EP1344001B1 - Procede et dispositif d'exploitation d'une installation technique comportant plusieurs constituants, en particulier d'une installation de combustion destinee a produire de l'energie electrique - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif d'exploitation d'une installation technique comportant plusieurs constituants, en particulier d'une installation de combustion destinee a produire de l'energie electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1344001B1
EP1344001B1 EP01272002A EP01272002A EP1344001B1 EP 1344001 B1 EP1344001 B1 EP 1344001B1 EP 01272002 A EP01272002 A EP 01272002A EP 01272002 A EP01272002 A EP 01272002A EP 1344001 B1 EP1344001 B1 EP 1344001B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
components
burners
component
value
burner
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP01272002A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1344001A1 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Schlicker
Roland Schreiber
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/08—Microprocessor; Microcomputer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/02—Controlling two or more burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a technical system, which comprises a plurality of components. It further relates to a device for operating such a system.
  • the technical system is a combustion system for generating electrical energy.
  • Technical installations usually comprise several components, which are e.g. either each realize a special function of the technical system or which jointly fulfill a specific function.
  • An example of a technical installation in which components with different functions cooperate is e.g. a power plant for generating electrical energy.
  • a power plant for generating electrical energy.
  • the interaction of numerous components, each with a different task, is necessary:
  • a control program would then have to include associated control instructions for each of these possible operating states to start the desired operating state.
  • the recording of all possible operating states of a technical installation in a control program is often not possible in advance, so that in some cases the operating personnel of the technical installation must manually take over the operation of the components of the technical installation.
  • An example of such a technical system is an incinerator for generating electrical energy, which comprises a plurality of burners arranged in a combustion chamber.
  • the use of the burner should be done in such a way that the supplied fuel is used as efficiently as possible in order to generate a required amount of electrical energy and to operate the system economically.
  • a gentle operation of such a system is desirable, which can be achieved for example by a uniform fire distribution in the combustion chamber.
  • linkage and step controls are in use in many power plants, in which corresponding control commands are provided only for a subset of all possible operating states. Due to this deliberate restriction to defined operating cases, however, such control is not very flexible and human intervention is still necessary for all those operating cases for which no control commands are provided in the controls.
  • the problem of uniform fire distribution in one Solutions are also conceivable in the combustion chamber of an incinerator, in which additional measuring devices are provided, for example for measuring the temperature profile in the combustion chamber, in order then to evaluate these measurements and thus control the use of the burners.
  • a disadvantage is that additional facilities, such as. the aforementioned measuring devices for determining the temperature profile, are necessary. Furthermore, these additional measurements must be evaluated in order to derive control commands for the use of the burner. The additional effort is often considerable. In addition, the technical system by the addition of additional measuring devices imposed sources of interference, which can lead to a standstill of the technical system in case of non-function.
  • a multiple burner AD comprehensive system in which a counter detects the number of on and off operations of each burner.
  • a comparator compares the usage frequencies of the individual burners and assigns the logical number 1 to the burners with the lowest number of uses, while assigning the logical number 0 to the other burners.
  • the burners with the lowest number of actuations are selectively controlled by a logic circuit. The preference given to the burners with the lowest number of actuators in this situation altogether prevents concentrated use of special burners.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a method and an apparatus for operating a multi-component system, in particular a combustion system for generating electrical energy, indicate that overcome the disadvantages mentioned and allow the most economical operation of the technical system.
  • An important aspect of this method according to the invention is that the operating state of the components of a technical system by a number of value numbers, each a component are assigned is described.
  • the value numbers can be, for example, decimal numbers.
  • a change in the operating state of the technical system by going into or out of service components results in a change in at least one value of at least one component of the technical system.
  • the totality of the value numbers of all components at a particular operating time thus describes the current operating state of the technical system.
  • the accumulated numerical values of each component express a priority with which the respective components are next to be switched on or off in order to arrive at a desired operating state.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore a method in which the operating state of a technical system and operating state changes are expressed by a number of numbers, for example decimals, which are further processed (summation) in order to determine the next operating state of the technical system.
  • a number of numbers for example decimals
  • the components are of the same kind.
  • the evaluation of at least one other component with a value number in the case of operating state changes is particularly simple, since the values of the value numbers with which the relevant components are evaluated do not depend on the function of a component Have to be component per se, but only on the role of the component in question, which plays this in a particular operating condition of the technical system in view of a desired economic operation of the system.
