EP1366641B1 - Ceramic cooktop - Google Patents
Ceramic cooktop Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1366641B1 EP1366641B1 EP02702359A EP02702359A EP1366641B1 EP 1366641 B1 EP1366641 B1 EP 1366641B1 EP 02702359 A EP02702359 A EP 02702359A EP 02702359 A EP02702359 A EP 02702359A EP 1366641 B1 EP1366641 B1 EP 1366641B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- ceramic
- intermediate layer
- tio
- zro
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 80
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ceramic hob with a hotplate made of glass ceramic or glass, with an electrical heating conductor layer, with an insulating layer between the hotplate and the heating conductor layer, and with an electrically conductive Intermediate layer between the hotplate and the insulating layer.
- Such a ceramic hob is known from DE 31 05 065 C2 and known from US 6 037 572.
- the hotplate according to DE 31 05 065 C2 consists of glass ceramic, a metallic layer on the underside, for example is applied by a spray process on which again a ceramic insulating layer by a Spraying process is applied, finally on a heating element evaporated or applied in a spraying process is.
- thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used While such ceramic hobs must be designed for operating temperatures of up to about 600 ° C, considerable problems can arise due to the differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used. While the thermal expansion coefficient for a glass ceramic, for example for a Ceran® glass ceramic from Schott, is in the order of magnitude of ⁇ 0.15 x 10 -6 K -1 , the thermal expansion coefficient of ceramic materials is significantly higher. For example, the thermal expansion coefficient "for Al 2 O 3 is approximately 8 x 10 -6 K -1 . In contrast, the thermal expansion coefficients of metals are significantly higher.
- the application procedure for the individual shifts includes the thermal spraying has become known because of this on relative applied a variety of materials in a cost-effective manner can be. Because of the high speed and the high temperature is usually a sufficiently good one Liability reached.
- layers should be thicker than about 100 microns are applied because of the differences the coefficient of thermal expansion between the Glass ceramic and the other layers mostly substantial Adhesion problems.
- aluminum oxide layers which have the necessary dielectric strength and thus a thickness of the order of a few hundred have ⁇ m, although easily produced by thermal spraying, however, there are usually cracks or the layers tend to flake off during use, because of the rapid changes in temperature during the Operating significant thermal stresses arise.
- the dielectric strength requirements can be reduced be when according to DE 31 05 065 C2 or according to US 6 037 572 between the insulating layer and the hotplate an electrically conductive layer is applied that is grounded becomes. In such a case, enough for the ceramic Insulation layer has a dielectric strength of approximately 1500 volts to ensure the necessary operational safety in accordance with VDE guarantee.
- the layer thickness of the ceramic insulating layer be significantly reduced, causing the problems due to of the different thermal expansions is reduced become.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a ceramic hob to improve in accordance with the type mentioned at the beginning, that the operational safety of the ceramic hob improves and a good long-term resistance in rough everyday use is guaranteed.
- This task is performed on a ceramic hob according to the above mentioned type according to the invention solved in that the Intermediate layer a thermally sprayed layer from a is electrically conductive ceramic or from a cermet.
- the intermediate layer in the form of a electrically conductive ceramics will be a much better match of the coefficient of expansion of the intermediate layer to the Coefficient of expansion of the hotplate almost reached is zero because the coefficient of expansion of suitable ceramic materials is significantly lower than the coefficient of expansion of metals. Even when using a The cermet layer results from a metallic Matrix embedded ceramic particles a reduced thermal expansion, reducing the thermal stresses be reduced.
- the intermediate layer is an oxide layer, which is lost due to oxygen loss thermal spraying is electrically conductive.
- the intermediate layer can be made, in particular, of TiO 2 , of a mixture of Al 2 O 3 with a TiO 2 content of at least 50% by weight, preferably of at least 90% by weight, of ZrO 2 , of a mixture of Al 2 O 3 with ZrO 2 with a proportion of ZrO 2 of at least 50 wt .-%, preferably of at least 90 wt .-%, of a mixture of TiO 2 and ZrO 2, or of a mixture of Al 2 O 3 with TiO 2 and ZrO 2 with a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, of TiO 2 and ZrO 2 .
- These intermediate layers made of TiO 2-x , ZrO 2-x or from mixtures of Al 2 O 3 with TiO 2-x and / or ZrO 2-x have particularly good adhesion to a glass ceramic surface. Thermal spraying reduces the oxygen content to such an extent that this material becomes electrically conductive.
- TiO 2-x with x 0.1 a volume conductivity of about 10 3 ohm x cm to about 5 x 10 2 ohm x cm (at room temperature).
- TiO 2-x appears to be particularly suitable for use as a conductive intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer can also consist of one Cermet can be made with a metal matrix. It points the metal matrix preferably at least one of the components Nickel, cobalt and chrome.
- the Intermediate layer made of a cermet with a metal matrix, which is an alloy of the main components nickel, Is cobalt and chrome.
- Particles of carbide such as from tungsten carbide, chromium carbide or the like, be stored.
- This adhesion promoter layer preferably consists of Aluminum oxide, titanium oxide or mixtures thereof and is preferably applied by thermal spraying.
- the insulating layer applied to the intermediate layer is preferably made of cordierite or mullite and is preferably applied by thermal spraying.
