EP1369192A1 - Method for determining the position of the liquidus tip of a continuous casting by applying an oscillation - Google Patents

Method for determining the position of the liquidus tip of a continuous casting by applying an oscillation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1369192A1
EP1369192A1 EP03005763A EP03005763A EP1369192A1 EP 1369192 A1 EP1369192 A1 EP 1369192A1 EP 03005763 A EP03005763 A EP 03005763A EP 03005763 A EP03005763 A EP 03005763A EP 1369192 A1 EP1369192 A1 EP 1369192A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
oscillation
strand
continuous casting
tip
der
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EP03005763A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1369192B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfram Jung
Ingo Dr. Schubert
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SMS Siemag AG
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SMS Demag AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/20—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the frictional force between at least two elements of a mechanical system, one of the elements is subjected to a forced movement, in particular a vibration, for example between an oscillating mold and a strand shell or between the oscillating bowl and the liquid core of the cast product, primarily to determine the bottom of a sump inside a cast strand its exit from the mold with a core surrounding a liquid metal Strand shell, due to increasing heat emission with growing Thickness extends to the solidus point of the swamp tip, and then a solidified one Continuous casting product, in particular forms a continuous casting slab.
  • a forced movement in particular a vibration
  • a vibration for example between an oscillating mold and a strand shell or between the oscillating bowl and the liquid core of the cast product
  • a method for producing is known from document EP 0 980 295 B1 of steel slabs, the guidance of a strand using guide rollers is continuously adjusted.
  • the jaw width of the guide rollers with a predefinable amplitude oscillating around a center line when extending of the strand changed in such a way that the dynamic influences on the guide rollers and the strand shell is negligibly small and not plastic Deformation of the strand shell occurs; the current jaw width is recorded; at the same time the actuating force of the adjusting elements and the amplitude of the actuating force determined, and with increasing amplitude of the actuating force, the mouth width is opened a predeterminable dimension is set and / or via at least one adjusting element pressure controlled.
  • the course of the actuating force has Form of a hysteresis, the spread of the actuating force, based on an associated Mouth width as a measure of the viscosity of the liquid in the slab Bottom, and depending on the viscosity determined conclusions on the Position of the sump tip are pulled, and the mouth width adjustment adjusted becomes.
  • Document EP 0 350 431 B1 describes a process for the continuous casting of Slabs with a reduced thickness compared to the as-cast state, whereby a partially solidified strand guided between pairs of rollers, by means of driven Rolls pulled off and individual rolls acting deformable with respect to the strand are employable.
  • the speed, the current consumption of the driven Rolls and their contact pressure recorded and fed to a controller.
  • the speed governing the speed of individual driven rollers is via a higher-level one Regulator adjustable so that by at least one against stops adjustable, which determines the thickness of the strand, on a solidified one Part of the strand deforming acting roller pair the gauge block and the withdrawal speed of the strand is determined.
  • Upstream or downstream Roles are in the speed and power consumption of their drives depending on the change in shape of the strand produced by the rollers set, the current consumption, reaction force of the Stranges and the roller spacing determines the position of the sump tip and the contact pressure the roles are set so that the swamp tip before at least an adjustable against stops at a predetermined distance Pair of roles lies.
  • the document DE-OS 25 30 032 discloses a method and an apparatus for Determination of those acting on a continuous casting during its solidification Forces in which the cast body emerges from a mold and between passes through several pairs of rollers and in a plane at a distance below the The mold froze over its entire cross-section.
  • the level of complete solidification becomes more common by measuring on a large number of pairs of rollers Pressure forces and comparing the measured values on different pairs of rollers Determination of the pair of rollers determined, beyond that no further The load increases.
  • the document DE-OS 34 23 977 A1 describes a method for contactless Measurement of the solidified surface layer of a metal casting with non-solidified Inner core.
  • An alternating magnetic field is applied to the casting, whereby the strength of the eddy currents generated in the casting by a measuring coil device is measured without contact.
  • the thickness of a solidified surface layer is determined from the strength of the eddy currents according to the difference of the specific electrical resistance between a non-solidified molten Determined part and a solidified part of the casting.
  • JP 11083814 A describes a method for determining the solidification state of a casting. It is one with electromagnetic Element acting on a casting supersonically in cooperation with one to provide the supersonic signal receiving switching system, which the Intensity of the propagating ultrasound waves recorded, evaluated and together compares.
  • the position of the sump tip can thus be derived from the phase angle ( ⁇ ).
  • the object of the invention based on demonstrating a method by which the mechanical or dynamic Properties of a forced oscillatory system measured and for the direct determination of the system status of a cast strand can be used to precisely determine the position of the swamp tip.
  • an oscillation is forced on the continuous casting product with the aid of an element, for example a roller frame of the continuous casting system, and the mechanical power or work applied in a coordinate system broken down into apparent (P S ), active (P w ) and reactive power (P B ) or work, and the position of the sump peak is determined from a phase angle ( ⁇ ) which can be derived therefrom in accordance with these proportions.
  • an element for example a roller frame of the continuous casting system
  • the invention takes advantage of the fact that the mechanical or dynamic Properties of a cast slab depending on their Consistency, e.g. B. solid or liquid or the mixtures in the removal of change the mold outlet to the end of the swamp.
  • Consistency e.g. B. solid or liquid or the mixtures in the removal of change the mold outlet to the end of the swamp.
  • the ratio of active power (work) to reactive power (work) changes or apparent power (work) and can be used to determine the phase angle ( ⁇ ) be evaluated. This then characterizes the current status the consistency of the system or slab.
  • the determined phase angle evaluated as a significant feature of the mechanical system and for Determination of the position of the swamp tip used.
  • the coordinate system shows that at maximum reactive power P B, the angle of P S to 90 ° is, the effective power P W to zero decreases, whereas in tendential decrease in the reactive power P B to zero, the effective power P W against a maximum tends.
  • this method is without or can be implemented with only very little mechanical and drive-related effort (e.g. CyberLink segments, resonance molds).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