  • This development means that less effort has to be expended in establishing the values of the value numbers with which the evaluation of other components takes place, since no special features by means of which the components could differ from one another must be taken into account.
  • a uniform, in particular symmetrical, spatial distribution of components in operation is achieved by the connection or disconnection of components.
  • the components of the technical equipment are e.g. are actuators, which exercise, for example, on a raw material to be processed, on a positioning or conveyors or the like forces, so is a uniform spatial distribution of those actuators who exercise in a particular operating state just a force, advantageous because the burden of the substance in question or the institution concerned is cheaper compared to a non-uniform burden, in which it eg due to internal stresses caused by force gradients, can lead to undesirable deformations, fractures or even destruction.
  • actuators which exercise, for example, on a raw material to be processed, on a positioning or conveyors or the like forces
  • the technical installation is an incineration plant with a number of burners, which are arranged, for example, along the inner wall of a combustion chamber, a spatial distribution of burners in operation is particularly advantageous since a homogeneous temperature profile is thereby achieved in the combustion chamber and the supplied fuel is thus used very efficiently and The system is operated economically and gently.
  • those components which are each arranged at practically the same spatial distance from the going into or out of service component, evaluated with the same value number.
  • said evaluation is particularly advantageous, for example, when force is exerted on a raw material, a product or a device by the components of a plant, since a uniform force minimizes the endangerment of the raw material, the product or the device.
  • a uniform force minimizes the endangerment of the raw material, the product or the device.
  • such an evaluation in the aforementioned incinerator with a number of burners arranged in a combustion chamber is advantageous since a uniform distribution of burners in operation is also desired in view of a uniform temperature profile in the combustion chamber and can be easily achieved in this way.
  • the components are of the same kind.
  • those components which are each arranged at the same spatial distance from the in-or out-of-service component, evaluated with the same value number.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device 9 for operating a technical system 10, the latter comprising components 1, 2, 3,... 8, which are designed as burners and arranged in a combustion chamber 15.
  • the device 9 comprises a computing unit 20, which is connected via command lines 22 and sensor lines 24 to the burners 1, 2, 3, ... 8.
  • the arithmetic unit 20 receives from the burners 1, 2, 3,... 8 respectively their operating state values S1, S2, S3,... S8 via the sensor lines. These operating status values contain, for example, information as to whether the particular burner is currently switched on or off. In the arithmetic unit 20, the operating state values S1, S2, S3,... S8 are evaluated in order to determine, in particular, whether one or more burners are in or out of operation. If this is the case, at least one other burner is evaluated in the arithmetic unit 20 with a value number.
  • Each operating state change as a result of in or out of operation going of burners 1, 2, 3, ... 8 thus triggers a rating, so that each burner operating time of the technical system is evaluated with a number of value numbers, which in the arithmetic unit 20 get saved.
  • the arithmetic unit 20 contains a summation unit ⁇ , which in each case sums up for each burner its currently assigned value numbers.
  • the summed value numbers of each burner 1, 2, 3,... 8 describe for each burner a respective priority with which a particular burner is to be connected or disconnected next.
  • the arithmetic unit 20 further determines from these priorities commands Z1, Z2, Z3,... Z8, which are output to the burners 1, 2, 3,..., 8. These commands may be, for example, on or off commands to the individual burners to ensure ongoing economic operation of the technical system 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, for the case in which burners 1 and 2 of the incinerator according to FIG. 1 have been connected, the evaluation of other burners triggered thereby.
  • the arithmetic unit 20 receives from the burners 1 and 2 respectively their operating state values S1 and S2, which in the present case carry at least the information that the relevant burner 1 or 2 has been switched on.
  • the operating state values S1 and S2 are switched to signal preprocessing stages VV1 and VV2 of the arithmetic unit 20.
  • the signal preprocessing stages take the previously mentioned information from the operating state values S1 and S2, respectively, and allocate one operating state number, for example the constant value 1, to the operating state burner 1 and 2 which is available by way of example.
  • each burner is switched to multipliers 30 assigned to the respective burner.
  • these multipliers each receive at least one value number WZ1, WZ2 or WZ3.
