EP1361330A2 - Explosion resisting building closure - Google Patents

Abstract

Device (10) for sealing an opening in a building comprises a filling (3) surrounded by frame elements (1, 2) which are connected in a force-locking manner to adjacent building parts by fixing elements. Right-angled plates (4) are fixed on the frame elements on at least two opposite-lying sides of the building sealing device. At least one tension arm (7) of a plate runs in the region of the soffit (L) of the opening and at least one support arm (8) of a plate runs a distance away from a visible side (9) of the building part adjoining the opening. Preferred Features: The fixing elements are wall anchors penetrating slots (11) in the tension arm running parallel to the direction of possible displacement.

Description

The invention relates to a blast-resistant running executed building closure, with an opening in a building is closed and a filling and this in the comprising substantially surrounding frame members, wherein the frame members by means of fasteners with adjacent to the opening building parts frictionally are connectable.

Under building completion within the meaning of the present application, in particular doors or windows are understood, the latter being both rigid and rotatable and / or tiltable can be executed. In principle, however, also all other possible areal come Elements such as facade elements or the like, be it metal and / or plastic and / or Considered glass and / or wood, into consideration, with which a building opening is closed. The term frame elements is intended to be defined in the present application as meaning that under legs of window frames or in rotating and / or tilting windows also Wing frames are to be understood, these frames being made of plastic profiles and / or metal, in particular aluminum but also steel, or may consist of wood. In particular, characterized by explosion-inhibiting executed building closures from that they have pressure waves, as they do especially in detonations outside of buildings occur, withstand without the filling is broken or the building completion including, in its entirety, its frame elements from the parts of the building adjoining the opening, with which the building closure is positively connected, torn out becomes.

In the generally known blast-resistant executed building completions as described for example in DE 37 06 401 C2 are used as fasteners especially screws and dowels used in holes in the soffit can be introduced, the dowels can either be made of metal and the screws have a machine thread. Alternatively, it is also widely used To use plastic dowels, which usually interact with screws with wood thread.

As a disadvantage, it has been found in the aforementioned fasteners that this for a secure anchoring of the building completion then not suitable if the Building parts, in which the associated holes are introduced, not the necessary strength exhibit. This can especially with old buildings with "crumbly" stone materials or also sanding or at least not sufficiently solid plaster in the area of the soffit Be a case. However, difficulties with the aforementioned fasteners also occur then, if - as in new buildings often - Hollow bricks are used in which the air chambers make up a substantial part of the stone material. For large pressure loads can cause the conventional attachment of building completions that these are completely torn out of their anchorages.

Furthermore, from DE 35 45 173 A1 an explosive effect designed window assembly known, which has a special design for combination with a shutter having. The window frame is on the outer surface of the window opening having Building wall and not anchored in the soffit. This anchoring is done with help a cross-sectionally Z-shaped profile surrounding the window frame circumferentially. The the Filling composite glass sheet is supported on a permanently deformable hollow body in the form of a cross-sectionally rectangular plastic tube body, in the case a blast occurring during a blast by the of the laminated glass pane applied force is permanently deformed. While the Z-shaped retaining profile with his on the outer surface of the window opening located leg directly on this outer surface is applied and fixed there by means of anchors, finds a relative movement between the laminated glass and the Z-shaped profile. Moreover, by the immediate steaming Connection between the laminated glass pane and the Z-shaped profile opening the known window not possible.

The invention is therefore based on the object, a blast-resistant building completion to propose, even with materials of adjacent building parts, which only have insufficient strength, can be securely anchored.

Based on a building completion of the type described above, this task According to the invention solved in that on at least two opposite sides of the Building right angle tabs are attached to the frame elements, wherein in each case at least one draw leg of the tabs in the vicinity of the reveal of the opening runs and in each case at least one support leg of the tab on a view side of the at Aperture adjoining building part.

In the building completion according to the invention thus takes place the support in one direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the filling forces by means of Lugs whose support legs in terms of their parallel to the view side of the opening adjoining building part extending surface can be dimensioned so large that the surface pressure can be reduced so much that also masonry materials with lower strength even at high pressure load on the window is not damaged become. In addition to the surface defined by the support leg, there is another possibility for influencing the surface pressure caused in the case of loading in that the number of tabs used per building completion is varied. That is how it is on the one hand the possibility therein, with lower demands on the stability, attach the tabs only on two opposite sides of the building closure, whereas with the highest demands on the blast resistance inhibition the tabs also be attached to all (four) pages. Another advantage of building completion can be seen in the fact that the introduction of force into the surrounding building parts of the opening - Considering the positive pressure wave - takes place on the pressure-loaded side and therefore the entire wall thickness has a supporting effect. On the other hand, there is a fortification the building closure with the help of anchor-like fasteners, which are in the middle the soffit are attached, the risk that - especially at lower wall thicknesses in Combination with correspondingly low material strength - behind in the loading direction the fastening elements arranged wall parts in larger pieces in the direction of Room inside are broken out. In the solution according to the invention wall parts would have be squeezed out in the strength of the entire wall, which, given the already diminished Surface pressure and thus avoided notch or wedge effect almost is excluded.

