EP1337608A4 - Emulsions de carburant diesel peu polluant - Google Patents

Emulsions de carburant diesel peu polluant

Info

Publication number
EP1337608A4
EP1337608A4 EP01975605A EP01975605A EP1337608A4 EP 1337608 A4 EP1337608 A4 EP 1337608A4 EP 01975605 A EP01975605 A EP 01975605A EP 01975605 A EP01975605 A EP 01975605A EP 1337608 A4 EP1337608 A4 EP 1337608A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
emissions
ppm
cerium
emulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01975605A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1337608A1 (fr
Inventor
James M Valentine
Barry N Sprague
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clean Diesel Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Clean Diesel Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clean Diesel Technologies Inc filed Critical Clean Diesel Technologies Inc
Publication of EP1337608A1 publication Critical patent/EP1337608A1/fr
Publication of EP1337608A4 publication Critical patent/EP1337608A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
    • C10L1/1883—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/1814—Chelates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1886—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof naphthenic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1888—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof tall oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/189—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof having at least one carboxyl group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C10L1/301—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a new low-emissions diesel fuel based on an emulsion of a base fuel designed for use in jet engines and modified for use in diesel engines, especially of the type used to power buses in metropolitan areas where emissions are of special concern.
  • Efforts are being made in many jurisdictions to reduce the emissions of regulated pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulates.
  • the technologies have included those that modify the combustion conditions and fuels, known as primary measures, and those that treat the exhaust after combustion, known as secondary measures. When effective primary measures are employed, the secondary measures can still be employed to achieve further reductions.
  • the invention provides a new low-emissions fuel for use in diesel engines and a method of reducing pollutant emissions from diesel engines.
  • the diesel fuel of the invention is in the form of an emulsion and its formulation and use in diesel engines are described below.
  • the invention provides a new diesel fuel comprised of an emulsion of water and a base fuel comprising a lubricity additive and a detergent. It is surprising that although a platinum and/or cerium fuel additive can be employed, such is not essential to the achievement of surprisingly good emission reductions as compared to conventional diesel fuel and diesel fuel emulsions.
  • the preferred detergent comprises polyolefin amide alkyleneamine (about 65- 80%) and the remainder petroleum distillate. Equivalents which have the same essential function can also be employed.
  • One preferred form is available from Texaco as TFA-4690-C, at concentrations of from about 50 to 300 ppm, more narrowly 75 to 150 ppm, e.g., about lOOppm, for which they provide the following analysis:
  • a preferred lubricity additive comprises tall oil fatty acids, available commercially as mixture of fatty acids including oleic, linoleic and the like. Equivalents which have the same essential function can also be employed.
  • Dimer acids are high molecular weight dibasic acids produced by the dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids at mid-molecule and usually contain 21-36 carbons. Similarly, trimer acids contain three carboxyl groups and usually 54 carbons. Dimer and trimer acids are generally made by a Diels Alder reaction. This usually involves the reaction of an unsaturated fatty acid with another polyunsaturated fatty acid—typically linoleic acid. Starting raw materials usually include tall oil fatty acids. In addition, it is also known to form dimer and trimer acids by reacting acrylic acid with polyunsaturated fatty acids. After the reaction, the product usually comprises a small amount of monomer units, dimer acid, trimer acid, and higher analogs.
  • dimer acid i.e., at least about 85% dimer acid
  • the reactant product is often merely referred to as dimer acid.
  • dimer acids for use in this invention include Westvaco Diacid 1550, commercially available from Westvaco Chemicals of Charleston Heights, S.C.; Unidyme 12 and Unidyme 14, commercially available from Union Camp Corporation of Dover, Ohio; Empol 1022, commercially available from Henkel Corporation of Cincinnati, Ohio; and Hystrene 3695, commercially available from Witco Co. of Memphis, Term.
  • blends of dimer and trimer acids can also be used as the lubricity additive of the present invention.
  • These blends can be formed by combining dimer and trimer acids, or can comprise the reaction product from the formation of the dimer acid, which can contain substantial amounts of trimer acid.
  • blends comprise about 5% to about 80% dimer acid.
  • Specific blends include a blend of about 75%o dimer acid and about 25% trimer acid, commercially available as Hystrene 3675, , a blend of 40% dimer acid and 60% trimer acid, commercially available as Hystrene 5460, and a blend of about 60% dimer acid and about , 40% trimer acid, all commercially available from Witco Co. of Memphis, Term.
  • lubricity additive is available from Texaco as TFA- 4769, at concentrations of from about 25 to 500 ppm, e.g., about 50-150 ppm, for which they provide the following analysis:
  • the base fuel comprises a commercially-available jet fuel. It can be purchased from Colonial Pipeline Company as "fungible aviation kerosene grade 55". Equivalents which have the same essential function and those varying compositionally by up to 15 %, preferably by less than 5%, can also be employed. It is characterized by the following average analysis:
  • the fuel as described above will be formulated as an emulsion of water-in-oil where the emulsion is made by inclusion of from 1 to 30% of an aqueous phase with 70-99% of the oil phase as previously defined.
  • Surfactants, lubricity agents and/or corrosion inhibitors can be added as described in U. S. Patent No. 5,743,922 or as otherwise known in the art.
  • An emulsion of water-in-oil typically provides about 1% NO x reduction for each 1% water added.
  • the new fuel improves the reductions in pollutants normally achieved with diesel fuel emulsions and its combination with other pollution control technologies will provide emissions reductions greater than either alone.
  • the use of platinum group metal and/or cerium fuel-borne catalysts is optional, but can further enhance reductions.
  • the emulsion is prepared in the absence of such additives.
  • the fuel thus fo ⁇ ned can be used to fuel a diesel engine with reduced emissions of pollutants, which can be further enhanced with the simultaneous use of engine timing changes, exhaust gas recirculation, oxidation catalysts, lean NO x catalysts and/or particulate filters for enhanced emissions control.
  • the fuel can contain a fuel-soluble catalyst comprised of fuel-soluble platinum group metal compositions and/or cerium compositions.
  • a fuel-soluble catalyst comprised of fuel-soluble platinum group metal compositions and/or cerium compositions.
  • fuel-soluble platinum group metal compositions and/or cerium compositions One or more of these optional additives can be employed in forms and amounts effective to deliver the catalytic metal in active form to the exhaust system of a diesel engine.
  • cerium III acetylacetonate cerium III napthenate
  • cerium octoate and other soaps such as stearate, neodecanoate, and octoate (2-ethylhexoate).
  • the cerium is preferred at concentrations of 2 to 20 ppm, more narrowly form 4 to 15 ppm, cerium w/v of fuel, i.e., weight of cerium metal in mg to volume of fuel in liters.
  • the cerium is supplied as cerium hydroxy oleate propionate complex (40% cerium by weight). Preferred levels are toward the lower end of this range.
  • platinum group metal compositions e.g., 1,5-cyclooctadiene platinum diphenyl (platinum COD), described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,891,050 to Bowers, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,034,020 to Epperly, et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,093 to Peter- Hoblyn, et al., can be employed as the platinum source.
  • platinum COD 1,5-cyclooctadiene platinum diphenyl
  • platinum group metal catalyst compositions include commercially-available or easily-synthesized platinum group metal acetylacetonates, platinum group metal dibenzylidene acetonates, and fatty acid soaps of tetramine platinum metal complexes, e.g., tetramine platinum oleate.
  • the platinum is preferred at concentrations of 0.1 - 2.0 ppm, e.g., up to about 1.0 ppm platinum w/v of fuel. Preferred levels are toward the lower end of this range, e.g., 0.15 -0.5 ppm.
  • Platinum COD is the preferred form of platinum for addition to the fuel.
  • diesel particulate filter is meant to refer to those devices known in the art as exhaust gas filters that reduce particulate emissions by trapping a portion of the particulates within a complex internal structure. They must be regenerated or replaced as deposits will accumulate.
  • lean NO x catalysts is meant to refer to those devices known in the art for catalytically reducing NO x emissions under lean fuel (oxygen-rich) conditions. Suitable catalysts of this type are described in U. S. Patent No. 4,904,633 to Ohata , et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • diesel oxidation catalyst is meant to refer to those devices known in the art as exhaust gas treatment catalysts that reduce particulate, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions by causing contact with catalyzed surfaces in lieu of trapping particulates as done in the diesel particulate filters.
  • the fuel bome catalyst described above when used with the base fuel as also described - forming the fuel of the invention — enables very reduced emissions with enhanced oxidation catalyst operation.
  • Retarding engine timing e.g., by from about 2 to about 6°
  • Retarding engine timing is a known procedure for reducing NO x , unfortunately it will by itself cause pollutant generation due to poor combustion. This tradeoff has been troubling the art since emissions control became important. It is an advantage of the invention, that both reduced NO x and other pollutants can be achieved by employing the fuel of the invention in combination with one or more of the above techniques and/or exhaust gas recirculation wherein a portion of the exhaust gas is intermixed with combustion air.
  • This example describes the preparation of a low-emissions diesel fuel according to a preferred aspect of the invention.
  • a fuel is blended using the Colonial Pipeline Company fungible aviation kerosene grade 55 analyzed above, with 100 ppm of the TFA 4690-C detergent, 150-250 ppm of the noted Texaco lubricity additive and 20%) water by weight.
  • the fuel was emulsified to obtain a water in oil emulsion which is used to fuel a diesel engine with reduced production of pollutants.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

