EP1358685A1 - Method for producing a light-emitting device and a corresponding light-emitting device - Google Patents
Method for producing a light-emitting device and a corresponding light-emitting deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP1358685A1 EP1358685A1 EP02711838A EP02711838A EP1358685A1 EP 1358685 A1 EP1358685 A1 EP 1358685A1 EP 02711838 A EP02711838 A EP 02711838A EP 02711838 A EP02711838 A EP 02711838A EP 1358685 A1 EP1358685 A1 EP 1358685A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- polymer
- monomer
- light
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a light-emitting device, which in particular can emit visible light, and a light-emitting device.
- OLEDs Organic light-emitting devices
- LCD displays Li-diodes
- OLEDs Organic light-emitting devices
- OLEDs have promising properties for flat screens, for example, because they allow a significantly larger viewing angle compared to LCD displays, and as self-illuminating displays they also enable reduced power consumption compared to backlit LCD displays.
- OLEDs can be produced as thin, flexible films that are particularly suitable for special applications in lighting and display technology.
- Polymer layers do not have the desired layer homogeneity.
- OLEDs the electroluminescent layers of which are composed of molecules of smaller molar masses, can be produced by vacuum deposition (PVD, physical vapor deposition) of these layers.
- PVD vacuum deposition
- Multi-layer systems can generally be deposited using this method without any fundamental technological barriers, since the layers that are to be newly applied do not destroy the layers that have already been vapor-deposited if the production parameters are selected appropriately.
- the reproducible production of sufficiently uniform layers is technologically very complex and the vapor deposition of large areas is associated with comparatively high production costs.
- Polymer coatings on small-area substrates are mostly used for spin coating, since they can be used to produce homogeneous, thin films without significant technical effort.
- the loss of material is significant since the majority of the applied material is spun off the surface to be coated again during spin coating. Since the electroluminescent polymers in particular are mostly relatively expensive, the low material efficiency of spin coating leads to increased production costs.
- Another important disadvantage of spin coating is that the technical requirements for coating large areas quickly become complex and expensive with this method and that areas of any size cannot generally be coated sufficiently uniformly.
- OLEDs of high efficiency generally require more than one organic layer in the layer structure. These must be able to be applied to one another without the individual layers mixing together in an uncontrolled manner or layers which have already been applied being dissolved again.
- the difficulty is to find orthogonal solvents for the third and the further layers.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating or at least reducing the above difficulties in the production of organic layers, in particular for the production of OLEDs.
- This object is already achieved in a surprisingly simple manner by a method according to claim 1 or claim 25 and a light-emitting device according to claim 37,
- the first layer preferably having a high work function and in particular preferably being able to serve as an ohmic hole injection electrode
- the contact can advantageously serve as a rectification contact in a light-emitting diode structure. If after or during the dip coating a polymerization or partial polymerization of the monomer or the polymer or the mixture of at least one monomer and / or at least one polymer is carried out, the dip coating process can not only be carried out very quickly and a solid applied layer is very quickly available , it also succeeds in influencing the viscosity during the dip coating and applying defined layers with high accuracy and high uniformity by the degree of polymerization.
- Polymerization or crosslinking of a polymer layer can also be carried out after or during the dip coating. This will make the
- Solubility of applied layers in the solvents of subsequent coatings is greatly reduced, so that there are no restrictions in the choice of suitable solvents when producing a layer system, or the use of orthogonal solvents can be dispensed with.
- the polymerization is preferably effected by UV or light radiation, ion or electron radiation, thermal action, chemical action or by a total of UV or light radiation, ion or electron radiation, thermal action and / or chemical action.
- Substrate is a glass substrate that is extremely well suited to shielding the applied layer against environmental influences.
- the glass substrate have a thickness of less than 150 ⁇ m, because this allows extremely thin lighting devices to be realized.
- a high degree of flexibility can be achieved with adequate diffusion shut-off at the same time.
- the dip coating can also advantageously be carried out in a controlled atmosphere, in particular an inert gas atmosphere, the solvent concentration in particular being controlled in the atmosphere in order to control the evaporation and drying behavior of the layer.
- dip coating is carried out in a protective gas atmosphere, influences by air humidity, solvents and additional reactants can be avoided.
- the dip coating is carried out in an environment which is enriched with a chemical, polymerization-generating species in order to thereby exert a defined influence on the polymerization.
- a plurality of layers with a monomer or a polymer or a mixture of at least one monomer and / or at least one polymer are applied in succession, the next layer advantageously being applied only after the polymerization or partial polymerization of the preceding layer.
