Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D3/06—Rotors
  • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D3/06—Rotors
  • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
  • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
  • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
  • F03D3/068—Cyclic movements mechanically controlled by the rotor structure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/20—Rotors
  • F05B2240/202—Rotors with adjustable area of intercepted fluid
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the vertical-axis wind turbines with movable blades.
• Wind turbines are particularly used for the production of electricity. As the tendency towards environment-friendliness and therefore to clean energy is enhanced in recent years, the wind turbines progressively gain importance and develop rapidly. Now, the power of an average wind turbine is around 1MW.
• Wind turbines are classified in two groups, namely : the horizontal-axis wind turbines and the vertical-axis wind turbines.
• the horizontal axis wind turbines which consist of a high tower with a generator and three blades on it, are more commonly used. Said wind turbines have to be turned to the direction of the wind. The wind impact onto the inclined surfaces of the turbine blades, forces said blades to rotate in a direction that is 90° reverse to its direction. These blades rotating in different directions are also the source of undesired turbulences.
• the active areas facing the wind are small, i.e the blade surfaces are narrow (as compared to the swept area in order to get rid of said turbulence.
• a device operating by means of the wind power is expected to meet the wind at larger areas, as is the case for the sails of a vessel.
• the object of the present invention is to realize a more efficient vertical-axis wind turbine with means for controlling the rotation/speed and a storm protection system.
• Figure 1 is the general view of the vertical-axis wind turbine
• Figure 2 is the view showing the mutually opposing two blade assemblies
• Figure 3 is the section-view of the blade assembly in open position Figure 4
• Figure 5 is the section-view of the blade assembly in closed position Figure 5
• Figure 6 is the section view of an alternative embodiment with double hinge shaft
• Figure 7 is the general view of the vertical-axis wind turbine with frame- type blades.
• compensating arm 10 hydraulic cylinder
• the vertical-axis wind turbine (1) of the present invention consists of a vertical axis (3) mounted on the support structure (2) and the blade assemblies (4) connected onto said axis (3) horizontally in a descending order, from the top to the bottom.
• Said vertical axis (3) is ratable around its axis and transmits this rotary movement to such components as a generator, a motor, a pump, and the like converting it to other types of energy.
• the blade assembly (4) consists of an elliptical support arm (5) and two blades, namely the upper and the lower blades (6) connected to said support arm (5) by a hinge (15) and the compensating arm (9).
• a compensating operation slot (16) is provided on the support arm (5) for the movement of said compensating arm (9).
• Another blade assembly is placed as opposed to each blade assembly (4) with respect to the vertical axis, the hinged edges (15) being in reverse direction.
• a pair of blade assembly (4) is provided at each level of the vertical axis (3) (fig. 1).
• the rotating blades (6) enlargen their areas to face the wind as much as possible, while rotating in the direction of the wind; thus wind forces the blades (6) to rotate in its flow direction and by pushing the blades (6) which are limited in the opening direction to rotate the blade assembly completely.
• the blade (6) rotates from behind towards the front of the axis (3), at its left side and its hinged side (15) now is in the wind direction and then the blades (6) receiving the wind from behind, close on the support arm (5) and take an aerodynamic form.
• said blades (6) make their areas exposed to wind as small as possible and come forwards against the wind by a minimum resistance.
• auxiliary mechanisms such as the lower blade-upper blade compensating unit (7) and the hydraulic control unit (8) are developed.
• the lower blade-upper blade compensating unit (7) regulates the cooperation of the lower and upper blades (6). Normally, in an environment with no winds, if the blades (6) are left as they are, the upper blade (6) falls over the support arm (5) by its own weight and closes, whereas the lower blade (6) hangs down by the gravitational force and remains open.
• the lower blade-upper blade compensating unit (7) consisting of the compensating arm (9), the compensating arm-blade movable joint (14), the triple-joint connection formed by two compensating arms (9) and the hydraulic cylinder rod (11), the spring (12) and a passage way wherein the triple joint connection (13) is guided in the support arm (5).
• the lower blade-upper blade compensating unit (7) enables two blades (6) to open/close together. Furthermore, it creates a balance by using the movement of the lower blade (6) which has a tendency to fall down, to raise the upper blade (6) upwards and thus provides a more efficient operation of the turbine (1).
• the spring (12) placed in the lower blade-upper blade compensating unit (7) applies a force onto the triple joint connection (13) and thus holds the blades (6) in a semi open position when there is no wind.
