EP1358517A4 - Lentille electro-optique a composants integres - Google Patents

Lentille electro-optique a composants integres

Info

Publication number
EP1358517A4
EP1358517A4 EP02732206A EP02732206A EP1358517A4 EP 1358517 A4 EP1358517 A4 EP 1358517A4 EP 02732206 A EP02732206 A EP 02732206A EP 02732206 A EP02732206 A EP 02732206A EP 1358517 A4 EP1358517 A4 EP 1358517A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electro
lens
active
optical lens
controller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02732206A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1358517A1 (fr
Inventor
Ronald D Blum
William Kokonaski
Dwight P Duston
Youval Katzman
Uzi Efron
Joseph A Thibideau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
E Vision LLC
Original Assignee
E Vision LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E Vision LLC filed Critical E Vision LLC
Priority to EP09150957A priority Critical patent/EP2063311A1/fr
Publication of EP1358517A1 publication Critical patent/EP1358517A1/fr
Publication of EP1358517A4 publication Critical patent/EP1358517A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/08—Auxiliary lenses; Arrangements for varying focal length
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/08—Auxiliary lenses; Arrangements for varying focal length
    • G02C7/081—Ophthalmic lenses with variable focal length
    • G02C7/083—Electrooptic lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
    • G02C7/101—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses having an electro-optical light valve
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133371—Cells with varying thickness of the liquid crystal layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/294—Variable focal length devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optics. More particularly, the present invention relates to system and method employing an electro-active lens that contains at least some integrated components.
  • a system in accord with the present invention includes a first optical lens having a first outer surface, a second outer surface, and an outer perimeter; an electro-active refractive matrix, and a conductor coupled to the electro-active matrix.
  • An alternative system in accord with the present invention includes a frame, the frame having a lens support and a temple region; an optical lens coupled to the lens support, the optical lens having an electro-active refractive matrix; a controller coupled to the electro-active refractive matrix; and a range finder coupled to the controller.
  • the present invention also includes a method of assembling an optical lens system that comprises placing an electro-active refractive matrix into a cavity of a first optical lens; and covering at least a portion of the electro-active refractive matrix with a second optical lens.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active phoropter/refractor system 100.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of an embodiment of another electro- active phoropter/refractor system 200.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a conventional dispensing practice sequence 300.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of dispensing method 400.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of electro-active eyewear 500.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of prescription method 600.
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of an embodiment of a hybrid electro-active spectacle lens 700.
  • FIG. 8 is a section view of an embodiment of hybrid electro-active spectacle lens 700 taken along section line A-A of Fig. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a section view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens system 1000.
  • FIG. 11 is a section view of an embodiment of a diffractive electro- active lens 1100 taken along section line Z-Z of Fig. 5.
  • FIG. 12 is a front view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens
  • FIG. 13 is a section view of an embodiment of the electro-active lens
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a tracking system
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens system 1500.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens system 1600.
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens 1700.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens 1800.
  • FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active refractive matrix1900.
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens 2000.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an embodiment of electro-active eyewear 2100.
  • FIG. 22 is a front view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens
  • FIG. 23 is a front view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens
  • FIG. 24 is a front view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens
  • FIG. 25 is a section view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens
  • FIG. 26 is a section view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens
  • FIG. 27 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of dispensing method
  • FIG. 28 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens 2800.
  • FIG. 29 is a perspective view of an optical lens system in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 30 is a perspective view of an optical lens system in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 31 is a perspective view of an optical lens system in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 32 is a perspective view of an optical lens system in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 33 is an exploded perspective view of an optical lens system in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 34 is an exploded perspective view of an optical lens system in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 35a through 35e illustrate assembly steps that may be completed in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 36a through 36e illustrate assembly steps that may be completed in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 37a through 37e illustrate assembly steps that may be completed in yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 38 is a perspective exploded view of an integrated chip range finder and integrated controller in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 39 is an exploded perspective view of an integrated controller battery and integrated controller in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 40 is an exploded perspective view of an integrated controller range finder in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 41 is a perspective view of an optical lens system in accord with yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 42 is a perspective view of an optical lens system in accord with yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 43 is a perspective view of an optical lens system in accord with yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention utilizes a novel approach in detecting, quantifying and correcting one's vision.
  • the approach involves several innovative embodiments utilizing an electro-active lens.
  • the invention utilizes a novel approach towards the selection, dispensing, activating, and programming of electro-active eyewear.
  • a novel electro-active phoropter/refractor is utilized.
  • This electro-active phoropter/refractor utilizes far fewer lens components than today's phoropters and is a fraction of the overall size and/or weight of today's phoropters.
  • this exemplary inventive embodiment consists of only a pair of electro-active lenses housed in a frame mounting that provides, either through its own structural design and/or by way of a network of conductive wires, electrical power needed to enable the electro- active lenses to function properly.
  • An "electro-active zone” can include or be included in an electro-active structure, layer, and/or region.
  • An “electro-active region” can be a portion and/or the entirety of an electro-active layer.
  • An electro-active region can be adjacent to another electro-active region.
  • An electro-active region can be attached to another electro-active region, either directly, or indirectly with, for example, an insulator between each electro-active region.
  • An “electro-active refractive matrix” is both an electro-active zone and region and can be attached to another electro- active layer, either directly, or indirectly with, for example, an insulator between each electro-active layer.
  • “Attaching” can include bonding, depositing, adhering, and other well-known attachment methods.
  • a “controller” can include or be included in a processor, a microprocessor, an integrated circuit, an IC, a computer chip, and/or a chip.
  • a “refractor” can include a controller.
  • An “auto- refractor” can include a wave front analyzer.
  • Near distance refractive error can include presbyopia and any other refractive error needed to be corrected for one to see clearly at near distance.
  • Intermediate distance refractive error can include the degree of presbyopia needed to be corrected an intermediate distance and any other refractive error needed to be corrected for one to see clearly at intermediate distance.
  • “Far distance refractive error” can include any refractive error needed to be corrected for one to see clearly at far distance.
  • Near distance can be from about 6 inches to about 24 inches, and more preferably from about 14 inches to about 18 inches.
  • “Intermediate distance” can be from about 24 inches to about 5 feet.
  • “Far distance” can be any distance between about 5 feet and infinity, and more preferably, infinity.
  • Conventional refractive error can include myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and/or presbyopia.
  • Non-conventional refractive error can include irregular astigmatism, aberrations of the ocular system, and any other refractive error not included in conventional refractive error.
  • Optical refractive error can include any aberrations associated with a lens optic.
  • a “spectacle” can include one lens. In other embodiments, a “spectacle” can include more than one lens.
  • a “multi-focal” lens can include bifocal, trifocal, quadrafocal, and/or progressive addition lens.
  • a “finished” lens blank can include a lens blank that has finished optical surface on both sides.
  • a “semi-finished” lens blank can include a lens blank that has, on one side only, a finished optical surface, and on the other side, a non-optically finished surface, the lens needing further modifications, such as, for example, grinding and/or polishing, to make it into a useable lens.
  • “Surfacing” can include grinding and/or polishing off excess material to finish a non-finished surface of a semi-finished lens blank.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of electro-active phoropter/refractor system 100.
  • Frames 110 contain electro-active lens 120, which are connected via a network of conductive wires 130 to an electro-active lens controller 140 and to an electrical power source 150.
  • the temple or temples of frame 110 contain batteries or power sources such as, for example, a micro-fuel cell.
  • the temple or temples of frame 110 possess the needed electrical components so that a power cord is plugged directly into an electrical outlet and/or the electro-active refractor's controller/programmer 160.
  • the electro-active lenses 120 are mounted in a housing assembly which is suspended so one could simply position one's face properly in order to look through the electro-active lenses while being refracted.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary embodiment of an electro-active refractor system 200 that includes housing assembly 210 that contains at least one electro-active lens 220 and several conventional lenses, specifically, diffractive lens 230, prismatic lens 240, astigmatic lens 250, and spherical lens 260.
  • a network of conductive wires 270 connects the electro-active lens 220 to a power source 275 and to a controller 280, that provides a prescription display 290.
  • the lenses can be used to test one's vision in a random and/or non-random one-at-a- time sequence. In other inventive embodiments, two or more lenses are added together giving a total corrective power in front of each eye as needed.
  • the electro-active lenses which are utilized in both the electro-active phoropter and the electro-active eyewear, are comprised of either a hybrid and/or non-hybrid construction. In a hybrid construction, a conventional lens optic is combined with an electro-active zone. In a non-hybrid construction, no conventional lens optic is used.
  • the invention differs from today's conventional dispensing practice sequence 300, which is shown as a flow diagram in FIG. 3.
  • steps 310 and 320 traditionally an eye examination involving a conventional refractor is followed by obtaining one's prescription and taking that prescription to a dispenser.
  • steps 330 and 340 at the dispenser one's frames and lens are selected.
  • the lenses are fabricated, edged, and assembled into the frames.
  • step 370 the new prescription eyeglasses are dispensed and received.
  • the electro-active eyewear is selected by or for the wearer.
  • the frames are fitted to the wearer.
  • the electronics are controlled by the electro-active phoropter/refractor control system, which in most cases is operated by an eyecare professional and/or technician.
  • the patient or wearer can actually operate the control system and thus, control the prescription of their own electro-active lenses.
  • both the patient/wearer and the eyecare professional and/or technician work with the controller together.
  • the control system whether operated by the eyecare professional, technician, and/or the patient/wearer, is utilized to select both objectively or subjectively the best correcting prescription for the patient/wearer.
  • the eyecare professional or technician programs the patient's/wearer's electro-active eyewear.
  • the selected prescription is programmed into an electro-active eyewear controller, and/or one or more controller components, prior to the selected electro-active eyewear being disconnected from the electro-active phoropter/refractor's controller.
  • the prescription is programmed into the selected electro-active eyewear at a later time.
  • the electro-active eyewear is selected, fitted, programmed, and dispensed at step 450 in a totally different sequence than conventional eyeglasses are today. This sequence allows for improved manufacturing, refracting and dispensing efficiencies.
  • the patient/wearer literally can select their eyewear, wear them while the testing of their vision is taking place, and then have them programmed for the correct prescription. In most cases, but not all, this is done before the patient/wearer leaves the examination chair, thus, ensuring the total fabrication and programming accuracy of the patient's final prescription, as well as the accuracy of the eye refraction itself.
  • the patient can literally wear their electro-active eyeglasses when they get up out of the examination chair and proceed out of the eyecare professional's office.
  • the prescription is sent electronically, for example, via the Internet, to a dispensing location where electro-active eyewear (frames and lenses) are sold.
  • an electro-active eyewear controller is either programmed and installed into the electro-active eyewear, or directly programmed while installed in the electro-active eyewear, following the refraction.
  • the electro-active eyewear controller, and/or one or more controller components is an intricate built-in part of the electro-active eyewear and does not need to be added at a later time.
  • FIG. 27 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of another inventive dispensing method 2700.
  • the vision of the patient is refracted using any method.
  • the prescription for the patient is obtained.
  • the electro-active eyewear is selected.
  • the electro- active eyewear is programmed with the wearer's prescription.
  • the electro-active eyewear is dispensed.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another inventive embodiment of the electro-active eyewear 500.
  • frames 510 contain generic electro-active lenses 520 and 522 that are electrically coupled by connecting wires 530 to electro-active eyewear controller 540 and power source 550.
  • Section line Z-Z divides generic electro-active lens 520.
  • Controller 540 acts as the "brains" of the electro-active eyewear 500, and can contain at least one processor component, at least one memory component for storing instructions and/or data for a specific prescription, and at least one input/output component, such as a port.
  • Controller 540 can perform computational tasks such as reading from and writing into memory, calculating voltages to be applied to individual grid elements based on desired refractive indices, and/or acting as a local interface between the patient/user's eyewear and the associated refractor/phoropter equipment.