  • WZ1, WZ2 and WZ3 may e.g. correspond to the constant values 6, 3 and 1, respectively.
  • the switched burner 1 triggers an evaluation of the other burners 2, 8, 3, 7, 4 and 6; the switched burner 2 triggers an evaluation of the other burners 1, 3, 4, 8, 5 and 7.
  • the evaluation by the switched-on burner 1 takes place in the present exemplary embodiment in that the summators ⁇ 2, ⁇ 8, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 7, ⁇ 4 or ⁇ 6 associated with the other burners 2, 8, 3, 7, 4 and 6 receive the output signals of the multipliers 30 as in FIG of FIG 2 is obtained as input signals.
  • Each of the adders ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ... ⁇ 8 sums its associated input signals and transfers the respective summation value to downstream signal post-processing stages NV1, NV2, NV3, ... NV8.
  • the signal post-processing stages e.g. a post-processing of the output signal of the respective summer ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ... ⁇ 8 are carried out by e.g. the output of the summer preceding the respective signal post-processing stage is only switched through to a processing unit 35 connected downstream of the signal processing stages if the burner associated with the respective signal post-processing stage or the respective summer is not in operation; if the respective burner is already in operation, the signal post-processing stage in question may e.g.
  • a value other than current evaluation 40 is transferred to the processing unit. Rather, this value can be chosen such that the processing unit 35 recognizes burners already in operation and thus prevents them from receiving a (useless) turn-on command as command Z1, Z2, Z3,... Z8.
  • the main task of the processing unit 35 is to determine from the output signals of the signal post-processing stages NV1, NV2, NV3, ... NV8 those burners which are next to be switched on or off by means of the commands Z1, Z2, Z3,... Z8 , Whether the respective command Z1, Z2, Z3,... Z8 is an ON or OFF command depends on which next operating state, starting from the current operating state of the technical system, is to be achieved in order, for example, to achieve economic operation of the system. If the plant is to be brought from an actual operating state to an operating state which requires a higher firing capacity, the processing unit 35 determines turn-on commands as commands Z1, Z2, Z3,... Z8 for the burners in order to permit economic operation of the plant reach, for example, by those burners are switched, which in conjunction with the already connected burners ensure a homogeneous temperature profile in the combustion chamber 15.
  • the processing unit determines 35 shutdown commands as commands Z1, Z2, Z3,... Z8 for the burners, so that burners in operation are specifically switched off in such a way that that the remaining in-use burners ensure economic operation of the technical system, for example by producing a homogeneous temperature profile in the combustion chamber.
  • the processing unit 35 is therefore capable of selectively generating shutdown commands as commands Z1, Z2, Z3... Z8 depending on the requirement for a next operating state.
  • the burners 1 and 2 should have been switched on. This is reported by means of the operating state values S1 and S2 to the signal preprocessing stages VV1 and VV2.
  • the signal preprocessing stage VV1 generates the value one from the operating state value S1 of the burner 1 and switches this according to FIG. 2 to three of the multipliers 30.
  • the multiplier 30a serves to evaluate the two burners 2 and 8 adjacent to the burner 1, the multipliers 30b and 30c, respectively Evaluation of the burners 3 and 7 or 4 and 6.
  • the burner 5 is not rated by the burner 1 or with the value zero.
  • the values supplied to these three multipliers 30a, 30b, 30c as multipliers WZ1, WZ2, WZ3 are the constant values six, three and one, respectively.
  • multiplier 30b provides the value of three, which is applied to summers ⁇ 3 (which is associated with the third burner) and ⁇ 7 (which is associated with the seventh burner).
  • the output of the third multiplier 30c provides the value one, which is switched to the summer ⁇ 4 (which is associated with the fourth burner) and to the summer ⁇ 6 (which is associated with the sixth burner).
  • the evaluation of the other burners triggered by the burner 2 should take place so that the value Six is applied to the summators ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 3, the value Three to the summers ⁇ 4 and ⁇ 8 and the value one to the summers ⁇ 5 and ⁇ 7.
  • the summators ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5, ⁇ 6, ⁇ 7 and ⁇ 8 determine by summing the values six, six, nine, four, one, one, four and nine, respectively. These values are applied to the corresponding subsequent signal post-processing stages NV1, NV2, NV3, ... NV8.