- the use of these ceramics to produce the insulating layer has the advantage of a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion which is between approximately 4.3 and 5.0 x 10 -6 K -1 for mullite and between approximately 2.2 and 2.4 x 10 -6 K -1 for cordierite. As a result of the low coefficient of thermal expansion, there are lower stresses in connection with the hotplate made of glass ceramic.
- Fig. 1 is an inventive ceramic hob in cross section shown and designated overall by the number 10.
- the ceramic hob has a hotplate 12 made of glass ceramic, such as Ceran®. This hotplate 12 is used to hold cooking vessels. On the underside of the hotplate 12, a hotplate is generated at different locations. For household purposes, typically four or possibly five hotplates are provided on a ceramic hob. Only one hotplate is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- An intermediate layer of TiO 2 was applied to the underside of the hotplate 12 by thermal spraying. This can be done, for example, by means of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with a layer thickness of approximately 50-250 ⁇ m.
- APS atmospheric plasma spraying
- the respective layers are preferably applied only in the area of the respective hotplates in order to keep the total voltages as low as possible.
- the glass ceramic is cleaned, e.g. degreased with acetone. On thermal spraying otherwise usual pretreatment by sandblasting is omitted, as this would damage the glass ceramic.
- an insulating layer 16 is on in turn by atmospheric plasma spraying sprayed, which preferably consists of cordierite (2MgO ⁇ 2Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 5SiO 2) or consists of mullite (3Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 2SiO 2).
- the layer thickness of the insulating layer 16 depends on the desired one Dielectric strength and the material used from time to time is between about 100 and 500 microns, preferably between about 150 and 300 ⁇ m.
- a heating conductor layer is then placed on the insulating layer 18, approximately in the form of a meander-shaped heating conductor 20 generated.
- the heating conductor 20 can be in a known manner a screen printing process are applied, whereby by a glassy content of mostly more than 5% the flow temperatures can be reduced in such a way in the layer penetration that Baking temperatures between about 500 and 850 ° C, where a dense, closed conductor layer is created.
- the heating conductor layer 18 can also be passed through thermal spraying are generated. To do this, start with a part that is not to be coated in a conventional masking process masked and then the exposed parts by thermal Syringes coated with the heating conductor material.
- the previously covered part can then be removed, see above that a winding heating conductor 20 is formed, the individual Heating conductor tracks are insulated from each other.
- FIG. 2 A modification of the ceramic hob is shown in Fig. 2 and designated overall by the number 10 '.
- the adhesion promoter layer 24 preferably consists of Al 2 O 3 or a mixture of Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 , for example 97% by weight Al 2 O 3 and 3% by weight TiO 2 .
- the adhesion promoter layer 24 is thermally sprayed with a layer thickness of approximately 10 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably by APS.
- the preferred layer thickness is of the order of about 30 to 100 ⁇ m.
- a cermet layer consisting of a nickel / cobalt / chromium alloy with embedded carbide particles (tungsten carbide, chromium carbide etc.) is then sprayed onto the adhesion promoter layer 24.
- the intermediate layer 14 ' is produced with a layer thickness of approximately 50 to 250 ⁇ m, preferably approximately 50 to 100 ⁇ m. Then the insulating layer 16 and the heat conductor layer 18 are then applied in the manner already described with reference to FIG. 1.
- Fig. 1 there is also an annular recess 26 shown, the intermediate layer 14 at its edge region encloses in a ring.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Keramik-Kochfeld mit einer Kochplatte aus Glaskeramik oder Glas, mit einer elektrischen Heizleiterschicht, mit einer Isolierschicht zwischen der Kochplatte und der Heizleiterschicht, und mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Zwischenschicht zwischen der Kochplatte und der Isolierschicht.The invention relates to a ceramic hob with a hotplate made of glass ceramic or glass, with an electrical heating conductor layer, with an insulating layer between the hotplate and the heating conductor layer, and with an electrically conductive Intermediate layer between the hotplate and the insulating layer.
Ein derartiges Keramik-Kochfeld ist aus der DE 31 05 065 C2 und aus der US 6 037 572 bekannt. Such a ceramic hob is known from DE 31 05 065 C2 and known from US 6 037 572.
Die Kochplatte gemäß der DE 31 05 065 C2 besteht aus Glaskeramik, auf deren Unterseite eine metallische Schicht zum Beispiel durch ein Spritzverfahren aufgebracht ist, auf der wiederum eine keramische Isolierschicht gleichfalls durch ein Spritzverfahren aufgebracht ist, auf der schließlich ein Heizleiterelement aufgedampft oder in einem Spritzverfahren aufgebracht ist.The hotplate according to DE 31 05 065 C2 consists of glass ceramic, a metallic layer on the underside, for example is applied by a spray process on which again a ceramic insulating layer by a Spraying process is applied, finally on a heating element evaporated or applied in a spraying process is.