  • controller 540 is pre-programmed by the eyecare specialist or technician to meet the patient's convergence and accommodative needs. In this embodiment, this pre-programming is done on controller 540 while controller 540 is outside the patient's eyewear, and controller 540 is then inserted into the eyewear after the examination.
  • controller 540 is a "read-only" type, supplying the voltage to grid elements to obtain the necessary array of refractive indices to correct the vision for a specific distance. As the patient's prescription changes, a new controller 540 must be programmed and inserted into the eyewear by the specialist. This controller would be of a class of ASIC's, or application specific integrated circuits, and its memory and processing commands permanently imprinted.
  • the electro-active eyewear controller may be originally programmed by the eyecare specialist or technician when first dispensed, and later the same controller, or a component thereof, can be reprogrammed to provide a different correction, as the patient's needs change.
  • This electro-active eyewear controller may be extracted from the eyewear, placed in the refractor's controller/programmer (shown in Figs. 1 and 2) and reprogrammed during the examination, or reprogrammed, in situ, by the refractor without removal from the electro-active eyewear.
  • the electro-active eyewear controller in this case could, for example, be of a class of FPGA's, or field programmable gate array architecture.
  • the electro- active eyewear controller may be permanently built into the eyewear and require only an interface link to the refractor which issues the reprogramming commands to the FPGA. Part of this link would include external AC power to the electro- active eyewear controller provided by an AC adapter embedded in the refractor/phoropter or in its controller/ programmer unit.
  • the electro-active eyewear acts as the refractor, and the external equipment operated by the eyecare specialist or technician consists of merely a digital and/or analog interface to the electro- active eyewear's controller.
  • the electro-active eyewear controller can also serve as the controller for the refractor/phoropter.
  • the necessary processing electronics are available to alter the array of grid voltages to the electro-active eyewear and reprogram the electro-active eyewear controller with this data after the optimal correction for the user is empirically determined.
  • the patient reviews the eye charts through his/her own electro-active eyewear during the examination and may be unaware that as he/she is selecting the best corrective prescription, the controller in their electro-active eyewear is simultaneously being reprogrammed electronically.
  • Another innovative embodiment utilizes an electronic auto-refractor that can be used as a first step and/or in combination with the electro-active refractors (shown in Figs. 1 and 2) such as by way of example, but not limited to Humphrey's Auto-refractor & Nikon's Auto-refractor which have been developed or modified to provide feed back which is compatible and programmed for use with the invention's electro-active lenses.
  • This innovative embodiment is used to measure one's refractive error, while the patient or wearer is wearing his or her electro-active spectacles. This feedback is fed automatically or manually into a controller and/or programmer, which then calibrates, programs or reprograms the controller of the user/wearer's electro-active spectacles.
  • one's electro-active spectacles can be re-calibrated as needed without requiring full eye examination or eye refraction.
  • one's vision correction is corrected, by way of one's electro-active lenses, to 20/20. This is obtained in most cases by correcting one's conventional refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and / or presbyopia).
  • non- conventional refractive error such as aberrations, irregular astigmatism, and/or ocular layer irregularities of the eye are measured and corrected, as well as conventional refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and / or presbyopia).
  • one's vision can be corrected in many cases to better than 20/20, such as to 20/15, to better than 20/15, to 20/10, and/or to better than 20/10.
  • This advantageous error correction is accomplished by utilizing the electro-active lenses in the eyewear effectively as an adaptive optic.
  • Adaptive optics have been demonstrated and in use for many years to correct for atmospheric distortion in ground-based astronomical telescopes, as well as for laser transmission through the atmosphere for communications and military applications.
  • segmented or "rubber” mirrors are usually employed to make small corrections to the wave front of the image or laser lightwave. These mirrors are manipulated by mechanical actuators in most cases.
  • Adaptive optics as applied to vision, is based on active probing of the ocular system with a light beam, such as an eye-safe laser, and measures the wavefront distortion of either the retinal reflection or the image created on the retina.
  • This form of wavefront analysis assumes a plane or spherical probe wave and measures the distortion imparted on this wavefront by the ocular system.
  • a skilled examiner can determine what abnormalities exist in the ocular system and prescribe an appropriate corrective prescription.
  • wavefront analyzers There are several competing designs for wavefront analyzers, however, the adaption of the electro-active lenses described here for use as either a transmissive or reflective spatial light modulator to perform such wavefront analysis is included within the invention. Examples of wavefront analyzers are provided in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,777,719 (Williams) and 5,949,521 (Williams), each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the electro-active lenses are small corrections or adjustments so that an image lightwave is imparted by a grid array of electrically driven pixels whose index of refraction can be altered, accelerating or slowing down the light passing through them by the alterable index.
  • the electro-active lens becomes an adaptive optic, which can compensate for the inherent spatial imperfection in the optics of the eye itself in order to obtain a nearly aberration-free image on the retina.
  • the electro-active lens is fully two-dimensional, fixed spatial aberrations caused by the eye's optical system can be compensated for by incorporating the small index of refraction corrections on top of the gross vision correction prescription needs of the patient/user. In this way, vision can be corrected to a level of better than what could be achieved with common convergence and accommodation corrections, and, in many cases, could result in vision better than 20/20.
  • the patient's ocular aberrations can be measured by, for example, a modified auto refractor utilizing a wavefront sensor or analyzer designed specifically for eye aberration measurements.
  • the controller in the eyewear can be programmed to incorporate the 2-D spatially- dependent index of refraction changes to compensate for these aberrations and other types of non-conventional refractive error in addition to the overall myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and/or astigmatism correction.
  • embodiments of the electro-active lens of the present invention can electro-actively correct for aberrations of the patient's ocular system or created by the lens optic.
  • a certain power correction of -3.50 diopters may be required in a certain electro-active divergent lens to correct a wearer's myopia.
  • ...VN is applied to the M elements in the grid array to generate an array of different indices of refraction, N-*...NM, which give the electro-active lens a power of -3.50 diopters.
  • certain elements in the grid array may require up to plus or minus 0.50 units change in their index N-
  • the small voltage deviations corresponding to these changes are applied to the appropriate grid element, in addition to the base myopia-correcting voltages.
  • the electro-active refractor/phoropter is used according to an embodiment of the inventive prescription method 600 of FIG. 6.
  • either a conventional refractor, an electro-active refractor having both conventional and electro-active lenses, or an electro-active refractor having only electro-active lenses, or an auto-refractor is utilized to measure one's refractive error using conventional lens powers such as minus power (for myopes), plus power (for hyperopes), cylindrical power and axis (for astigmatism) and prism power when needed.
  • conventional lens powers such as minus power (for myopes), plus power (for hyperopes), cylindrical power and axis (for astigmatism) and prism power when needed.
  • BVA best visual acuity
  • certain embodiments of the invention allow for improving one's vision beyond what today's conventional refractor/phoropters will achieve.
  • step 610 provides for further refinement of one's prescription in a non-conventional inventive way.
  • the prescription which accomplishes this end point, is programmed into the electro-active refractor.
  • the patient is properly positioned to look through the electro-active lenses having a multi-grid electro-active structure into a modified and compatible autorefractor or a wavefront analyzer, which automatically measures precisely the refractive error.
  • This refractive error measurement detects and quantifies as much non-conventional refractive errors as possible.
  • This measurement is taken through a small, approximately 4.29 mm, targeted area of each electro-active lens, while automatically computing the necessary prescription to achieve the best focus on the fovea along the line-of-sight while the patient is looking through the targeted area of the electro-active lens.
  • this non-conventional correction is either stored in the controller/programmer memory for future use or it is then programmed into the controller that controls the electro- active lenses. This, of course, is repeated for both eyes.
  • the patient or wearer now may at their option elect to use a control unit which will allow them to further refine the conventional refractive error correction, the non-conventional refractive error correction, or a combination of both, and thus the final prescription, to their liking.
  • the eyecare professional may refine it, until in some cases no further refinement is performed. At this point, an improved BVA for the patient, better than any available via conventional techniques, will be achieved.
  • any further refined prescription is then programmed into the controller, which controls the electro-active lenses' prescription.
  • the programmed electro-active spectacles are dispensed.
  • steps 610 through 640 may be performed in either a modified way or even a different sequence.
  • the targeted area of the lens referred to in step 610 is within the range of about 3.0 millimeters in diameter to about 8.0 millimeters in diameter. Still in other inventive embodiments, the targeted area can be anywhere from about 2.0 millimeters in diameter up to the area of the entire lens.
  • an embodiment of the present invention concerns an electro-active refractor/phoropter that has a novel electro-active lens, that can either be of a hybrid or of a non-hybrid construction.
  • hybrid construction it is meant a combination of a conventional single vision or a multifocal lens optic, with at least one electro-active zone located on the front surface, back surface, and/or in between the front and back surfaces, the zone consisting of an electro-active material having the necessary electro-active means to change focus electrically.
  • the electro-active zone is specifically placed either inside the lens or on the back concave surface of the lens to protect it from scratches and other normal wear. In the embodiment where the electro- active zone is included as part of the front convex surface, in most cases a scratch resistant coating is applied.
  • the combination of the conventional single vision lens or a conventional multifocal lens and the electro-active zone gives the total lens power of the hybrid lens design.
  • FIG. 7 is a front view
  • FIG. 8 is a section view taken along line A-
  • lens 700 includes a lens optic 710.
  • Attached to lens optic 710 is an electro-active refractive matrix 720, that can have one or more electro-active regions that occupy all or a portion of electro-active refractive matrix 720.
  • Also attached to lens optic 710 and at least partially surrounding electro-active refractive matrix 720 is framing layer 730.
  • Lens optic 710 includes an astigmatic power correction region 740 having an astigmatic axis A-A rotated, in this specific example only, approximately 45 degrees clockwise from horizontal.
  • Covering electro-active refractive matrix 720 and framing layer 730 is an optional cover layer 750.
  • electro-active refractive matrix 720 can include a liquid crystal and/or a polymer gel. Electro-active refractive matrix 720 can also include an alignment layer, a metallic layer, a conducting layer, and/or an insulating layer.
  • astigmatic correction region 740 is eliminated so that lens optic 710 corrects for sphere power only.
  • lens optic 710 can correct for either far distance, near distance, and/or both, and any sort of conventional refractive error, including spheric, cylindric, prismatic, and/or aspheric errors.
  • Electro-active refractive matrix 720 can also correct for near distance, and/or for non-conventional refractive error such as aberrations. In other embodiments, electro-active refractive matrix 720 can correct any sort of conventional or non-conventional refractive error and lens optic 710 can correct for conventional refractive error.
  • an electro-active lens having a hybrid construction approach has certain distinct advantages over that of a non-hybrid lens. These advantages are lower electrical power needs, smaller battery size, longer battery life expectancy, less complex electrical circuitry, fewer conductors, fewer insulators, lower manufacturing costs, increased optical transparency, and increased structural integrity.
  • non-hybrid electro- active lenses have their own set of advantages, including reduced thickness and mass manufacturing.
  • About 95% of corrective prescriptions include a sphere power correction within a range of -6.00 diopters to +6.00 diopters, in 0.25 diopter increments. Based on this range, there are about 49 commonly prescribed sphere powers. Of those prescriptions that include an astigmatism correction, about 95% fall within the range of -4.00 diopters to + 4.00 diopters, in 0.25 diopter increments. Based on this range, there are about 33 commonly prescribed astigmatic (or cylinder) powers. Because astigmatism has an axis component, however, there are about 360 degrees of astigmatic axis orientations, which are typically prescribed in 1 degree increments. Thus, there are 360 different astigmatic axis prescriptions.
  • one non-hybrid electro-active lens can eliminate the need to mass manufacture and/or stock numerous lens blank SKUs, and of possibly greater importance,, can eliminate the need to grind and polish each lens blank to a particular patient's prescription.