  • the signal preprocessing stages VV1 and VV2 do not switch the outputs of the summators ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 to the processing unit 35, but e.g. the constant value thousand; the outputs of the remaining summers ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5,... ⁇ 8 are switched to the processing unit 35 unchanged by the subsequent signal post-processing stages NV3, NV4, NV5,... NV8.
  • the processing unit 35 thus has eight input signals available to determine the burner to be connected in the next step.
  • the processing unit 35 can now determine the burner to be switched on in the next step by determining the one or more minimum values of its input values and, in the next step, connecting the respective burners associated with these minima; In the following example, this would mean that the burners 5 and 6 are switched on in the next step. After switching on burner 5 and 6, the burners 1, 2, 5 and 6 are in operation.
  • FIG. 1 shows that uniform combustion of the combustion chamber 15 is ensured by the described connection of the burners 5 and 6 to the already operating burners 1 and 2, since in the spatial burner arrangement according to FIG. 1 in this way with respect to the center the combustion chamber 15 opposite burner pairs are operated, resulting in a uniform firing of the combustion chamber 15 and thus to an economic operation of the technical system.
  • the principle of the evaluation shown in FIG. 2 can be easily generalized: one chooses a particular burner as a reference burner and defines a first one for this purpose second and a third neighbor burner couple.
  • the first adjacent burner pair thus defined is the burner pair formed by the burners 2 and 4
  • the second burner pair is the burner pair formed by the burners 5 and 1
  • the third neighboring burner pair is the burner pair formed by the burners 6 and 8.
  • the burner 3 goes into operation, it triggers, for example, an evaluation of the burners 2 and 4 with the value six, a rating of the burners 5 and 1 with the value three and an evaluation of the burners 6 and 8 with the value one. If another burner now goes into operation, it is selected as a reference burner and forms in an analogous manner another first, another second and another third neighbor burner pair.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the processing unit 35 from FIG.
  • the current valuations 40 are switched to a selection module AB of the processing unit 35;
  • an auxiliary value may also be applied, which is used, for example, by the selection module AB to determine burners to be switched on or off even if the evaluation of the current evaluations 40 is carried out, for example. as a result of a fault is not possible.
  • the current evaluations 40 are given in parallel to their connection to the selection module AB in each case as a threshold height 44 to a respective threshold value block SB.
  • the selection module AB can now be configured, for example, as a minimum value block, which selects the minimum from the current evaluations 40 and outputs this as its output signal to the adder 42 as an input signal.
  • the summer 42 combines the output of the selection module AB with a constant K to a sum, which is simultaneously switched to the inputs of all threshold blocks SB. Since the too Threshold levels 44 associated with the respective threshold value blocks differ in their values, the input signal is the same for all threshold value blocks SB, only those threshold value blocks deliver an output signal not equal to zero as commands Z1, Z2, Z3,... Z8, where the value raised by the constant K increases Input signal exceeds the value of the respectively associated threshold level.
  • the selection module AB as a minimum value module can be used particularly advantageously in the determination of zuzuchaden components of the technical system.
  • the selection module AB is preferably designed as a maximum value component. This ensures that, if the evaluation is carried out in a manner similar to that described in FIG. 2, those components are determined as components to be switched off in the next step, which have the greatest value as current evaluations 40.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour exploiter une installation technique (10) comprenant plusieurs composantes (1, 2, 3, ..., 8), en particulier une installation de combustion pour produire de l'énergie électrique, comprenant les étapes suivantes:
    a) détermination d'une valeur de l'état de service (S1, ..., S8) pour chaque composante (1, 2, ..., 8);
    b) envoi de la valeur de l'état de service (S1, ..., S8) de chaque composante (1, 2, ..., 8) sur des multiplicateurs (30) associés à la composante respective;
    c) réception, par ces multiplicateurs (30), en tant qu'autre signal d'entrée, de respectivement encore au moins un nombre exprimant une valeur (WZ1, WZ2, WZ3);
    d) envoi des signaux de sortie des multiplicateurs d'une composante sur au moins un additionneur (Σ1, ..., Σ8) associé à une autre composante;
    e) détermination, à partir des signaux de sortie des additionneurs (Σ1, ..., Σ8), des composantes qui sont les suivantes à devoir être mises en circuit ou arrêtées.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, la mise en circuit ou l'arrêt de composantes (1, 2, 3, ..., 8) permettant d'obtenir une répartition spatiale homogène, en particulier symétrique de composantes en service.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, les composantes qui sont situées respectivement à la même distance spatiale de la composante qui se met en service ou hors service étant évaluées avec le même nombre exprimant une valeur.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, les composantes (1, 2, 3, ..., 8) étant du même type entre elles.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, les composantes techniques (1, 2, ..., 8) se présentant sous la forme de brûleurs qui sont situés dans un espace de combustion.