- the method can also advantageously include the step of crosslinking at least one of the layers.
- the method can also include the crosslinking of at least two of the layers at their common interface.
- the individual layers are thus connected directly to one another in their interface, which is advantageous for the conductivity and homogeneity of the interface between the layers.
- the monomer or polymer or mixture of at least one monomer and a polymer of a previous layer is in each case not or only barely soluble in the subsequent layer and / or in a solvent of a solution of a subsequent dip coating.
- At least one of the layers advantageously comprises an electroluminescent material.
- the generally transparent conductive first layer advantageously comprises an electronegative metal, such as gold.
- the transparent conductive first layer generally acts as an anode of the light-emitting device.
- the first conductive layer can also be particularly useful.
- conductive transparent plastics or grids made of metallic sheets can also be used.
- such a conductive layer allows selectively supplying voltage to individual regions of the substrate.
- the transparent conductive first layer can also have a conductive metal oxide, such as indium / tin oxide.
- the electron injecting contact generally acts as a cathode in the light emitting device.
- the electron-injecting contact can advantageously comprise calcium.
- Calcium has a low work function of about 2 eV, so that the energy gap between the conduction electrons and the vacuum level can be well adapted to the LUMO level ("Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital") of many organic electroluminescent materials and thus can inject electrons into the LUMO level. Accordingly, depending on the material of the electroluminescent layer, other contact materials can also be used.
- electroluminescent polymers or polymers can be used for further OLED-relevant organic layers or corresponding polymerizing monomers which can be crosslinked or polymerized.
- Such substances are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,107,452, which is fully incorporated into the present application by reference.
- the polymers described in the publications EP 0 573 549, EP 800563 AI, EP 800563 B1 and EP 1006169 AI can also be used, the viscosity of the solvent being adjustable by the solvent content, so that the desired layer thicknesses can be Draw speed, the degree of saturation of the atmosphere with solvent, the existing temperature and an already existing partial polymerization.
- Dip coating or “dip coating” allows organic substances to be deposited in the form of thin films on a substrate from a liquid phase, the films or layers being distinguished by a high degree of uniformity. It is particularly advantageous in this process that even large-area substrates can be coated without any problems.
- the materials described above are generally placed in a container which is open at the top and into which the substrate to be coated is immersed and pulled out at a defined speed, a film of the materials described above remaining on the substrate with a defined thickness, which then crosslinks or is polymerized.
- the interface between the organic layers is also of crucial importance for the electrical and optical properties of a light-emitting device.
- the method according to the invention creates an intimate contact that is homogeneous over the entire surface of the light-emitting device.
- a variant of the invention provides a method for producing a light-emitting device which can in particular emit visible light, the method comprising the step of applying at least a first and a second organic layer to a substrate and at least one of the organic layers is applied by means of dip coating, and at least one layer is polymerized and / or crosslinked.
- the first and second layers are advantageously applied to one another in such a way that the first and second layers are crosslinked.
- the dip coating can be carried out such that a monomer or after or during the dip coating process
- Polymer or a mixture of at least one monomer and a polymer is polymerized.
- the layers can be crosslinked with one another during the polymerization process.
- This process also offers the possibility of depositing insoluble polymers from soluble monomers or polymers on the substrate.
- the polymerization can advantageously be effected by UV radiation, ion or electron radiation, thermal action, chemical action or by a sum of UV radiation, ion or electron radiation, thermal action and / or chemical action.
- an organic layer can be deposited, for example, with a preferably pronounced hole conductivity which advantageously has PEDOT (polyethylene dioxythiophene) and / or PEDOT-PSS (polyethylene dioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonic acid) and / or PANI (polyaniline).
- PEDOT polyethylene dioxythiophene
- PEDOT-PSS polyethylene dioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonic acid
- PANI polyaniline
- Layers comprising these materials are particularly suitable for balancing electron and hole currents through the electroluminescent layer and thus increasing the efficiency of the organic light-emitting device.
- Organic substances which have paraphenyl vinylene derivatives (PPV derivatives) and / or polyfluorenes are suitable for electroluminescent layers.
- a dye or a dye can advantageously also be embedded in at least one of the organic layers. This enables, for example, electroluminescent layers with special dyes as active substances or as electroluminescent materials that cannot be polymerized themselves. It is particularly advantageous if the dyes or dyes are embedded in a polymer matrix.