  • the hybrid electro-active lens it has been discovered that by correcting for conventional refractive error with the lens optic and utilizing a mostly centered electro-active layer, it is possible to also reduce the number of SKU's needed.
  • lens 700 can be rotated as needed to place astigmatic axis A-A in the needed position.
  • the number of hybrid lens blanks needed can be reduced by a factor of 360.
  • the electro-active zone of the hybrid lens can provide the presbyopic correction, thereby reducing by a factor of 9 the number of lens blanks needed.
  • FIG. 28 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a semi-finished lens blank 2800.
  • semifinished lens blank 2800 has a lens optic 2810 with a finished surface 2820, an unfinished surface 2830, and a partial field electro-active refractive matrix 2840.
  • semi-finished lens blank 2800 can have a full field electro-active layer.
  • the electro-active structure of semi-finished lens blank 2800 can be multi-grid or single interconnect.
  • semi-finished lens blank 2800 can have refractive and/or diffractive characteristics.
  • the electro-active lens In either the hybrid or the non-hybrid embodiment of the electro-active lens, a significant number of needed correcting prescriptions can be created and customized by the electro-active lens which can be adjusted and controlled by a controller that has been customized and/or programmed for the patient's specific prescription needs.
  • the millions of prescriptions and numerous lens styles, single vision lens blanks, as well as the numerous multifocal semi-finished lens blanks may be no longer needed.
  • the invention includes both non-hybrid electro- active lenses, as well as full and partial field specific hybrid electro-active lenses that are either pre-manufactured electronic eyewear (frame and/or lenses) or customized electronic eyewear at the time of delivery to the patient or customer.
  • frame and/or lenses pre-manufactured electronic eyewear
  • customized electronic eyewear at the time of delivery to the patient or customer.
  • both the frames and the lenses are pre-made with the lenses already edged and put into the eyeglass frames.
  • the programmable and re-programmable controller as well as the mass production of frames and lenses having the necessary electric components which can be prefabricated and sent to the eyecare professional's site or some other site for either the installation of, for example, a programmed controller, and/or one or more controller components, for the patient's prescription.
  • the controller, and/or one or more controller components can be part of the pre-manufactured frame and electro-active lens assembly and then programmed at either the eyecare professional's site or some other site.
  • the controller, and/or one or more controller components can be in the form, for example, of a chip or a thin film and can be housed in the frame, on the frame, in the lens, or on the lens of the eyeglasses.
  • the controller, and/or one or more controller components can be re-programmable or not reprogrammable based upon the business strategy to be implemented. In the case where the controller, and/or one or more controller components, is reprogrammable, this will allow for the repeated updating of one's prescriptions as long as the patient or customer is happy with his or her eyeglass frames as well as the cosmetic appearance and functionality of the electro-active lenses.
  • the lenses must be structurally sound enough in order to protect the eye from injury from a foreign object. In the United States, most eyewear lenses must pass a FDA required impact test. In order to meet these requirements, it is important that a support structure is built into or on the lens. In the case of the hybrid type, this is accomplished, for example, utilizing either a prescription or non-prescription single vision or multifocal lens optic as a structural base.
  • the structural base for the hybrid type can be made out of polycarbonate.
  • the electro-active material selected and thickness accounts for this needed structure. In other embodiments, the non-prescription carrier base or substrate onto which the electro-active material is positioned accounts for this needed protection.
  • the inventive design of the electro-active spectacle lenses can provide for the distance correction to be maintained when the electro-active zones are in the OFF position (the inactivated or unpowered state). In an embodiment of this invention, this can be accomplished by providing the distance correction with a conventional fixed focal length optic, whether it be a refractive or a diffractive hybrid type. Any additional add power, therefore, is provided by the electro-active zone(s). Thus, a fail-safe electro-active system occurs, because the conventional lens optic will preserve the wearer's distance correction.
  • FIG. 9 is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of another electro- active lens 900 having a lens optic 910 that is index matched to an electro-active refractive matrix 920.
  • the diverging lens optic 910 having an index of refraction, n-*, provides distance correction.
  • Attached to lens optic 910 is the electro-active refractive matrix 920, which can have an unactivated state, and a number of activated states.
  • electro-active refractive matrix 920 When electro-active refractive matrix 920 is in its unactivated state, it has an index of refraction n 2 , which approximately matches the index of refraction, n-*, of lens optic 910.
  • n 2 is within 0.05 refractive units of n**.
  • framing layer 930 Surrounding electro-active refractive matrix 920 is framing layer 930, which has an index of refraction, n , that also approximately matches the index of refraction, n-i, of lens optic 910 within 0.05 refractive units of n-*.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of another electro-active lens system 1000.
  • electro-active lens 1010 includes a lens optic 1040 and an electro-active refractive matrix 1050.
  • a rangefinder transmitter 1020 is positioned on electro-active refractive matrix 1050.
  • a rangefinder detector/receiver 1030 is positioned on electro-active refractive matrix 1050.
  • either transmitter 1020 or receiver 1030 can be positioned in electro-active refractive matrix 1050.
  • either transmitter 1020 or receiver 1030 can be positioned in or on lens optic 1040.
  • either transmitter 1020 or receive 1030 can be positioned on outer covering layer 1060.
  • 1020 and 1030 can be positioned on any combination of the preceding.
  • FIG. 11 is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a diffractive electro-active lens 1100.
  • lens optic 1110 provides distance correction.
  • diffractive pattern 1120 Etched on one surface of lens optic 1110 is diffractive pattern 1120, having an index of refraction, n**.
  • electro-active refractive matrix 1130 Attached to lens optic 1110 and covering diffractive pattern 1120 is electro-active refractive matrix 1130, which has an index of refraction, n 2> that approximates n-*, when electro-active refractive matrix 1130 is in its unactivated state.
  • framing layer 1140 is constructed of material mostly identical to lens optic 1110, and which at least partially surrounds electro-active refractive matrix 1120.
  • FIG. 12 is a front view, and FIG. 13 a side view, of an exemplary embodiment of an electro-active lens 1200 having a multi-focal optic 1210 attached to an electro-active framing layer 1220.
  • multi-focal optic 1210 is of a progressive addition lens design.
  • multi-focal optic 12 0 includes a first optical refraction focus zone 1212 and a second progressive addition optical refraction focus zone 1214.
  • Attached to multi-focal optic 1210 is electro-active framing layer 1220 having an electro-active region 1222 that is positioned over second optical refraction focus zone 1214.
  • a cover layer 1230 is attached to electro-active framing layer 1220.
  • the framing layer can be either electro-active or non- electro-active.
  • insulating material is utilized to insulate the activated region from the non-activated region.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a tracking system 1400.
  • Frames 1410 contain electro-active lens 1420.
  • Attached to the backside of electro-active lens 1420 that side closest to the wearer's eyes, also referred to as the proximal side, are a tracking signal sources 1430, such as light emitting diodes.
  • tracking signal receivers 1440 are also attached to the backside of electro-active lens 1420.
  • Receivers 1440, and possibly sources 1430, are connected to a controller (not shown) that includes in its memory instructions to enable tracking. Utilizing this approach it is possible to locate very precisely the eye movements up, down, right, left and any variation thereof. This is needed as certain types, but not all, of non-conventional refractive error needs to be corrected and isolated within one's line-of-sight (for example, in the case of a specific corneal irregularity or bump that moves as the eye moves).
  • sources 1430 and/or receivers 1440 can be attached to the backside of frames 1410, embedded in the backside of frames 1410, and/or embedded in the backside of lenses 1420.
  • An important portion of any spectacle lens, including the electro-active spectacle lens, is the portion used to produce the sharpest image quality within the user's field of view. While a healthy person can see approximately 90 degrees to either side, the sharpest visual acuity is located within a smaller field of view, corresponding to the portion of the retina with the best visual acuity. This region of the retina is known as the fovea, and is approximately a circular region measuring 0.40mm in diameter on the retina.
  • the eye images the scene through the entire pupil diameter, so the pupil diameter will also affect the size of the most critical portion of the spectacle lens.
  • the resulting critical region of the spectacle lens is simply the sum of the diameter of the eye's pupil diameter added to the projection of the fovea's field of view onto the spectacle lens.
  • the typical range for the eye's pupil diameter is from 3.0 to 5.5 mm, with a most common value of 4.0 mm.
  • the average fovea diameter is approximately 0.4 mm.
  • the typical range for the size of the fovea's projected dimension onto the spectacle lens is affected by such parameters as the length of the eye, the distance from the eye to the spectacle lens, etc.
  • the tracking system of this specific inventive embodiment locates the regions of the electro-active lens that correlate to the eye movements relative to the fovial region of the patient's retina. This is important as the invention's software is programmed to always correct for the non-conventional refractive error that is correctable as the eye moves. Thus, it is necessary in most, but not all, inventive embodiments that correct for non-conventional refractive error to electro-actively alter the area of the lens that the line-of-sight is passing through as the eyes fixate their target or gaze.
  • the vast majority of the electro-active lens corrects for conventional refractive error and as the eye moves the targeted electro-active area focus moves as well by way of the tracking system and software to correct for the non- conventional refractive error taking into account the angle in which the line-of- sight intersects different sections of the lens and factoring this into the final prescription for that specific area.
  • the tracking system and enabling software is utilized to correct one's vision to its maximum, while looking or gazing at distant objects.
  • the tracking system if used, is utilized to both calculate the range of near point focus in order to correct for one's accommodative and convergence near or intermediate range focusing needs.
  • This is programmed into the electro-active eyewear controller, and/or one or more controller components, as part of the patient or wearers' prescription.
  • a range finder and/or tracking system is incorporated either into the lenses and/or frames.
  • aberrations are directly related to the viewing distance, it has been discovered that they can be corrected in relation to the viewing distance. That is, once the aberration or aberrations have been measured, it is possible to correct for these aberrations in the electro-active refractive matrix by way of segregating the electro-active regions so as to electro-actively correct for aberrations for specific distances such as distance vision, intermediate vision, and/or near vision.
  • the electro-active lens can be segregated into a far vision, intermediate vision, and near vision corrective zones, each the software controlling each zone causing the zone to correct for those aberrations that impact the corresponding viewing distance. Therefore in this specific inventive embodiment, where the electro-active refractive matrix is segregated for different distances whereby each segregated region corrects for specific aberrations of a specific distance, it is possible to correct for non-refractive error without a tracking mechanism.
  • a hybrid or non-hybrid electro-active lens can be designed to have a full field or a partial field effect.
  • full field effect it is meant that the electro-active refractive matrix or layers cover the vast majority of the lens region within an eyeglass frame.
  • the entire electro-active area can be adjusted to the desired power.
  • a full field electro-active lens can be adjusted to provide a partial field.
  • a partial field electro-active specific lens design can not be adjusted to a full field due to the circuitry needed to make it partial field specific.
  • a partial section of the electro- active lens can be adjusted to the desired power.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of another electro-active lens system 1500.
  • Frames 1510 contain electro-active lenses 1520, which have a partial field 1530.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of yet another electro-active lens system 1600.
  • frames 1610 contain electro-active lenses 1620, which have a full field 1630.
  • the multifocal electro-active optic is pre-manufactured and in some cases, due to the significantly reduced number of SKU's required, even inventoried at the dispensing location as a finished multifocal electro-active lens blank.
  • This inventive embodiment allows for the dispensing site to simply fit and edge the inventoried multifocal electro-active lens blanks into the electronic enabling frames. While in most cases this invention could be of a partial field specific type electro-active lens, it should be understood this would work for full field electro-active lenses, as well.
  • a conventional single vision lens optic being of aspheric design or non-aspheric design having a toric surface for correction of astigmatism and a spherical surface is utilized to provide the distance power needs. If astigmatic correction is needed the appropriate power single vision lens optic would be selected and rotated to the proper astigmatic axis location. Once this is done the single vision lens optic could be edged for the eye wire frame style and size. The electro-active refractive matrix could then be applied on the single vision lens optic or the electro-active refractive matrix can be applied prior to edging and the total lens unit can be edged later.