Bekanntlich besitzen Glaskeramiken, die für Kochfelder verwendet werden, eine NTC-Charakteristik, d.h. bei ansteigenden Temperaturen nimmt die elektrische Leitfähigkeit merklich zu. Um einen Stromfluß zwischen einem metallischen Topf bzw. der Oberfläche der Kochplatte und dem Heizleiter zu unterbinden, ist deshalb eine elektrische Isolationsschicht zum Betrieb eines solchen Kochsystems Voraussetzung. Um die notwendigen Sicherheitsanforderungen zu erfüllen, muß das System bei Betriebstemperaturen eine Durchschlagsfestigkeit von 3 750 Volt aufweisen.As is known, have glass ceramics used for hobs an NTC characteristic, i.e. with increasing Temperatures noticeably increase in electrical conductivity. To a current flow between a metallic pot or the To prevent the surface of the hotplate and the heating conductor, is therefore an electrical insulation layer for operation of such a cooking system requirement. To the necessary The system must meet security requirements Operating temperatures a dielectric strength of 3 750 volts exhibit.
Da solche keramischen Kochfelder für Betriebstemperaturen von bis zu etwa 600° C ausgelegt sein müssen, können sich erhebliche Probleme aufgrund der Unterschiede der thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten der verwendeten Materialien ergeben. Während der thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizient für eine Glaskeramik, etwa für eine Glaskeramik der Marke Ceran® von Schott in der Größenordnung von ± 0,15 x 10-6K-1 liegt, sind die thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von keramischen Materialien deutlich höher. So beträgt der thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizient " für Al2O3 beispielsweise etwa 8 x 10-6K-1. Dagegen liegen die thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Metallen noch deutlich höher. Since such ceramic hobs must be designed for operating temperatures of up to about 600 ° C, considerable problems can arise due to the differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used. While the thermal expansion coefficient for a glass ceramic, for example for a Ceran® glass ceramic from Schott, is in the order of magnitude of ± 0.15 x 10 -6 K -1 , the thermal expansion coefficient of ceramic materials is significantly higher. For example, the thermal expansion coefficient "for Al 2 O 3 is approximately 8 x 10 -6 K -1 . In contrast, the thermal expansion coefficients of metals are significantly higher.
Als Auftragsverfahren für die einzelnen Schichten ist u.a. das thermische Spritzen bekannt geworden, da hiermit auf relativ kostengünstige Weise die unterschiedlichste Materialien aufgetragen werden können. Durch die hohe Geschwindigkeit und die hohe Temperatur wird dabei auch meist eine ausreichend gute Haftung erreicht.The application procedure for the individual shifts includes the thermal spraying has become known because of this on relative applied a variety of materials in a cost-effective manner can be. Because of the high speed and the high temperature is usually a sufficiently good one Liability reached.
Sollen jedoch Schichten einer Dicke von mehr als etwa 100 µm aufgetragen werden, so ergeben sich gerade aufgrund der Unterschiede der thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten zwischen der Glaskeramik und den anderen Schichten meist erhebliche Haftungsprobleme. So lassen sich beispielsweise Aluminiumoxid-Schichten, die die notwendige Durchschlagsfestigkeit aufweisen und somit eine Dicke in der Größenordnung von einigen hundert µm besitzen, zwar ohne weiteres durch thermisches Spritzen erzeugen, jedoch ergeben sich hierbei in der Regel Rißbildungen oder die Schichten neigen zum Abplatzen während des Gebrauchs, da infolge der schnellen Temperaturveränderungen während des Betriebs erhebliche thermische Spannungen entstehen.However, layers should be thicker than about 100 microns are applied because of the differences the coefficient of thermal expansion between the Glass ceramic and the other layers mostly substantial Adhesion problems. For example, aluminum oxide layers, which have the necessary dielectric strength and thus a thickness of the order of a few hundred have µm, although easily produced by thermal spraying, however, there are usually cracks or the layers tend to flake off during use, because of the rapid changes in temperature during the Operating significant thermal stresses arise.
Die Anforderungen an die Durchschlagsfestigkeit können reduziert werden, wenn gemäß der DE 31 05 065 C2 oder gemäß der US 6 037 572 zwischen der Isolierschicht und der Kochplatte eine elektrische leitfähige Schicht aufgebracht wird, die geerdet wird. In einem solchen Fall reicht für die keramische Isolierschicht eine Durchschlagsfestigkeit von etwa 1500 Volt aus, um die notwendige Betriebssicherheit nach VDE zu gewährleisten.The dielectric strength requirements can be reduced be when according to DE 31 05 065 C2 or according to US 6 037 572 between the insulating layer and the hotplate an electrically conductive layer is applied that is grounded becomes. In such a case, enough for the ceramic Insulation layer has a dielectric strength of approximately 1500 volts to ensure the necessary operational safety in accordance with VDE guarantee.
Auf diese Weise kann die Schichtdicke der keramischen Isolierschicht deutlich reduziert werden, wodurch die Probleme aufgrund der unterschiedlichen thermischen Ausdehnungen vermindert werden.In this way, the layer thickness of the ceramic insulating layer be significantly reduced, causing the problems due to of the different thermal expansions is reduced become.
Andererseits hat die Verwendung einer metallischen Zwischenschicht gemäß der DE 31 05 065 C2 oder gemäß der US 6 037 572 den Nachteil, daß eine weitere Schicht in den Verbund eingeführt wird, die nochmals einen erheblich höheren thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten als die Kochplatte besitzt, wodurch die Stabilität des Gesamtsystems nachteilig beeinflußt wird.On the other hand, the use of a metallic intermediate layer according to DE 31 05 065 C2 or according to US 6 037 572 the disadvantage that another layer is introduced into the composite which is again a significantly higher thermal Expansion coefficient than the hotplate has, whereby the stability of the overall system is adversely affected.
