EP1366640B1 - Appareils de chauffage et resistances a couche epaisse - Google Patents

Appareils de chauffage et resistances a couche epaisse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1366640B1
EP1366640B1 EP02701449A EP02701449A EP1366640B1 EP 1366640 B1 EP1366640 B1 EP 1366640B1 EP 02701449 A EP02701449 A EP 02701449A EP 02701449 A EP02701449 A EP 02701449A EP 1366640 B1 EP1366640 B1 EP 1366640B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
track
resistance
heating element
auxiliary
main track
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02701449A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1366640A1 (fr
Inventor
Vernon James Donnelly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Strix Ltd
Original Assignee
Strix Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Strix Ltd filed Critical Strix Ltd
Publication of EP1366640A1 publication Critical patent/EP1366640A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1366640B1 publication Critical patent/EP1366640B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0252—Domestic applications
    • H05B1/0275—Heating of spaces, e.g. rooms, wardrobes
    • H05B1/0283—For heating of fluids, e.g. water heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to thick film heaters and resistances, particularly, but not exclusively, to thick film heaters which are suitable for use in liquid heating vessels.
  • the invention provides a thick film heating element or resistance comprising a main track arranged to carry electric current during normal operation and an auxiliary track portion electrically coupled to said main track by a bridge of glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material such that it does not carry current during normal operation, but wherein the configuration of the auxiliary track and the bridge of glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material is chosen such that at a predetermined temperature a leakage current between the main and auxiliary tracks rises to such an extent that a failure current flows through a section of the main track.
  • the present invention provides an arrangement whereby instead of short-circuiting two physically adjacent portions of track in the event of a serious overheating, an auxiliary track portion may be used effectively to provide a short circuit between two physically separate parts of the main circuit, thereby bypassing the part of the circuit between these two points. This affords greater flexibility when designing the track layout.
  • a predetermined region of the part of the main track which is left in circuit after the short-circuit is designed preferentially to rupture. It has been found that in general, the track which is left in circuit could fuse at any point along its length depending, for example on how accurately the track has been laid down and so on. Furthermore, when the track fails, an arc is generated. This arc is highly conductive and is mobile in a magnetic field and may, therefore, be drawn to other components such as control components. The arc may even damage the insulating layer on which the track is provided, leading potentially to the element being live after failure. This is potentially dangerous.
  • the predetermined region is provided with means for concentrating locally the current flowing therethrough.
  • the means for concentrating the current locally comprises a local reduction in the width of the track. This may be achieved by waisting the track in, but more preferably the narrowing comprises a hole, e.g. a circular hole, through the track. This hole will then act as a focus for the failure of the track.
  • the auxiliary track could comprise resistive material, e.g. the same resistive material as is used for typically the majority of the main track.
  • the majority of the auxiliary track comprises a low resistive material, e.g. silver.
  • the auxiliary track portion could be coupled directly to the main track - e.g. the coupling could comprise a gap between the main track and an end of the auxiliary track, the gap being bridged by the bridge of glass etc. material.
  • the auxiliary track portion is coupled to the main track via a second auxiliary track portion which is in turn connected to the main track.
  • the coupling comprises a gap in the auxiliary track itself which is bridged by the glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material. This means that the point at which the serious overheat is detected - i.e. when the glass etc. bridge becomes sufficiently conductive - need not necessarily be immediately adjacent the main track. This could, for example, allow a sufficient delay to ensure that the primary protector has time to operate before the track blows.