To determine the peak of the bottoms in a continuous casting assembly, and register the friction forces between at least two of the elements in the mechanical system, the casting is subjected to an oscillation by one of the mechanical elements e.g. a roll stand. The mechanical rating is divided in a co-ordinate system to give apparent, actual and blind ratings, to give a phase angle (psi) to show the peak of the bottoms. Preferred Features: The oscillation is at a frequency of 0.5-10.0 Hz and preferably 1-4 Hz, and at an amplitude of 0.1-1.0 mm and preferably 0.2-0.4 mm.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Reibkraft zwischen wenigstens zwei Elementen eines mechanischen Systems, wobei eines der Elemente einer erzwungenen Bewegung, insbesondere einer Schwingung, ausgesetzt ist, beispielsweise zwischen einer oszillierenden Kokille und einer Strangschale oder zwischen der oszillierenden Schale und dem flüssigen Kern des Gussproduktes, vornehmlich zur Ermittlung der Sumpfspitze im Innern eines Gussstranges nach dessen Austritt aus der Kokille mit einer einen Kern aus flüssigem Metall umgehenden Strangschale, die infolge zunehmender Wärmeabgabe mit wachsender Dicke bis zum Solidus-Punkt der Sumpfspitze reicht, und dann ein durcherstarrtes Stranggussprodukt, insbesondere eine Stranggussbramme ausbildet.The invention relates to a method for determining the frictional force between at least two elements of a mechanical system, one of the elements is subjected to a forced movement, in particular a vibration, for example between an oscillating mold and a strand shell or between the oscillating bowl and the liquid core of the cast product, primarily to determine the bottom of a sump inside a cast strand its exit from the mold with a core surrounding a liquid metal Strand shell, due to increasing heat emission with growing Thickness extends to the solidus point of the swamp tip, and then a solidified one Continuous casting product, in particular forms a continuous casting slab.

Bei der Erzeugung von Brammen werden üblicherweise Stranggießanlagen mit Plattenkokillen verwendet, aus welchen der Gussstrang die Kokille mit von einer erstarrten Strangschale zunehmender Dicke umschlossener Flüssigschmelze verlässt. Ein Rollengerüst dient dabei dem Zweck, den noch nicht völlig durcherstarrten Strang zu stützen und zu formen. Dabei ist es aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen von Vorteil, möglichst eine so große Gießgeschwindigkeit einzustellen, dass die Durcherstarrung des Stranges idealerweise "an der letzten Rolle" vollendet ist. When producing slabs, continuous casting plants are usually used Plate molds used, from which the cast strand of the mold with one solidified strand shell of increasing thickness of enclosed liquid melt leaves. A roller stand serves the purpose that has not yet completely hardened Support and shape the strand. It is for economic reasons It is advantageous to set the casting speed as high as possible that the solidification of the strand is ideally completed "on the last roll".