  • an electro-active material such as a polymer gel may be advantageous over a liquid crystal material.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix can be applied to compatible lens optics by way of different technologies known in the art.
  • Compatible lens optics are optics whose curves and surfaces will accept the electro-active refractive matrix properly from the stand point of bonding, aesthetics, and/or proper final lens power.
  • adhesives can be utilized applying the adhesive directly to the lens optic and then laying down the electro-active layer.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix can be manufactured so it is attached to a release film in which case it can be removed and reattached adhesively to the lens optic.
  • it can be attached to two-way film carrier of which the carrier itself is attached adhesively to the lens optic.
  • it can be applied utilizing a Surface Casting technique in which case the electro-active refractive matrix is created in-situ.
  • FIG. 12 a combination of a static and non-static approach is used to satisfy one's mid and near point vision needs, a multifocal progressive lens 1210 having the proper needed distance correction and having, for example, approximately +1.00 diopter of full near add power is utilized in lieu of the single vision lens optic.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix1220 can be placed on either side of the multifocal progressive lens optic, as well as buried inside the lens optic. This electro-active refractive matrix is utilized to provide for additional add power.
  • the final add power is the total additive power of the low multifocal add and the additional required near power generated by way of the electro-active layer. For example only; if a multifocal progressive addition lens optic had an add power of +1.00 and the electro-active refractive matrix created a near power of +1.00 the total near power for the hybrid electro-active lens would be +2.00D. Utilizing this approach, it is possible to significantly reduce unwanted perceived distortions from multi-focal lenses, specifically progressive addition lenses.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix is utilized to subtract out unwanted astigmatism. This is accomplished by neutralizing or substantially reducing the unwanted astigmatism through an electro-actively created neutralizing power compensation solely in the areas of the lens where the unwanted astigmatism exists.
  • decentration of the partial field is needed.
  • electro-active refractive matrix it is necessary to align the electro-active refractive matrix in such a way to accommodate the proper astigmatic axis location of the single vision lens optic so as to allow for correcting one's astigmatism, should it exist, as well as locating the electronic variable power field in the proper location for one's eyes.
  • the use of an electro-active lens allows for certain manufacturing freedom not available to conventional multifocal lenses. Therefore, some embodiments of the invention, the electro-active region is located where one would typically find the distance, intermediate, and near vision regions of a conventional non-electro-active multi-focal lens.
  • the electro-active region can be placed above the 180 meridian of the lens optic, thereby allowing the multifocal near vision zone to be occasionally provided above the 180 meridian of the lens optic.
  • Providing the near vision zone above the 180 meridian of the lens optic can be especially useful for those spectacle wearers working at close distances to an object directly in front or overhead of the wearer, such as working with a computer monitor, or nailing picture frames overhead.
  • the electro- active layer in the case of a non-hybrid electro-active lens or both the hybrid full field lens and for example, a 35mm diameter hybrid partial field lens, the electro- active layer, as stated before, can be applied directly to either the single vision lens optic, or pre-manufactured with a lens optic creating electro-active finished multifocal lens blanks, or the multifocal progressive lens optic, prior to edging the lens for the shape of the frame's lens mounting.
  • This allows for pre-assembly of electro-active lens blanks, as well as being able to inventory stock finished, but not edged electro-active lens blanks, thus allowing for just in time eyeglass fabrication at any channel of distribution, including the doctor or optician's offices.
  • This will allow all optical dispensaries to be able to offer fast service with minimal needs for expensive fabrication equipment. This benefits manufacturers, retailers, and their patients, the consumers.
  • the partial field specific region could be a 35mm diameter centered or decentered round design. It should be pointed out that the diameter size can vary depending upon the needs. In certain inventive embodiments 22mm, 28mm, 30mm, & 36mm round diameters are utilized.
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens 1700 having a single interconnect structure.
  • Lens 1700 includes a lens optic 1710 and an electro-active refractive matrix 1720.
  • an insulator 1730 separates an activated partial field 1740 from a framed non-activated field (or region) 1750.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens 1800 having a multi-grid structure.
  • Lens 1800 includes a lens optic 1810 and an electro-active refractive matrix 1820.
  • electro-active refractive matrix 1820 Within electro-active refractive matrix 1820, an insulator 1830 separates an activated partial field 1840 from a framed non-activated field (or region) 1850.
  • a plurality of wire interconnects 1860 connect the activated field to a power supply and/or controller.
  • certain embodiments having multiple single interconnect electro-active layers can be energized in a preprogrammed sequence to allow one to have the ability to focus over a range of distances.
  • two +0.50D single interconnect electro-active layers could be energized, creating a +1.00 intermediate focus to allow for a +2.00D presbyope to see at finger tip distance and then two additional +0.50D single interconnect electro-active layers could be energized to give the +2.00D presbyope the ability to read as close as 16 inches.
  • the exact number of electro-active layers, as well as the power of each layer can vary depending upon the optical design, as well as the total power needed to cover a specific range of near and intermediate vision distances for a specific presbyope.
  • a combination of either one or more single interconnect electro-active layers are present in the lens in combination with a multi-grid electro-active structural layer.
  • a multi-grid electro-active structural layer is utilized either in a hybrid or non-hybrid lens. Either way, the multi-grid electro-active structure in combination with a properly programmed electro-active eyewear controller, and/or one or more controller components, would allow for the ability to focus over a broad range of intermediate and near distances.
  • variable power electro-active field is located over the entire lens and adjusts as a constant spherical power change over the entire surface of the lens to accommodate one's working near vision focusing needs.
  • variable power field adjusts over the entire lens as a constant spherical power change while at the same time creating an aspherical peripheral power effect in order to reduce distortion and aberrations.
  • the distance power is corrected by way of either the single vision, multifocal finished lens blanks, or the multifocal progressive lens optic.
  • the electro-active optical layer corrects mainly for the working distance focusing needs. It should be noted this is not always the case. It is possible, in some cases, to utilize either a single vision, multifocal finished lens optic, or multifocal progressive lens optic for distance spherical power only and correct near vision working power and astigmatism through the electro-active refractive matrix or utilize either the single vision or multifocal lens optic to correct astigmatism only and correct the sphere power and near vision working power through the electro-active layer. Also, it is possible to utilize a piano, single vision, multifocal finished lens optic, or progressive multifocal lens optic and correct the distance sphere and astigmatism needs by way of the electro-active layer.
  • the power correction needed can be accomplished by way of any number of additive power components.
  • additive power components include the utilization of a single vision or finished multifocal lens optic providing all the distance spherical power needs, some of the distance spherical power needs, all of the astigmatic power needs, some of the astigmatic power needs, all of the prismatic power needs, some of the prismatic power needs, or any combination of the above when combined with the electro-active layer, will provide for one's total focusing needs.
  • electro-active refractive matrix allows for the utilization of adaptive optic correction-like techniques to maximize one's vision through his or her electro-active lenses either prior or after final fabrication. This can be accomplished by way of allowing the patient or intended wearer to look through the electro-active lens or lenses and adjusting them manually, or by way of a special designed automatic refractor that almost instantly will measure conventional and/or non-conventional refractive error and will correct any remaining refractive error be it spherical, astigmatic, aberrations, etc. This technique will allow for the wearer to achieve 20/10 or better vision in many cases.
  • a Fresnell power lens layer is utilized along with the single vision or multifocal or multifocal lens blank or optic as well as the electro-active layer.
  • the Fresnell layer is utilized to provide spherical power and thereby reduce lens thickness, the single vision lens optic to correct astigmatism, and the electro- active refractive matrix to correct for mid and near distance focusing needs.
  • a diffractive optic is utilized along with the single vision lens optic and the electro-active layer. In this approach the diffractive optic, which provides for additional focusing correction, further reduces the need for the electric power, circuitry, and thickness of the electro-active layer.
  • any two or more of the following can be utilized in an additive manner to provide the total additive power needed for one's spectacle correction power needs.
  • These being a Fresnell layer, conventional or non-conventional single vision or multifocal lens optic, diffractive optic layer, and electro-active refractive matrix or layers.
  • etching process it is possible through an etching process to impart a shape and or effect of a diffractive or Fresnel layer into the electro-active material so as to create a non- hybrid or hybrid electro-active optic having a diffractive or Fresnel component.
  • the electro-active lens it is possible using the electro-active lens to create not only conventional lens power, but also prismatic power.
  • the decentered partial field specific electro-active lens is located so that the optical center of this field is located approximately 5mm below the optical center of the single vision lens, while at the same time having the near working distance electro-active partial field being decentered nasally or temporally to satisfy the patient's correct near to intermediate working range pupillary distance.
  • a design approach is not limited to a circular design but could be virtually any shape that allowed the proper electro-active visual field area needed for one's vision needs.
  • the design could be oval, rectangular, square shaped, octagonal, partially curved, etc.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix in many cases (but not all) is utilized having an uneven thickness. That is, the metallic and conductive surrounding layers are not parallel and the gel polymer thickness varies to create a convergent or divergent lens shape. It is possible to employ such a non-uniform thickness electro-active refractive matrix in a non- hybrid embodiment or in a hybrid mode with a single vision or multifocal lens optic. This presents a wide variety of adjustable lens powers through various combinations of these fixed and electrically adjustable lenses.
  • the single interconnect electro-active refractive matrix utilizes non- parallel sides creating a non-uniform thickness of the electro-active structure.
  • the multi-grid electro-active structure utilizes a parallel structure, which creates a uniform thickness of the electro-active structure.
  • a convergent single vision lens optic may be bonded to a convergent electro-active lens to create a hybrid lens assembly.
  • the electrical voltage may either increase or reduce the refractive index. Adjusting the voltage up to reduce the index of refraction would change the final lens assembly power to give less plus power, as shown in the first row of Table 1 for different combinations of fixed and electro-active lens power. If adjusting the applied voltage up increases the index of refraction of the electro-active lens optic, the final hybrid lens assembly power changes as shown in Table 2 for different combinations of fixed and electro-active lens power. It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the invention, only a single applied voltage difference is required across the electro-active layer.
  • the electro-active polymer gel layer can be injection-molded, cast, stamped, machined, diamond turned, and/or polished into a net lens optic shape.
  • the thin metallic layer is deposited onto both sides of the injection molded or cast polymer gel layer by, for example, sputtering or vacuum deposition.
  • the deposited thin metallic layer is placed on both the lens optic and the other side of the injection-molded or cast electro-active material layer.
  • a conductive layer may not be necessary, but if it is, it may also be vacuum deposited or sputtered onto the metallic layer.
  • the invention can always be placed in one common location.
  • the present invention allows one to either look straight ahead or slightly up or down, and the entire electro-active partial or full field adjusts to correct for the necessary near working distance. This reduces eye fatigue and head and eye movements.
  • the adjustable electro- active refractive matrix adjusts to the correct power needed to clearly see the distant object.
  • the thickness of the single vision lens optic may be advantageous to reduce the thickness of the single vision lens optic.
  • the central thickness of a plus lens, or the edge thickness of a minus lens can be reduced by way of some appropriate distance power compensation in the electro-active adjustable layer. This would apply to a full field or mostly full field hybrid electro-active spectacle lens or in all cases of a non-hybrid electro-active spectacle lens.
  • the adjustable electro-active refractive matrix does not have to be located in a limited area but could cover the entire single vision or multifocal lens optic, whatever size area or shape is required of either one.
  • the exact overall size, shape, and location of the electro- active refractive matrix is constrained only due to performance and aesthetics.
  • only two electrodes are required as the entire electro-active field area is adjusted by a set amount of electrical power.
  • the appropriate curvature relationship of the front and back curves of each layer influences the needed power adjustment of the electro-active hybrid or non- hybrid lens.