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Keramik-Kochfeld gemäß der eingangs genannten Art derart zu verbessern, daß die Betriebssicherheit des Keramik-Kochfeldes verbessert wird und eine gute Langzeitbeständigkeit im rauhen Alltagsbetrieb gewährleistet ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of a ceramic hob to improve in accordance with the type mentioned at the beginning, that the operational safety of the ceramic hob improves and a good long-term resistance in rough everyday use is guaranteed.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Keramik-Kochfeld gemäß der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Zwischenschicht eine thermisch gespritzte Schicht aus einer elektrisch leitfähigen Keramik oder aus einem Cermet ist.This task is performed on a ceramic hob according to the above mentioned type according to the invention solved in that the Intermediate layer a thermally sprayed layer from a is electrically conductive ceramic or from a cermet.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird auf diese Weise vollkommen gelöst.The object of the invention is completely achieved in this way.
Durch die Ausbildung der Zwischenschicht in Form einer elektrisch leitfähigen Keramik wird eine erheblich bessere Anpassung des Ausdehnungskoeffizienten der Zwischenschicht an den Ausdehnungskoeffizienten der Kochplatte erreicht, der nahezu null beträgt, da der Ausdehnungskoeffizient von geeigneten keramischen Materialien deutlich niedriger ist als der Ausdehnungskoeffizient von Metallen. Auch bei der Verwendung einer Cermet-Schicht ergibt sich hierbei infolge der in eine metallische Matrix eingelagerten Keramik-Teilchen eine verringerte thermische Ausdehnung, wodurch die thermischen Spannungen reduziert werden.By forming the intermediate layer in the form of a electrically conductive ceramics will be a much better match of the coefficient of expansion of the intermediate layer to the Coefficient of expansion of the hotplate almost reached is zero because the coefficient of expansion of suitable ceramic materials is significantly lower than the coefficient of expansion of metals. Even when using a The cermet layer results from a metallic Matrix embedded ceramic particles a reduced thermal expansion, reducing the thermal stresses be reduced.
Während bei der Verwendung einer Cermet-Schicht eine besonders gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit erreicht werden kann, muß gegebenenfalls bei der Verwendung einer elektrisch leitfähigen Keramik eine etwas reduzierte Leitfähigkeit in Kauf genommen werden. Jedoch hat die Verwendung einer elektrisch leitfähigen Keramik als Zwischenschicht den weiteren Vorteil, daß die Keramik von der Materialauswahl her besser an die Glaskeramik der Kochplatte angepaßt werden kann, wobei durch eine gezielte Materialauswahl eine besonders gute Haftung und geringe thermische Spannungen im Gebrauch erzielt werden können.While using a cermet layer a special one good electrical conductivity can be achieved if necessary when using an electrically conductive Ceramics accepted a somewhat reduced conductivity become. However, the use of an electrically conductive Ceramic as an intermediate layer has the further advantage that the ceramic from the choice of materials better to the glass ceramic of the Hotplate can be adjusted, with a targeted Material selection a particularly good adhesion and low thermal Tensions can be achieved in use.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Zwischenschicht eine Oxidschicht, die durch Sauerstoffverlust beim thermischen Spritzen elektrisch leitfähig ist.In an advantageous development of the invention, the intermediate layer is an oxide layer, which is lost due to oxygen loss thermal spraying is electrically conductive.
Hierbei kann die Zwischenschicht insbesondere aus TiO2, aus einer Mischung von Al2O3 mit einem Anteil an TiO2 von mindestens 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von mindestens 90 Gew.-%, aus ZrO2, aus einer Mischung von Al2O3 mit ZrO2 mit einem Anteil an ZrO2 von mindestens 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von mindestens 90 Gew.-%, aus einer Mischung von TiO2 und ZrO2, oder aus einer Mischung von Al2O3 mit TiO2 und ZrO2 mit einem Anteil von mindestens 50 Gew.-, vorzugsweise von mindestens 90 Gew.-% an TiO2 und ZrO2, hergestellt sein. Here, the intermediate layer can be made, in particular, of TiO 2 , of a mixture of Al 2 O 3 with a TiO 2 content of at least 50% by weight, preferably of at least 90% by weight, of ZrO 2 , of a mixture of Al 2 O 3 with ZrO 2 with a proportion of ZrO 2 of at least 50 wt .-%, preferably of at least 90 wt .-%, of a mixture of TiO 2 and ZrO 2, or of a mixture of Al 2 O 3 with TiO 2 and ZrO 2 with a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, of TiO 2 and ZrO 2 .
Diese Zwischenschichten aus TiO2-x, ZrO2-x oder aus Mischungen von Al2O3 mit TiO2-x und/oder ZrO2-x weisen eine besonders gute Haftung an einer Glaskeramik-Oberfläche auf. Durch das thermische Spritzen wird der Sauerstoffanteil soweit verringert, daß dieses Material elektrisch leitfähig wird.These intermediate layers made of TiO 2-x , ZrO 2-x or from mixtures of Al 2 O 3 with TiO 2-x and / or ZrO 2-x have particularly good adhesion to a glass ceramic surface. Thermal spraying reduces the oxygen content to such an extent that this material becomes electrically conductive.