Ist die Gießgeschwindigkeit zu gering, dann wird die Länge der Anlage nicht ausreichend genutzt, es geht Produktivität verloren; ist die Gießgeschwindigkeit zu hoch, kann sich ein sogenannter "Walfisch" bilden, wobei die Bramme völlig die Form verliert und ein sofortiger Gießabbruch die Folge wäre.If the casting speed is too slow, the length of the system will not be sufficient used, productivity is lost; the casting speed is too high, a so-called "whale" can form, the slab completely Loses shape and an immediate stop of the pouring would result.

Daraus ergibt sich für den Gießbetrieb die Forderung, möglichst exakt festzustellen, an welcher Stelle innerhalb einer Bramme die Sumpfspitze liegt bzw. wo die Position der beginnenden Durcherstarrung sich befindet.This results in the requirement for the foundry to determine as precisely as possible at which point within a slab the swamp tip is located or where the Position of the beginning solidification is.

Hierzu gibt es einerseits gewisse Erfahrungswerte der Anlagenbetreiber und andererseits seit einiger Zeit auch Rechenmodelle, mit welchen zum Teil online die Lage der Sumpfspitze mittels aktueller Randbedingungen errechenbar ist. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass auch leistungsfähige, z. B. Thermal Trekking-Programme, nicht in der Lage sind, ohne äußerst aufwendige Optimierungen die Lage der Sumpfspitze mit zufriedenstellender Genauigkeit und Spontaneität zu ermitteln.On the one hand there are certain empirical values of the plant operators and on the other hand for some time also computing models, with which the situation is partly online the bottom of the swamp can be calculated using current boundary conditions. It has However, it has been shown that powerful, e.g. B. Thermal trekking programs, are not able to do that without extremely expensive optimizations Location of the swamp tip with satisfactory accuracy and spontaneity determine.

Bekannt ist aus dem Dokument EP 0 980 295 B1 ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Brammen aus Stahl, wobei die Führung eines Stranges mit Hilfe von Führungsrollen stufenlos eingestellt wird. Dabei wird die Maulweite der Führungsrollen mit einer vorgebbaren Amplitude oszillierend um eine Mittellinie beim Ausziehen des Stranges in der Weise geändert, dass die dynamischen Einflüsse auf die Führungsrollen und die Strangschale vernachlässigbar klein sind und keine plastische Verformung der Strangschale auftritt; es wird die aktuelle Maulweite erfasst; gleichzeitig wird die Stellkraft der Verstellelemente sowie die Amplitude der Stellkraft ermittelt, und bei steigender Amplitude der Stellkraft wird die Maulweite auf ein vorgebbares Maß eingestellt und/oder über mindestens ein Verstellelement druckgeregelt geführt. Der Verlauf der Stellkraft besitzt in zweiter Näherung die Form einer Hysterese, wobei die Ausbreitung der Stellkraft, bezogen auf eine zugehörige Maulweite als Maß der Viskosität des in der Bramme befindlichen flüssigen Sumpfes, und in Abhängigkeit der ermittelten Viskosität Rückschlüsse auf die Position der Sumpfspitze gezogen werden, sowie die Maulweitenverstellung angepasst wird.A method for producing is known from document EP 0 980 295 B1 of steel slabs, the guidance of a strand using guide rollers is continuously adjusted. The jaw width of the guide rollers with a predefinable amplitude oscillating around a center line when extending of the strand changed in such a way that the dynamic influences on the guide rollers and the strand shell is negligibly small and not plastic Deformation of the strand shell occurs; the current jaw width is recorded; at the same time the actuating force of the adjusting elements and the amplitude of the actuating force determined, and with increasing amplitude of the actuating force, the mouth width is opened a predeterminable dimension is set and / or via at least one adjusting element pressure controlled. In a second approximation, the course of the actuating force has Form of a hysteresis, the spread of the actuating force, based on an associated Mouth width as a measure of the viscosity of the liquid in the slab Bottom, and depending on the viscosity determined conclusions on the Position of the sump tip are pulled, and the mouth width adjustment adjusted becomes.

