EP1362148B1 - Structural element for application of plaster suspended ceilings on floors - Google Patents
Structural element for application of plaster suspended ceilings on floors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1362148B1 EP1362148B1 EP02702585A EP02702585A EP1362148B1 EP 1362148 B1 EP1362148 B1 EP 1362148B1 EP 02702585 A EP02702585 A EP 02702585A EP 02702585 A EP02702585 A EP 02702585A EP 1362148 B1 EP1362148 B1 EP 1362148B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet section
- structural element
- layer
- concrete
- light material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 32
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/065—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts
- E04C5/0653—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts with precast parts
- E04C5/0656—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts with precast parts with lost formwork
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
- E04B1/4171—Nailable or non-threaded screwable elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/18—Means for suspending the supporting construction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of constructions and more precisely it refers to a structural element such as a ceiling beam in pre-stressed concrete, a "girder" or the like for making floors, suitable for application of plaster suspended ceilings.
- a structural element such as a ceiling beam in pre-stressed concrete, a "girder” or the like for making floors, suitable for application of plaster suspended ceilings.
- floors to which the invention is related to flat floors either walkable or not, peaked roofs, floors of roof gardens, shed roofs are comprised.
- the plaster suspended ceilings require metallic frameworks to which plaster covered boards are connected by means of self tapping screws.
- the frameworks are in turn screwed to the floors by means of screw anchors.
- metallic frameworks for supporting plaster suspended ceilings are difficult to arrange metallic frameworks for supporting plaster suspended ceilings.
- vapour barrier An important aspect of the construction of floors is the so called “vapour barrier", i.e. an insulation from humidity and vapour in gaseous phase that can give condensate water.
- the vapour barrier should be made at the lowermost surface of the floor.
- the vapour barrier is made over the upper level of the floor, leaving not protected all the layer of the floor. This fact involves high costs in creating the insulating pack of the floor.
- the vapour barrier normally is a sheet of aluminium integrated to a waterproof membrane.
- a typical floor then, starting from the above towards below has a concrete casting with pavement, a waterproof membrane, an heat insulation, the vapour barrier by means of membrane with a sheet of aluminium, a primer, a reinforced concrete and hollow tiles mixed floor, and, at the lowermost surface, a plaster coating.
- a structural element which includes pre-stressed concrete joists having a plate-like body portion and reinforced support ledges.
- a structural element has a lower side wall that can be perforated by screws, for making easier the installation of plaster suspended ceilings and for supporting their weight.
- the layer that can be perforated by screws is formed by a sheet section in which a layer is present of light material that is set between structural element and the sheet section.
- the metal sheet section filled with the layer of light material, when the structural element is laid, is oriented towards below the floor or roof pitch and allows thus the easy application of the screws, which cross both the plaster suspended ceilings and the metal sheet and can pierce all the layer of light material without hitting against concrete portions. This way, a plaster suspended ceiling can be made directly connected to the floor.
- the light material can be chosen among polystyrene foam, polyurethan foam, wood, etc.
- said structural element comprises a concrete casting and said layer that can be perforated by the screws is integrated to a lower wall of said concrete casting.
- the layer that can be perforated by screws is integrated to the concrete at casting the concrete.
- the layer that can be perforated can be connected to the casting by means of screws or riveting after the casting, through brackets embedded in the casting same.
- the light material can, in this second case, be integrated at the moment of the casting or at the moment of the fastening of the sheet section to the casting.
- the concrete casting can be made with free or pre-stressed reinforcement bars, in order to obtain in the first case a girder for building industry and in the second case a concrete pre-stressed beam.
- Said structural element comprises a self-supporting framework as an elongated girder partly embedded in said casting.
- said metal sheet box-shaped section is arranged, which envelopes the elongated framework and in which said light material layer is present between the structural element and the metal sheet.
- said structural element is formed by at least a couple of stiff parallel boards, which extend for all the length, joined to each other by a plurality of spaced transversal brackets.
- the boards and the brackets can be in construction material such as steel, iron, aluminium, wood, and can be joined to each other for riveting, bolting, welding or gluing, according to the material of which they are made.
- the structural element when it is laid, is used as a desired self-supporting girder, and is filled of plain concrete when casting the floor. After the casting, the layer that can be perforated by the screws allows to fasten plaster boards in the way above described.
- a method for the production of a structural element for making floors has the characteristic that it comprises the following steps:
- the light material can, in this second case, be preferably integrated at the moment of the casting, arranged between the brackets. Alternatively, it can be connected at the moment of fastening the sheet section to the casting.
- the length of the sheet section can in a first case extend for all the length of the structural element.
- the sheet section has the lower flat face that covers all the bottom face of the concrete casting, whereby the lower face of the structural element is completely a sheet section.
- a plurality of portions of said sheet section arranged is provided aligned longitudinally, spaced and centred transversally.
- the width of the portions can be also less than the width of the casting, whereby the lower face of the structural element is made of concrete with at the centre a row of spaced portions of sheet section.
