - Google Patents

Fuel injection device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1370762B1
EP1370762B1 EP02727209A EP02727209A EP1370762B1 EP 1370762 B1 EP1370762 B1 EP 1370762B1 EP 02727209 A EP02727209 A EP 02727209A EP 02727209 A EP02727209 A EP 02727209A EP 1370762 B1 EP1370762 B1 EP 1370762B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
fuel
injector
injection device
chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP02727209A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1370762A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Mahr
Martin Kropp
Hans-Christoph Magel
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/04—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure using fluid, other than fuel, for injection-valve actuation
    • F02M47/043—Fluid pressure acting on injection-valve in the period of non-injection to keep it closed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F02M57/022—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
    • F02M57/025—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive hydraulic, e.g. with pressure amplification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/105—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive hydraulic drive

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection device according to the preamble of claim 1
  • the fuel injection according to the invention can be both stroke controlled as well as pressure controlled.
  • a stroke-controlled fuel injection that the opening and closing of the injection opening by means of a sliding Valve member due to the hydraulic interaction of the pressures in one Nozzle space and takes place in a control room.
  • a pressure drop within the Control chamber causes a stroke of the valve member.
  • the deflecting of the valve member by an actuator actuator, actuator
  • a pressure controlled fuel injection is characterized by in the Nozzle chamber of an injector prevailing fuel pressure the valve member against the Action of a closing force (spring) moves, so that the injection port for a Injection of the fuel from the nozzle chamber is released into the cylinder.
  • the pressure with the fuel from the nozzle chamber into a cylinder one Internal combustion engine outlet, referred to as injection pressure, while under a system pressure the pressure is understood to be below the fuel within the pressure
  • Fuel injection device is available or stockpiled.
  • Fuel metering means a defined amount of fuel for injection provide. Leakage is an amount of fuel to be understood during the event Operation of the fuel injector occurs (e.g., a pilot leak), not used for injection and fed back to the fuel tank. The Pressure level of this leakage may have a stand pressure, the Fuel is then relaxed to the pressure level of the fuel tank.
  • the fuel pressure of the hydraulic oil operated pressure booster (1st system pressure)
  • another 2nd (lower) fuel system pressure generated for injection can be used.
  • the 2nd system pressure is in one if necessary Accumulator stored and is constantly on the injector. It can be one flexible Einspritzverlaufsformung and a multiple injection shown become. For generating a separate high pressure pump can be used. But it is also possible, the fuel pressure with a central pressure booster to create.
  • the 2nd system pressure can also be stored a subset of the fuel compressed by the DV.
  • the fuel pressure is set higher than the oil pressure in the accumulator chamber then acts on a piston of the local pressure booster a hydraulic Restoring force.
  • the necessary return spring can be reduced or even omitted. This results in a large space advantage, especially at Integration of the booster in the injector is important.
  • a supply container 2 for a working medium for example hydraulic oil
  • a reservoir 3 is used for fuel.
  • a high-pressure pump 4 conveys the working fluid hydraulic oil into a central pressure storage chamber 5, in which the hydraulic oil is compressed and stored at an adjustable system pressure of approximately 50 bar to 250 bar. By the pressure storage chamber 5 so a working medium high pressure source is provided.
  • a low-pressure fuel pump 6 delivers fuel 3 via a supply line 7 into a pressure chamber 8 of a pressure booster 9.
  • Each injector 10 is assigned a local pressure booster 9.
  • the control of the pressure booster 9 can be carried out by a supply line 12 can be connected to a primary chamber 13 of the booster 9 either to an oil return 14 or to the pressure storage chamber 5.
  • the pressure chamber 8 is connected via a check valve 15 with a nozzle chamber 16 of the injector 10, so that a pressure build-up in the nozzle chamber 16 can take place.
  • a connected to the accumulator chamber 5 control chamber 17 of the injector 10 can be connected by means of a 2/2-way valve 18 and a pressure relief throttle 19 with an oil return 20 , so that the pressure in the control chamber 17 can be influenced.
  • the injection takes place via a fuel metering with the aid of a nozzle needle 21, which is axially displaceable in a guide bore and which cooperates with a valve seat surface on the injector housing of the injector 10.
  • a pressure surface pointing in the opening direction of the nozzle needle 21 is exposed to the pressure prevailing there, which is supplied to the nozzle chamber 16 via the feed line 22 .