Das Dokument EP 0 350 431 B1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Stranggießen von Brammen mit einer gegenüber dem Gusszustand verringerten Dicke, wobei ein teilweise erstarrter Strang zwischen Rollenpaaren geführt, mittels angetriebener Rollen abgezogen und einzelne Rollen gegenüber dem Strang verformbar wirkend anstellbar sind. Zur Herstellung eines Produktes mit hohem Anteil an Walzgefüge, das coilfähig ist, werden die Drehzahl, die Stromaufnahme der angetriebenen Rollen und deren Anpressdruck erfasst und je einem Regler zugeführt. Jeder die Drehzahl einzelner angetriebener Rollen bestimmende Regler ist über einen übergeordneten Regler derart einstellbar, dass durch mindestens ein, gegen Anschläge anstellbares, die Dicke des Stranges bestimmendes, auf einen bereits durcherstarrten Teil des Stranges verformend einwirkendes Rollenpaar das Endmaß und die Abzugsgeschwindigkeit des Stranges bestimmt wird. Vorgeordnete bzw. nachgeordnete Rollen werden in der Drehzahl und der Stromaufnahme ihrer Antriebe in Abhängigkeit von der durch die Rollen erzeugten Formänderung des Stranges eingestellt, wobei aus den Messwerten Stromaufnahme, Reaktionskraft des Stranges und der Rollenabstand die Lage der Sumpfspitze ermittelt und die Anpressdrücke der Rollen derart eingestellt werden, dass die Sumpfspitze vor wenigstens einem gegen Anschläge auf einen vorbestimmbaren Abstand einstellbaren Rollenpaar liegt.Document EP 0 350 431 B1 describes a process for the continuous casting of Slabs with a reduced thickness compared to the as-cast state, whereby a partially solidified strand guided between pairs of rollers, by means of driven Rolls pulled off and individual rolls acting deformable with respect to the strand are employable. For the manufacture of a product with a high proportion of roller structure, that is coil-capable, the speed, the current consumption of the driven Rolls and their contact pressure recorded and fed to a controller. Everyone the The speed governing the speed of individual driven rollers is via a higher-level one Regulator adjustable so that by at least one against stops adjustable, which determines the thickness of the strand, on a solidified one Part of the strand deforming acting roller pair the gauge block and the withdrawal speed of the strand is determined. Upstream or downstream Roles are in the speed and power consumption of their drives depending on the change in shape of the strand produced by the rollers set, the current consumption, reaction force of the Stranges and the roller spacing determines the position of the sump tip and the contact pressure the roles are set so that the swamp tip before at least an adjustable against stops at a predetermined distance Pair of roles lies.

Das Dokument DE-OS 25 30 032 offenbart ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der auf einen Stranggusskörper während seiner Verfestigung einwirkenden Kräfte, bei dem der Gusskörper aus einer Kokille austritt und zwischen mehreren Walzenpaaren durchläuft und in einer Ebene mit Abstand unterhalb der Kokille über seinen ganzen Querschnitt erstarrt. Die Ebene der vollständigen Verfestigung wird durch Messen an einer Vielzahl von Walzenpaaren auftretender Druckkräfte und Vergleichen der Messwerte an verschiedenen Walzenpaaren zur Bestimmung desjenigen Walzenpaares ermittelt, jenseits dessen kein weiterer Anstieg der Belastung erfolgt.The document DE-OS 25 30 032 discloses a method and an apparatus for Determination of those acting on a continuous casting during its solidification Forces in which the cast body emerges from a mold and between passes through several pairs of rollers and in a plane at a distance below the The mold froze over its entire cross-section. The level of complete solidification becomes more common by measuring on a large number of pairs of rollers Pressure forces and comparing the measured values on different pairs of rollers Determination of the pair of rollers determined, beyond that no further The load increases.

Das Dokument DE-OS 34 23 977 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur berührungslosen Messung der erstarrten Randschicht eines Gussteils aus Metall mit nicht erstarrtem Innenkern. An das Gussteil wird ein magnetisches Wechselfeld angelegt, wodurch die Stärke der im Gussteil erzeugten Wirbelströme durch eine Messspuleneinrichtung berührungslos gemessen wird. Die Dicke einer erstarrten Randschicht wird aus der Stärke der Wirbelströme gemäß dem Unterschied des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstands zwischen einem nicht erstarrten geschmolzenen Teil und einem erstarrten Teil des Gussstücks bestimmt.The document DE-OS 34 23 977 A1 describes a method for contactless Measurement of the solidified surface layer of a metal casting with non-solidified Inner core. An alternating magnetic field is applied to the casting, whereby the strength of the eddy currents generated in the casting by a measuring coil device is measured without contact. The thickness of a solidified surface layer is determined from the strength of the eddy currents according to the difference of the specific electrical resistance between a non-solidified molten Determined part and a solidified part of the casting.