- the sheet section is continuous instead of discontinuous and of width less than the girder.
- the sheet section is U-shaped.
- the light material lays, in such a way that the wings of the sheet section protrude from the layer of said light material.
- the protruding wings allow to the whole support, consisting in the sheet section and in the polystyrene foam layer, of being connected by means of screws directly to the wall side of the beam.
- the protruding wings offer a steadier fastening to the concrete.
- the structural element is formed by a self-supporting framework, without concrete portions, and for making it integral to the metal sheet section, that contains the layer of light material, the steps are provided of:
- a metal welded framework element useful for forming the reinforcement of the floor.
- the plaster suspended ceilings are screwed to the sheet section.
- the screws penetrate directly through the plaster board and through the surface of the sheet section into the light material in it contained.
- floors made with concrete beams according to the invention allow a quick installation of the plaster suspended ceilings.
- the plaster covered boards are directly connected to the beams of the floor in a steady way and adhere directly to the floor lower surface. With such an installation the working costs mainly given to the installation of a metal framework are eliminated.
- plaster suspended ceilings are to be replace or removed, it is sufficient to release the plaster covered boards from the floor lower surface, without affecting further the ceiling beam.
- a further advantage is that of providing a vapour barrier near the lower level of the floor.
- plaster suspended ceilings may be used equipped with a sheet in aluminium.
- the girder according to the invention pierceable by the screws, it is possible to bolt it directly to the principal steel structures of the building, such as for example to the steel beams, or it can be connected by epoxy resins.
- the lower parts of the sheet section can be coated of a insulating layer, for example, but not exclusively, adhesive layer of cellular polyethylene with a layer of some mm.
- a structural element 1 according to the invention is used for making a floor 2 of known type in combination with hollow tiles 3.
- a hollow tile 3 resting on two structural elements 1.
- the structural element of figure 1 is normally defined as "girder”
- the structural element of figure 2 is normally defined as "ceiling beam” in pre-stressed concrete.
- each structural element 1 consists in a reinforcement 4 and by a sheet section 5, embedded in a concrete casting 6.
- the sheet section 5 is filled with a layer of light material 8 that is set between the concrete 6 and the sheet section 5 and is oriented in use towards below of the floor for application of plaster suspended ceilings 9 ( figure 2 ).
- the plaster suspended ceilings 9 are easily screwed to the structural elements 1. More precisely, the screws 10 cross in turn the plaster board 9, the lower face of the sheet section 5 and penetrate all the layer of the light material 8 without forcing , unless at the end of the movement, against concrete 6. This way a floor lower surface made of plaster board is created directly connected to the concrete beams of floor 2.
- the length of the sheet section 5 extends for all the length of the structural element 2.
- the side walls 11 of the sheet section 5 are slightly higher of the layer of the light material 8 in it contained, creating thus two protruding wings 11a.
- Such protruding wings 11a allow to the sheet section 5 and to the light material 8 to be connected by means of screws 12 directly to the wall side of the floor beam 2 ( figure 2 and 5 ) by means of pins not shown, previously inserted in the mould.
- the structural element 1' comprises a plurality of portions 5' of sheet section arranged aligned longitudinally, spaced and centred transversally for a width less than that of the structural element 1'.
- the portions of sheet section 5' are inserted in the mould 7 alternated before casting the concrete ( figure 6 and 7 ). This way, a structural element is obtained that has a lower face in concrete 6 ( figure 8 ), discontinued by the portions of sheet section 5', which can be used for fastening plaster covered boards.
- Figures from 9A to 11B show in turn steps of making a structural element, not being part of the invention.
- a reinforcement 4 is arranged, of traditional type, to which brackets 13 are welded.
- Blades 14 are also provided that define the position of the sheet of light material 8 ( Figure 10A and 10B ).
- the brackets 13 are welded to reinforcement 4 spaced as shown in figure 9B .
- the same method can be can be used for making a floor beam of pre-stressed concrete 1", shown in figures 13A and 13B .
- Structural elements 1, 1' or 1" thus made, can be easily connected to a structural H beam 16 of steel, as shown in figures 14 and 15 . In fact, it is sufficient to use screws 15 that penetrate the sheet section 5.
- Structural elements 1 thus made allow a quick fastening of the ceiling of plaster covered boards 9 directly to the lower surface of the floor. This way, it is not necessary to install additional frameworks to the plaster suspended ceilings 9.
- the lower face of the sheet section 5 may be coated with an insulating layer, in species cellular polyethylene some mm thick. This way, the heat bridge that usually affect floors near the beams is eliminated, caused by the higher heat conductivity of the concrete beams with respect to the rest of the floor, which comprises hollow tiles.
- a structural element 21 according to the invention is formed by a self-supporting framework, without concrete portions.
- metal sheet section 25 For its production integral to metal sheet section 25, that contains the layer of light material 28, two parallel stiff boards 22,23 are provided, which extend for all the length of the structural element, 21.
- the stiff boards are joined and kept integral to each other by means of a plurality of transversal spaced brackets 24.