So ergibt sich beispielsweise für TiO2-x mit x 0,1 eine Volumenleitfähigkeit von etwa 103 Ohm x cm bis etwa 5 x 102 Ohm x cm (bei Raumtemperatur). Infolge der relativ geringen thermischen Ausdehnung von TiO2-x und der besonders guten Affinität von TiO2-x zur Glaskeramik erscheint besonders TiO2-x zur Verwendung als leitfähige Zwischenschicht geeignet.For example, for TiO 2-x with x 0.1 a volume conductivity of about 10 3 ohm x cm to about 5 x 10 2 ohm x cm (at room temperature). As a result of the relatively low thermal expansion of TiO 2-x and the particularly good affinity of TiO 2-x for the glass ceramic, TiO 2-x appears to be particularly suitable for use as a conductive intermediate layer.
Darüber hinaus sind jedoch auch die anderen genannten Materialien ohne weiteres verwendbar, wobei auch andere, chemisch ähnliche Oxide geeignet erscheinen, die während des thermischen Spritzens einen ausreichend hohen Sauerstoffverlust erleiden, um eine ausreichende elektrische Leitfähigkeit zu erhalten.In addition, however, are the other materials mentioned readily usable, with other chemically similar ones Oxides that appear suitable during thermal Have a sufficiently high oxygen loss, to maintain sufficient electrical conductivity.
Wie bereits erwähnt, kann die Zwischenschicht auch aus einem Cermet mit einer Metall-Matrix hergestellt sein. Dabei weist die Metall-Matrix vorzugsweise wenigstens einen der Bestandteile Nickel, Kobalt und Chrom auf.As already mentioned, the intermediate layer can also consist of one Cermet can be made with a metal matrix. It points the metal matrix preferably at least one of the components Nickel, cobalt and chrome.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung dieser Ausführung ist die Zwischenschicht aus einem Cermet mit einer Metall-Matrix hergestellt, die eine Legierung aus den Hauptbestandteilen Nickel, Kobalt und Chrom ist. In an advantageous development of this embodiment, the Intermediate layer made of a cermet with a metal matrix, which is an alloy of the main components nickel, Is cobalt and chrome.
Hierbei können ferner in die Metall-Matrix Partikel aus Carbid, wie etwa aus Wolfram-Carbid, Chrom-Carbid oder dergleichen, eingelagert sein.Particles of carbide, such as from tungsten carbide, chromium carbide or the like, be stored.
Mit einem derartigen Cermet ergibt sich eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit der Zwischenschicht, wobei gleichzeitig durch die keramischen Einlagerungen der thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizient gegenüber einer reinen Metall-Matrix erheblich erniedrigt ist. Die betreffende Metall-Matrix weist ferner eine gute Haftung auf einer Glaskeramik-Oberfläche auf und ist infolge der erhöhten Duktilität geeignet, gewisse thermische Spannungen, die im Betrieb auftreten, aufzufangen bzw. abzubauen.With such a cermet, good electrical results Conductivity of the intermediate layer, at the same time by the ceramic inclusions the coefficient of thermal expansion compared to a pure metal matrix. The metal matrix in question also has good adhesion on a glass ceramic surface and is increased due to the Suitable for ductility, certain thermal stresses that occur in the Operation occur to catch or dismantle.
In zusätzlicher Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist zwischen der elektrisch leitfähigen Zwischenschicht und der Kochplatte eine keramische Haftvermittlerschicht vorgesehen.In an additional development of the invention is between the electrically conductive intermediate layer and the hotplate ceramic adhesive layer is provided.
Diese Haftvermittlerschicht besteht vorzugsweise aus Aluminiumoxid, aus Titanoxid oder aus Mischungen hiervon und ist vorzugsweise durch thermisches Spritzen aufgetragen.This adhesion promoter layer preferably consists of Aluminum oxide, titanium oxide or mixtures thereof and is preferably applied by thermal spraying.
Insbesondere bei Verwendung eines Cermet-Materials als Zwischenschicht führt eine Haftvermittlerschicht zu einer nochmals verbesserten Haftung auf der Glaskeramikoberfläche, wodurch sich insgesamt ein äußerst stabiler Schichtenverbund ergibt, der eine sehr gute Temperaturbeständigkeit und Temperaturwechselfestigkeit aufweist.Especially when using a cermet material as Intermediate layer leads to an adhesion promoter layer again improved adhesion to the glass ceramic surface, which overall, an extremely stable layer composite results, which has a very good temperature resistance and Has resistance to temperature changes.
Die Isolierschicht, die auf die Zwischenschicht aufgetragen ist, besteht vorzugsweise aus Cordierit oder aus Mullit und ist vorzugsweise durch thermisches Spritzen aufgetragen. The insulating layer applied to the intermediate layer is preferably made of cordierite or mullite and is preferably applied by thermal spraying.