  • Coaxial with a valve spring 23 also engages the nozzle needle 21 to a pressure piece 24 , which limits the control chamber 17.
  • the control chamber 17 has from the fuel pressure port ago an inlet with a first throttle 25 and a drain over the oil return 20 and the 2/2-way valve 18th
  • the nozzle chamber 16 is placed over an annular gap between the nozzle needle 21st and the guide bore continues to the valve seat surface of the injector housing. about the pressure in the control chamber 17, the pressure piece 24 in the closing direction pressurized.
  • the control of the injector 10 is hydraulically by the interaction of the Pressures in the nozzle chamber 16 and in the control chamber 17 (with appropriate design the pressure surfaces).
  • the valve 18 When the valve 18 is open, the pressure in the control chamber 17 and the nozzle needle 21 releases the injection openings.
  • the injection begins. at closed valve 18 is built in the control chamber 17 again a rail pressure and the nozzle needle 21 closes the injection opening.
  • each injector 10 is assigned a respective local pressure booster 9.
  • the pressure booster 9 comprises the 3/2-way valve 11 for driving, a check valve and a piston 26.
  • the movable piston 26 separates the connectable to the pressure accumulator 5 primary chamber 13 of a connected to the at least one injector 10 and filled with fuel pressure chamber 8.
  • the piston 26 can be pressurized at one end.
  • a differential space 27 is depressurized by means of a leakage line, so that the piston 26 can be moved to reduce the volume of the pressure chamber 8.
  • the piston 26 is moved in the compression direction, so that the fuel in the pressure chamber 8 is compressed and the control chamber 17 and a nozzle chamber 16 is supplied.
  • a check valve prevents the return of compressed fuel into the fuel tank.
  • a suitable area ratio in the primary chamber 13 and the pressure chamber 8 an increased pressure can be generated. If the primary chamber 13 is connected by means of the valve 11 to the leakage line 14, the return of the piston 26 and the refilling of the pressure chamber 8 takes place.
  • one or more springs can be provided. By means of the pressure intensification thus a first fuel system pressure will be generated.
  • the nozzle chamber 16 and a local pressure accumulator space 28 remain under pressure when the pressure intensifier is relieved of pressure by valve 11. This is a constant fuel pressure at the injector 10. An injection at any time is possible, even if the pressure booster 9 is not activated and thus compresses no fuel in the compression chamber 8. A second low fuel system pressure is generated which can be used for injection. If necessary, the pressure level in the pressure storage chamber 28 can be adjusted to a desired pressure by means of a pressure relief valve 29 . The pressure in the accumulator chamber 28 can be reduced via the valve 29 to its opening pressure. Thus, preferably, a low pressure level of about 300 to 500 bar can be set. This can then be z. B.
  • the size of the pressure storage chamber 28 must be designed according to the desired injection curve.
  • the local pressure storage space is used only for a small pre-injection and a short boot phase. Then it can be very small and possibly represented by the existing lines and rooms.
  • FIG. 3 shows another control of the pressure booster 9 with a 2/2-way valve 31 in a fuel injector 32 .
  • the piston 26 is not completely hydraulically pressure compensated in the deactivated state when resetting. An increased spring force compensates for this.
  • a second (lower) fuel system pressure is provided which provides a baseline fuel pressure in the system.
  • the second fuel system pressure is generated by a high-pressure fuel pump 39 . If required, this second fuel system pressure can be stored in a central pressure accumulator 33.
  • the second fuel system pressure is to the pressure chamber 8 and the nozzle chamber 16th connected.
  • the nozzle chamber 16 is therefore always at fuel pressure applied.
  • This fuel pressure can be used for an injection at any time can be used and can thus be used e.g. for a pre-injection or a boot phase to be used.
  • a pressure control may be provided for pressure accumulator 33. Will the 2. System pressure selected higher than the oil pressure of the working fluid, then learns the Piston a hydraulic restoring force and it can with space problems on a return spring can be dispensed with.
  • a fuel injection device 35 according to FIG. 5 corresponds to that in FIG. 4. Instead of the hydraulic oil, fuel is used to control the injector 10.
  • a central pressure booster 36 can also be used (fuel injection device 37 of FIG. 6 ).
  • a pressure storage space 33 can also be used for pressure control and / or vibration damping.
  • Fig. 7 shows a further circuit possibility, wherein the 3/2-way valve 11 is provided for controlling the pressure booster 9 of a fuel injection device 38 having a central pressure storage space 33.
  • the piston experiences a hydraulic restoring force and it can be dispensed with space problems on a return spring.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injection device according to the preamble of claim 1