- the metal sheet section 25, in which the layer is arranged of light material 28, is fixed to the self-supporting structure 21 formed by boards 22,23 and by brackets 24.
- an metal framework 4 is inserted, useful for the reinforcement of the floor.
- a section 29 is also shown that insulates heat transfer through boards 22 and 23 with respect to elements that rest on the boards same for spanning the floor, as shown hereinafter.
- Figures from 19 to 23 are cross sections of other embodiments of the structural element, featuring respectively:
- a floor with structural elements like that of figure 16 can also be made with the aid of auxiliary elements 34 and other light elements 40 that are arranged to span the floor.
- auxiliary elements 34 are provided to whose end auxiliary elements 34 are connected, arranged also laterally, resting on side boards 32.
- the auxiliary elements 34 have brackets 39 with protruding elements 39a ( figure 25a and 25b ) suitable for sinking in the concrete of the floor casting. Brackets 39 can be pierced by the screws. Therefore, by arranging a scaffold boarding 42, according to a rectangle among four upright columns 43, it is possible to cast the main girders on the scaffold boarding 42 with integration of auxiliary elements 34. This way, under the final main girders plaster suspended ceilings can be fastened by piercing brackets 39.
- a floor provides structural elements 21, with auxiliary elements 30 and 34, arranged respectively at the ends and at the sides of structural elements 21.
- auxiliary elements 30 and 34 are arranged respectively at the ends and at the sides of structural elements 21.
- boards 36 are provided having hollow frames 37 ( figures 27a and 27b ).
- Auxiliary elements 30 and 34 are better shown in figures 28, 29 and 30 . More precisely to the structural element of figure 16 are respectively connected: an end board 30, by means of rivets 31; an end board 30 with side bracket 32, connected with rivets 33; as well as a side bracket 32 with side boards 34 connected with screws 35.
- a scaffold similar to that shown in figures 24 or 26 is shown in figure 31 , using stays 46 for supporting the scaffold boarding 42.
- the hollow tiles 40 and the structural elements 21 span the floor and support casting in plain concrete 45.
- figure 32 how a floor 45 is made is shown using the structural elements 21 and hollow tiles 40, for example in polystyrene, resting on boards 41, or continuous spanning elements 50, in foam material, for example polystyrene.
- Figure 33 is a cross sectional view of the floor as that of figure 32 , with continuous spanning elements of polystyrene 40 resting on boards 41. There are also: plaster suspended ceilings 9, installations 51, which pass through channels 38 between the structural elements 21, upper layers 47 and 48 of the floor.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to the field of constructions and more precisely it refers to a structural element such as a ceiling beam in pre-stressed concrete, a "girder" or the like for making floors, suitable for application of plaster suspended ceilings. Among floors to which the invention is related to, flat floors either walkable or not, peaked roofs, floors of roof gardens, shed roofs are comprised.
- For the installation of plaster covered boards for suspended ceilings several known problems arise.
- In fact, the plaster suspended ceilings require metallic frameworks to which plaster covered boards are connected by means of self tapping screws. The frameworks are in turn screwed to the floors by means of screw anchors. In particular, it is difficult the drilling of concrete beams or other structural elements, usually in reinforced concrete. Furthermore it is in any case difficult to arrange metallic frameworks for supporting plaster suspended ceilings.
- An important aspect of the construction of floors is the so called "vapour barrier", i.e. an insulation from humidity and vapour in gaseous phase that can give condensate water. In theory, the vapour barrier should be made at the lowermost surface of the floor. However, with traditional techniques of construction of floors the vapour barrier is made over the upper level of the floor, leaving not protected all the layer of the floor. This fact involves high costs in creating the insulating pack of the floor.
- The vapour barrier normally is a sheet of aluminium integrated to a waterproof membrane. A typical floor, then, starting from the above towards below has a concrete casting with pavement, a waterproof membrane, an heat insulation, the vapour barrier by means of membrane with a sheet of aluminium, a primer, a reinforced concrete and hollow tiles mixed floor, and, at the lowermost surface, a plaster coating.
- Therefore, it would be advantageous to move the vapour barrier towards below, eliminating the membrane with the sheet of aluminium and using plaster covered boards with integrated a sheet of aluminium or other equivalent vapour barrier. It is, however, complicated as above described to install plaster suspended ceilings in a way that is quick and not expensive on the floors lower surfaces.
- In
US4041664 a structural element is disclosed which includes pre-stressed concrete joists having a plate-like body portion and reinforced support ledges. - In
FR2534298 - It is therefore object of the present invention to provide a structural element such as a ceiling beam or girder or pre-stressed concrete beam and similar, for making floors, roofs, etc., which makes remarkably easier the application of plaster suspended ceilings, without reducing the resistance of the final structure.
- It is another object of the invention to provide a method for the production of this structural element.
- It is a particular object of the present invention to provide a structural element for making floors, peaked roofs, etc., that is made not in plain concrete or tile-like material, which is, at the same time, self-supporting, and that allows the application of plaster suspended ceilings.