An essential feature of the invention is the fact that in the initial state of the mounted Window between the support leg of the tabs and the associated viewing surface the building wall has a gap. Only after this distance is reduced, will a force introduced into the surrounding building part. Because the reduction of the distance between Supporting leg and view side of the building part taking place under an energy consumption, the load of the building part is significantly reduced compared to a case where, for example a Z-shaped retaining profile rigid and without spacing and damping against the viewing surface of the building part is applied. If between the support surfaces of the tabs and is the view side of the building part in the installed state air, is an energy consumption in the Provide area of the soffit, where a connection between the drawbar and the Masonry must be given. Alternatively, it is also possible to use the space between the support leg and the view side of the building part with a in its compression energy-absorbing damping material to be filled, the filling partially or completely done. The result is certainly not at the beginning of the Pressure wave entering force introduction into the surrounding masonry the peak load significantly reduced.

According to one embodiment of the subject invention, it is provided that between the Support leg and the associated abutment surface of the view side of the building part Damping element is arranged and that further anchor-like fasteners in the area of the building's closing leg, which is a move of the building close in a direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the filling allow.

As a result of this measure, the parts of the building surrounding the opening are to be taken up Force further reduced, as part of the energy through the intermediate damping elements previously destroyed. The larger the occurring during the introduction of force Relocation of the building closure in the direction of force and also the larger the occurring Force is, the higher is the energy absorbed during this process and the more less possibly occurring at the end of the displacement path and of the building parts to be picked up power point.

A particularly advantageous development in this context is that the Fasteners conventional anchor, for example, arranged in dowels screws are that penetrate the Zugschenkel in oblong holes, which are parallel to the direction of the possible shift. In this way it is also prevented that the tabs dodge in a direction parallel to the plane defined by the filling.

As damping elements, for example, plastically deformable metal strips, for example can be formed trough or roof-shaped or elastically deformable Plastic materials with gas inclusions, such as sponge rubber or neoprene, Find use.

In order to safely support the counter to the main load direction acting reflection forces to get that occur after the pressure wave at the building completion is reflected, it makes sense to form the tabs U-shaped. If such U-shaped Tabs consist of two L-shaped parts by screwing or welding are connected to each other, is also in the subsequent installation of the invention Building completion a simple installation possible.

An easy way to connect the building closure with the tabs is in that they are bolted to a frame element. The screw connection is particular therefore advantageous because in this case also different materials in the Frame element (eg aluminum) and the tabs (eg steel) combined can be.

Fig. 1

eine Außenansicht eines in Form eines Dreh-Kipp-Fensters ausgeführten Gebäudeabschlusses mit an sämtlichen vier Seiten des Blendrahmens angeordneten Laschen;

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie II-II durch den Blendrahmen und den Flügelrahmen des Gebäudeabschlusses nach Figur 1;

Fig. 3

wie Figur 2, jedoch mit U-förmigen Laschen;

Fig. 4

wie Figur 3, jedoch mit U-förmigen Laschen, die aus zwei L-förmigen Laschen zusammengesetzt sind;

Fig. 5

wie Figur 4, jedoch mit in vertikale Richtung versetzt angeordnet und entgegengesetzt ausgerichteten L-förmigen Laschen;

Fig. 6

eine Vorderansicht der Laschen gemäß Figur 5;

Fig. 7

wie Figur 2, jedoch mit einer Verschiebemöglichkeit zwischen Lasche und zugeordnetem Rahmenelement und

Fig. 8

eine Seitenansicht des Blendrahmens des Gebäudeabschlusses nach Figur 7.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to several embodiments of a building completion shown in the drawing. It shows:

Fig. 1

an external view of a completed in the form of a tilt-turn window building closure with arranged on all four sides of the frame lugs;

Fig. 2

a cross section along the line II-II through the frame and the sash of the building closure of Figure 1;

Fig. 3

like Figure 2, but with U-shaped tabs;

Fig. 4

like Figure 3, but with U-shaped tabs, which are composed of two L-shaped tabs;

Fig. 5

as Figure 4, but arranged offset in the vertical direction and oppositely oriented L-shaped tabs;

Fig. 6

a front view of the tabs of Figure 5;

Fig. 7

like Figure 2, but with a possibility to move between tab and associated frame member and

Fig. 8

a side view of the frame of the building closure of Figure 7.

An illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 Gebäudeabschluß 10 consists of a frame 1, consisting of two horizontal frame legs 1H and two vertical frame legs 1V is composed of a rotatable and tiltable mounted therein sash 2, the also from two opposite horizontal and vertical frame legs is composed in the known manner. The sash 2 includes one round Filling 3, which consists of four mutually parallel glass panes 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 consists.

All four legs 1V and 1H of the frame 1 are each provided with three tabs 4, with the help of two tapping screws 5 with the executed as a hollow profile Frame 1 are screwed. Each tab 4 consists of a parallel to the soffit L a building part 6 extending drawbar legs 7 and a perpendicular thereto aligned Support leg 8, which runs parallel to a view side 9 of the building part 6 at a distance. Furthermore, the drawbar 7 of each tab 4 is provided with a slot 11, through which a screw 12 is passed, which is inserted into a bore 13 in a Dowel 14 is anchored. To compensate for dimensional tolerances and to facilitate assembly supports the drawbar 7 of the tab 4 on a Unterlegklotz 15 made of hardwood or Plastic on the soffit L off.

If an explosion occurs on the outside of the building, compressive forces act in the direction of the building the arrows 16 on the building closure 10 and try to move it in the same direction. The closed casement 2 on the well-known not shown Locking elements in the frame 1 forwarded forces are in the form of Tensile forces in the drawbar 7 of the tabs 4 transferred to finally on the one hand in shape Friction forces from the screw heads and on the other hand in the form of compressive forces in Contact area between the support leg 8 of the tab 4 and the associated abutment surface 17 of the view page 9 to be introduced into the building part 6. Due to the large number of tabs 4 and the sufficiently large-sized contact surface of the Support leg 8, the surface pressure in the region of the abutment surfaces 17 is so small that even with a material of the building part 6, which has only low strength values, a sufficiently safe and non-destructive introduction of force is possible. Is it due to the by the Unterlegklotz 15 conditional distance between the drawbar 7 and the soffit L of the building part 6 to a slight bending of the projecting portion of the supporting leg 8, this energy is consumed and the peak load reducing Deformation by the slots 11 in the drawbar 7 of the tab 4 allows.

In the area of the abutment surface between the view side 9 of the building part 6 and the Support leg 8 of the tab 4 is a damping element 21 made of an elastic porous Plastic material such as sponge rubber or neoprene arranged. The load case occurring shift of the building closure 10 in the direction of the building interior is made possible by the slots 11 in the tabs 4. By the deformation the damping elements 21 consumed energy is introduced into the building part 6 reduced maximum force. It is in the screws 12 - apart from friction forces - no transverse force initiated, so that punctual force attacks with high surface pressures, the especially masonry with low strength would cause problems avoided become. The screws 12 serve essentially to avoid the tabs 4 perpendicular to the soffit L in case of load to prevent. It is alternative to use the damping elements 21 also possible between the support legs 8 and the view side 9 of the building part 6 to leave a free space. An energy intake takes up to that Time at which the support legs 8 come to rest, only in the area of the screws 12th and long holes 11 in the area of the soffit L instead.

In the following description of Figures 3 to 10 are components that compared with the previously discussed Figures 1 and 2 are identical, with the matching reference numerals Mistake.

Figure 3 shows another building completion 30, in which the tabs 34 are U-shaped, and provided on both sides of view 9 of the building part 6, each with a support leg 38 are each located on both sides arranged damping elements 41 on the corresponding Support abutment surfaces 37. The U-shaped tabs 34 are in the assembly in a first step without the actual window mounted and that with the help of first only one screw 12, on the inside or the outside of the building closure 30 may be arranged. In a next step, the window is inserted and connected by means of welding points or seams 31 with the tabs 34. Then you can the tab 34 are connected by means of the respective second screw 12 on the other side. The damping elements 41 effect both in the positive pressure wave and in the subsequently caused by their reflection load minimizing the in the building part 6 initiated maximum forces.