  • a short section of preferably low resistance - e.g. silver - track is provided laterally across the main track, with the gap to the rest of the auxiliary track being in the vicinity of the main track. This allows the glass etc. bridge over the gap to be provided in the vicinity of the main track and thus react as rapidly as possible in the event of a serious overheat condition arising from failure of the primary protector.
  • a single auxiliary track may be provided, but it is preferred in some circumstances to have two or more. This will, inter alia , give an even further level of protection since either may render the element supply inoperative in the event of a serious overheat.
  • auxiliary tracks may short-circuit completely different parts of the main track, but preferably they are substantially coterminous at one end thereof respectively. Preferably, these ends terminate in the vicinity of a common point on the main track, most preferably on either side respectively thereof. The other ends of the two auxiliary tracks may then be connected to different points of the main circuit. Preferably the common point is approximately half-way around the circuit - i.e. the main track has approximately the same resistance on either side thereof. This allows an arrangement whereby the two auxiliary tracks are connected at their other respective ends to substantially the two ends of the main track - i.e. to where the power supply is applied. At one end of the main track in this preferred embodiment however, the portion designed preferentially to rupture is located between the power supply and the connection to the auxiliary track. This ensures that it remains in-circuit and so interrupt the power supply if it should be needed to rupture.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that the same piece of glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material may bridge the ends of both auxiliary tracks to the main track, or more preferably to a short section of track provided laterally across the main track.
  • each auxiliary track is so arranged that it will cause a failure current to flow in the same, preferably predetermined, section of the main track. This facilitates the desirable result that the ultimate failure of the element may be controlled so as to be as safe as possible. It is also preferred that multiple auxiliary tracks are arranged such that if a leakage current path should be formed between the or any pair of them, a failure current will still flow through a or the predetermined portion of the main track.
  • the auxiliary track or tracks is or are arranged so that part of the main track which includes a weak portion, is always kept in-circuit.
  • two auxiliary tracks are arranged as above such that in the event of a serious overheat, the glass etc. will become sufficiently conductive to connect the two tracks together, thereby forming a single composite auxiliary track.
  • the two tracks terminate substantially at the ends of the main track, this will result in all of the main track except the weak portion being bypassed.
  • the very high resulting currently causes the weak portion to fail very quickly - before an ordinary domestic circuit breaker can operate in the preferred embodiment.
  • a thick film printed element 2 for use in a coffee maker.
  • this comprises a stainless steel substrate layer onto which is fired an electrically insulating glass layer. Electrically resistive ink and silver are laid onto the insulating layer to form the heating tracks.
  • Fig. 1 and the schematic block circuit diagram of Fig. 2 there are three separate heating tracks 4, 6, 8 which may be selectively energised, to give different total power outputs, by selectively applying mains power to the line contact pads 10, 12, 14.
  • the control arrangement is such that the first portion of track 4 will always have current flowing through it during normal operation, regardless of whether either of the other two tracks 6, 8 are energised. It is thus only necessary to consider the first portion of track 4 for the purposes of explaining the present invention.
  • the path of the current through the track 4 during normal operation is marked on Fig. 1 as a solid black line. From the line terminal pad 10, this path extends in a serpentine manner in both horizontal and vertical directions around the upper left corner region (as viewed from Fig. 1) 4a of the element.
  • the arrangement of the path in this region 4a is intended to give reasonably even heating for a snap-acting bimetallic actuator 16 (shown in transparent outline).
  • This bimetallic actuator is intended to give primary protection against overheating - e.g. in the event that the element is switched on dry or boils dry.
  • the movement of the bimetallic actuator 16 opens a pair of contacts (not shown) to interrupt the supply of electrical power to the element as is well known in the art.
  • the lower two thirds or so of the leftmost leg 4d comprises silver track.