Die Verwendung dieser Keramiken zur Erzeugung der Isolierschicht hat den Vorteil eines relativ geringen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten der zwischen etwa 4,3 und 5,0 x 10-6K-1 für Mullit liegt und zwischen etwa 2,2 und 2,4 x 10-6K-1 für Cordierit. Infolge des geringen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten ergeben sich geringere Spannungen in Verbund mit der Kochplatte aus Glaskeramik.The use of these ceramics to produce the insulating layer has the advantage of a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion which is between approximately 4.3 and 5.0 x 10 -6 K -1 for mullite and between approximately 2.2 and 2.4 x 10 -6 K -1 for cordierite. As a result of the low coefficient of thermal expansion, there are lower stresses in connection with the hotplate made of glass ceramic.
Grundsätzlich lassen sich natürlich auch andere keramische Materialien zur Erzeugung der keramischen Isolierschicht verwenden, etwa Al2O3, jedoch ergeben sich bei den vorgenannten Materialien besondere Vorteile wegen des geringen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und der gleichzeitig ausreichend hohen Durchschlagfeldstärke.In principle, of course, other ceramic materials can also be used to produce the ceramic insulating layer, for example Al 2 O 3 , but there are particular advantages in the aforementioned materials because of the low thermal expansion coefficient and the sufficiently high breakdown field strength.
Es versteht sich, daß die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the above and those below Features to be explained not only in each case specified combination, but also in other combinations or can be used alone without the scope of the Leaving invention.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Querschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Keramik-Kochfeld in einer ersten Ausführung und
- Fig. 2
- einen Querschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Keramik-Kochfeld in einer gegenüber Fig. 1 abgewandelten Ausführung.
- Fig. 1
- a cross section through an inventive ceramic hob in a first embodiment and
- Fig. 2
- a cross section through a ceramic hob according to the invention in a modified version compared to FIG. 1.
In Fig. 1 ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Keramik-Kochfeld im Querschnitt
dargestellt und insgesamt mit der Ziffer 10 bezeichnet.In Fig. 1 is an inventive ceramic hob in cross section
shown and designated overall by the
Es versteht sich, daß die Darstellung lediglich beispielhafter Natur ist und daß insbesondere die Größenverhältnisse nicht maßstabsgerecht sind.It is understood that the illustration is only exemplary Is nature and that especially the proportions are not are to scale.
Das Keramik-Kochfeld weist eine Kochplatte 12 aus Glaskeramik,
etwa aus Ceran® auf. Diese Kochplatte 12 dient zur Aufnahme von
Kochgefäßen. Auf der Unterseite der Kochplatte 12 ist an
verschiedenen Stellen jeweils eine Kochstelle erzeugt. Für
Haushaltszwecke sind dabei typischerweise vier oder gegebenenfalls
fünf Kochstellen auf einem Keramik-Kochfeld vorgesehen.
In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist nur jeweils eine Kochstelle gezeigt.
Auf die Unterseite der Kochplatte 12 wurde durch thermisches
Spritzen eine Zwischenschicht aus TiO2 aufgetragen. Dies kann
beispielsweise durch atmosphärisches Plasmaspritzen (APS) mit
einer Schichtdicke von etwa 50 - 250 µm erfolgen. Der Auftrag
der jeweiligen Schichten erfolgt vorzugsweise nur im Bereich
der jeweiligen Kochstellen, um die Gesamtspannungen möglichst
gering zu halten.The ceramic hob has a
Vor dem thermischen Spritzen wird die Glaskeramik gesäubert, z.B. mit Aceton entfettet. Auf die beim thermischen Spritzen sonst übliche Vorbehandlung durch Sandstrahlen wird verzichtet, da dies zu einer Schädigung der Glaskeramik führen würde.Before thermal spraying, the glass ceramic is cleaned, e.g. degreased with acetone. On thermal spraying otherwise usual pretreatment by sandblasting is omitted, as this would damage the glass ceramic.
Nach der Erzeugung der Zwischenschicht 14 wird auf diese
wiederum durch atmosphärisches Plasmaspritzen eine Isolierschicht
16 aufgespritzt, die vorzugsweise aus Cordierit
(2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2) oder aus Mullit (3Al2O3·2SiO2) besteht. After the generation of the
Die Schichtdicke der Isolierschicht 16 hängt von der gewünschten
Durchschlagsfestigkeit und dem verwendeten Material ab und
liegt zwischen etwa 100 und 500 µm, vorzugsweise zwischen etwa
150 und 300 µm.The layer thickness of the insulating
Auf der Isolierschicht wird anschließend eine Heizleiterschicht
18, etwa in Form eines mäanderförmig gewundenen Heizleiters 20
erzeugt. Der Heizleiter 20 kann etwa in bekannter Weise durch
ein Siebdruckverfahren aufgebracht werden, wobei durch einen
glasigen Anteil von meist mehr als 5 % die Fließtemperaturen
beim Schichteneinbrand derart gesenkt werden können, daß sich
Einbrenntemperaturen zwischen etwa 500 und 850° C ergeben, wobei
eine dichte, geschlossene Leiterschicht entsteht.A heating conductor layer is then placed on the insulating
Alternativ hierzu kann auch die Heizleiterschicht 18 durch
thermisches Spritzen erzeugt werden. Hierzu wird zunächst mit
einem üblichen Maskierverfahren der nicht zu beschichtende Teil
maskiert und sodann die freiliegenden Teile durch thermisches
Spritzen mit dem Heizleitermaterial beschichtet.As an alternative to this, the
Der zuvor abgedeckte Teil kann anschließend entfernt werden, so
daß ein gewundener Heizleiter 20 entsteht, dessen einzelne
Heizleiterbahnen voneinander isoliert sind.The previously covered part can then be removed, see above
that a winding
Die Zwischenschicht 14, die aus TiO2 durch thermisches Spritzen
aufgetragen wird, wird infolge des hohen Sauerstoffverlustes
des Titanoxids während des Spritzvorgangs elektrisch leitfähig.
