EP1353557A1 - Melange fongicide - Google Patents
Melange fongicideInfo
- Publication number
- EP1353557A1 EP1353557A1 EP02708276A EP02708276A EP1353557A1 EP 1353557 A1 EP1353557 A1 EP 1353557A1 EP 02708276 A EP02708276 A EP 02708276A EP 02708276 A EP02708276 A EP 02708276A EP 1353557 A1 EP1353557 A1 EP 1353557A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- compounds
- iii
- carbamates
- alkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- -1 amide compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052794 bromium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004648 C2-C8 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/24—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups, or; Thio analogues thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fungicidal mixtures comprising
- R 1 and R 2 are halogen and phenyl, which may be substituted by halogen or -CC alkyl, or
- R 4 di- (-C - (_ 4 -alkyl) amino or
- Isoxazol-4-yl which can carry two -CC 4 alkyl radicals mean
- n 1 or 2 and Y is halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and CC -haloalkyl, where the radicals Y can be different if n is 2;
- Z 1 and Z 2 are identical or different and are halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-Cs-alkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl, Ci-Cs-haloalkyl, C-Cs- Haloalkenyl, CC 8 ⁇ haloalkynyl, Ci-C ⁇ alkoxy, Ci-Cs-haloalkoxy, Ci-Cs-haloalkylthio, Ci-C ß- alkylsulfinyl or Ci-Cs-alkylsulfonyl;
- the invention relates to methods for controlling harmful fungi with mixtures of the compounds I, II and III and the use of the compounds I and the compounds II for the production of such mixtures.
- the present invention was based on the problem of mixtures which, with a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, have an improved action against harmful fungi (synergistic mixtures).
- Formula I in particular represents imidazole derivatives of the formula I in which R 1 is halogen, in particular chlorine and R 2 is tolyl, in particular p-tolyl.
- Halogen stands for fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- Compounds of the formula Ib in which X represents bromine (Ib.l) or chlorine (Ib.2) are particularly preferred.
- Formula II represents in particular carbamates in which the combination of the substituents corresponds to one row of the following table:
- the mixture of the compounds Ia, II-6 and III-5 is particularly preferred.
- the compounds I, II and III are able to form salts or adducts with inorganic or organic acids or with metal ions.
- inorganic acids examples include hydrohalic acids such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid.
- Suitable organic acids for example formic acid, carbonic acid and alkanoic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and propionic acid and glycolic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, oxalic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, p-Aminosalizyl- acid, 2-phenoxybenzoic, 2 -Acetoxybenzoic acid in question.
- the ions of the elements chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, tin and lead are particularly suitable as metal ions.
- the metals can, if appropriate, be present in various valencies to which they are assigned.
- the mixtures of the compounds I and II or the compounds I and II used simultaneously, together or separately, are distinguished by an excellent action against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from the class of the Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Phycomycetes and Deuteromycetes out. They are partly systemically effective and can therefore also be used as leaf and soil fungicides.
- the compounds I, II and III can be applied simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, or in succession, the sequence in the case of separate application generally not having any effect on the control success.
- the compounds I, II and III are usually used in a weight ratio of (1:11 and I: III) in each case 20: 1 to 1:20, in particular 10: 1 to 1:10, preferably 5: 1 to 1: 5.
- the application rates of the mixtures according to the invention, especially for agricultural crop areas, are from 0.01 to 8 kg / ha, preferably 0.1 to 5 kg / ha, in particular 0.1 to 3.0 kg / ha, depending on the type of effect desired ,
- the application rates for the compounds I are 0.01 to 1 kg / ha, preferably 0.05 to 0.5 kg / ha, in particular 0.05 to 0.3 kg / ha.
- the application rates for the compounds II and III are accordingly from 0.01 to 1 kg / ha, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 kg / ha, in particular 0.05 to 0.3 kg / ha.
- application rates of mixture of 0.001 to 250 g / kg of seed preferably 0.01 to 100 g / kg, in particular 0.01 to 50 g / kg, are generally used.
- the compounds I, II and III or the mixtures of the compounds I, II and III are applied separately or together by spraying or dusting the seeds, the plants or the soil before or after sowing of the plants or before or after emergence of the plants.
- the fungicidal synergistic mixtures according to the invention or the compounds I, II and III can be used, for example, in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders and suspensions or in the form of high-strength aqueous, oily or other suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, spreading agents or granules prepared and spray by comparison ', atomizing, dusting, broadcasting or watering.
- the form of application depends on the intended use; in any case, it should ensure that the mixture according to the invention is as fine and uniform as possible.
- the formulations are prepared in a manner known per se, for example by adding solvents and / or carriers. Inert additives such as emulsifiers or dispersants are usually added to the formulations.
- alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids e.g. Lignin, phenol, naphthalene and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, as well as of fatty acids, alkyl and alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl, lauryl ether and fatty alcohol sulfates, as well as salts of sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols or fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives , Condensation products of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctyl, octyl or nonylphenol, alkylphenol or tributylphenyl polyglycol ether
- Powders, materials for broadcasting and dusts can be prepared by mixing or grinding the compounds I or II together or the mixture of the compounds I, II and III with a solid carrier.
- Granules e.g. coating, impregnation or homogeneous granules
- a solid carrier e.g., a wax, a wax, or a wax.
- Mineral earths such as silica gel, silicas, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics serve as fillers or solid carriers, for example. as well as fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products such as cereal flour, tree bark, wood and nutshell flour, cellulose powder or other solid carriers.
- fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products such as cereal flour, tree bark, wood and nutshell flour, cellulose powder or other solid carriers.