  • the track continues upward in a widened portion 22.
  • the width of the widened portion 22 is approximately 3 mm wide compared to the rest of the track which is approximately 1 mm wide.
  • Halfway along the widened portion 22 is a hole 24 in the centre of the track, approximately 1 mm in diameter.
  • the track continues 4e to a contact pad 10 to which the neutral side of the mains power supply is connected.
  • the majority of the main track 4 comprises a resistive ink such as a blend of Dupont F/612/F629 screen printed onto an insulating substrate layer - e.g. of Dupont 3500 ink.
  • a resistive ink such as a blend of Dupont F/612/F629 screen printed onto an insulating substrate layer - e.g. of Dupont 3500 ink.
  • the contact pads 10, 12, 14, 20, connecting portions of track, the turns in the serpentine regions 4a, 4b, 4c, the arcuate portion of track circumventing the neutral pad 20; and the track 4d, 4e on either side of the widened portion 22 however are all printed with a silver ink having a significantly lower resistivity than the rest of the track.
  • this arrangement avoids the problems of current crowding where the track undergoes sharp changes of direction or width.
  • auxiliary tracks 26a, 26b both of which are printed in silver. These are shown cross-hatched in Fig. 1.
  • the first auxiliary track 26a is connected at one end to a silver portion 4f of the main track connecting the line contact pad 10 to the first serpentine region 4a.
  • the auxiliary track extends around the neutral contact pad 20 and stops just short of the kinked portion 18 of the main track as may be seen more clearly in Fig. 3.
  • one end of the second auxiliary track 26b is connected to the silver portion of the extended leg 4d of the vertical serpentine portion 4c, with the other end stopping just short of the kink 18 in the main track.
  • a further short length of silver track 28 is printed over the kinked portion 18 of the main track at right angles to it to form small gaps 30a, 30b between it and the two respective auxiliary tracks 26a, 26b.
  • a disc of low temperature overglaze 32 in the form of a layer of ESL 4771G material is printed so as to cover the two gaps 30a, 30b.
  • the element In the event that the element should be switched on dry or allowed to boil dry, its temperature will rise to such an extent that the bimetallic actuator 16 will operate, opening a pair of contacts (not shown) to interrupt the power supply to the element, thus allowing it to cool.
  • the temperature will continue to rise to such an extent that the low temperature overglaze 32 begins to break down and allow a leakage current to flow across one or other of the gaps 30a, 30b.
  • the subsequent current flow will be as depicted by the solid black path in Fig. 4.
  • the current preferentially flows through the auxiliary track 26a, across the gap 30a bridged by the now conductive overglaze 32 and to the silver track portion 28 where it then continues along the ordinary current path formed by the main track 4 to the right of the kink 18 (when viewed from Fig. 3).
  • the auxiliary track 26a therefore acts as a short-circuit, effectively bypassing the rightmost portion of track. Since the kinked portion 18 is approximately half-way around the track 4, this means that the total resistance is approximately halved so that the current drawn is doubled and the power dissipated is quadrupled.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Elément de chauffage ou résistance à couche épaisse comportant une piste principale (4) agencée de façon à acheminer un courant électrique en fonctionnement normal et caractérisé par une portion de pistes auxiliaires (26a, 26b) électriquement couplées à ladite piste principale par un pont de matériau de verre, verre-céramique ou céramique (32) de sorte qu'il n'achemine pas de courant en fonctionnement normal, mais où la configuration de la piste auxiliaire et du pont de matériau de verre, verre-céramique ou céramique est choisie de sorte qu'à une température prédéterminée un courant de fuite entre les pistes principale et auxiliaires s'élève à tel point qu'un courant de défaillance circule à travers une section de la piste principale.
  2. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel une région prédéterminée (22) de la partie de la piste principale qui est laissée en circuit après le court-circuit est conçue de préférence pour rompre.
  3. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la région prédéterminée (22) est dotée d'un moyen (24) pour concentrer localement le courant circulant au travers.
  4. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le moyen (24) pour concentrer localement le courant comporte une réduction locale de la largeur de la piste.
  5. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ladite réduction locale de largeur comporte un trou (24) dans la piste.
