EP1336901A1 - Feuille réceptrice d' images pour électrophotographie utilisant une courroie de fixation, et méthode de formation d' images utilisant une telle feuille - Google Patents

Feuille réceptrice d' images pour électrophotographie utilisant une courroie de fixation, et méthode de formation d' images utilisant une telle feuille Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1336901A1
EP1336901A1 EP03250920A EP03250920A EP1336901A1 EP 1336901 A1 EP1336901 A1 EP 1336901A1 EP 03250920 A EP03250920 A EP 03250920A EP 03250920 A EP03250920 A EP 03250920A EP 1336901 A1 EP1336901 A1 EP 1336901A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image receiving
toner
electrophotographic image
receiving sheet
resin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP03250920A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Yasutomo Fuji Photo Film Co. Ltd Goto
Yoshio Fuji Photo Film Co. Ltd Tani
Yoshisada Fuji Photo Film Co. Ltd Nakamura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2002038151A external-priority patent/JP2003241051A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2002367099A external-priority patent/JP4015940B2/ja
Application filed by Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Publication of EP1336901A1 publication Critical patent/EP1336901A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
    • G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
    • G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
    • G03G7/002—Organic components thereof
    • G03G7/0026—Organic components thereof being macromolecular
    • G03G7/0033—Natural products or derivatives thereof, e.g. cellulose, proteins
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
    • G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
    • G03G7/002—Organic components thereof
    • G03G7/0026—Organic components thereof being macromolecular
    • G03G7/0046—Organic components thereof being macromolecular obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an image receiving sheet suitable for electrophotography of a type using a fixing belt and a method of forming an image using the image receiving sheet.
  • An electrophotographic process is one of printing processes that are used as a dry process output device for copying machines and computers that has a higher printing speed.
  • This electrophotographic process has a process of transferring a toner image to an image receiving material and fixing the toner image by passing the image receiving sheet through fixing means such as a heating and/or pressurizing head comprising fixing rollers or fixing belts so as to fix the toner image onto the image receiving sheet.
  • fixing means such as a heating and/or pressurizing head comprising fixing rollers or fixing belts so as to fix the toner image onto the image receiving sheet.
  • There are various printing papers available as an electrophotographic printing paper such as general purpose papers including regular papers and quality papers and electrophotographic image receiving sheets that are used with the intention to provide a glossy image and a photographic feeling. As described in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos.
  • such an electrophotographic image receiving sheet comprises a sheet with a toner image receiving layer containing a thermoplastic resin coated thereon.
  • the image receiving sheet is, however, apt to cause offset when it is separated from the fixing head, which often leads to transportation errors. Therefore, as described in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 11-52604, 11-52605, 11-52606 and 11-212292, it has been proposed to add a release agent having a certain level of release effect such as silicone compounds, fluorine compounds or wax in the toner image receiving layer or an outer layer.
  • An amount of release agent is desirable to be as small as possible. This is because the smaller the amount of release agent in the toner image receiving layer is, the more strongly the photographic feeling that is accentuated in an image receiving sheet with a toner image receiving layer coated thereon is enhanced.
  • the amount of release agent has been optimized with respect to the electrophotographic process of the type using fixing rollers and is not always adaptable to the electrophotographic process of the type using a fixing belt. That is, in the conventional electrophotographic process of the type using a fixing rollers, the image receiving sheet is heated by the fixing rollers for a comparatively short time and immediately separated from the fixing rollers.
  • the release agent present on the surface of the toner image receiving layer is instrumental in separation of the image receiving sheet from the fixing rollers and the remaining part of the release agent that is discretely subsistent in the toner image receiving layer is uninvolved in the separation.
  • the image receiving sheet with a toner image receiving layer looses its significant feature, i.e. glossiness, and provides an image different in feeling from a photographic image.
  • the image receiving sheet for use in the electrophotographic process of the type using a fixing belt
  • the image receiving sheet is heated while it remains in contact with the fixing belt and is thereafter separated from the fixing belt after cooling.
  • the toner image receiving layer is heated for a period of time longer than the fixing belt prior to cooling and separation of the image receiving sheet.
  • a release agent discretely subsistent in the toner image receiving layer is heated and melts and then, in some cases, separates out from the toner image receiving layer according to types.
  • the release agent separates out from the toner image receiving layer, that is unevenly distributed on the surface of the toner image receiving layer, is cooled and solidified and forms a solid layer over the toner image receiving layer, so that almost all the release agent is instrumental in separation of the image receiving sheet from the fixing belt. Accordingly, in the electrophotographic process of the type using a fixing belt, it is expected to provide the image receiving sheet with a sufficient separation effect with a less amount of release agent when the release agent is appropriately selected.