- Hereinafter, with the term structural element a desired ceiling beam, girder or the like for floors is intended to define an element that achieves the principles according to the invention as described and claimed below.
- According to a first aspect of the invention, a structural element has a lower side wall that can be perforated by screws, for making easier the installation of plaster suspended ceilings and for supporting their weight.
- The layer that can be perforated by screws is formed by a sheet section in which a layer is present of light material that is set between structural element and the sheet section.
- The metal sheet section, filled with the layer of light material, when the structural element is laid, is oriented towards below the floor or roof pitch and allows thus the easy application of the screws, which cross both the plaster suspended ceilings and the metal sheet and can pierce all the layer of light material without hitting against concrete portions. This way, a plaster suspended ceiling can be made directly connected to the floor.
- The light material can be chosen among polystyrene foam, polyurethan foam, wood, etc.
- In a first embodiment of the invention, said structural element comprises a concrete casting and said layer that can be perforated by the screws is integrated to a lower wall of said concrete casting.
- The layer that can be perforated by screws is integrated to the concrete at casting the concrete. Alternatively, the layer that can be perforated can be connected to the casting by means of screws or riveting after the casting, through brackets embedded in the casting same. The light material can, in this second case, be integrated at the moment of the casting or at the moment of the fastening of the sheet section to the casting.
- The concrete casting can be made with free or pre-stressed reinforcement bars, in order to obtain in the first case a girder for building industry and in the second case a concrete pre-stressed beam.
- Said structural element comprises a self-supporting framework as an elongated girder partly embedded in said casting. Under the elongated girder said metal sheet box-shaped section is arranged, which envelopes the elongated framework and in which said light material layer is present between the structural element and the metal sheet.
- Preferably, said structural element is formed by at least a couple of stiff parallel boards, which extend for all the length, joined to each other by a plurality of spaced transversal brackets. The boards and the brackets can be in construction material such as steel, iron, aluminium, wood, and can be joined to each other for riveting, bolting, welding or gluing, according to the material of which they are made. The structural element, when it is laid, is used as a desired self-supporting girder, and is filled of plain concrete when casting the floor. After the casting, the layer that can be perforated by the screws allows to fasten plaster boards in the way above described.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for the production of a structural element for making floors has the characteristic that it comprises the following steps:
- pre-arranging a box-shaped metal sheet section, in which a light material layer is present,
- association of said metal sheet section to a structural element, whereby, in use, the lower side of said metal sheet section is a wall integrated to said structural element and that can be perforated by the screws,
- the structural element is formed by a concrete casting, and for its production, in integration to the metal sheet section that contains the layer of light material, the steps are provided of:
- prearranging a concrete mould or equivalent material for casting the structural element;
- arranging in said mould a reinforcement of the structural element, for example of iron bars;
- arranging always in said mould, a fastening for said sheet in which a layer of light material has been pre-arranged;
- introducing in the mould said sheet section having a flat face oriented towards below that lays on the bottom of the mould, in said sheet section a layer of light material being pre-arranged;
- casting concrete in said mould incorporating said sheet section, said layer and at least part of said reinforcement;
- extracting the structural element after hardening comprising a lower face of sheet section and the layer in light material integrated to the concrete and to the relative reinforcement that is embedded between the concrete and the sheet section.
- In a further development, the steps are provided of
- introducing in the mould brackets oriented towards below and capable of protruding from the concrete after the casting;
- casting concrete in said mould incorporating part of said reinforcement and of said brackets;
- after hardening, fastening by means of screws or rivets said sheet section to said brackets, said sheet section having a flat face oriented towards below.
- The light material can, in this second case, be preferably integrated at the moment of the casting, arranged between the brackets. Alternatively, it can be connected at the moment of fastening the sheet section to the casting.
- The length of the sheet section can in a first case extend for all the length of the structural element. In this case, the sheet section has the lower flat face that covers all the bottom face of the concrete casting, whereby the lower face of the structural element is completely a sheet section.
- Alternatively, a plurality of portions of said sheet section arranged is provided aligned longitudinally, spaced and centred transversally. The width of the portions can be also less than the width of the casting, whereby the lower face of the structural element is made of concrete with at the centre a row of spaced portions of sheet section. It is also possible that the sheet section is continuous instead of discontinuous and of width less than the girder.
- Advantageously, the sheet section is U-shaped. In it the light material lays, in such a way that the wings of the sheet section protrude from the layer of said light material. In the first embodiment, the protruding wings allow to the whole support, consisting in the sheet section and in the polystyrene foam layer, of being connected by means of screws directly to the wall side of the beam. In a second embodiment, the protruding wings offer a steadier fastening to the concrete.
- In a further embodiment of the method, the structural element is formed by a self-supporting framework, without concrete portions, and for making it integral to the metal sheet section, that contains the layer of light material, the steps are provided of:
- arranging a couple of stiff parallel boards, which extend for all the length of the structural element;
- joining said boards by means of a plurality of spaced transversal brackets;
- fastening said metal sheet section, in which said light material layer is arranged, to said self-supporting structure formed by said boards and said brackets.