Zur Einbringung von Kraftstoff in direkteinspritzende Dieselmotoren sind sowohl hub- als druckgesteuerte Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtungen bekannt. Zum besseren Verständnis der Beschreibung und der Patentansprüche werden nachfolgend einige Begriffe erläutert: Die Kraftstoffeinspritzung gemäß der Erfindung kann sowohl hubgesteuert als auch druckgesteuert durchgeführt werden. Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird unter einer hubgesteuerten Kraftstoffeinspritzung verstanden, dass das Öffnen und Schließen der Einspritzöffnung mit Hilfe eines verschieblichen Ventilglieds aufgrund des hydraulischen Zusammenwirkens der Drücke in einem Düsenraum und in einem Steuerraum erfolgt. Eine Druckabsenkung innerhalb des Steuerraums bewirkt einen Hub des Ventilglieds. Alternativ kann das Auslenken des Ventilglieds durch ein Stellglied (Aktor, Aktuator) erfolgen. Bei einer druckgesteuerten Kraftstoffeinspritzung gemäß der Erfindung wird durch den im Düsenraum eines Injektors herrschenden Kraftstoffdruck das Ventilglied gegen die Wirkung einer Schließkraft (Feder) bewegt, so dass die Einspritzöffnung für eine Einspritzung des Kraftstoffs aus dem Düsenraum in den Zylinder freigegeben wird. Der Druck, mit dem Kraftstoff aus dem Düsenraum in einen Zylinder einer Brennkraftmaschine austritt, wird als Einspritzdruck bezeichnet, während unter einem Systemdruck der Druck verstanden wird, unter dem Kraftstoff innerhalb der Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung zur Verfügung steht bzw. bevorratet ist. Kraftstoffzumessung bedeutet, eine definierte Kraftstoffmenge zur Einspritzung bereitzustellen. Unter Leckage ist eine Menge an Kraftstoff zu verstehen, die beim Betrieb der Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung entsteht (z.B. eine Führungsleckage), nicht zur Einspritzung verwendet und zum Kraftstofftank zurückgefördert wird. Das Druckniveau dieser Leckage kann einen Standdruck aufweisen, wobei der Kraftstoff anschließend auf das Druckniveau des Kraftstofftanks entspannt wird. For introducing fuel into direct injection diesel engines are both hub known as pressure-controlled fuel injectors. For the better An understanding of the specification and claims will become more apparent below Terms explained: The fuel injection according to the invention can be both stroke controlled as well as pressure controlled. As part of the Invention is understood by a stroke-controlled fuel injection, that the opening and closing of the injection opening by means of a sliding Valve member due to the hydraulic interaction of the pressures in one Nozzle space and takes place in a control room. A pressure drop within the Control chamber causes a stroke of the valve member. Alternatively, the deflecting of the valve member by an actuator (actuator, actuator) done. At a pressure controlled fuel injection according to the invention is characterized by in the Nozzle chamber of an injector prevailing fuel pressure the valve member against the Action of a closing force (spring) moves, so that the injection port for a Injection of the fuel from the nozzle chamber is released into the cylinder. The pressure, with the fuel from the nozzle chamber into a cylinder one Internal combustion engine outlet, referred to as injection pressure, while under a system pressure the pressure is understood to be below the fuel within the pressure Fuel injection device is available or stockpiled. Fuel metering means a defined amount of fuel for injection provide. Leakage is an amount of fuel to be understood during the event Operation of the fuel injector occurs (e.g., a pilot leak), not used for injection and fed back to the fuel tank. The Pressure level of this leakage may have a stand pressure, the Fuel is then relaxed to the pressure level of the fuel tank.

Es ist auch aus der US 4 844 035 bekannt, einen Druckverstärker einzusetzen, um neben dem Raildruck einen weiteren unterschiedlichen Einspritzdruck zur Verfügung zu haben. Die Verwendung eines separaten Arbeitsmediums (z.B. Hydrauliköl) zur Betätigung des Druckverstärkers hat den Nachteil, dass es nicht mehr möglich ist, den Raildruck als Einspritzdruck zu verwenden.It is also known from US Pat. No. 4,844,035 to use a pressure booster in addition to the rail pressure to have another different injection pressure available. The Use of a separate working medium (e.g., hydraulic oil) to operate the Pressure booster has the disadvantage that it is no longer possible, the rail pressure to be used as injection pressure.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Zur Ausbildung einer flexiblen Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung, welche ein separates Arbeitsmedium (Hydrauliköl) zur Betätigung des Druckverstärkers nutzt, wird erfindungsgemäß eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung gemäß Patentanspruch 1 vorgeschlagen.To form a flexible fuel injector, which is a separate Working fluid (hydraulic oil) is used to operate the pressure booster is According to the invention, a fuel injection device according to claim 1 proposed.

Erfindungsgemäße Weiterbildungen sind in den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 4 enthalten.Inventive developments are contained in the claims 2 to 4.