Das Dokument JP 11083814 A beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Erstarrungszustandes eines Gussstücks. Es besteht darin, ein mit elektromagnetischem Überschall auf ein Gussstück einwirkendes Element im Zusammenwirken mit einem das Überschallsignal empfangenden Schaltsystem vorzusehen, welches die Intensität der sich ausbreitenden Ultraschallwellen erfasst, auswertet und miteinander vergleicht.JP 11083814 A describes a method for determining the solidification state of a casting. It is one with electromagnetic Element acting on a casting supersonically in cooperation with one to provide the supersonic signal receiving switching system, which the Intensity of the propagating ultrasound waves recorded, evaluated and together compares.

Das Dokument JP 63174770 beschreibt ein anderes Verfahren zur Ermittlung des nicht erstarrten Endes eines Gussstranges. Eine Vielzahl von Rollen sind beim horizontalen Bereich einer Stranggießanlage vorgesehen und mit einer Anzahl von Drucksensoren in axialer Richtung der Oberflächen von diesen Rollen versehen. Dadurch wird beim Stranggießprozess der seitliche Druck im Strang durch in der Rolle vorhandene Sensoren erfasst. In einem Bereich, in dem ein noch flüssiger Teil des Stranges in dessen Innern existiert, wird die seitliche Druckkraft infolge geringer Dehnung erfasst. Auf diese Weise wird die Position und die Form des nicht erstarrten Teils im Gussstrang aufgespürt.

  • 1. Die Bramme ist durcherstarrt.
    Der Strang verhält sich dabei in erster Näherung wie eine Stahlfeder. Durch die Oszillation wird nur in sehr geringem Maße Energie in das System eingebracht und damit auch praktisch keine Wirkleistung benötigt, der Phasenwinkel (ϕ) ist vergleichsweise groß.
  • 2. Die Bramme enthält flüssigen Sumpf.
    Dieser Bereich ist geprägt durch einen hohen Anteil an flüssigem Metall. Durch die Oszillation erfolgt im flüssigen Bereich keine elastische Verformung. Für diese nicht elastische Verformung wird im Gegensatz zur Durcherstarrung Wirkleistung benötigt, z. B. für das Hin- und Herpumpen der flüssigen Schmelze.
    Der Phasenwinkel (ϕ) ist vergleichsweise klein.
  • 3. Übergangsbereich zur Sumpfspitze.
    Da hier sowohl elastische als auch nicht elastische Verformung stattfindet, bewegt sich der Phasenwinkel (ϕ) im mittleren Bereich.
    • Document JP 63174770 describes another method for determining the non-solidified end of a cast strand. A plurality of rollers are provided in the horizontal area of a continuous caster and are provided with a number of pressure sensors in the axial direction of the surfaces of these rollers. As a result, the lateral pressure in the strand is detected by sensors in the roll during the continuous casting process. In an area in which a still fluid part of the strand exists inside, the lateral compressive force due to slight expansion is recorded. In this way, the position and the shape of the non-solidified part in the cast strand are found.
  • 1. The slab has solidified.
    In the first approximation, the strand behaves like a steel spring. Due to the oscillation, only a very small amount of energy is introduced into the system and therefore practically no active power is required, the phase angle (ϕ) is comparatively large.
  • 2. The slab contains liquid sump.
    This area is characterized by a high proportion of liquid metal. Due to the oscillation there is no elastic deformation in the liquid area. In contrast to solidification, active power is required for this non-elastic deformation, e.g. B. for pumping the liquid melt back and forth.
    The phase angle (ϕ) is comparatively small.
  • 3. Transition area to the swamp tip.
    Since both elastic and non-elastic deformation take place here, the phase angle (ϕ) is in the middle range.

    • Somit lässt sich aus dem Phasenwinkel (ϕ) die Lage der Sumpfspitze ableiten.The position of the sump tip can thus be derived from the phase angle (ϕ).

    Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand des in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated below with reference to the drawings Embodiment explained in more detail.

    Es zeigen:

    Figur 1
    den Phasenwinkel (ϕ) der Scheinleistung im Koordinatensystem in Abhängigkeit von der Wirkleistung PW der Abszisse, und der Blindleistung PB der Ordinate,
    Show it:
    Figure 1
    the phase angle (ϕ) of the apparent power in the coordinate system as a function of the active power P W of the abscissa, and the reactive power P B of the ordinate,

    Ausgehend vom vorgenannten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren aufzuzeigen, durch welches die mechanischen bzw. dynamischen Eigenschaften eines aufgezwungenen oszillatorisch bewegten Systems gemessen und zur direkten Ermittlung des Systemzustandes eines Gussstranges herangezogen werden, um die Lage der Sumpfspitze genau festzulegen.Starting from the aforementioned prior art, the object of the invention based on demonstrating a method by which the mechanical or dynamic Properties of a forced oscillatory system measured and for the direct determination of the system status of a cast strand can be used to precisely determine the position of the swamp tip.

    Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der im Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 genannten Art erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, dass dem Stranggussprodukt mit Hilfe eines Elementes, beispielsweise eines Rollengerüstes der Stranggussanlage, eine Oszillation aufgezwungen wird und dabei die aufgebrachte mechanische Leistung bzw. Arbeit in einem Koordinatensystem anteilig in Schein- (PS), Wirk- (Pw) und Blindleistung (PB) bzw. Arbeit zerlegt, und aus einem daraus herleitbaren Phasenwinkel (ϕ) nach Maßgabe dieser Anteile die Position der Sumpfspitze ermittelt wird.To achieve the object, in a method of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, it is proposed according to the invention that an oscillation is forced on the continuous casting product with the aid of an element, for example a roller frame of the continuous casting system, and the mechanical power or work applied in a coordinate system broken down into apparent (P S ), active (P w ) and reactive power (P B ) or work, and the position of the sump peak is determined from a phase angle (ϕ) which can be derived therefrom in accordance with these proportions.

    Dabei macht sich die Erfindung zu Nutze, dass sich die mechanischen bzw. dynamischen Eigenschaften einer gegossenen Bramme in Abhängigkeit von deren Konsistenz, z. B. fest oder flüssig bzw. der Mischungen, in der Entfernung von dem Kokillen-Auslauf bis zum Sumpfende ändern.The invention takes advantage of the fact that the mechanical or dynamic Properties of a cast slab depending on their Consistency, e.g. B. solid or liquid or the mixtures in the removal of change the mold outlet to the end of the swamp.

    Dabei ändert sich das Verhältnis von Wirkleistung (-arbeit), Blindleistung (-arbeit) bzw. Scheinleistung (-arbeit) und kann zur Bestimmung des Phasenwinkels (ϕ) ausgewertet werden. Dieser charakterisiert dann den jeweils aktuellen Zustand der Konsistenz des Systems bzw. der Bramme. Dabei wird der ermittelte Phasenwinkel als signifikantes Merkmal des mechanischen Systems ausgewertet und zur Bestimmung der Position der Sumpfspitze herangezogen.The ratio of active power (work) to reactive power (work) changes or apparent power (work) and can be used to determine the phase angle (ϕ) be evaluated. This then characterizes the current status the consistency of the system or slab. The determined phase angle evaluated as a significant feature of the mechanical system and for Determination of the position of the swamp tip used.

    Zwingt man der Bramme z. B. mit Hilfe eines Rollengerüstes eine Oszillation auf, so können drei Zustände unterschieden werden:

    Figur 2
    den Phasenwinkel (ϕ) in Abhängigkeit von der Durcherstarrung einer Bramme unterhalb einer Kokille.
    If you force the slab z. If, for example, an oscillation is created using a roller stand, three states can be distinguished:
    Figure 2
    the phase angle (ϕ) depending on the solidification of a slab below a mold.

    In der Figur 1 lässt das Koordinatensystem erkennen, dass bei maximaler Blindleistung PB, wobei der Winkel von PS gegen 90° geht, die Wirkleistung PW gegen Null abnimmt, wogegen bei tendenzieller Abnahme der Blindleistung PB gegen Null die Wirkleistung PW gegen ein Maximum tendiert.In the figure 1, the coordinate system shows that at maximum reactive power P B, the angle of P S to 90 ° is, the effective power P W to zero decreases, whereas in tendential decrease in the reactive power P B to zero, the effective power P W against a maximum tends.

    In der Figur 2 sind die Systemzustände

  • a) Bramme mit flüssigem Sumpf,
  • b) Bramme durcherstarrt, und
  • c) Übergangsbereich zur Sumpfspitze
    • bei entsprechenden Positionen der Bramme unterhalb der Kokille, sowie die Position der letzten Rolle des Rollengerüstes dargestellt. Das Diagramm zeigt deutlich die Größe des Phasenwinkels ϕ, der den einzelnen Systemzuständen der Bramme entspricht. Mit der Erfindung ergeben sich die folgenden Vorteile:The system states are shown in FIG
  • a) slab with liquid sump,
  • b) solidified slab, and
  • c) Transition area to the swamp tip
    • with corresponding positions of the slab below the mold, as well as the position of the last roll of the roller stand. The diagram clearly shows the size of the phase angle ϕ, which corresponds to the individual system states of the slab. The invention has the following advantages:

    Direkte Messung des Systemzustandes, keine indirekte Berechnung. Dadurch erhöhte Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit.Direct measurement of the system status, no indirect calculation. Thereby increased accuracy and reliability.