- Before the union of the boards with the brackets, can be inserted a metal welded framework element, useful for forming the reinforcement of the floor.
- According to the invention, the plaster suspended ceilings are screwed to the sheet section. In fact, the screws penetrate directly through the plaster board and through the surface of the sheet section into the light material in it contained.
- In particular, floors made with concrete beams according to the invention, allow a quick installation of the plaster suspended ceilings. In fact, the plaster covered boards are directly connected to the beams of the floor in a steady way and adhere directly to the floor lower surface. With such an installation the working costs mainly given to the installation of a metal framework are eliminated.
- If the plaster suspended ceilings are to be replace or removed, it is sufficient to release the plaster covered boards from the floor lower surface, without affecting further the ceiling beam.
- A further advantage is that of providing a vapour barrier near the lower level of the floor. In this case, plaster suspended ceilings may be used equipped with a sheet in aluminium.
- Furthermore being the girder according to the invention pierceable by the screws, it is possible to bolt it directly to the principal steel structures of the building, such as for example to the steel beams, or it can be connected by epoxy resins.
- Advantageously, the lower parts of the sheet section can be coated of a insulating layer, for example, but not exclusively, adhesive layer of cellular polyethylene with a layer of some mm.
- Further characteristics and the advantages of the structural element according to the present invention will be made clearer with the following description of an embodiment thereof, exemplifying but not limitative, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:
-
figure 1 shows a sectional view of a portion of floor in direct phase of installation with two structural elements according to the invention; -
figure 2 shows a perspective view of the floor offigure 1 after the application of an plaster covered board; -
figure 3 shows a perspective view of a mould of casting of a structural element according to the invention with pre-arranged a sheet section and a layer of light material; -
figure 4 shows a sectional view of the mould offigure 3 after the casting; -
figure 5 shows an elevational longitudinal view of the structural element according to the invention as resulting after the casting; -
figure 6 shows a perspective view of a mould of casting of a structural element according to the invention with pre-arranged a plurality of sheet section discontinued portions and inside layers of light material ; -
figure 7 shows a sectional view of the mould offigure 6 after the casting; -
figure 8 shows a plan view from below of a different embodiment of the structural element according to the invention as resulting after the casting according tofigures 6 and 7 ; -
figures 9a and 9b , not being part of the invention, show an elevational view, respectively frontal and longitudinal, of a reinforcement equipped with brackets; -
figures 10a and 10b , not being part of the invention, show an elevational view, respectively frontal and longitudinal, of the reinforcement offigures 9a and 9b after the application of a layer of light material ; -
figures 11a 11b , not being part of the invention, show an elevational view, respectively frontal and longitudinal, of the reinforcement offigure 10a and 10b after casting of the concrete; -
figures 12a and 12b show an elevational view, respectively frontal and longitudinal, of the ceiling beam offigure 11a 11b to whose base a sheet section has been attached; -
figures 13a and 13b show an elevational view, respectively frontal and longitudinal, of a ceiling beam of pre-stressed concrete to whose base a sheet section has been mounted; -
figures 14 and 15 show respectively a structural element according to the invention in reinforced concrete and in pre-stressed concrete after the fastening to a steel structural beam; -
figure 16 shows a perspective view of a structural element according to a second embodiment of the invention,; -
figure 17 is an enlarged partial view of the structural element offigure 16 ; -
figure 18 is a cross sectional view of the structural element offigure 16 ; - figures from 19 to 23 are cross sections of different embodiments of the structural element of
figure 16 ; -
figure 24 is a top plan view of a floor with structural elements likefigure 16 and other auxiliary elements forming the span of the floor; -
figures 25a and 25b show a side and perspective view of an auxiliary element to be arranged next to the structural elements at the zone of casting of the main girders; -
figure 26 is a top plan view of a floor with structural elements as that offigure 16 and other auxiliary elements forming the span of the floor; -
figures 27a and 27b show a side and cross sectional view of an auxiliary element arranged next to the structural elements at the zone of casting of the main girders; -
figures 28, 29 and 30 show structural elements similar to that offigure 16 and respectively with end board, with end board and side bracket, with side bracket and side boards; -
figure 31 is a sectional view of scaffold for casting a floor that exploits the structural elements according to the invention; -
figure 32 is a partial view of a floor at casting with the structural element according to the invention and spanning elements in light foam material; -
figure 33 is a cross sectional view of a floor like that offigure 32 . - With reference to
figures 1 and 2 , astructural element 1 according to the invention is used for making afloor 2 of known type in combination withhollow tiles 3. In particular, is shown ahollow tile 3 resting on twostructural elements 1. In the building industry, the structural element offigure 1 is normally defined as "girder", whereas the structural element offigure 2 is normally defined as "ceiling beam" in pre-stressed concrete. - According to the invention, each