Zur Erhöhung der Flexibilität einer Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung wird zusätzlich zu dem Kraftstoffdruck des hydraulikölbetätigten Druckverstärkers (1. Systemdruck) ein weiterer 2. (niederer) Kraftstoff-Systemdruck erzeugt, der zur Einspritzung verwendet werden kann. Der 2. Systemdruck wird bei Bedarf in einem Druckspeicherraum gespeichert und liegt ständig am Injektor an. Es kann eine flexible Einspritzverlaufsformung und eine Mehrfacheinspritzung dargestellt werden. Zur Erzeugung kann eine separate Hochdruckpumpe verwendet werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, den Kraftstoffdruck mit einem zentralen Druckverstärker zu erzeugen. Vorteilhafterweise kann der 2. Systemdruck auch durch Speicherung einer Teilmenge des vom DV komprimierten Kraftstoffes bereitgestellt werden.To increase the flexibility of a fuel injector is in addition to the fuel pressure of the hydraulic oil operated pressure booster (1st system pressure) another 2nd (lower) fuel system pressure generated for injection can be used. The 2nd system pressure is in one if necessary Accumulator stored and is constantly on the injector. It can be one flexible Einspritzverlaufsformung and a multiple injection shown become. For generating a separate high pressure pump can be used. But it is also possible, the fuel pressure with a central pressure booster to create. Advantageously, the 2nd system pressure can also be stored a subset of the fuel compressed by the DV.

Wird der Kraftstoffdruck höher gewählt als der Öldruck im Druckspeicherraum dann wirkt auf einen Kolben des lokalen Druckverstärkers eine hydraulische Rückstellkraft. Somit kann die notwendige Rückstellfeder verkleinert werden oder sogar entfallen. Dies ergibt einen großen Bauraumvorteil, der besonders bei Integration des Druckverstärkers in den Injektor wichtig ist. If the fuel pressure is set higher than the oil pressure in the accumulator chamber then acts on a piston of the local pressure booster a hydraulic Restoring force. Thus, the necessary return spring can be reduced or even omitted. This results in a large space advantage, especially at Integration of the booster in the injector is important.

Zeichnungdrawing

Sieben Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung sind in der schematischen Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
die Verwendung von Hydrauliköl zur Betätigung eines lokalen Druckverstärkers und zur Ansteuerung eines Injektors;
Fig. 2
die Verwendung von Hydrauliköl zur Betätigung des lokalen Druckverstärkers und von Kraftstoff zur Ansteuerung des Injektors;
Fig. 3
eine andere Ansteuerung des Druckverstärkers bei Verwendung von Hydrauliköl zur Betätigung des lokalen Druckverstärkers und zur Ansteuerung des Injektors;
Fig.4
die Verwendung von Hydrauliköl zur Betätigung des lokalen Druckverstärkers und zur Ansteuerung des an einen zentralen Druckspeicherraum angeschlossenen Injektors;
Fig. 5
die Verwendung von Hydrauliköl zur Betätigung des lokalen Druckverstärkers und von Kraftstoff zur Ansteuerung des an einen zentralen Druckspeicherraum angeschlossenen Injektors;
Fig. 6
die Verwendung eines zentralen Druckverstärkers;
Fig. 7
eine weitere Ansteuerung des lokalen Druckverstärkers.
Seven embodiments of the fuel injection device according to the invention are shown in the schematic drawing and are explained in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1
the use of hydraulic oil to operate a local booster and to control an injector;
Fig. 2
the use of hydraulic oil to operate the local booster and fuel to drive the injector;
Fig. 3
another control of the pressure booster when using hydraulic oil to actuate the local booster and to drive the injector;
Figure 4
the use of hydraulic oil for actuating the local pressure booster and for controlling the injector connected to a central pressure storage chamber;
Fig. 5
the use of hydraulic oil to actuate the local booster and fuel to control the injector connected to a central pressure reservoir;
Fig. 6
the use of a central booster;
Fig. 7
a further control of the local pressure booster.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Bei dem in der Fig. 1 dargestellten ersten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung 1 wird ein Vorratsbehälter 2 für ein Arbeitsmedium (z.B. Hydrauliköl) und ein Vorratsbehälter 3 für Kraftstoff verwendet. Eine Hochdruckpumpe 4 fördert das Arbeitsmedium Hydrauliköl in einen zentralen Druckspeicherraum 5, in dem das Hydrauliköl auf einen regelbaren Systemdruck von ca. 50 bar bis 250 bar komprimiert und gespeichert wird. Durch den Druckspeicherraum 5 wird also eine Arbeitsmedium-Hochdruckquelle bereitgestellt.In the example shown in Fig. 1 first embodiment of a fuel injector 1, a supply container 2 for a working medium (for example hydraulic oil) and a reservoir 3 is used for fuel. A high-pressure pump 4 conveys the working fluid hydraulic oil into a central pressure storage chamber 5, in which the hydraulic oil is compressed and stored at an adjustable system pressure of approximately 50 bar to 250 bar. By the pressure storage chamber 5 so a working medium high pressure source is provided.