  6. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la majeure partie de la piste auxiliaire (26a, 26b) comporte un matériau faiblement résistif, par exemple de l'argent.
  7. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la portion de pistes auxiliaires (26a, 26b) est couplée à la piste principale par le biais d'une seconde portion de piste auxiliaire (28) qui est à son tour connectée à la piste principale (4).
  8. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon la revendication 7, comprenant une section courte de piste de faible résistance (28) disposée latéralement sur la piste principale (4).
  9. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant au moins deux pistes auxiliaires (26a, 26b).
  10. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon la revendication 9, dans lequel lesdites pistes auxiliaires (26a, 26b) sont sensiblement coterminales au niveau de l'une de leurs extrémités respectivement.
  11. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon la revendication 10, dans lequel les extrémités desdites pistes auxiliaires (26a, 26b) se terminent au voisinage d'un point commun (18) sur la piste principale (4).
  12. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon la revendication 11, dans lequel ledit point commun (18) se trouve approximativement à mi-chemin autour du circuit.
  13. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon la revendication 12, dans lequel lesdites pistes auxiliaires (26a, 26b) sont connectées au niveau de leurs autres extrémités respectives sensiblement aux deux extrémités (4d, 4f) de la piste principale (4).
  14. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon la revendication 13, dans lequel une ou la portion (22) conçue de préférence pour rompre est située entre une extrémité de la piste principale (4) et la connexion à la piste auxiliaire (26a, 26b) de sorte à garantir que ladite portion reste en circuit et ainsi est capable d'interrompre l'alimentation électrique de la piste principale.
  15. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, dans lequel chaque piste auxiliaire (26a, 26b) est agencée de sorte à amener un courant de défaillance à circuler dans la même section de la piste principale.
  16. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 15, dans lequel lesdites pistes auxiliaires (26a, 26b) sont agencées de sorte que, si un chemin de courant de fuite doit être formé entre la ou une paire quelconque de celles-ci, un courant de défaillance circulera toujours à travers une ou la portion prédéterminée de la piste principale (4).
  17. Elément de chauffage ou résistance selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 16, comprenant deux pistes auxiliaires (26a, 26b) agencées de sorte que, dans le cas d'une grave surchauffe, le pont de verre, verre-céramique ou céramique (32) etc. deviendra suffisamment conducteur pour connecter les deux pistes ensemble, formant ainsi une seule piste auxiliaire composite.
EP02701449A 2001-03-05 2002-03-05 Appareils de chauffage et resistances a couche epaisse Expired - Lifetime EP1366640B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0105384 2001-03-05
GB0105384A GB2373157B (en) 2001-03-05 2001-03-05 Thick film heaters and resistances
PCT/GB2002/000951 WO2002071800A1 (fr) 2001-03-05 2002-03-05 Appareils de chauffage et resistances a couche epaisse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1366640A1 EP1366640A1 (fr) 2003-12-03
EP1366640B1 true EP1366640B1 (fr) 2007-12-12

Family

ID=9909986

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02701449A Expired - Lifetime EP1366640B1 (fr) 2001-03-05 2002-03-05 Appareils de chauffage et resistances a couche epaisse

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1366640B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE381240T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60224013T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2298343T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB2373157B (fr)
WO (1) WO2002071800A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2000685C2 (nl) * 2007-06-06 2008-12-09 Ferro Techniek Holding Bv Verwarmingselement en vloeistofhouder voorzien van een dergelijk verwarmingselement.
NL2001690C2 (en) * 2008-06-16 2009-12-17 Otter Controls Ltd Device and method for generating steam, and heating element for use in such a device.

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2353457B (en) * 1999-08-13 2004-08-25 Strix Ltd Electric heaters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60224013D1 (de) 2008-01-24
GB2373157B (en) 2004-12-15
EP1366640A1 (fr) 2003-12-03
WO2002071800A8 (fr) 2003-12-04
ATE381240T1 (de) 2007-12-15
GB0105384D0 (en) 2001-04-18
DE60224013T2 (de) 2008-04-17
ES2298343T3 (es) 2008-05-16
WO2002071800A1 (fr) 2002-09-12
GB2373157A (en) 2002-09-11

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