Dabei stellt sich eine Volumenleitfähigkeit von etwa 103 Ohm
x cm bis etwa 5 x 102 Ohm x cm (bei RT) ein. Dies reicht aus,
um die Zwischenschicht 14 wirksam erden zu können, wie durch
die Verbindung mit Masse 22 in Fig. 1 angedeutet ist. Dadurch
wird die für die Isolierschicht 16 erforderliche Durchschlagsfestigkeit
auf etwa 1500 Volt reduziert. Im Fehlerfall wird bei
einem Durchschlag vom Heizleiter 20 auf die Kochplatte 12 ein
an sich bekannter, hier nicht dargestellter Sicherheitsschalter
ausgelöst.The
Eine Abwandlung des Keramik-Kochfeldes ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt und insgesamt mit der Ziffer 10' bezeichnet.A modification of the ceramic hob is shown in Fig. 2 and designated overall by the number 10 '.
Wiederum ist auf die aus Glaskeramik, etwa Ceran®, bestehende
Kochplatte 12 an der Unterseite eine elektrisch leitfähige
Zwischenschicht 14' aufgebracht. Diese Zwischenschicht 14', bei
der es sich um eine Cermet-Schicht handelt, ist jedoch durch
eine auf die Kochplatte 12 aufgespritzte Haftvermittlerschicht
24 getrennt.Again, there is glass ceramic, such as Ceran
Die Haftvermittlerschicht 24 besteht vorzugsweise aus Al2O3
oder aus einer Mischung von Al2O3 und TiO2, z.B. 97 Gew.-% Al2O3
und 3 Gew.-% TiO2. Die Haftvermittlerschicht 24 wird mit einer
Schichtdicke von etwa 10 bis 150 µm thermisch gespritzt, vorzugsweise
durch APS. Die bevorzugte Schichtdicke liegt in der
Größenordnung von etwa 30 bis 100 µm. Auf die Haftvermittlerschicht
24 wird anschließend eine Cermet-Schicht bestehend aus
einer Nickel/Kobalt/Chrom-Legierung mit eingelagerten Carbid-Partikeln
(Wolframcarbid, Chromcarbid etc.) aufgespritzt. Die
Zwischenschicht 14' wird mit einer Schichtdicke von ca. 50 bis
250 µm, vorzugsweise etwa 50 bis 100 µm erzeugt. Hierauf werden
dann anschließend die Isolierschicht 16 und die Heizleiterschicht
18 in der zuvor anhand von Fig. 1 bereits beschriebenen
Weise aufgebracht. The
Wie aus den Figuren gemäß Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 erkennbar, laufen die einzelnen übereinander liegenden Schichten jeweils am Randbereich allmählich aus und gehen so stetig zur jeweils darunter liegenden Schicht über. Außerdem nimmt die Gesamtfläche der einzelnen Schichten zur Heizleiterschicht hin jeweils ab. Auf diese Weise ergeben sich günstige Spannungsverhältnisse in den Randbereichen der jeweiligen Schichten, um so einer Delamination der Schichten entgegenzuwirken.As can be seen from the figures according to FIGS. 1 and 2, run the individual layers lying on top of each other on Gradually out of the border area and go continuously to each underlying layer above. In addition, the Total area of the individual layers towards the heating conductor layer from each. In this way there are favorable Tension relationships in the marginal areas of the respective Layers so as to delaminate the layers counteract.
In Fig. 1 ist zusätzlich noch eine ringförmige Vertiefung 26
dargestellt, die die Zwischenschicht 14 an deren Randbereich
ringförmig umschließt.In Fig. 1 there is also an
Durch diese geringe Vertiefung können Spannungen, die zwischen
der Kochplatte 12 und der Zwischenschicht 14 entstehen,
aufgenommen und teilweise abgebaut werden.Due to this slight depression, tensions between
the
Claims (9)
- A ceramic cooktop comprising a cooking plate (12) of glass ceramic or glass, an electric heat conductor layer (18), an insulating layer (16) between the cooking plate (12) and the heat conductor layer (18), and an electrically conducting grounded intermediate layer (14) between the cooking plate (12) and the insulating layer (16), characterized in that the intermediate layer (14) is a thermally sprayed layer consisting of an electrically conductive ceramic or of a cermet.
- The ceramic cooktop of claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate layer (14) is an oxide layer that is electrically conductive by oxygen loss during thermal spraying.