  • hybrid designs especially those not utilizing a diffractive or Fresnel component it is important that the electro-active refractive matrix does not have its front & back curves parallel to that of the single vision or multifocal semifinished blank or single vision or multifocal finished lens blank it is attached to.
  • One exception to this is a hybrid design utilizing a multi-grid structure.
  • one embodiment is of a hybrid electro- active lens utilizing less than a full field approach and a minimum of two electrodes.
  • Other embodiments utilize a multi-grid electro-active refractive matrix approach to create the electro-active refractive matrix which case multiple electrodes and electrical circuitry will be required.
  • a multi-grid electro-active structure it has been discovered that for the boundaries of the grids that have been electrically activated to be cosmetically acceptable (mostly invisible), it may be necessary to produce a refractive index differential between adjacent grids of zero to .02 units of refractive index difference.
  • the range of refractive index differential could be from 0.01 to 0.05 units of refractive index differential but in most inventive embodiments the difference is limited, by way of a controller to a maximum of 0.02 or 0.03 units of refractive index difference between adjacent areas.
  • electro-active layers having different electro-active structures such as a single-interconnect structure and/or a multi-grid structure, which can react as needed once energized to create the desired additive end focusing power.
  • electro-active structures such as a single-interconnect structure and/or a multi-grid structure, which can react as needed once energized to create the desired additive end focusing power.
  • posterior electro-active refractive matrix to focus for near vision range utilizing a partial field specific approach generated by the posterior layer.
  • this approach allows for sequencing the individual layers in as much as one can energize them all at one time, to generate a simultaneous variable additive focusing power effect.
  • This variable focusing effect can be produced in a time lapsed sequence, so as to correct for mid-range focusing needs and near vision range focusing needs as one looks from far to near and then create the reverse effect as one looks from near to far.
  • the multi electro-active refractive matrix approach also allows for faster electro-active focusing power response time. This happens due to a combination of factors, one being the reduced electro-active material thickness needed for each layer of multi electro-active layered lens. Also, because a multi electro-active refractive matrix allows for breaking up the complexity of a master electro-active refractive matrix into two or more less complex individual layers which are asked to do less individually than the master electro-active layer. [164] The following describes the materials and construction of the electro- active lens, its electrical wiring circuitry, the electrical power source, the electrical switching technique, software required for focal length adjustment, and object distance ranging.
  • FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an electro-active refractive matrix 1900. Attached to both sides of an electro-active material 1910 are metallic layers 1920. Attached to the opposite side of each metallic layer 1920 are conductive layers 1930.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix discussed above is a multilayer construction consisting of either a polymer gel or liquid crystal as the electro- active material.
  • both a polymer gel electro- active refractive matrix and a liquid crystal electro-active refractive matrix are utilized within the same lens.
  • the liquid crystal layer may be utilized to create an electronic tint or sunglass effect and the polymer gel layer may be utilized to add or subtract power.
  • Both the polymer gel and liquid crystal has the property that its optical index of refraction can be changed by an applied electric voltage.
  • the electro-active material is covered by two nearly transparent metallic layers on either side, and a conductive layer is deposited on each metallic layer to provide good electrical connection to these layers.
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens 2000 having a multi-grid structure.
  • Lens 2000 includes an electro-active material 2010 that can, in some embodiments, define a plurality of pixels, each of which can be separated by a material having electrical insulating properties.
  • electro-active material 2010 can define a number of adjacent zones, each zone containing one or more pixels.
  • Electro-active material 2010 Attached to one side of electro-active material 2010 is a metallic layer 2020, which has a grid array of metallic electrodes 2030 separated by a material (not shown) having electrical insulating properties. Attached to the opposite side (not shown) of electro-active material 2010 is a symmetrically identical metallic layer 2020. Thus, each electro-active pixel is matched to a pair of electrodes 2030 to define a grid element pair.
  • Attached to metallic layer 2020 is a conductive layer 2040 having a plurality of interconnect vias 2050 each separated by a material (not shown) having electrical insulating properties.
  • Each interconnect via 2050 electrically couples one grid element pair to a power supply and/or controller.
  • some and/or all of interconnect vias 2050 can connect more than one grid element pair to a power supply and/or controller.
  • metallic layer 2020 is eliminated. In other embodiments, metallic layer 2020 is replaced by an alignment layer.
  • the front (distal) surface, intermediate surface, and/or back surface can be made of a mate ⁇ al comprising a conventional photochromatic component.
  • This photochromatic component may or may not be utilized with an electronic produced tint feature associated as part of the electro-active lens. In the event that it is utilized it would provide an additive tint in a complimentary manner.
  • the photochromatic material is used solely with the electro-active lens without an electronic tint component.
  • the photochromatic material can be included in an electro-active lens layer by way of the layer composition or added later to the electro-active refractive matrix or added as part of an outer layer either on the front or the back of the lens.
  • the electro-active lenses of the invention can be hard-coated front, back, or both can be coated with an anti-reflection coating as desired.
  • This construction is referred to as a sub-assembly and it can be electrically controlled to create either a prismatic power, sphere power, astigmatic power correction, aspheric correction, or aberration correction of the wearer.
  • the subassembly can be controlled to mimic that of a Fresnell or diffractive surface.
  • two or more sub-assemblies can be juxtaposed, separated by an electrically insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer may be comprised of silicone oxide.
  • the same subassembly is utilized to create multiple power corrections.
  • Either of the two sub-assembly embodiments just discussed can be made of two different structures.
  • This first structural embodiment allows that each of the layers, the electro-active layer, conductor, and metal, are contiguous, that is, continuous layers of material, thus forming a single-interconnect structure.
  • the second structural embodiment (as shown in Figure 20) utilizes metallic layers in the form of a grid or array, with each sub- array area electrically insulated from its neighbors.
  • the conductive layers are etched to provide separate electrical contacts or electrodes to each sub-array or grid element.
  • either the multi-grid electro-active structure or the single interconnect electro-active structures can be utilized as either a partial lens field or a full lens field.
  • a partial field specific electro-active refractive matrix in most cases, an electro-active material having a closely matching refractive index as that of the partial field specific electro-active non-activated layer (the framing layer) is utilized laterally adjacent to and separated from the partial field specific electro-active region by an insulator. This is done to enhance the cosmetic nature of the electro-active lens by way of keeping the appearance of the entire electro-active refractive matrix appearing as one, in the unactivated state.
  • the framing layer is of a non-electro-active material.
  • the polymer material can be of a wide variety of polymers where the electro-active constituent is at least 30% by weight of the formulation. Such electro-active polymer materials are well known and commercially available. Examples of this material include liquid crystal polymers such as polyester, polyether, polyamide, (PCB) penta cyano biphenyl and others. Polymer gels may also contain a thermoset matrix material to enhance the processability of the gel, improve its adhesion to the encapsulating conductive layers, and improve the optical clarity of the gel.
  • this matrix may be a cross- linked acrylate, methacrylate, polyurethane, a vinyl polymer cross-linked with a difunctional or multifunctional acrylate, methacrylate or vinyl derivative.
  • the thickness of the gel layer can be, for example, between about 3 microns to about 100 microns, but may be as thick as one millimeter, or as another example, between about 4 microns to about 20 microns.
  • the gel layer can have a modulus of, for example, about 100 pounds per inch to about 800 pounds per inch, or as another example, 200 to 600 pounds per inch.
  • the metallic layer can have a thickness of, for example, about 10 "4 microns to about 10 "2 microns, and as another example, from about 0.8 x 10 "3 microns to about 1.2 x 10 "3 microns.
  • the conductive layer can have a thickness of, for example, on the order of 0.05 microns to about 0.2 microns, and as another example, from about 0.8 microns to about 0.12 microns, and as yet another example, about 0.1 microns.
  • the metallic layer is used to provide good contact between the conductive layer and the electro-active material.
  • Those skilled in the art will readily recognize the appropriate metal materials that could be used. For example, one could use gold or silver.
  • the refractive index of the electro-active material may vary, for example, between about 1.2 units and about 1.9 units, and as another example, between about 1.45 units and about 1.75 units, with the change in index of refraction of at least 0.02 units per volt.
  • the rate of change in the index with voltage, the actual index of refraction of the electro-active material, and its compatibility with the matrix material will determine the percentage composition of the electro-active polymer into the matrix, but should result in a change of index of refraction of the final composition of no less than 0.02 units per volt at a base voltage of about 2.5 volts but no greater than 25 volts.
  • the sections of the electro-active refractive matrix assembly are attached to a conventional lens optic with an appropriate adhesive or bonding technique which is transparent to visible light.
  • This bonding assembly can be by way of release paper or film having the electro-active refractive matrix pre- assembled and attached ready for bonding to the conventional lens optic. It could be produced and applied to the awaiting lens optic surface in-situ. Also, it could be applied pre-applied to the surface of a lens wafer, which is then adhesively bonded to the awaiting lens optic. It could be applied to a semifinished lens blank which is later surfaced or edged for the appropriate size, shape as well as the appropriate total power needs.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix may occupy the entire lens area or only a portion of it.
  • the index of refraction of the electro-active layers can be correctly altered only for the area needed to focus. For example, in the hybrid partial field design previously discussed, the partial field area would be activated and altered within this area. Therefore, in this embodiment the index of refraction is altered in only a specific partial region of the lens. In another embodiment, that of a hybrid full field design, the index of refraction is altered across the entire surface. Similarly, the index of refraction is altered across the entire area in the non-hybrid design.
  • the refractive index differential between adjacent areas of an electro-active optic should be limited to a maximum of 0.02 units to 0.05 units of refractive index differential, preferably 0.02 units to 0.03 units.
  • the embodiment would be designed structurally for a full field embodiment; however, the controller would be programmed to allow for switching the power needs from a full field to a partial field and back again or vice versa.
  • each grid sub-area in the array is addressed with a distinct voltage, and conductors connect each wire lead in the frame to a grid element on the lens.
  • An optically transparent conducting material such as indium oxide, tin oxide, or indium tin oxide (ITO) may be used to form the conductive layer of the electro-active assembly which is used to connect the wires in the frame edges to each grid element in the electro-active lens. This method can be used regardless of whether the electro-active area occupies the entire lens region or only a portion of it.
  • One of the techniques for achieving pixelation in the multi-grid array design is to create individual mini-volumes of electro-active material, each with their own pair of driving electrodes to establish the electric field across the mini- volume.
  • Another technique for achieving pixelation uses patterned electrodes for the conductive or metallic layer, grown on the substrate lithographically. In this way, the electro-active material can be contained in a contiguous volume, and the regions of different electric field creating the pixelation are defined entirely by the patterned electrodes.
  • a source of electricity such as a battery
  • the voltages to create the electric field are small, hence, the temples of the frames are designed to allow for the insertion and extraction of miniature bulk batteries which provide this power.
  • the batteries are connected to the wire bundles through a multiplexing connection also contained in the frame temples.
  • conformal thin film batteries are attached to the surface of the frame temples with an adhesive that allows them to be removed and replaced when their charge is dissipated.
  • a tracking system is built into the eyewear, such as discussed above, and the proper enabling software and programming of the electro-active eyewear controller, and/or one or more controller components, housed in the electro-active eyewear is provided.
  • This inventive embodiment both tracks one's line of sight, by way of tracking one's eyes, and applies the necessary electrical energy to the specific area of the electro-active lens being looked through. In other words, as the eyes move a targeted electrically energized area would move across the lens corresponding to one's line of sight directed through the electro-active lens. This would be manifested in several different lens designs.
  • the user could have a fixed power lens, an electro-active lens, or a hybrid of both types to correct for conventional (sphere, cylinder, and prism) refractive error.
  • the non-conventional refractive error would be corrected by way of the electro-active refractive matrix being of a multi-grid structure whereby, as the eye moves the corresponding activated region of the electro-active lens would move with the eye.