Eine Niederdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 6 fördert Kraftstoff 3 über eine Zuleitung 7 in eine Druckkammer 8 eines Druckverstärkers 9. Jedem Injektor 10 ist ein lokaler Druckverstärker 9 zugeordnet. In der Figur 1 sind lediglich ein Druckverstärker 9 und ein Injektor 10 eingezeichnet. Mit Hilfe eines 3/2-Wege-Ventil 11 ist die Ansteuerung des Druckverstärkers 9 durchführbar, indem eine Zuleitung 12 zu einer Primärkammer 13 des Druckverstärkers 9 entweder an einen Öl-Rücklauf 14 oder an den Druckspeicherraum 5 angeschlossen werden kann. Die Druckkammer 8 ist über ein Rückschlagventil 15 mit einem Düsenraum 16 des Injektors 10 verbunden, so dass ein Druckaufbau in dem Düsenraum 16 stattfinden kann. Ein an den Druckspeicherraum 5 angeschlossener Steueraum 17 des Injektors 10 läßt sich mit Hilfe eines 2/2-Wege-Ventils 18 und einer Druckentlastungsdrossel 19 mit einem Öl-Rücklauf 20 verbinden, so dass der Druck im Steuerraum 17 beeinflußt werden kann.A low-pressure fuel pump 6 delivers fuel 3 via a supply line 7 into a pressure chamber 8 of a pressure booster 9. Each injector 10 is assigned a local pressure booster 9. In FIG. 1, only one pressure amplifier 9 and one injector 10 are shown. With the help of a 3/2-way valve 11 , the control of the pressure booster 9 can be carried out by a supply line 12 can be connected to a primary chamber 13 of the booster 9 either to an oil return 14 or to the pressure storage chamber 5. The pressure chamber 8 is connected via a check valve 15 with a nozzle chamber 16 of the injector 10, so that a pressure build-up in the nozzle chamber 16 can take place. A connected to the accumulator chamber 5 control chamber 17 of the injector 10 can be connected by means of a 2/2-way valve 18 and a pressure relief throttle 19 with an oil return 20 , so that the pressure in the control chamber 17 can be influenced.

Die Einspritzung erfolgt über eine Kraftstoffzumessung mit Hilfe einer in einer Führungsbohrung axial verschiebbaren Düsennadel 21, die mit einer Ventilsitzfläche am Injektorgehäuse des Injektors 10 zusammenwirkt. An der Ventilsitzfläche des Injektorgehäuses sind Einspritzöffnungen vorgesehen. Innerhalb des Düsenraums 16 ist eine in Öffnungsrichtung der Düsennadel 21 weisende Druckfläche dem dort herrschenden Druck ausgesetzt, der über die Zuleitung 22 dem Düsenraum 16 zugeführt wird. Koaxial zu einer Ventilfeder 23 greift ferner an der Düsennadel 21 ein Druckstück 24 an, das den Steuerraum 17 begrenzt. Der Steuerraum 17 hat vom Kraftstoffdruckanschluß her einen Zulauf mit einer ersten Drossel 25 und einen Ablauf über den Öl-Rücklauf 20 und das 2/2-Wege-Ventil 18. The injection takes place via a fuel metering with the aid of a nozzle needle 21, which is axially displaceable in a guide bore and which cooperates with a valve seat surface on the injector housing of the injector 10. On the valve seat surface of the injector housing injection openings are provided. Within the nozzle chamber 16, a pressure surface pointing in the opening direction of the nozzle needle 21 is exposed to the pressure prevailing there, which is supplied to the nozzle chamber 16 via the feed line 22 . Coaxial with a valve spring 23 also engages the nozzle needle 21 to a pressure piece 24 , which limits the control chamber 17. The control chamber 17 has from the fuel pressure port ago an inlet with a first throttle 25 and a drain over the oil return 20 and the 2/2-way valve 18th

Der Düsenraum 16 setzt sich über einen Ringspalt zwischen der Düsennadel 21 und der Führungsbohrung bis an die Ventilsitzfläche des Injektorgehäuses fort. Über den Druck im Steuerraum 17 wird das Druckstück 24 in Schließrichtung druckbeaufschlagt.The nozzle chamber 16 is placed over an annular gap between the nozzle needle 21st and the guide bore continues to the valve seat surface of the injector housing. about the pressure in the control chamber 17, the pressure piece 24 in the closing direction pressurized.