structural element 1 consists in areinforcement 4 and by asheet section 5, embedded in aconcrete casting 6. Thesheet section 5 is filled with a layer oflight material 8 that is set between the concrete 6 and thesheet section 5 and is oriented in use towards below of the floor for application of plaster suspended ceilings 9 (figure 2 ). - In fact, since the
sheet section 5 can be easily perforated, for example with self tapping screws 10, and since thelight material 8 allows free penetration, the plaster suspendedceilings 9 are easily screwed to thestructural elements 1. More precisely, thescrews 10 cross in turn theplaster board 9, the lower face of thesheet section 5 and penetrate all the layer of thelight material 8 without forcing , unless at the end of the movement, againstconcrete 6. This way a floor lower surface made of plaster board is created directly connected to the concrete beams offloor 2. - With reference to
figures 3 and 4 , to make thegirder 1 according to the invention, which can be seen in longitudinal vista also infigure 5 , it is sufficient to provide amould 7 for casting concrete. In a first step thesheet section 5 with aface 5a oriented towards below is laid onto thebase 7a ofmould 7. Overbase 7a ofmould 7, thereinforcement 4 is arranged that, after the casting ofconcrete 6, becomes the reinforcement of thestructural element 1. - In the embodiment of figures from 1 to 5, the length of the
sheet section 5 extends for all the length of thestructural element 2. - Advantageously, the
side walls 11 of thesheet section 5 are slightly higher of the layer of thelight material 8 in it contained, creating thus two protrudingwings 11a. Such protrudingwings 11a allow to thesheet section 5 and to thelight material 8 to be connected by means ofscrews 12 directly to the wall side of the floor beam 2 (figure 2 and5 ) by means of pins not shown, previously inserted in the mould. - With reference to figures from 6 to 8, in a second embodiment of the invention, the structural element 1' comprises a plurality of portions 5' of sheet section arranged aligned longitudinally, spaced and centred transversally for a width less than that of the structural element 1'. The portions of sheet section 5' are inserted in the
mould 7 alternated before casting the concrete (figure 6 and 7 ). This way, a structural element is obtained that has a lower face in concrete 6 (figure 8 ), discontinued by the portions of sheet section 5', which can be used for fastening plaster covered boards. - Figures from 9A to 11B show in turn steps of making a structural element, not being part of the invention. With reference to
figures 9A and 9B , respectively in front and longitudinal view, areinforcement 4 is arranged, of traditional type, to whichbrackets 13 are welded.Blades 14 are also provided that define the position of the sheet of light material 8 (Figure 10A and 10B ). In particular, thebrackets 13 are welded toreinforcement 4 spaced as shown infigure 9B . - As shown in
figures 11A and 11B it is sufficient to put the reinforcement thus equipped in a mould for casting theconcrete 6. To make the base in sheet section on thegirder 1, as shown infigure 12A and 12B , it is sufficient to fasten by means ofscrews 12 thesheet section 5, which is put on the floor beam, causing the self tapping screws 12 to penetratebrackets 13 and thenblades 14. - The same method can be can be used for making a floor beam of
pre-stressed concrete 1", shown infigures 13A and 13B . -
Structural elements structural H beam 16 of steel, as shown infigures 14 and 15 . In fact, it is sufficient to usescrews 15 that penetrate thesheet section 5. -
Structural elements 1 thus made allow a quick fastening of the ceiling of plaster coveredboards 9 directly to the lower surface of the floor. This way, it is not necessary to install additional frameworks to the plaster suspendedceilings 9. - The possibility of coating the lower surface of the floor with plaster covered
boards 9 connected with screws 10 (figure 2 ) is particularly advantageous , since the traditional concrete beams of reinforced concrete cannot be pierced by the screws. The advantages are not only in quicker installation, but also in a less operative work, with a subsequent reduction of the costs of construction. A further advantage, furthermore is the possibility of using plaster coveredboards 9 with embedded sheet of aluminium to provide the vapour barrier at the lowermost level of the floor. - In a way not shown, finally, the lower face of the
sheet section 5 may be coated with an insulating layer, in species cellular polyethylene some mm thick. This way, the heat bridge that usually affect floors near the beams is eliminated, caused by the higher heat conductivity of the concrete beams with respect to the rest of the floor, which comprises hollow tiles. - With reference to
figures 16, 17 and18 , according to another embodiment, astructural element 21 according to the invention is formed by a self-supporting framework, without concrete portions. - For its production integral to
metal sheet section 25, that contains the layer oflight material 28, two parallelstiff boards brackets 24. Themetal sheet section 25, in which the layer is arranged oflight material 28, is fixed to the self-supportingstructure 21 formed byboards brackets 24. - Before the union of the
boards brackets 24, anmetal framework 4 is inserted, useful for the reinforcement of the floor. - In
figure 16, 17 and18 asection 29 is also shown that insulates heat transfer throughboards - Figures from 19 to 23 are cross sections of other embodiments of the structural element, featuring respectively:
- absence of
section 29, for example whenboards - presence of a
transversal tube 26 that crosses thestructural element 21 and allows the passage through it of installation cables or tubes; -
bracket 24 extending up to the upper edge ofboards -
element 21 having different size, depending on the needs, with corresponding different shape ofbracket 24; -
structural element 21 withfastening screws 50 of twobrackets 24. - With reference to
figure 24 , a floor with structural elements like that offigure 16 can also be made with the aid ofauxiliary elements 34 and otherlight elements 40 that are arranged to span the floor. - In