- the formulations generally contain 0.1 to 95% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 90% by weight, of one of the compounds I or II or the mixture of the compounds I, II and III.
- the active ingredients are used in a purity of 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to the NMR or HPLC spectrum).
- the compounds I, II and III, the mixtures or the corresponding formulations are used in such a way that the harmful fungi, their habitat or the plants, seeds, soils, areas, materials or spaces to be kept free by them are treated with a fungicidally effective amount of Mixture, or the compounds I and II treated separately.
- the application can take place before or after the infestation by the harmful fungi.
- the active ingredients were prepared separately or together as a 10% emulsion in a mixture of 63% by weight cyclohexanone and 27% by weight emulsifier and diluted with water in accordance with the desired concentration.
- ß corresponds to the fungal attack on the untreated (control) plants in%
- the infection of the treated plants corresponds to that of the untreated control plants; at an efficiency of 100, the treated plants showed no infection.
- Leaves of potted vines of the "Müller-Thurgau" variety were sprayed to runoff point with aqueous active ingredient preparation which was prepared with a stock solution consisting of 10% active ingredient, 85% cyclohexanone and 5% emulsifier.
- aqueous active ingredient preparation which was prepared with a stock solution consisting of 10% active ingredient, 85% cyclohexanone and 5% emulsifier.
- the vines were then placed for 48 hours in a steam-saturated chamber at 24 ° C and then for 5 days in a greenhouse at temperatures between 20 and 30 ° C. After this time, the plants were again placed in a moist chamber for 16 hours in order to accelerate the sporangium carrier outbreak. The extent of the development of the infestation on the undersides of the leaves was then determined visually.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10101924 | 2001-01-16 | ||
DE10101924 | 2001-01-16 | ||
PCT/EP2002/000235 WO2002054869A1 (fr) | 2001-01-16 | 2002-01-12 | Mélange fongicide |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1353557A1 true EP1353557A1 (fr) | 2003-10-22 |
Family
ID=7670837
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02708276A Withdrawn EP1353557A1 (fr) | 2001-01-16 | 2002-01-12 | Melange fongicide |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040044060A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1353557A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2005511474A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20030066814A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1484492A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR0206442A (fr) |
MX (1) | MXPA03005634A (fr) |
PL (1) | PL369028A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002054869A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0230155D0 (en) | 2002-12-24 | 2003-02-05 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Chemical compounds |
CN1913777B (zh) | 2004-02-04 | 2011-05-25 | 詹森药业有限公司 | 增效的抗真菌二癸基氯化铵(ddac)组合物 |
NZ583584A (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2010-05-28 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | Synergistic antifungal combinations of imazalil and fosetyl-Al (aluminum tris(ethyl phosphite)) |
JP5352337B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-28 | 2013-11-27 | 石原産業株式会社 | 農園芸用殺菌剤組成物及び植物病害の防除方法 |
JP5764957B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-03 | 2015-08-19 | 住友化学株式会社 | 植物病害防除組成物及び植物病害防除方法 |
CN102715179A (zh) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-10 | 青岛星牌作物科学有限公司 | 一种含氰霜唑和唑菌胺酯的杀菌组合物及应用 |
CN103719090A (zh) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-16 | 江阴苏利化学股份有限公司 | 一种含有氰霜唑和啶酰菌胺的杀菌组合物 |
CN107771812A (zh) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-09 | 南京华洲药业有限公司 | 一种含啶酰菌胺和氰霜唑的杀菌组合物及其应用 |
EP4238440A3 (fr) | 2017-12-20 | 2023-10-18 | Zephyros Inc. | Matériau non tissé respirant à effet de mèche |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1339133C (fr) * | 1987-03-13 | 1997-07-29 | Rikuo Nasu | Derives de l'imidazole et compositions a base de ces derives pour l'elimination d'organismes nuisibles |
RU2129118C1 (ru) * | 1992-01-29 | 1999-04-20 | Басф Акциенгезельшафт | Карбаматы, промежуточные продукты, фунгицидная композиция, способ борьбы с грибами |
HUP9802822A3 (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1999-04-28 | Bayer Ag | Halobenzimidazol derivatives, intermediates, preparation thereof and microbocide compositions containing these compounds as active ingredients |
TW384208B (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 2000-03-11 | Basf Ag | Compositions and methods for controlling harmful fungi |
CN1145418C (zh) * | 1996-08-30 | 2004-04-14 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 杀真菌混合物 |
TW450788B (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 2001-08-21 | Basf Ag | Fungicidal mixtures based on amide compounds and benzimidazoles or precursors which release them |
DE10019758A1 (de) * | 2000-04-20 | 2001-10-25 | Bayer Ag | Fungizide Wirkstoffkombinationen |
-
2002
- 2002-01-12 KR KR10-2003-7009418A patent/KR20030066814A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-01-12 WO PCT/EP2002/000235 patent/WO2002054869A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-01-12 BR BR0206442-1A patent/BR0206442A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-01-12 US US10/250,564 patent/US20040044060A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-01-12 JP JP2002555619A patent/JP2005511474A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-01-12 EP EP02708276A patent/EP1353557A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-01-12 MX MXPA03005634A patent/MXPA03005634A/es unknown
- 2002-01-12 PL PL02369028A patent/PL369028A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-01-12 CN CNA028034597A patent/CN1484492A/zh active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO02054869A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR0206442A (pt) | 2003-12-30 |
MXPA03005634A (es) | 2003-10-06 |
PL369028A1 (en) | 2005-04-18 |
JP2005511474A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
KR20030066814A (ko) | 2003-08-09 |
WO2002054869A1 (fr) | 2002-07-18 |
CN1484492A (zh) | 2004-03-24 |
US20040044060A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
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