  • the eye's line-of-sight corresponding to the eye's movement, as it intersects the lens would move across the lens in relationship to the eye's movements.
  • the multi- grid electro-active structure which is incorporated into or on the hybrid electro- active lens can be of a partial field or a full field design.
  • the non directly viewed area would, in most cases but not all, not be energized or activated and therefore, would correct for conventional refractive error that would get one to 20/20 vision correcting for example, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.
  • the targeted and tracked area in this inventive embodiment would correct for as much non-conventional refractive error as possible, that being irregular astigmatism, aberrations, and ocular surface or layer irregularities. In other inventive embodiments the targeted and tracked area could correct for also some conventional error, as well. In several of the previous mentioned embodiments, this targeted and tracked area can be automatically located with the assistance of the controller, and/or one or more controller components, by way of either a range finder located in the eyewear tracking the eye movements, with a eye tracking system located in the eyewear or both a tracking system and a range finder system.
  • electro-active material is utilized to avoid a circular line visible to the user in the lens in the nonactivated state.
  • a transparent insulator is utilized to keep the electrical activation limited to the central area being activated and the unactivated peripheral electro-active material is utilized to keep the edge of the active region invisible.
  • thin film solar cell arrays can be attached to the surface of the frames, and voltage is supplied to the wires and the optical grid by photoelectric effect using sunlight or ambient room lighting.
  • solar arrays are used for primary power, with the miniature batteries discussed earlier included as back up power. When electrical power is not needed the batteries can be charged from the solar cells during these times in this embodiment.
  • An alternative allows for an AC adapter and attachment to batteries with this design.
  • the electro-active lenses are switchable. At least two switch positions are provided, however, more are provided if needed.
  • the electro-active lenses are either on or off. In the off position, no current flows through the wires, no voltage is applied to the grid assemblies, and only the fixed lens power is utilized. This would be the case in a user requiring a far field distance correction, for example, assuming of course, the hybrid electro-active lens utilizes either a single vision or multifocal lens blank or optic which corrects for distance vision as part of its construction. To provide near vision correction for reading, the switch would be on, providing a predetermined voltage or array of voltages to the lenses, creating a positive add power in the electro-active assemblies.
  • a third switch position can be included.
  • the switch could be microprocessor controlled, or manually user controlled. In fact, there could be several additional positions included.
  • the switch is analog not digital, and provides continuous variance of the focal length of the lens by adjusting a knob or lever much like a volume control on a radio.
  • a voltage or array of voltages is supplied to the lens at all times if both a distance and near vision correction is needed by the user. If only a distance correction or reading accommodation is needed by the user, the electro- active lens would be on when correction is needed and off when no correction is needed.
  • the switch itself is located on the spectacle lens frames and is connected to a controller, for example, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit, contained in the spectacle frames.
  • a controller for example, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • This controller responds to different positions of the switch by regulating the voltages supplied from the power source.
  • this controller makes up the multiplexer discussed above, which distributes various voltages to the connecting wires.
  • the controller may also be of an advanced design in the form of a thin film and be mounted like the battery or solar cells conformably along the surface of the frames.
  • this controller and/or one or more controller components, is fabricated and/or programmed with knowledge of the user's vision correction requirements, and allows the user to easily switch between different arrays of pre-determined voltages tailored for his or her individual vision requirements.
  • This electro-active eyewear controller, and/or one or more controller components is easily removable and/or programmable by the vision care specialist or technician and replaced and/or reprogrammed with a new "prescription" controller when the user's vision correction requirements change.
  • One aspect of the controller-based switch is that it can change the voltage applied to an electro-active lens in less than a microsecond. If the electro-active refractive matrix is manufactured from a fast-switching material, it is possible that the rapid change in focal length of the lenses may be disruptive to the wearer's vision. A gentler transition from one focal length to another may be desirable. As an additional feature of this invention, a "lag time" can be programmed into the controller that would slow the transition. Conversely, a "lead time” could be programmed into the controller that would speed the transition. Similarly, the transition could be anticipated by a predictive algorithm.
  • the time constant of the transition can be set so that it is proportional and/or responsive to the refractive change needed to accommodate the wearer's vision. For example, small changes in focusing power could be switched rapidly; while a large change in focusing power, such as a wearer quickly moving his gaze from a distant object to read printed material, could be set to occur over a longer time period, say 10-100 milliseconds. This time constant could be adjustable, according to the comfort of the wearer. [198] In any event, it is not necessary for the switch to be on the spectacles themselves. In another exemplary embodiment, the switch is in a separate module, possibly in a pocket in the user's clothing, and is activated manually.
  • This switch could be connected to the spectacles with a thin wire or optical fiber.
  • Another version of the switch contains a small microwave or radio-frequency short-range transmitter which sends a signal regarding switch position to a tiny receiver antenna mounted conformably on the spectacle frames. In both of these switch configurations, the user has direct but discreet control over the focal length variation of his or her spectacles.
  • the switch is automatically controlled by a range finding device located, for example, in the frame, on the frame, in the lens, and/or on the lens of the spectacles, and pointing forward toward the object to be perceived.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view of another inventive embodiment of electro-active eyewear 2100.
  • frames 2110 contain electro-active lenses 2120 that are connected by connecting wires 2130 to controller 2140 (integrated circuit) and power source 2150.
  • a range finder transmitter 2160 is attached to an electro-active lens 2120 and a range finder receiver 2170 is attached to the other electro-active lens 2120.
  • transmitter 2160 and/or receiver 2170 can be attached to any electro-active lens 2120, attached to frame 2110, embedded in lens 2120, and/or embedded in frame 2110. Further, range finder transmitter 2160 and/or receiver 2170 can be controlled by controller 2140 and/or a separate controller (not shown).
  • this range finder is an active seeker and can utilize various sources such as: lasers, light emitting diodes, radio-frequency waves, microwaves, or ultrasonic impulses to locate the object and determine its distance.
  • a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser VCSEL
  • VCSEL vertical cavity surface-emitting laser
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • the advantage of this device is that OLEDs can often be fabricated in a way that they are mostly transparent. Thus, an OLED might be a preferable rangefinder design if cosmetics is a concern, since it could be incorporated into the lens or frames without being noticeable.
  • An appropriate sensor to receive the reflected signal off the object is placed in one or more positions on the front of the lens frames and connected to a tiny controller to compute the range. This range is sent via a wire or optical fiber to the switching controller located in the lens frames or a wireless remote carried on oneself and analyzed to determine the correct switch setting for that object distance.
  • the ranging controller and switching controller may be integrated together.
  • the switch can be controlled by a small but rapid movement of the user's head. This would be accomplished by including a tiny micro-gyroscope or micro-accelerometer in the temple on the lens frames. A small, rapid shake or twist of the head would trigger the micro- gyro or micro-accelerometer and cause the switch to rotate through its allowed position settings, changing the focus of the electro-active lens to the desired correction.
  • Yet another exemplary embodiment uses a combination of microgyroscope with a manual switch.
  • the microgyroscope is utilized for mostly reading and visual functions below the 180 so as to react to one's head tilt.
  • the microgyroscope sends a signal to the controller indicating the degree of head tilt, which is then converted into increased focusing power, depending on the severity of the tilt.
  • the manual switch which can be remote, is used for overriding the microgyroscope for certain visual functions at or above the 180, such as working on a computer.
  • a combination of a rangefinder and a microgyroscope is utilized.
  • the microgyroscope is utilized for near vision, and other vision functions below the 180, and the rangefinder is used for viewing distances which are above the 180 and are of a viewing distance of, for example, four feet or less.
  • another exemplary embodiment utilizes an eye-tracker to measure inter-pupillary distance. As the eyes focus on distant or near objects, this distance changes as the pupils converge or diverge. At least two light-emitting diodes and at least two adjacent photo-sensors to detect reflected light from the diodes off the eye are placed on the inside frame near the nose bridge. This system can sense the position of the edge of the pupil of each eye and convert the position to inter-pupillary distance to calculate the distance of the object from the user's eye plane. In certain embodiments three or even four light emitting diodes and photo sensors are used to track eye movements.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix can also be used to give a spectacle lens an electro-chromic tint.
  • a tint or sunglass effect can be imparted to the lens, which alternates the light transmission somewhat through the lens. This reduced light intensity gives a "sunglass" effect to the lens for the comfort of the user in bright, outdoor environment.
  • Liquid crystal compositions and gel polymers with high polarizability in response to an applied electric field are most attractive for this application.
  • this invention may be used in locations where temperature variations may be sizeable enough to affect the index of refraction of the electro-active layer. Then, a correction factor to all of the supplied voltages to the grid assemblies would have to be applied to compensate for this effect.
  • a miniature thermistor, thermocouple, or other temperature sensor mounted in or on the lens and/or frame and connected to the power source senses changes in temperature. The controller converts these readings into voltage changes needed to compensate for the change in refractive index of the electro-active material.
  • electronic circuitry is actually built into or on the lens surface for the purpose of increasing the temperature of the electro-active refractive matrix or layers. This is done to further reduce the refractive index of the electro-active layers thus maximizing lens power changes.
  • Increased temperature can be utilized either with or without voltage increases thus giving additional flexibility in being able to control and change the lens power by way of refractive index changes.
  • temperature it is desirable to be able to measure, get feed back and control the temperature which has been deliberately applied.
  • the invention locates the controller in the front section of the spectacle frames, for example, in the nose bridge area.
  • the power source which is located in the temples, will be connected to the controller by only two conductors through the temple-front frame hinge.
  • the conductors linking the controller to the lenses can be totally contained within the front section of the frame.
  • the spectacles may have one or both spectacle frame temples, parts of which are easily removable.
  • Each temple will consist of two parts: a short one which remains connected to the hinge and front frame section and a longer one which plugs into this piece.
  • the unpluggable part of the temples each contain an electrical power source (battery, fuel cell, etc.) and can be simply removed and reconnected to the fixed portion of the temples.
  • These removable temples are rechargeable, for example, by placing in a portable A.C. charging unit which charges by direct current flow, by magnetic induction, or by any other common recharging method. In this manner, fully charged replacement temples may be connected to the spectacles to provide continuous, long-term activation of the lenses and ranging system. In fact, several replacement temples may be carried by the user in pocket or purse for this purpose.
  • the wearer will require spherical correction for distance, near, and/or intermediate vision.
  • This allows a variation of the fully interconnected grid array lens, which takes advantage of the spherical symmetry of the required corrective optic.
  • a special geometrically shaped grid consisting of concentric rings of electro-active regions may comprise either the partial region or full field lens.
  • the rings may be circular or non circular such as, for example, elliptical.
  • This configuration serves to reduce substantially the number of required electro-active regions that must be separately addressed by conductor connections with different voltages, greatly simplifying the interconnect circuitry.
  • This design allows for the correction of astigmatism by employing a hybrid lens design.
  • the conventional optic may provide cylindrical and/or astigmatic correction
  • the concentric ring electro-active refractive matrix may provide the spherical distance and/or near vision correction.
  • This concentric ring, or toroidal zone, embodiment allows for great flexibility in adapting the electro-active focusing to the wearer's needs. Because of the circular zone symmetry, many more thinner zones can be fabricated without increasing the wiring and interconnect complexity. For example, an electro-active lens made from an array of 4000 square pixels will require wiring to address all 4000 zones; a need to cover a circular partial region area of 35 millimeters diameter will yield a pixel pitch of about 0.5 millimeters.
  • an adaptive optic made from a pattern of concentric rings of the same 0.5 millimeter pitch (or ring thickness) will require only 35 toroidal zones, greatly reducing the wiring complexity.
  • the pixel pitch (and resolution) can be decreased to only 0.1 millimeters and only increase the number of zones (and interconnects) to 175.