Die Steuerung des Injektors 10 erfolgt hydraulisch durch das Zusammenwirken der Drücke im Düsenraum 16 und im Steuerraum 17 (bei entsprechender Auslegung der Druckflächen). Bei geöffnetem Ventil 18 sinkt der Druck im Steuerraum 17 und die Düsennadel 21 gibt die Einspritzöffnungen frei. Die Einspritzung beginnt. Bei geschlossenem Ventil 18 baut sich im Steuerraum 17 wieder ein Raildruck auf und die Düsennadel 21 schließt die Einspritzöffnung.The control of the injector 10 is hydraulically by the interaction of the Pressures in the nozzle chamber 16 and in the control chamber 17 (with appropriate design the pressure surfaces). When the valve 18 is open, the pressure in the control chamber 17 and the nozzle needle 21 releases the injection openings. The injection begins. at closed valve 18 is built in the control chamber 17 again a rail pressure and the nozzle needle 21 closes the injection opening.

Zur Einspritzung von Kraftstoff mit einem gegenüber dem Druckspeicherraum 5 erhöhten Systemdruck ist jedem Injektor 10 jeweils ein lokaler Druckverstärker 9 zugeordnet. Der Druckverstärker 9 umfasst das 3/2-Wege-Ventil 11 zur Ansteuerung, ein Rückschlagventil und einen Kolben 26. Der bewegliche Kolben 26 trennt die an den Druckspeicherraum 5 anschließbare Primärkammer 13 von einer mit dem mindestens einen Injektor 10 verbundenen und mit Kraftstoff gefüllten Druckkammer 8. Der Kolben 26 kann einenends druckbeaufschlagt werden. Ein Differenzraum 27 ist mittels einer Leckageleitung druckentlastet, so dass der Kolben 26 zur Verringerung des Volumens der Druckkammer 8 verschoben werden kann. Der Kolben 26 wird in Kompressionsrichtung bewegt, so dass der in der Druckkammer 8 befindliche Kraftstoff verdichtet und dem Steuerraum 17 und einem Düsenraum 16 zugeführt wird. Ein Rückschlagventil verhindert den Rückfluss von komprimiertem Kraftstoff in den Kraftstofftank. Mittels eines geeigneten Flächenverhältnisses in der Primärkammer 13 und der Druckkammer 8 kann ein erhöhter Druck erzeugt werden. Wird die Primärkammer 13 mit Hilfe des Ventils 11 an die Leckageleitung 14 angeschlossen, so erfolgt die Rückstellung des Kolbens 26 und die Wiederbefüllung der Druckkammer 8. Zur Verbesserung des Rückstellverhaltens können eine oder mehrere Federn vorgesehen sein. Mittels der Druckübersetzung wird somit ein erster Kraftstoff-Systemdruck erzeugt werden. In order to inject fuel with a system pressure that is increased relative to the pressure accumulator space 5, each injector 10 is assigned a respective local pressure booster 9. The pressure booster 9 comprises the 3/2-way valve 11 for driving, a check valve and a piston 26. The movable piston 26 separates the connectable to the pressure accumulator 5 primary chamber 13 of a connected to the at least one injector 10 and filled with fuel pressure chamber 8. The piston 26 can be pressurized at one end. A differential space 27 is depressurized by means of a leakage line, so that the piston 26 can be moved to reduce the volume of the pressure chamber 8. The piston 26 is moved in the compression direction, so that the fuel in the pressure chamber 8 is compressed and the control chamber 17 and a nozzle chamber 16 is supplied. A check valve prevents the return of compressed fuel into the fuel tank. By means of a suitable area ratio in the primary chamber 13 and the pressure chamber 8, an increased pressure can be generated. If the primary chamber 13 is connected by means of the valve 11 to the leakage line 14, the return of the piston 26 and the refilling of the pressure chamber 8 takes place. To improve the restoring behavior, one or more springs can be provided. By means of the pressure intensification thus a first fuel system pressure will be generated.