Un carburant diesel peu polluant comprend du kérosène pour l'aviation ou un équivalent qui est émulsionné avec 1 à 30 % d'eau, et contient de préférence de 50 à 300 ppm de détergent et de 25 à 500 ppm d'additif à pouvoir lubrifiant. Pour améliorer les résultats, on peut également utiliser un composé du groupe platine soluble dans le carburant, tel que du COD platine suivant une quantité comprise entre 0,1 et 2,0 ppm et un composé de cérium soluble dans le carburant tel que de l'oléate de cérium suivant une quantité comprise entre 5 et 20 ppm. La présente invention concerne un procédé de réduction des émissions de polluants produites par un moteur diesel qui consiste à faire fonctionner le moteur avec un carburant tel que celui selon l'invention. Le procédé est amélioré lorsqu'on utilise également une autre technique de réduction de la pollution telle que par exemple les changements de calage du moteur, la recirculation des gaz d'échappement, les catalyseurs d'oxydation, les catalyseurs produisant peu de NOx et les filtres à particules pour réduire plus fortement les émissions.
EP01975605A 2000-09-28 2001-09-28 Emulsions de carburant diesel peu polluant Withdrawn EP1337608A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23613600P 2000-09-28 2000-09-28
US236136P 2000-09-28
PCT/US2001/030606 WO2002026918A1 (fr) 2000-09-28 2001-09-28 Emulsions de carburant diesel peu polluant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1337608A1 EP1337608A1 (fr) 2003-08-27
EP1337608A4 true EP1337608A4 (fr) 2004-02-18

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EP01975605A Withdrawn EP1337608A4 (fr) 2000-09-28 2001-09-28 Emulsions de carburant diesel peu polluant

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20040098905A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1337608A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001294915A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2423859A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002026918A1 (fr)

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US20050188605A1 (en) * 2000-08-01 2005-09-01 Valentine James M. Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst
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US20040098905A1 (en) 2004-05-27

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