- Pigments can also be embedded in at least one of the organic layers in order to influence the color impression or the emitted light spectrum.
- Crosslinking at least one organic layer makes it possible to produce particularly stable layers which are particularly resistant to solvents when depositing further layers.
- a contact layer can advantageously be applied to the substrate before the organic layers are applied.
- the layer can serve both as an anode and as a cathode for the organic light-emitting device. Accordingly, a contact layer can be applied to the applied organic layers for electrical contacting of the device.
- the material is advantageously chosen so that this contact layer acts as a cathode if a material acting as an anode has been used as a contact layer on the substrate and vice versa.
- Suitable layer substances can be used for both contact layers in each case the materials described above, such as gold as anodic or electronegative material or calcium as cathodic or electron-injecting material.
- the invention is not limited to the materials described above, since the person skilled in the art can easily specify further electroluminescent materials which can be crosslinked or polymerized and whose viscosity can be influenced.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a device for
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross section through an embodiment of the light-emitting
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a further embodiment of the light-emitting device
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section through yet another embodiment of the light-emitting device.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a device for dip coating substrates.
- This device is particularly suitable for carrying out methods according to the invention for the production of organic light-emitting devices.
- the device comprises a container or a cuvette 2, as well as a substrate holder 4, to which one is attached
- Substrate 1 can be moved in or against the direction of the arrow.
- the cuvette 2 is filled with a liquid 3 for the dip coating of the substrate.
- the liquid consists of a solvent in which suitable polymers and / or monomers are dissolved.
- the substrate immersed in the solvent 3 at the start of the dip coating is then slowly pulled out of the cuvette, a liquid film 6 adhering to the surface of the substrate 1 due to the adhesive forces between the substrate and the solvent.
- the monomer or the polymer or the mixture of at least one monomer and / or at least one polymer can be polymerized or crosslinked.
- the polymerization can be effected, for example, by UV or light radiation, ion or electron radiation, thermal action, chemical action or by a total of UV radiation, ion or electron radiation, thermal action and / or chemical action.
- crosslinking and / or polymerization can take place, for example, in a region 5 above the liquid 3 by one of the above-mentioned actions.
- a crosslinking of the deposited polymers can also be carried out in order to ensure a high resistance of the polymer layer, in particular to solvents in the subsequent ones
- the Light-emitting device 7 has a glass substrate 8, on which a transparent conductive layer 10 is applied, via which the device can be contacted and through which the light emitted by the device 7 can pass, so that it can pass through the glass substrate becomes visible through it.
- the transparent conductive layer can be made of indium / tin oxide, for example.
- an electroluminescent layer 12 is applied to the substrate 7 coated with the conductive transparent layer 10, the application being carried out by means of dip coating. Layer 12 may subsequently have been polymerized and / or crosslinked for dip coating or during the coating process.
- a further conductive layer 14 is applied to the electroluminescent layer 12 as the counter electrode to layer 10, so that an electrical voltage can be applied between the layers 10 and 14, through which electrical charge is transported through the electroluminescent layer 12 and the luminescence is triggered.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a further embodiment of the light-emitting device.
- This embodiment differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 in that it has two organic layers 12 and 13, the substrate 8 initially being coated with a conductive contact layer 10, as in the example above, to which a transparent conductive polymer layer 12 is applied.
- the electroluminescent layer 12 is in turn applied to the conductive layer 13.
- One or both of the polymer layers 12 and 13 can be applied by dip coating.
- at least one of the layers is polymerized or crosslinked.
- the layers applied first are preferably crosslinked or polymerized so that they pass through the following process steps can no longer be adversely affected. In particular, damage caused by swelling, dissolving, dissolving or detaching is avoided.
- the coating with the electroluminescent layer 12 can be carried out in such a way that crosslinking or cross-linking occurs at the interface 15 between molecules of the layers 12 and 13, so that intimate contact is established between the two layers, which is positive Influences the mechanical stability and the homogeneity of the electrical resistance along the surface of the device.
- the layer 13 serves as a hole transport layer, through which, among other things, a potential adaptation of the substrate-side electrical contact with the electroluminescent layer 12 can be achieved.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic cross section through yet another embodiment of the light-emitting device.
- This embodiment differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in that it has a layer sequence of a plurality of organic layers 121, 122, 123, ..., 12N. At least one of the layers 121, 122, 123, ..., 12N can advantageously be crosslinked and / or polymerized, for example in order to achieve improved stability of the layer.