Durch das Rückschlagventil 15 bleiben der Düsenraum 16 und ein lokaler Druckspeicherraum 28 unter Druck, wenn der Druckverstärkers durch Ventil 11 druckentlastet wird. Damit liegt ein ständiger Kraftstoffdruck am Injektor 10 an. Eine Einspritzung zu beliebigen Zeitpunkten ist möglich, auch wenn der Druckverstärker 9 nicht angesteuert ist und somit keinen Kraftstoff im Kompressionsraum 8 verdichtet. Es wird ein zweiter niederer Kraftstoff-Systemdruck erzeugt, der zur Einspritzung verwendet werden kann. Das Druckniveau im Druckspeicherraum 28 kann bei Bedarf durch ein Überdruckventil 29 auf einen gewünschten Druck eingestellt werden. Der Druck im Druckspeicherraum 28 kann sich dazu über das Ventil 29 bis zu dessen Öffnungsdruck abbauen. Somit kann vorzugsweise ein niederes Druckniveau von ca. 300 bis 500 bar eingestellt werden. Damit läßt sich dann z. B. eine Voreinspritzung, eine Bootphase einer Haupteinspritzung und eine abgesetzte Nacheinspritzung für die Regeneration von Abgasnachbehandlungs-Systemen darstellen. Die Größe des Druckspeicherraums 28 muß entsprechend dem gewünschten Einspritzverlauf ausgelegt werden. Vorzugsweise wird der lokale Druckspeicherraum nur für eine kleine Voreinspritzung und eine kurze Bootphase verwendet. Dann kann er sehr klein sein und evtl. durch die vorhandenen Leitungen und Räume dargestellt werden.By the check valve 15, the nozzle chamber 16 and a local pressure accumulator space 28 remain under pressure when the pressure intensifier is relieved of pressure by valve 11. This is a constant fuel pressure at the injector 10. An injection at any time is possible, even if the pressure booster 9 is not activated and thus compresses no fuel in the compression chamber 8. A second low fuel system pressure is generated which can be used for injection. If necessary, the pressure level in the pressure storage chamber 28 can be adjusted to a desired pressure by means of a pressure relief valve 29 . The pressure in the accumulator chamber 28 can be reduced via the valve 29 to its opening pressure. Thus, preferably, a low pressure level of about 300 to 500 bar can be set. This can then be z. B. represent a pre-injection, a boot phase of a main injection and a remote post-injection for the regeneration of exhaust aftertreatment systems. The size of the pressure storage chamber 28 must be designed according to the desired injection curve. Preferably, the local pressure storage space is used only for a small pre-injection and a short boot phase. Then it can be very small and possibly represented by the existing lines and rooms.

Zur Ansteuerung des Injektors 10 wird bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 2 (Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung 30) komprimierter Kraftstoff aus dem Düsenbereich an Stelle des Hydrauliköls aus dem Druckspeicher 5 verwendet. Der Druckspeicherraum 28 ist entsprechend ausgelegt.For controlling the injector 10, in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 (fuel injector 30 ) compressed fuel from the nozzle area is used instead of the hydraulic oil from the pressure accumulator 5. The accumulator chamber 28 is designed accordingly.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine andere Ansteuerung des Druckverstärkers 9 mit einem 2/2-WegeVentil 31 bei einer Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung 32. Der Kolben 26 ist im deaktivierten Zustand beim Rückstellen nicht vollständig hydraulisch druckausgeglichen. Eine erhöhte Federkraft gleicht dies aus. FIG. 3 shows another control of the pressure booster 9 with a 2/2-way valve 31 in a fuel injector 32 . The piston 26 is not completely hydraulically pressure compensated in the deactivated state when resetting. An increased spring force compensates for this.

Um dies anders zu lösen, kann ein erhöhter Kraftstoffvordruck verwendet werden. Gemäß Fig. 4 ist bei einer Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung 34 ein zweiter (niederer) Kraftstoff-Systemdruck vorgesehen, der einen Kraftstoff-Grunddruck im System bereit stellt. Der 2. Kraftstoff-Systemdruck wird von einer Kraftstoff-Hochdruckpumpe 39 erzeugt. Bei Bedarf kann dieser 2. Kraftstoff-Systemdruck in einem zentralen Druckspeicher 33 gespeichert werden.To solve this differently, an increased fuel pressure can be used. Referring to Fig. 4 , at a fuel injector 34, a second (lower) fuel system pressure is provided which provides a baseline fuel pressure in the system. The second fuel system pressure is generated by a high-pressure fuel pump 39 . If required, this second fuel system pressure can be stored in a central pressure accumulator 33.

Der 2. Kraftstoff-Systemdruck ist an die Druckkammer 8 und den Düsenraum 16 angeschlossen. Der Düsenraum 16 ist daher stets mit Kraftstoffdruck beaufschlagt. Dieser Kraftstoffdruck kann zu jeder Zeit für eine Einspritzung genutzt werden und kann damit z.B. für eine Voreinspritzung oder eine Bootphase benutzt werden.The second fuel system pressure is to the pressure chamber 8 and the nozzle chamber 16th connected. The nozzle chamber 16 is therefore always at fuel pressure applied. This fuel pressure can be used for an injection at any time can be used and can thus be used e.g. for a pre-injection or a boot phase to be used.