figure 24 threestructural elements 21 are provided to whose endauxiliary elements 34 are connected, arranged also laterally, resting onside boards 32. Theauxiliary elements 34 havebrackets 39 with protrudingelements 39a (figure 25a and 25b ) suitable for sinking in the concrete of the floor casting.Brackets 39 can be pierced by the screws. Therefore, by arranging ascaffold boarding 42, according to a rectangle among fourupright columns 43, it is possible to cast the main girders on the scaffold boarding 42 with integration ofauxiliary elements 34. This way, under the final main girders plaster suspended ceilings can be fastened by piercingbrackets 39. - In a similar way, in
figure 26 a floor providesstructural elements 21, withauxiliary elements structural elements 21. For making, instead, surfaces that can be pierced for fastening the plaster suspended ceilings, areboards 36 are provided having hollow frames 37 (figures 27a and 27b ). -
Auxiliary elements figures 28, 29 and 30 . More precisely to the structural element offigure 16 are respectively connected: anend board 30, by means ofrivets 31; anend board 30 withside bracket 32, connected withrivets 33; as well as aside bracket 32 withside boards 34 connected withscrews 35. - A scaffold similar to that shown in
figures 24 or26 is shown infigure 31 , using stays 46 for supporting thescaffold boarding 42. Thehollow tiles 40 and thestructural elements 21 span the floor and support casting inplain concrete 45. - In
figure 32 how afloor 45 is made is shown using thestructural elements 21 andhollow tiles 40, for example in polystyrene, resting onboards 41, or continuous spanningelements 50, in foam material, for example polystyrene. -
Figure 33 is a cross sectional view of the floor as that offigure 32 , with continuous spanning elements ofpolystyrene 40 resting onboards 41. There are also: plaster suspendedceilings 9,installations 51, which pass throughchannels 38 between thestructural elements 21,upper layers - The foregoing description of a specific embodiment will so fully reveal the invention according to the conceptual point of view, so that others, by applying current knowledge, will be able to modify and/or adapt for various applications such an embodiment without further research and without parting from the invention, and it is therefore to be understood that such adaptations and modifications will have to be considered as equivalent to the specific embodiment. The means and the materials to realise the different functions described herein could have a different nature without, for this reason, departing from the field of the invention. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
Claims (12)
- A structural element such as a floor reinforced girder or pre-stressed concrete beam or similar, for making floors, roofs, etc., characterised in that it has a lower flat face to which a layer (5, 8, 25, 28) is integrated that can be perforated by screws (10) for fastening and supporting the weight of plaster suspended ceilings (9), wherein said layer (5, 8, 25, 28) that can be perforated by screws is formed by a box-shaped metal sheet section (5,25) in which a layer of light material (8,28) is present directly contacting a concrete casting (6),
wherein said structural element (21) comprises a self-supporting framework as an elongated girder partly embedded in said casting, under the elongated girder said sheet section (25) is provided so as to envelope, said light material layer (28) being arranged between the elongated framework and the metal sheet (25). - Structural element according to claims 1, comprising a concrete casting (6) with a lower wall in which said layer (5,8) that can be perforated by the screws (10) is integrated.
- Structural element according to claim 2, wherein said layer of light material (8) is chosen among polystyrene foam, polyurethan foam, wood.
- Structural element according to claim 2, wherein the external portion of said metal sheet section (5) is coated of a insulating layer, in species cellular polyethylene with thickness of several mm.
- Structural element according to claim 2, wherein said metal sheet section (5) has U-shaped cross section, said light material (8) being laid in said sheet section, the wings (11) of the sheet section extending beyond the layer of said light material (8), said wings (11) being connected to said casting (6) by fastening means to the concrete.
- Structural element according to claim 1, wherein said structural element (21) is formed by at least a couple of stiff parallel boards (22,23), which extend for all the length, joined to each other by a plurality of spaced transversal brackets (24).
- Method for the production of a structural element for making floors characterized in that it comprises the steps of:- prearranging a box-shaped metal sheet section (5,25), in which a light material layer (8, 28) is present,- association of said metal sheet section with a structural element (1,21), whereby, in use, the lower wall of said metal sheet section is a layer integrated to said structural element and that can be perforated by screws wherein the structural element is formed by a concrete casting, and is made in integration to said metal sheet section that contains the layer of light material (8, 28), according to the following steps:- prearranging a mould (7) for casting the structural element;- arranging in said mould a reinforcement (4), for example a steel framework;- putting, always in said mould, said metal sheet section (5) having a plain wall oriented towards below, in said section a light material layer (8) being arranged;and wherein the further steps are provided of:- introducing in the mould said sheet section (5) having a flat face oriented towards below that lays on the bottom of the mould (7), in said sheet section a layer of light material being pre-arranged(8);- casting concrete in said mould incorporating said sheet section, said layer (8) and at least part of said reinforcement (4);- extracting the structural element (1) after hardening comprising a lower face in sheet section (5) and the layer in light material (8) integrated to the concrete (6) and to the relative reinforcement (4) that is set between the concrete and the sheet section (5).