- individual coatings can also be carried out in such a way that crosslinking or "cross-linking" at at least one of the interfaces 151, 152,..., 15N between molecules of the respectively adjacent layers arises.
- individual layers 121, 122, 123, ..., 12N can be used, for example, as electroluminescent layers, pigment-doped layers, serve as ohmic hole injection electrodes or electron-injecting layers.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10105611 | 2001-02-06 | ||
DE10105611 | 2001-02-06 | ||
PCT/EP2002/001227 WO2002063700A1 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2002-02-06 | Method for producing a light-emitting device and a corresponding light-emitting device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1358685A1 true EP1358685A1 (en) | 2003-11-05 |
Family
ID=7673212
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02711838A Withdrawn EP1358685A1 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2002-02-06 | Method for producing a light-emitting device and a corresponding light-emitting device |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040101618A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1358685A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100369285C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002063700A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0329364D0 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-01-21 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Optical device |
US7629061B2 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2009-12-08 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Heterostructure devices using cross-linkable polymers |
DE102004044576B4 (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2007-09-27 | Schott Ag | Process and apparatus for liquid coating and their use |
EP1836001A4 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2009-08-05 | Du Pont | Organic electronic devices and methods |
JP2007035423A (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-08 | Seiko Epson Corp | Manufacturing method of electroluminescent device |
US7772761B2 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2010-08-10 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Organic electrophosphorescence device having interfacial layers |
WO2008018026A2 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-14 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Active matrix displays and other electronic devices having plastic substrates |
CN104600203B (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2017-02-22 | 合肥京东方光电科技有限公司 | Luminous layer and preparation method thereof, organic electroluminescent device and display device |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4826466A (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1989-05-02 | Arco Industries Corporation | Steering column boot |
JP3069139B2 (en) * | 1990-03-16 | 2000-07-24 | 旭化成工業株式会社 | Dispersion type electroluminescent device |
DE4325885A1 (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1995-02-09 | Basf Ag | Electroluminescent arrangement |
JP3463362B2 (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 2003-11-05 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | Method of manufacturing electroluminescent device and electroluminescent device |
EP0698649A1 (en) * | 1994-08-26 | 1996-02-28 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of thermoplastically processible long time stable electroluminescent materials |
US5627364A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1997-05-06 | Tdk Corporation | Linear array image sensor with thin-film light emission element light source |
US5703436A (en) * | 1994-12-13 | 1997-12-30 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Transparent contacts for organic devices |
DE19500912A1 (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1996-07-18 | Basf Ag | Electroluminescent arrangement |
JP3865406B2 (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 2007-01-10 | 住友化学株式会社 | 2,7-Aryl-9-substituted fluorene and 9-substituted fluorene oligomers and polymers |
JPH10183112A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-14 | Sony Corp | Electroluminescent element |
GB9718393D0 (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1997-11-05 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Electroluminescent Device |
GB2331765A (en) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-06-02 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Sputter deposition onto organic material using neon as the discharge gas |
US6361885B1 (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 2002-03-26 | Organic Display Technology | Organic electroluminescent materials and device made from such materials |
JP2000003783A (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 2000-01-07 | Tdk Corp | Organic electroluminescent display device |
EP1011154B1 (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2010-04-21 | Sony Deutschland GmbH | Polyimide layer comprising functional material, device employing the same and method of manufacturing same device |
US6200715B1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2001-03-13 | Xerox Corporation | Imaging members containing arylene ether alcohol polymers |
US6366017B1 (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2002-04-02 | Agilent Technologies, Inc/ | Organic light emitting diodes with distributed bragg reflector |
US6228555B1 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-05-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Thermal mass transfer donor element |
US6242152B1 (en) * | 2000-05-03 | 2001-06-05 | 3M Innovative Properties | Thermal transfer of crosslinked materials from a donor to a receptor |
US6517958B1 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2003-02-11 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Organic-inorganic hybrid light emitting devices (HLED) |
US6348740B1 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2002-02-19 | Siliconware Precision Industries Co., Ltd. | Bump structure with dopants |
-
2002
- 2002-02-06 EP EP02711838A patent/EP1358685A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-02-06 CN CNB02804648XA patent/CN100369285C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-06 WO PCT/EP2002/001227 patent/WO2002063700A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-06 US US10/467,226 patent/US20040101618A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO02063700A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100369285C (en) | 2008-02-13 |
US20040101618A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
CN1498430A (en) | 2004-05-19 |
WO2002063700A1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
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