Für den Druckspeicher 33 kann eine Druckregelung vorgesehen sein. Wird der 2. Systemdruck höher gewählt als der Öldruck des Arbeitsmediums, dann erfährt der Kolben eine hydraulische Rückstellkraft und es kann bei Bauraumproblemen auf eine Rückstellfeder verzichtet werden.For pressure accumulator 33, a pressure control may be provided. Will the 2. System pressure selected higher than the oil pressure of the working fluid, then learns the Piston a hydraulic restoring force and it can with space problems on a return spring can be dispensed with.

Eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung 35 gemäß Fig. 5 entspricht der zu Fig. 4. An Stelle des Hydrauliköls wird hier Kraftstoff zur Ansteuerung des Injektors 10 verwendet.A fuel injection device 35 according to FIG. 5 corresponds to that in FIG. 4. Instead of the hydraulic oil, fuel is used to control the injector 10.

Zu Erzeugung des 2. Kraftstoff-Systemdruck (Kraftstoffgrunddruck) kann an Stelle einer Hochdruckpumpe auch ein zentraler Druckverstärker 36 verwendet werden (Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung 37 der Fig. 6). Dabei kann zur Druckregelung und/oder Schwingungsdämpfung ebenfalls ein Druckspeicherraum 33 verwendet werden.To generate the second fuel system pressure (basic fuel pressure), instead of a high-pressure pump, a central pressure booster 36 can also be used (fuel injection device 37 of FIG. 6 ). In this case, a pressure storage space 33 can also be used for pressure control and / or vibration damping.

Fig. 7 zeigt eine weitere Schaltungsmöglichkeit, wobei das 3/2-Wege-Ventil 11 zur Steuerung des Druckverstärkers 9 einer Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung 38 mit einem zentralen Druckspeicherraum 33 vorgesehen ist. Bei dieser Schaltungsmöglichkeit erfährt der Kolben eine hydraulische Rückstellkraft und es kann bei Bauraumproblemen auf eine Rückstellfeder verzichtet werden. Fig. 7 shows a further circuit possibility, wherein the 3/2-way valve 11 is provided for controlling the pressure booster 9 of a fuel injection device 38 having a central pressure storage space 33. In this circuit option, the piston experiences a hydraulic restoring force and it can be dispensed with space problems on a return spring.

Claims (7)

  1. Fuel injection device (1; 30; 32; 34; 35; 37; 38) for internal combustion engines, having at least one lift-controlled injector (10), a local pressure booster (9), which includes a movable piston (26) and is assigned to the injector (10), being connected between the at least one injector (10) and a high-pressure working medium source (5), the movable piston (26) separating a primary chamber (13), which can be connected to the high-pressure working medium source (5), from a pressure chamber (8), which is connected to the at least one injector (10) and filled with fuel, the pressure booster (9) generating a first fuel system pressure in the injector (10), which is used for injection, characterized in that the fuel injection device (1; 30; 32; 34; 35; 37; 38) has means for providing a further, second fuel system pressure, which can be used for injection without activation of the pressure booster (9).
  2. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that there are means for generating the second fuel system pressure from the first fuel system pressure compressed by the pressure booster (9).
  3. Fuel injection device according to Claim 2, characterized in that there are separate local reservoirs for providing the second fuel pressure for each injector (10).
  4. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there are common means for providing the second fuel pressure for all the injectors (10).
  5. Fuel injection device according to Claim 4, characterized in that a central reservoir is provided for the second fuel pressure.
  6. Fuel injection device according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a high-pressure pump is provided for generating the second central fuel pressure.
  7. Fuel injection device according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a pressure booster is provided for generating the second fuel pressure.
EP02727209A 2001-03-14 2002-03-12 Fuel injection device Expired - Lifetime EP1370762B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10112154 2001-03-14
DE10112154A DE10112154A1 (en) 2001-03-14 2001-03-14 Fuel injection system
PCT/DE2002/000860 WO2002073024A1 (en) 2001-03-14 2002-03-12 Fuel injection device

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EP1370762A1 EP1370762A1 (en) 2003-12-17
EP1370762B1 true EP1370762B1 (en) 2005-08-17

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JP (1) JP2004518872A (en)
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US6814057B2 (en) 2004-11-09
JP2004518872A (en) 2004-06-24
DE10112154A1 (en) 2002-09-26
WO2002073024A1 (en) 2002-09-19
US20030183198A1 (en) 2003-10-02
EP1370762A1 (en) 2003-12-17
DE50203953D1 (en) 2005-09-22

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