    Je nach Beschaffenheit des bereits vorhandenen Systems ist diese Methode ohne bzw. mit nur sehr geringem mechanischem und antriebstechnischen Aufwand realisierbar (z. B. CyberLink-Segmente, Resonanzkokillen).Depending on the nature of the existing system, this method is without or can be implemented with only very little mechanical and drive-related effort (e.g. CyberLink segments, resonance molds).

    Das System kann bis in Grenzzustände hinein sicher genutzt werden:

    • Bei der Strangführung:
      • Die Sumpfspitze kann "bis zur letzten Rolle getrieben werden". Das bedeutet eine Maximierung der Produktivität.
      • Die Dynamische Softreduction wird präziser und damit effektiver, da sie genauer in den Bereich der Sumpfspitze gelegt werden kann.
        Das bedeutet eine Verbesserung der Brammenqualität.
    • Bei der Kokille:
      • Reibkraftvisualisierung zur Klebeerkennung des gegossenen Stranges an der Kokille ohne Thermoelemente.
        Das bedeutet geringere Investitionen, geringerer Erhaltungsaufwand, sowie höhere Zuverlässigkeit.
    The system can be used safely even in limit states:
    • For strand guidance:
      • The swamp tip can "be driven to the last roll". That means maximizing productivity.
      • Dynamic soft reduction becomes more precise and therefore more effective because it can be placed more precisely in the area of the swamp tip.
        This means an improvement in the slab quality.
    • For the mold:
      • Visualization of frictional force to detect the adhesive of the cast strand on the mold without thermocouples.
        That means less investment, less maintenance, and higher reliability.

    Claims (7)

    Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Reibkraft zwischen wenigstens zwei Elementen eines mechanischen Systems, wobei eines der Elemente einer erzwungenen Bewegung, insbesondere einer Schwingung, ausgesetzt ist, beispielsweise zwischen einer oszillierenden Kokille und einer Strangschale oder zwischen der oszillierende Strangschale und dem flüssigen Kern des Gussproduktes, vornehmlich zur Ermittlung der Sumpfspitze im Innern eines Gussstranges nach dessen Austritt aus der Kokille mit einer einen Kern aus flüssigem Metall umgehenden Strangschale, die infolge zunehmender Wärmeabgabe mit wachsender Dicke bis zum Solidus-Punkt der Sumpfspitze reicht, und dann ein durcherstarrtes Stranggussprodukt, insbesondere eine Stranggussbramme ausbildet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Stranggussprodukt mit Hilfe eines Elementes, beispielsweise eines Rollengerüstes der Stranggussanlage, eine Oszillation aufgezwungen wird und dabei die aufgebrachte mechanische Leistung bzw. Arbeit in einem Koordinatensystem anteilig in Schein- (PS), Wirk- (PW) und Blindleistung bzw. Arbeit (PB) zerlegt, und aus einem daraus herleitbaren Phasenwinkel (ϕ) des Koordinatensystems nach Maßgabe dieser Anteile die Position der Sumpfspitze ermittelt wird.     Method for determining the frictional force between at least two elements of a mechanical system, one of the elements being subjected to a forced movement, in particular a vibration, for example between an oscillating mold and a strand shell or between the oscillating strand shell and the liquid core of the cast product, primarily for Determination of the swamp tip inside a cast strand after its exit from the mold with a strand shell surrounding a core made of liquid metal, which extends to the solidus point of the sump tip with increasing thickness due to increasing heat output, and then forms a solidified continuous cast product, in particular a continuous cast slab,
    characterized in that an oscillation is forced on the continuous casting product with the aid of an element, for example a roller frame of the continuous casting installation, and the mechanical power or work applied in a coordinate system is proportional to apparent (P S ), active (P W ) and reactive power or work (P B ), and the position of the swamp tip is determined from a phase angle (ϕ) of the coordinate system which can be derived therefrom in accordance with these proportions.         Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Oszillationsfrequenz zwischen 0,5 und 10 Hz und vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 4 Hz eingestellt wird.    Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that an oscillation frequency between 0.5 and 10 Hz and preferably between 1 and 4 Hz is set.         Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Oszillationsamplitude zwischen 0,1 und 1 mm und vorzugsweise zwischen 0,2 und 0,4 mm eingestellt wird.    Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that an oscillation amplitude between 0.1 and 1 mm and preferably between 0.2 and 0.4 mm is set.         Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Oszillationsfrequenz und/oder Oszillationsamplitude während der Messung modifiziert werden.    The method of claim 1, 2 or 3,
    characterized in that the oscillation frequency and / or oscillation amplitude are modified during the measurement.         Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der gesamte Segmentoberrahmen des Rollengerüstes oszilliert wird.    Method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the entire segment upper frame of the roller stand is oscillated.         Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Segmenteinlauf bzw. der Segmentauslauf des Rollengerüstes oszilliert wird.    Method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the segment inlet or the segment outlet of the roller stand is oscillated.         Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oszillationsenergie direkt in die entsprechenden Segmente des Rollengerüstes beispielsweise über deren Hydraulikzylinder eingeleitet wird.    Method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the oscillation energy is introduced directly into the corresponding segments of the roller stand, for example via their hydraulic cylinders.
    EP03005763A 2002-05-31 2003-03-14 Method for determining the position of the liquidus tip of a continuous casting by applying an oscillation Expired - Lifetime EP1369192B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE10224533 2002-05-31
    DE10224533A DE10224533A1 (en) 2002-05-31 2002-05-31 Method for determining the frictional force in a system exposed to forced vibrations