  • the greater resolution of the zones may translate into greater comfort for the wearer, since the radial change in refractive index from zone to zone is smoother and more gradual. Of course, this design restricts one to only vision corrections which are spherical in nature.
  • the concentric ring design can tailor the thickness of the toroidal rings so as to place the greatest resolution at the radius where it is needed.
  • phase-wrapping i.e., taking advantage of the periodicity of light waves to achieve greater focusing power with materials of limited refractive index variation
  • the invention may be desired to smooth the sharp transition from the far-field focus region to the near vision focus region in hybrid lenses employing a partial electro-active area. This occurs, of course, at the circular boundary of the electro-active region.
  • the invention would be programmed to have regions of less power for near vision in the periphery of the electro-active region. For example, consider a hybrid concentric ring design with a 35 mm diameter electro-active region, where the fixed focal length lens provides a distance correction, and the electro-active region provides a +2.50 add power presbyopic correction.
  • toroidal regions or "bands”, each containing several addressable electro-active concentric ring zones would be programmed to have decreasing power at larger diameters.
  • one embodiment might have a central 26 mm diameter circle of +2.50 add power, with a toroidal band extending from 26 to 29 mm diameter with +2.00 add power, another toroidal band extending from 29 to 32 mm diameter with +1.5 add power, surrounded by a toroidal band extending from 32 to 35 mm diameter with +1.0 add power.
  • This design may be useful in providing some users with a more pleasant wearing experience.
  • FIG. 22 is a front view of an embodiment of an electro-active lens 2200. Within lens 2200 are defined various regions proving different refractive corrections. Below mid-line B-B, several near distance corrective regions 2210 and 2220 each having a different corrective power, are surrounded by a single intermediate distance corrective region 2230. Although only two near distance corrective regions 2210 and 2220 are shown, any number of near distance corrective regions can be provided. Similarly, any number of intermediate distance corrective regions can be provided. Above mid-line B-B, a far distance corrective region 2240 are provided.
  • Regions 2210, 2220, and 2230 can be activated in a programmed sequence manner, to save power for example, or in a static on-off manner similar to a conventional tri-focal.
  • lens 2200 can help the wearer's eye focus, by smoothing the transition between the various focal lengths of the various regions. Thereby, the phenomenon of "image jump" is relieved or greatly reduced. This improvement is also provided in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, below.
  • FIG. 23 is a front view of an embodiment of another electro-active lens 2300. Within lens 2300 are defined various regions proving different refractive corrections. Below mid-line C-C, a single near distance corrective region 2310 is surrounded by a single intermediate distance corrective region 2320. Above mid- line C-C, is located a single far distance corrective region 2330. [220] FIG. 24 is a front view of an embodiment of an embodiment of another electro-active lens 2400. Within lens 2400 are defined various regions providing different refractive corrections. A single near distance corrective region 2410 is surrounded by a single intermediate distance corrective region 2420, which is surrounded by a single far distance corrective region 2430. [221] FIG.
  • FIG. 25 is a side view of an embodiment of another electro-active lens 2500.
  • Lens 2500 includes a conventional lens optic 2510 to which several full field electro-active regions 2520, 2530, 2540, and 2550 are attached, each separated from the adjacent regions by insulating layers 2525, 2535, and 2545.
  • FIG. 26 is a side view of an embodiment of another electro-active lens 2600.
  • Lens 2600 includes a conventional lens optic 2610 to which several partial field electro-active regions 2620, 2630, 2640, and 2650 are attached, each separated from the adjacent regions by insulating layers 2625, 2635, and 2645.
  • Framing region 2660 surrounds electro-active regions 2620, 2630, 2640, and 2650.
  • an electro-active lens for correcting refractive error can be fabricated using an electro-active refractive matrix adjacent to a glass, polymer, or plastic substrate lens which is imprinted or etched with a diffractive pattern.
  • the surface of the substrate lens which has the diffractive imprint is directly in contact with the electro-active material.
  • one surface of the electro-active refractive matrix is also a diffractive pattern which is the mirror image of that on the lens substrate surface.
  • the assembly acts as a hybrid lens, such that the substrate lens always provides a fixed corrective power, typically for distance correction.
  • the index of refraction of the electro-active refractive matrix in its unactivated state is nearly identical to that of the substrate lens; this difference should be 0.05 index units or less.
  • the substrate lens and electro-active refractive matrix have the same index, and the diffractive pattern is powerless, and provides no correction (0.00 diopter). In this state, the power of the substrate lens is the only corrective power.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix When the electro-active refractive matrix is activated, its index changes, and the refractive power of the diffraction pattern becomes additive to the substrate lens.
  • the electro-active diffractive layer has a power when activated of +2.00 diopter
  • the total power of the electro-active lens assembly is -1.50 diopter.
  • the electro-active lens allows for near vision or reading.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix in the activated state may be index matched to the lens optic.
  • Electro-active layers that use liquid crystals are birefringent. That is, they display two different focal lengths in their unactivated state when exposed to unpolarized light. This birefringence gives rise to double or fuzzy images on the retina.
  • the first requires at least two electro-active layers to be used. One is fabricated with the electro- active molecules aligned longitudinally in the layer, while the other is fabricated with latitudinally oriented molecules in its layer; thus, the molecular alignment in the two layers is orthogonal to each other. In this manner, both polarizations of light are focused equally by both of the layers, and all light is focused at the same focal length.
  • This class includes any liquid crystal film that forms nematic, smectic, or cholesteric phases that possess a long-range orientational order that can be controlled with an electric field.
  • nematic liquid crystals are: pentyl- cyano-biphenyl (5CB), (n-octyloxy)-4-cyanobiphenyl (8OCB).
  • This class includes any transparent optical polymeric material such as those disclosed in "Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook" by J. E. Mark, American Institute of Physics, Woodburry, New York, 1996, containing molecules having unsymmetrical polarized conjugated p electrons between a donor and an acceptor group (referred to as a chromophore) such as those disclosed in "Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials” by Ch. Bosshard et al., Gordon and Breach Publishers, Amsterdam, 1995.
  • polymers are as follows: polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylcarbazole, polyimide, polysilane.
  • Electro-optic polymers can be produced by: a) following a guest/host approach, b) by covalent incorporation of the chromophore into the polymer (pendant and main-chain), and/or c) by lattice hardening approaches such as cross-linking.
  • PLCs polymer liquid crystals
  • low molecular mass liquid crystals low molecular mass liquid crystals
  • self-reinforcing polymers in situ-composites, and/or molecular composites.
  • PLCs are copolymers that contain simultaneously relatively rigid and flexible sequences such as those disclosed in "Liquid Crystalline Polymers: From Structures to Applications” by W. Brostow, edited by A. A. Collyer, Elsevier, New- York-London, 1992, Chapter 1.
  • Examples of PLCs are: polymethacrylate comprising 4-cyanophenyl benzoate side group and other similar compounds.
  • This class includes polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs), which consist of dispersions of liquid crystal droplets in a polymer matrix. These materials can be made in several ways: (i) by nematic curvilinear aligned phases (NCAP), by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), solvent-induced phase separation (SIPS), and polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS). Examples of PDLCs are: mixtures of liquid crystal E7 (BDH-Merck) and NOA65 (Norland products, Inc.
  • This class includes polymer-stabilized liquid crystals (PSLCs), which are materials that consist of a liquid crystal in a polymer network in which the polymer constitutes less than 10% by weight of the liquid crystal.
  • PSLCs polymer-stabilized liquid crystals
  • a photopolymerizable monomer is mixed together with a liquid crystal and an UV polymerization initiator. After the liquid crystal is aligned, the polymerization of the monomer is initiated typically by UV exposure and the resulting polymer creates a network that stabilizes the liquid crystal.
  • PSLCs see, for instance: C. M. Hudson et al. Optical Studies of Anisotropic Networks in Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystals, Journal of the Society for Information Display, vol. 5/3, 1-5, (1997), G. P. Wiederrecht et al, Photorefractivity in Polymer- Stabilized Nematic Liquid Crystals, J. of Am. Chem. Soc, 120, 3231-3236 (1998).
  • This class includes electro-optic asymmetric organic films, which can be fabricated using the following approaches: Langmuir-Blodgett films, alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (polyanion/polycation) from aqueous solutions, molecular beam epitaxy methods, sequential synthesis by covalent coupling reactions (for example: organotrichlorosilane-based self-assembled multilayer deposition). These techniques usually lead to thin films having a thickness of less than about 1 mm.
  • FIG. 29 a perspective view of an optical lens system in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical lens system in FIG. 29 is shown as containing an optical lens 2900 having an outer perimeter 291 , a lens surface 292, a power source 293, a battery bus 294, a transparent conductor bus 295, a controller 296, a light emitting diode 297, a radiation or light detector 298, and an electro-active refractive matrix or region 299.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix 299 is contained in a cavity or recess 2999 of the optical lens 290.
  • this optical lens system is self-contained and may be placed in a wide variety of supports including eyeglass frames and phoroptors.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix 299 of the lens 2900 may be focused and controlled by the controller 296 to improve the vision of a user.
  • This controller 296 may receive power from the power source 293 via the transparent conductor bus 295 and may receive data signals via the transparent conductor bus 295 from the radiation detector 298.
  • the controller 295 may control these components as well others via these buses.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix 299 may refract light passing through it so that a wearer of the lens 2900 may be able to see focused images through the electro-active refractive matrix 299. Because the optical lens system of FIG. 29 is self-contained, the optical lens 2900 may be placed into various frames and other supports, even though these frames and other supports may not contain specific supporting components for the lens system.
  • the light emitting diode 297, radiation detector 298, controller 296, and power source 293 are each coupled to one another, and to the electro- active refractive matrix 299 via various conductor buses.
  • the power source 293 is directly coupled to the controller 296 through a transparent conductor bus 295.
  • This transparent conductor bus is primarily used to transport power to the controller, which may then be selectively fed to both the light emitting diode 297, the radiation detector 298, and the retroactive refractive matrix 299 as necessary.
  • the transparent conductor bus 295 in this embodiment is preferably transparent, it may also be translucent or opaque in alternative embodiments.
  • a light emitting diode 297 and radiation detector 298 may work in conjunction with one another as a range finder to help focus the electro-active refractive matrix 299. For instance, visible and invisible light may be emitted from the light emitting diode 297. The reflection of this emitted light may then be detected by the radiation detector 298 and may generate a signal identifying that it has sensed the reflected light beam. Upon receiving this signal, the controller 296, controlling both of these activities, may determine the distance for a specific object.
  • the controller 296, previously programmed with the proper optical compensation of the user may then generate signals that activate the electro-active refractive matrix 299 to allow a user looking through the optical lens 290 to view the object or image more clearly.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix 299 is shown as a circle with a 35 mm diameter
  • the optical lens 2900 is also shown as a circle, this time with a 70 mm diameter 290 and a center lens thickness of approximately 2 mm.
  • the optical lens 2900 and the electro-active refractive matrix 299 may also be configured in other standard and non-standard shapes and sizes. In each of these alternative sizes and orientations it is nevertheless preferable that the position and size of the electro-active refractive matrix 299 be such that a user of the system can readily view images and objects through the electro-active refractive matrix 299 portion of the lens.
  • the other components in the optical lens 290 may be positioned in other locations of the optical lens 2900. It is preferable, however, that any location chosen for these individual components be as unobtrusive to the user as possible. In other words, it is preferred that these other components be located away from the main viewing path of the user. Moreover, it is also preferred that these components be as small and transparent as possible to further reduce the risk of obstruction to a user's line of sight.
  • the surface of the electro-active refractive matrix 299 may be flush or substantially flush with the surface of the optical lens 292.
  • the buses may be positioned in the lens along a radius of the lens projecting out from a center point. By positioning the buses in this fashion, the lenses may be rotated in their supports to align the buses in their least obtrusive orientation.