- Method according to claim 7, wherein the further steps are provided of:- introducing in the mould (7) a reinforcement (4) having a plurality of brackets (13) oriented towards below and capable of protruding from the concrete (6) after casting;- putting on the bottom of said mould (7) and between said brackets (13) a layer of light material (8);- casting concrete (6) into said mould (7) incorporating part of said reinforcement (4) and of said brackets (13) and, beneath, said layer of light material (8);- once the casting (6) is hardened, fastening by means of screws (12) or rivets said sheet section (5) to said brackets (13), said sheet section (5) having a flat face oriented towards below and enclosing said layer of light material (8).
- Method according to claim 7, wherein the length of the sheet section (5) extends for all the length of the structural element, said sheet section (5) having a lower flat face that covers all the bottom of the mould (7), whereby the lower face of the structural element is completely of sheet section (5).
- Method according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of portions (5') is provided of said sheet section arranged aligned longitudinally, spaced and centred transversally, the width of said portions being less than the width of said mould (7), whereby the lower face of the structural element (1') is of concrete alternated to a row of spaced portions of sheet section (5).
- Method according to claim 7, wherein the structural element (21) is formed by a self-supporting framework, without concrete portions, and for its embodiment in integration to the metal sheet section that contains the layer of light material the steps are provided of:- arranging a couple of parallel stiff boards (22,23), which extend for all the length of the structural element (21);- joining said boards by means of a plurality of transversal spaced brackets (24);- fastening said metal sheet section (25) wherein said light material layer (28) is arranged, to said self-supporting structure (21) formed by said boards (22,23) and said brackets (24).
- Method according to claim 11, wherein before the union of the boards (22,23) with the brackets (24), a metal framework (4) can be inserted, useful for the reinforcement of the floor.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02702585A EP1362148B1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-02-18 | Structural element for application of plaster suspended ceilings on floors |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01830105A EP1233116A1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2001-02-16 | Structural element for application of plaster suspended ceilings on floors |
EP18301051 | 2001-02-16 | ||
PCT/IB2002/000481 WO2002066761A1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-02-18 | Structural element for application of plaster suspended ceilings on floors |
EP02702585A EP1362148B1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-02-18 | Structural element for application of plaster suspended ceilings on floors |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1362148A1 EP1362148A1 (en) | 2003-11-19 |
EP1362148B1 true EP1362148B1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
Family
ID=8184405
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01830105A Withdrawn EP1233116A1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2001-02-16 | Structural element for application of plaster suspended ceilings on floors |
EP02702585A Expired - Lifetime EP1362148B1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-02-18 | Structural element for application of plaster suspended ceilings on floors |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01830105A Withdrawn EP1233116A1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2001-02-16 | Structural element for application of plaster suspended ceilings on floors |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1233116A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE544918T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002066761A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1264024B (en) * | 1958-10-28 | 1968-03-21 | Erwin Neuwirth | Prefabricated support for the assembly and reinforcement of concrete ceilings |
DE1271955B (en) * | 1961-05-24 | 1968-07-04 | Harald Richter Dr Ing | Trough-like formwork stone for the concrete-embedded lower chord of Montagetraegernod. like |
US4041664A (en) * | 1970-05-28 | 1977-08-16 | Davis Jr George Bradley | Joist, structural element and devices used in making same |
FR2319749A1 (en) * | 1975-07-30 | 1977-02-25 | Halfeneisen Gmbh Co Kg | Fixing rail for corgueated sheets - has holes for parker screw and honeycomb plastic matrix inside inverted rail anchored to concrete |
FR2534298B1 (en) * | 1982-10-08 | 1985-07-12 | Joannes Andre | BEAM DEVICE WITH BUILT-IN THERMAL INSULATION |
FR2580015A1 (en) * | 1985-04-03 | 1986-10-10 | Silix Cie Davum Dfc | Floor element and insulating floor comprising such elements |
FR2669664B1 (en) * | 1990-11-23 | 1997-10-31 | Saret France Ppb | PROFILE FOR FIXING COVERING ELEMENTS SUCH AS A COVER ON A CONCRETE ELEMENT SUCH AS A BEAM. |
-
2001
- 2001-02-16 EP EP01830105A patent/EP1233116A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-02-18 WO PCT/IB2002/000481 patent/WO2002066761A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-18 EP EP02702585A patent/EP1362148B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-18 AT AT02702585T patent/ATE544918T1/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE544918T1 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
EP1362148A1 (en) | 2003-11-19 |
WO2002066761A1 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
EP1233116A1 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
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