  6. Dispositif pour exploiter une installation technique comprenant plusieurs composantes (1, ..., 8), avec une unité informatique (20) qui est reliée, via une ligne de détection (24), aux composantes (1, ..., 8) pour détecter des valeurs des états de service (S1, ..., S8) de ces composantes, caractérisé en ce que l'unité informatique (20) comprend des multiplicateurs qui sont associés aux composantes respectives et dont les premières entrées sont prévues pour la valeur de l'état de service de la composante respective et les autres entrées, pour encore au moins un nombre exprimant une valeur (WZ1, WZ2, WZ3), en ce que les sorties des multiplicateurs d'une composante sont reliées à au moins un additionneur (Σ1, ..., Σ8) associé à une autre composante, des ordres (Z1, ..., Z8) étant déterminés au moyen des signaux de sortie des additionneurs, lesquels ordres déterminent lesquelles des composantes sont les suivantes à devoir être mises en circuit ou arrêtées.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une unité de traitement (35) servant à déterminer les composantes qui sont les suivantes à devoir être mises en circuit ou arrêtées est montée en aval des additionneurs (Σ1, ..., Σ8), laquelle unité contient un composant de sélection (AB) qui se présente sous la forme d'un composant de valeur minimale ou d'un composant de valeur maximale.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les composantes (1, ..., 8) sont du même type.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les composantes se présentent sous la forme de brûleurs qui sont situés dans un espace de combustion.
EP01272002A 2000-12-22 2001-12-12 Procede et dispositif d'exploitation d'une installation technique comportant plusieurs constituants, en particulier d'une installation de combustion destinee a produire de l'energie electrique Expired - Lifetime EP1344001B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01272002A EP1344001B1 (fr) 2000-12-22 2001-12-12 Procede et dispositif d'exploitation d'une installation technique comportant plusieurs constituants, en particulier d'une installation de combustion destinee a produire de l'energie electrique

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00128305 2000-12-22
EP00128305A EP1217300A1 (fr) 2000-12-22 2000-12-22 Procédé et appareil pour opérer une installation technique comportant plusieurs components, en particulier une installation de combustion d'une centrale électrique
PCT/EP2001/014601 WO2002052199A1 (fr) 2000-12-22 2001-12-12 Procede et dispositif d'exploitation d'une installation technique comportant plusieurs constituants, en particulier d'une installation de combustion destinee a produire de l'energie electrique
EP01272002A EP1344001B1 (fr) 2000-12-22 2001-12-12 Procede et dispositif d'exploitation d'une installation technique comportant plusieurs constituants, en particulier d'une installation de combustion destinee a produire de l'energie electrique

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EP1344001A1 EP1344001A1 (fr) 2003-09-17
EP1344001B1 true EP1344001B1 (fr) 2007-10-31

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EP00128305A Withdrawn EP1217300A1 (fr) 2000-12-22 2000-12-22 Procédé et appareil pour opérer une installation technique comportant plusieurs components, en particulier une installation de combustion d'une centrale électrique
EP01272002A Expired - Lifetime EP1344001B1 (fr) 2000-12-22 2001-12-12 Procede et dispositif d'exploitation d'une installation technique comportant plusieurs constituants, en particulier d'une installation de combustion destinee a produire de l'energie electrique

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US (1) US7181321B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1217300A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE377174T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50113205D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2292531T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002052199A1 (fr)

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US7181321B2 (en) 2007-02-20
DE50113205D1 (de) 2007-12-13
US20040161715A1 (en) 2004-08-19
EP1344001A1 (fr) 2003-09-17
ATE377174T1 (de) 2007-11-15
EP1217300A1 (fr) 2002-06-26
WO2002052199A1 (fr) 2002-07-04
ES2292531T3 (es) 2008-03-16

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