- The ceramic cooktop of claim 2, characterized in that the intermediate layer (14) is made of TiO2, of a mixture of Al2O3 with a portion of at least 50 wt.-% of TiO2, preferably at least 90 wt.-%, of ZrO2, of a mixture of Al2O3 with ZrO2 with a portion of at least 50 wt.-% of ZrO2, preferably at least 90 wt.-%, of a mixture of TiO2 and ZrO2, or of a mixture of Al2O3 with TiO2 and ZrO2 with a portion of at least 50 wt.-%, preferably at least 90 wt.-% of TiO2 and ZrO2.
- The ceramic cooktop of claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate layer (14) is made of a cermet having a metal matrix, comprising at least one of the components nickel, cobalt and chromium.
- The ceramic cooktop of claim 4, characterized in that the intermediate layer (14) is made of a cermet having a metal matrix, which is an alloy comprising the major components nickel, cobalt and chromium.
- The ceramic cooktop of claim 4 or 5, characterized in that particles of carbide, such as tungsten carbide, chromium carbide etc., are dispersed within the metal matrix.
- The ceramic cooktop of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ceramic bonding layer (24) is provided between the electrically conductive intermediate layer (14) and the cooking plate.
- The ceramic cooktop of claim 7, characterized in that the bonding layer (24) is thermally sprayed of aluminum oxide, of titanium oxide or of mixtures thereof.
- The ceramic cooktop of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating layer (16) consists of cordierite or of mullite and is, preferably, applied by thermal spraying.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK02702359T DK1366641T3 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2002-02-20 | Ceramic Hob |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10112235 | 2001-03-06 | ||
DE10112235A DE10112235C2 (en) | 2001-03-06 | 2001-03-06 | Ceramic hob |
PCT/EP2002/001751 WO2002078397A1 (en) | 2001-03-06 | 2002-02-20 | Ceramic cooktop |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1366641A1 EP1366641A1 (en) | 2003-12-03 |
EP1366641B1 true EP1366641B1 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
Family
ID=7677416
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02702359A Expired - Lifetime EP1366641B1 (en) | 2001-03-06 | 2002-02-20 | Ceramic cooktop |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040104212A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1366641B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1494816A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE284123T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2439177A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10112235C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2232733T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002078397A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITMI20041363A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2004-10-08 | Cedil Sa | HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES FOR KITCHENS AND SIMILAR |
US20100015354A1 (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2010-01-21 | Lee Tai-Cheung | Method of making rollers with a fine pattern |
CN101979998B (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-07-25 | 九江学院 | Method for quantitatively characterizing carbide loss in chrome carbide metal ceramic coating prepared by thermal spraying |
ES2401890B1 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2014-04-10 | BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A. | Home Appliance Device |
CN104254151A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-12-31 | 常熟市董浜镇华进电器厂 | Safe and reliable electric heating tube |
DE102016224069A1 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-07 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Cooking utensil with a cooking plate and a heater underneath |
KR102111109B1 (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2020-05-14 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | The surface heater, the electric range comprising the same, and the manufacturing method for the same |
CN207869432U (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-09-14 | 东莞市国研电热材料有限公司 | A kind of multi-temperature zone ceramic heating element |
EP3627671A1 (en) | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing a winding head assembly for an electric rotating machine |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3110571A (en) * | 1958-07-01 | 1963-11-12 | Du Pont | Ceramic material bonded to metal having refractory oxide dispersed therein |
US3610888A (en) * | 1970-01-30 | 1971-10-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Oxide resistor heating element |
US3978315A (en) * | 1975-09-19 | 1976-08-31 | Corning Glass Works | Electrical heating units |
DE3105065A1 (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-08-19 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Glass-ceramic hotplate |
US4764341A (en) * | 1987-04-27 | 1988-08-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Bonding of pure metal films to ceramics |
US5227345A (en) * | 1990-05-03 | 1993-07-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Powder mixtures including ceramics and metal compounds |
FR2665184B1 (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1993-10-15 | Centre Nal Recherc Scientifique | ALUMINA / METAL COMPOSITE POWDERS, CERMETS PRODUCED FROM SAID POWDERS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE. |
US5728638A (en) * | 1996-08-21 | 1998-03-17 | Bfd, Inc. | Metal/ceramic composites containing inert metals |
US6037572A (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 2000-03-14 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Thin film heating assemblies |
DE29824031U1 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2000-02-24 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, 81669 München | Cooking plate with electrically conductive ceramic plate |
US5973298A (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-10-26 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Circular film heater and porcelain enamel cooktop |
DE19855481A1 (en) * | 1998-12-01 | 2000-06-08 | Siceram Gmbh | Electric cooktop |
-
2001
- 2001-03-06 DE DE10112235A patent/DE10112235C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-02-20 CN CNA028059999A patent/CN1494816A/en active Pending
- 2002-02-20 AT AT02702359T patent/ATE284123T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-20 ES ES02702359T patent/ES2232733T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-20 CA CA002439177A patent/CA2439177A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-20 DE DE50201676T patent/DE50201676D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-20 WO PCT/EP2002/001751 patent/WO2002078397A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-20 EP EP02702359A patent/EP1366641B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-08-25 US US10/647,806 patent/US20040104212A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10112235A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
WO2002078397A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
ES2232733T3 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
US20040104212A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
CN1494816A (en) | 2004-05-05 |
DE10112235C2 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
ATE284123T1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
EP1366641A1 (en) | 2003-12-03 |
DE50201676D1 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
CA2439177A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
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