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1369192A1 true EP1369192A1 (en) 2003-12-10
    EP1369192B1 EP1369192B1 (en) 2005-07-20

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP03005763A Expired - Lifetime EP1369192B1 (en) 2002-05-31 2003-03-14 Method for determining the position of the liquidus tip of a continuous casting by applying an oscillation

    Country Status (3)

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    EP (1) EP1369192B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE299764T1 (en)
    DE (2) DE10224533A1 (en)

    Cited By (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    EP1525931A1 (en) * 2003-10-24 2005-04-27 Ingo Dr. Schubert Arrangement for determining the consistency of a cast strand and/ or the roll opening in a continuous casting machine .
    WO2007115744A1 (en) * 2006-04-05 2007-10-18 Sms Demag Ag Method and device for determining the core solidification and/or the liquid crater tip during the continuous casting of metals, in particular steel materials
    WO2008040519A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-10 Betriebsforschungsinstitut VDEh-Institut für angewandte Forschung GmbH Method for determining a liquid phase inside a billet already solidified on the surface thereof
    ITMI20121185A1 (en) * 2012-07-05 2014-01-06 Danieli Off Mecc METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CLOSING POSITION OF THE LIQUID CONE IN THE CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METAL PRODUCTS

    Citations (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE19720768C1 (en) * 1997-05-07 1999-01-14 Mannesmann Ag Method and device for producing steel slabs
    DE10039016A1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2002-02-21 Sms Demag Ag Process for producing steel slabs

    Patent Citations (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE19720768C1 (en) * 1997-05-07 1999-01-14 Mannesmann Ag Method and device for producing steel slabs
    DE10039016A1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2002-02-21 Sms Demag Ag Process for producing steel slabs

    Cited By (6)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    EP1525931A1 (en) * 2003-10-24 2005-04-27 Ingo Dr. Schubert Arrangement for determining the consistency of a cast strand and/ or the roll opening in a continuous casting machine .
    WO2007115744A1 (en) * 2006-04-05 2007-10-18 Sms Demag Ag Method and device for determining the core solidification and/or the liquid crater tip during the continuous casting of metals, in particular steel materials
    WO2008040519A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-10 Betriebsforschungsinstitut VDEh-Institut für angewandte Forschung GmbH Method for determining a liquid phase inside a billet already solidified on the surface thereof
    ITMI20121185A1 (en) * 2012-07-05 2014-01-06 Danieli Off Mecc METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CLOSING POSITION OF THE LIQUID CONE IN THE CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METAL PRODUCTS
    WO2014006195A1 (en) * 2012-07-05 2014-01-09 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. Method for determining a stretch of casting line including the closing position of the liquid cone of a continuously cast metal product
    US9399252B2 (en) 2012-07-05 2016-07-26 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. Method for determining a stretch of casting line including the closing position of the liquid cone of a continuously cast metal product

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE50300792D1 (en) 2005-08-25
    ATE299764T1 (en) 2005-08-15
    DE10224533A1 (en) 2003-12-18
    EP1369192B1 (en) 2005-07-20

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