  • this preferred bus design need not always be followed. In Fig. 29, rather than having all of the components along a single bus positioned along a radius of the lens 2900, the radiation detector 298 and the light emitting diode 297 have been positioned on non-radial buses 295.
  • the bus or other conductive material be accessible from the outer periphery of the lens so that the individual components of the lens may be accessed, controlled or programmed as necessary from the edge of the lens even if the lens has been etched or edged to fit a particular frame. This accessibility may include a direct exposure to the outside of the lens as well as being positioned near the surface of the perimeter and then reachable via a penetration into the lens.
  • FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a lens system in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Like, the embodiment of Fig. 29, this embodiment also shows a lens system that may be used to correct or improve the refractive error of a user.
  • the lens system of FIG 30 includes a frame 301 , a transparent conductor bus 305, a light emitting diode/range finder
  • the controller 306 is positioned along the transparent conductor bus 305 between the electro-active refractive matrix 309 and the power source 303.
  • the range finder 307 is coupled to the controller 306 along a different conductor bus.
  • the optical lens 300 is mounted and supported by the frame 301. Furthermore, rather than having the power source 303 mounted on or in the optical lens 300, the power source 303 is mounted on the nose pad
  • FIG. 31 is a perspective view of an alternative lens system in accord with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the controller 316, strap 317, frame 311 , conductive bus 315, electro-active refractive matrix 319, optical lens 310, frame stem or hollow lumen 313, and signal conductors 318 are labeled.
  • the controller 316 has been mounted onto strap 317.
  • This controller 316 is coupled to the electro-active refractive matrix 319 through signal conductors 318 that are positioned within the hollow lumen frame stem 313 of the frame 311 and travel to the controller 316 via the strap 317.
  • FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a lens system in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the frame 321 as well as the electro-active refractive matrix 329, the optical lens 320, and the internal frame signal conductors 328, can all be seen in Fig. 32.
  • the frame 321 contains internal frames signal conductors 328 that may be accessed from any point along their length such that information and power may be readily provided to the components of the optical lens 320 regardless of its orientation in the frame 321.
  • the radial bus may be able to contact the internal frame signal conductors 328 and provide both power and information to control the electro- active refractive matrices 329.
  • Section A-A of FIG. 32 clearly shows these internal frame signal conductors 328.
  • only one may be provided within the frame leaving the frame itself to be used as a conductor to facilitate the transport of power and other information to the components.
  • more than two internal frame conductors may also be used in an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • a conductive layer may, instead, be used.
  • this conductive layer may cover all of the lens or only a portion of the lens. In a preferred embodiment it will be transparent and cover the entire lens to minimize distortion associated with a boundary of the layer.
  • this layer may also be compartmentalized into individual sub-regions to provide a plurality of pathways between the edge of the lens and the components within it.
  • FIG. 33 is a perspective exploded view of an optical lens system in accord with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • an optical lens 333 can be seen with an electro-active refractive matrix 339 and an optical toroid 332.
  • the refractive matrix 339 has been positioned within the optical toroid 332 and then secured to the back of the optical lens 333.
  • the optical toroid 332 forms a recess of cavity in the back of the optical lens 333 to support, hold and contain the electro-active refractive matrix 339.
  • the front of the optical lens 333 may then be molded, surface cast, laminated or treated to further configure the optical lens system to a user's specific refractive and optical needs.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix 339 may then be activated and controlled to improve the vision of a user.
  • FIG. 34 is another exploded view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • an optical lens 340, an electro-active refractive matrix 349 and a carrier 348 can all be seen.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix 349 in this embodiment is coupled to the optical lens 340 via the carrier 348.
  • the other components 347 needed to support the electro-active refractive matrix 349 may also coupled to the carrier 348. In so doing, these components 347 and the electro-active refractive matrix 349 may be readily secured to various optical lenses.
  • this carrier 348, its components 347, and the electro-active refractive matrix 349 may each be covered with another material or substance to protect them from damage either before or after they are coupled to the lens.
  • the carrier 348 may be made with a number of possible materials including a membrane of polymer mesh, a pliable plastic, a ceramic, a glass, and a composite of any of these materials. Consequently, this carrier 348 may be flexible and rigid depending upon its material composition. In each case, it is preferred that the carrier 348 be transparent, although it may be tinted or translucent in alternative embodiments and may provide other desired properties to the lens 340 as well.
  • various manufacturing processes may be employed including micro-machining and wet and dry etching of the lens to form the recess or cavity in which the carrier may be mounted. These techniques may also be used to manufacture the carrier itself including etching one or both sides of the carrier to create a diffractive pattern to correct for any optical aberrations created by the carrier.
  • FIGS. 35a through 35e show an assembly sequence that may be employed in accord with an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the frame 350 and the eye 357 of a wearer can be clearly seen.
  • the electro-active refractive matrix 358, the radial bus 354 and various rotation and position arrows 351 , 352, and 353 can also be seen.
  • FIG. 35c shows the optical lens system with its radial bus 354 at the 9 o'clock position.
  • FIG. 35d shows the same optical lens system of FIG. 35c after it has been edged and a portion of the outer perimeter or region has been removed in preparation for mounting into the frame 350.
  • FIG. 35a shows the same optical lens system of FIG. 35c after it has been edged and a portion of the outer perimeter or region has been removed in preparation for mounting into the frame 350.
  • 35e shows a completed lens system having the electro-active refractive matrix centered over the eye of the user in a first region and the radial bus 354 and power source 359 being positioned between the eye of the user and the temple of the frame 350 in the perimeter region of the lens.
  • the combined perimeter region and first region comprise the entire lens blank in this embodiment. However, in other embodiments, they may only comprise a portion of the total lens blank.
  • a technician assembling this lens system in accord with one embodiment of the present invention may proceed as follows. In a first step depicted in FIG. 35a, the frame 350 to be fitted with the electro-active lens may be placed in front of a user to locate the center of a user's eye 357 with respect to the frame.
  • the electro-active lens may then be rotated, positioned, edged, and cut such that the center of " the electro-active refractive matrix 358 is centered over the user's eye 357 when the user wears the frame. This rotation and cutting is shown in FIGS. 35b, 35c and 35d.
  • the power source or other components may then be snapped onto the bus 354 of the lens and the lens may be secured into the frame as shown in FIG. 35e.
  • This snapping process may include pushing leads from each of the components through the surface of the lens and into the bus to secure the component to the lens as well as to provide for their connection to each other and to the other components.
  • the electro-active lens system and the electro-active matrix are described as being centered in front of or over a user's eye, both the lens and the electro-active matrix may also be placed in other orientations in the user's field of vision including being off-set from center of the user's eye.
  • the lens may be edged, thereby allowing its dimensions to be changed, the lens may be ultimately assembled by a technician to fit a wide variety of frames and individual users.
  • one or both surfaces of the lens may also be surface-cast or ground to further compensate for the user's refractive error.
  • the lens surface may also be laminated to compensate for the user's optical aberrations.
  • the technician may use standard lens blanks to assemble the system. These lens blanks may range from 30mm-80mm with the most common sizes being 60mm, 65mm, 70mm, 72mm, and 75mm. These lens blanks may be coupled with an electro-active matrix mounted on a carrier before or sometime during the assembly process. [258] FIGS.
  • FIGS. 36a through 36e illustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention depicting another assembly sequence wherein, rather than having the range finder and power source positioned on the lens, these components are actually coupled to the frame itself. Illustrated in FIGS. 36a through 36e are a frame 360, a user's eye 367, orientation and rotation arrows 360, 361 , 362 and 363, electro-active refractive matrix 368 and a transparent component bus 364.
  • the user's eye may first be positioned within the frame.
  • the lens may then be rotated with respect to the user's eye such that the electro-active refractive matrix 368 is properly positioned in front of the user's eye.
  • the lens may then be shaped and ground as necessary and inserted into the frame.
  • FIGS. 37a through 37f provide yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transparent bus 374, electro-active refractive matrix 378, user's eye 377, rotation arrows 371 , range finder or controller and power source 373 and multi-conductor wire 372 are depicted throughout these figures.
  • another step depicted in FIG. 37e may be completed. This step, depicted in FIG. 37e, entails wrapping the outer circumference of the lens with a multi-conductor washer or wire system 372.
  • FIG. 38 is an exploded isometric view of an integrated controller and range finder that may be employed in the present invention. Rather than having the controller and the range finder connected to each other via a bus as shown in other embodiments, in this embodiment the range finder, which consists of a radiation detector 381 and an infrared light emitting diode 382, is directly coupled to the controller 383. This entire unit may then be coupled to the frame or the lens as described in the above embodiments. While the dimensions of 1.5 mm and 5 mm are shown in FIG. 38, other dimensions and configurations may also be employed.
  • FIG. 39 is an exploded perspective view of an integrated controller and power source in accordance with yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the controller 393 is directly coupled to the power source 394.
  • FIG. 40 is an exploded perspective view of an integrated power source 404, controller 403 and range finder in accordance with another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the radiation detector 401 and light emitting diode 402 are coupled to the controller 403, which is in turn coupled to the power source 404.
  • the dimensions shown in this case (3.5 mm and 6.5 mm), are exemplary and alternative dimensions may also be employed.
  • FIG. 41 through 43 are each perspective views of a lens system in accord with various alternative embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 41 is a lens system that employs a controller and range finder combination 43 that is in turn coupled to the electro-active refractive matrix 414 and the power source 411 through power conductor buses 412.
  • FIG. 42 shows a combined controller and power source 424 that is coupled to a light emitting diode 422 and radiation detector 421 (range finder) and the electro-active refractive matrix 423 through transparent conductor buses 425.
  • FIG. 43 illustrates the positioning of the combined power source, controller and range finder 432, positioned along the radial transparent conductor bus 433, which is in turn coupled to the electro- active refractive region 431.
  • various dimensions and diameters are shown. It should be understood that these dimensions and diameters are merely illustrative and that various other dimensions and diameters may be employed.
  • an eye tracker may also be added to the lens to track the eye movements of the user both in focusing the electro-active refractive matrix, as well as performing various other functions and services for the user.
  • a combined LED and radiation detector have been described as a rangefinder other components may also be used to complete this function.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Viewfinders (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système comportant une première lentille optique (2900) qui présente une première surface extérieure (292), une deuxième surface extérieure, un périmètre extérieur (291), ainsi qu'une matrice de réfraction (299) électro-active ; et un conducteur relié à cette matrice électro-active. L'invention concerne également un système alternatif comportant un cadre, ce cadre comportant un support de lentille et une partie de branche ; une lentille optique reliée au support de lentille, cette lentille optique comportant une matrice de réfraction électro-active ; un contrôleur relié à la matrice de réfraction électro-active ; et un télémètre relié au contrôleur.
EP02732206A 2001-01-17 2002-01-16 Lentille electro-optique a composants integres Withdrawn EP1358517A4 (fr)

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US26180501P 2001-01-17 2001-01-17
US261805P 2001-01-17
US32699101P 2001-10-05 2001-10-05
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US33141901P 2001-11-15 2001-11-15
US331419P 2001-11-15
PCT/US2002/001143 WO2002057836A1 (fr) 2001-01-17 2002-01-16 Lentille electro-optique a composants integres

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WO2001002897A1 (fr) * 1999-07-02 2001-01-11 E-Vision, L.L.C. Systeme, appareil, et procede de correction de la vision avec des lunettes electroactives

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TW522003B (en) 2003-03-01
AU2002330292B2 (en) 2007-01-25
CA2650681A1 (fr) 2002-07-25
JP2004518167A (ja) 2004-06-17
WO2002057836A1 (fr) 2002-07-25
CA2433338A1 (fr) 2002-07-25
CN1498353A (zh) 2004-05-19
BR0206542A (pt) 2004-06-22
EP1358517A1 (fr) 2003-11-05
EP2063311A1 (fr) 2009-05-27

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