• This is particularly advantageous when the blades (6) are in a position where they are in front of the axis (3) with respect to the wind. In this case, as the blade (6) will start to open at this short time period when it is not effected by the wind, receiving of the wind into the blade during the next moment of the rotation will be accelerated.
• a balancing/compensation between the opposingly arranged blade assemblies (4) is also required in addition to the balance between the upper and lower blades (6) for an efficient operation of the turbine (1).
• the blades (6) of one assembly (4) When the blades (6) of one assembly (4) are filled with wind and open, the blades (6) of the opposing assembly (4) should be closed. This movement is regulated by the hydraulic control unit (8).
• the pushing piston rod (11) of the hydraulic cylinder (10) placed in the support arm (5) activates the blades (6) to open or to close, by acting on the lower blade-upper blade compensating unit (7) by means of the triple joint connection (13).
• the hydraulic cylinders (10) of the mutually opposing blade assemblies (4) are interconnected by means of a pressure transmitting hose (17).
• the vertical axis (3) to which the blade assemblies (4) are connected rotates in the bearing recess provided in the supporting structure (2) fixed to the ground.
• a rotation speed sensing unit in the axis (3) provides a constant rotation speed at different wind speeds by operating over the hydraulic control unit (8). While providing the rotational speed control, when the oil pressure in the hydraulic control unit (8) exceeds a predetermined level, extra oil is pumped to the system, the blades (6) are completely closed and taken under protection against storm.
• the open blades (6) of the turbine (1) according to the present invention are preferably of a concave structure in the wind direction. This characteristic, causes the wind to be caught by the blades (6) and a maximum yield to be obtained from the wind power.
• Said concave structure extends along the entire blade (6) as a groove and both ends of the blade (6) are open.
• Wind leaving its energy by its impact on the inner surface of the blade (6), leaves the blade (6) inner space by taking the benefit of said concave structure serving as a groove, in order to be replaced by the new wind.
• This evacuation is realized either from the inside or from the outside, depending on the angle of the blade (6) with respect to the wind.
• the overflow of the wind from the upper and lower sides of the blades (6) is avoided and the smooth flow of the wind towards an upper and a lower blade assembly (4) will not be disturbed.
• the upper and lower blades (6) are interconnected by means of a hinge with two shafts (20) (Fig.6).
• the upper and lower blades (6) are connected separately by using separate shafts to the support arm (5), Furthermore said shafts (20) are elongated so that the opposing blade assembly (4) is directly connected to said hinge shafts.
• the sides of the blade (6) and the support arm (5), with the hinge have to be offset towards the center of the axis (3).
• the hinge shafts of opposing blades (6) are so adjusted that all blades (6) will stand in semi-open positions.
• the blade (6) of the opposing assembly has to be closed by the shaft drive. Moreover, by the pushing of the spring (12) in the lower blade-upper blade compensating unit (7), all blades are forced to stay in a semi-open position when there is no wind. In this embodiment, the lower blade- upper blade compensating unit (7) is used but the hydraulic control unit (8) is not used. As the wind opens the blades (6) of one group, the blades (6) of the opposing assembly is automatically closed. In this embodiment with a hinge (20) with double shaft, the rotation is continuous. The turbine (1) cannot be interfered for such purposes as rotation/speed control or protection against storm, from outside.
• frame blades (18) are used (f ⁇ g.7).
• the vertical-axis turbine (1) with frame blades (18) consists of a support structure (2), a vertical axis (3), frames (19) connected to the vertical axis (3) and blades (18) placed inside said frames (19).
• the blades (18) are attached to the frame (19) at their upper sections by shafts.
• the blades (18) completely close the frame (19) under the effect of the gravitational force.
• the blades (18) on one side of the axis (3) stay closed, while those on the other side of the axis (3) allow the wind to pass through the frame by bringing their surfaces to a position parallel to the ground.
• the wind turbine (1) By the use of the wind turbine (1) according to the present invention, the wind, being out most important source of "clean energy" will not be an alternative source any more, but it will be the main source of energy. Installation costs of the wind turbines will be reduced as efficiency will increase. Fossile fuel consumption will decrease and the global calefaction will be slowed down, by using wind as the main energy source.
• the vertical.-axis turbine (1) which is more efficient than a horizontal-axis turbine of the same size, the wind energy potential of the world will be enhanced.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-10-12 WO PCT/TR2001/000053 patent/WO2002033253A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2001-10-12 EP EP01987849A patent/EP1339984A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-10-12 AU AU2002224314A patent/AU2002224314A1/en not_active Abandoned

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