For example, on the production of the welded joint between the frame 1 and Lasche 54 to be able to do without on the site, but without the arrangement of support legs 58, 58 'have to forego two opposite viewing sides 9, are the tabs 54 of the building closure shown in Figure 4 are made in two parts and consist from an outside tab 56 and an inside tab 57, which coincide in the area Long holes 51 by means of a common screw 12 in the building part 6 are anchored, wherein under the drawbar 59 of the outside flap a Unterlegklotz 53 is arranged to compensate for dimensional tolerances. In each case between the support legs 58, 58 'and the associated abutment surfaces are located on the building part 6 Damping elements 52 made of an elastic porous plastic material.

In Figures 5 and 6, a building completion 60 is shown, in which in the direction of Legs 1V and 1H of the frame 1 alternately outside tabs 64 and inside Tabs 64 'are arranged. While both types of tabs 64 and 64 'means Welds or welds 65 are connected to the frame 1, are the outside tabs 64 connected by means of two screws 12 to the building part 6, whereas this is the case with the inner side tabs 64 'only with a screw 12 is. While either the outside tabs 64 or the inside tabs 64 'already be connected to the frame 1 before installation of the building closure 60 can (by welding but also by screwing), each other Tabs 64, 64 'only after insertion of the building closure 60 in the closed building opening inserted into the remaining gap between the frame 1 and soffit L. and - preferably by welding - connected to the frame 1 and then bolted to the building part 6. Again, both types of tabs 64, 64 ' provided with slots 11 for the screws 12 and are supported by damping elements 62 on the respective view page 9 of the building part 6 from.

Finally, in Figures 7 and 8 still another variant of a building closure 70, in which the connection between the frame 1 and a merely L-shaped Tab 74 via a connected to the tab 74 coupling plate 75 takes place. These has two elongated holes 70 in which screws 77, which in corresponding holes in are screwed to the frame 1, are slidably received. The coupling plate 75 is connected via a connecting piece 78 with the drawbar 79 of the tab 74 by welding coupled so that above the connector 78, a free space for the Sliding movement of the screws 77 remains in the slots 76. At one by an explosion conditional pressure effect in the direction of the arrows 16 is thus - starting from the in Figures 9 and 10 illustrated starting position - a shift of the frame 1, i. the entire building completion 70 in the direction of arrow 80 possible. At this inevitably frictional displacement, which in all around the frame 1 distributed tabs 74 takes place, is already a part of acting on the building closure 70 Absorbed pressure energy, so that the occurring at the end of the displacement and on the support legs 89 of the tabs 74 on the building part 6 initiated force clearly is reduced. Again, there is a relative movement between the tabs 74 and the soffit L possible, between the support legs 89 and the opposite abutment surface an elastoplastic damping element 81 is arranged.

Claims (7)

Explosion-resistant executed building closure (10, 30, 50, 60, 70), with an opening in a building is closed and a filling (3) and this substantially enclosing frame members (1, 2), wherein the frame members (1 , 2) by means of fastening elements with adjacent to the opening parts of the building (6) are frictionally connected, characterized in that on at least two opposite sides of the building closure (10, 30, 50, 60, 70) right-angled tabs (4, 34, 54, 64 , 64 ', 74) are fastened to the frame elements (1, 2), wherein in each case at least one draw limb (7, 59, 79) of the tabs (4, 34, 54, 64, 64', 74) in the vicinity of the soffit (L) of the opening extends and in each case at least one substantially perpendicular thereto extending support leg (8, 38, 58, 81) of the tabs (4, 34, 54, 64, 64 ', 74) at a distance from a view side (9) of the adjacent to the opening part of the building runs. Building closure according to claim 1, characterized in that between the support leg (8, 38, 58) and the associated abutment surface (17) of the view side (9) of the building part (6), a damping element (21, 41, 52, 62, 81) is, and that further anchor-like fastening elements in the region of the drawbar (7, 59) are arranged and allow a displacement of the building closure (10, 30, 50, 60, 70) in a plane perpendicular to the plane defined by the filling (3) direction. Building closure according to claim 2, characterized in that the fastening elements are anchors which penetrate the draw legs (7, 37) in oblong holes (11) which run parallel to the direction of possible displacement. Building closure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the damping element (21, 41, 52, 62) is a plastically deformable sheet metal strip. Building closure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the damping element (21, 41, 52, 62) consists of an elastically deformable plastic material with gas inclusions. Building closure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the U-shaped tabs (54) consist of two L-shaped parts (56, 57) which are connected to one another by screwing or welding. Building closure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a frame element (1) of the building closure (10, 70) with the associated tabs (4, 74) is screwed.

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