  • the image receiving sheet keeps up its offset resistance (which shall mean and refer to the degree of renitency against fractional reverse transfer of a toner image or a toner layer to the fixing belt) and glossiness and provides an image having an abundance of photographic feeling due to an appropriately selected type and an optimized amount of release agent.
  • offset resistance shall mean and refer to the degree of renitency against fractional reverse transfer of a toner image or a toner layer to the fixing belt
  • an electrophotographic image receiving sheet having a toner image receiving layer formed on a support for use with a fixing belt type electrophotographic apparatus.
  • the toner image receiving layer contains a release agent and satisfies the following condition: ⁇ sp 0 - ⁇ sp 1 ⁇ 2.5 [mJ/m 2 ] where ⁇ sp 0 is the value of a polar component of surface free energy of the toner image receiving layer before heating the photoelectric image receiving sheet in the unit of mJ/m 2 , and ⁇ sp 1 is the value of a polar component of surface free energy of the toner image receiving layer after having heated the photoelectric image receiving sheet to 120°C and then cooled it to 25°C in the unit of mJ/m 2 .
  • the toner image receiving layer preferably further satisfies the following condition: ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 0 ⁇ 5[°] where ⁇ 1 is the contact angle of water on a surface of the toner image receiving layer in the unit of ° (degree), and ⁇ 1 is the contact angle of water on the surface of the toner image receiving layer in the unit of ° (degree) when the electrophotographic image receiving sheet has been heated to 120°C and subsequently cooled to 25°C.
  • the release agent preferably comprise at least one selected group of silicone compound, fluorocarbon compound, wax and a matt agent.
  • the wax may comprise either one of natural vegetable wax such as carnauba wax having a melting temperature in a range of from 70 to 95°C and natural mineral wax such as montan wax having a melting temperature in a range of from 70 to 95°C.
  • the toner image receiving layer may contain a thermoplastic resin that is of a type of self-dispersed aqueous polyester resin emulsion having the following properties (1) to (4):
  • the support may comprise one of base paper, synthetic paper, a synthetic resin sheet, coated paper and laminated paper.
  • the toner preferably contains at least a binding resin and a coloring agent and has a volumetric mean particle size in a range of from 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m and a volumetric average grain size distribution index being less than 1.3 and has a ratio of the volumetric average grain size distribution index relative to a number average grain size distribution index equal to or greater than 0.95.
  • the toner is preferably manufactured by a method including at least a process of preparing a dispersion liquid of coagulated resin particles by forming the coagulated resin particles in a dispersion liquid of resin particles, a process of forming particulate-adhered coagulated particles by mixing the dispersion liquid of coagulated resin particles with a dispersion liquid of particulates, and a process of forming toner particles by heating and melting the particulate-adhered coagulated particles.
  • the toner may further contain at least a binding resin and a coloring agent and has a volumetric average particle size in a range of from 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m and an average of shape factors in a range of from 1.00 and 1.50, the shape factor being defined by the following expression ( ⁇ x L 2 )/(4 x L) where L and S are the greatest length and the projected area of toner particle, respectively.
  • an electrophotographic image forming method for use with the electrophotographic image receiving sheet described above which comprises the steps of heating and pressurizing a surface of the electrophotographic image receiving sheet with a toner image formed thereon with the fixing belt and a roller, cooling the electrophotographic image receiving sheet; and peeling off the electrophotographic image receiving sheet from the fixing belt.
  • the electrophotographic image forming method may further comprise the step of fixing the toner image formed on the electrophotographic image receiving sheet with a heating roller before fixing heating and pressurizing the surface of the electrophotographic image receiving sheet.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet is cooled desirably to a temperature lower than either one of a melting temperature of a binder resin contained in the toner and a temperature lower than a temperature 10°C higher than a glass-transition temperature of the binder resin that is lower than the other.
  • the fixing belt may have a uniform thickness layer of fluorocarbone siloxane rubber formed thereon, or otherwise, may further have a uniform thickness layer of fluorocarbone siloxane rubber, such as having a perfluoroalkyl ether group and/or perfluoroalkyl group in a principal chain, formed over the uniform thickness layer of silicone rubber.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet is provided with high offset resistance by appropriately selecting a release agent of toner that causes a significant change in surface free energy of the toner image receiving layer or in contact angle of the toner image receiving layer with water before and after heating even though the image receiving layer contains only a small amount of release agent.
  • a release agent of toner that causes a significant change in surface free energy of the toner image receiving layer or in contact angle of the toner image receiving layer with water before and after heating even though the image receiving layer contains only a small amount of release agent.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet with a toner image formed thereon is heated and pressurized by the fixing belt and roller and separated from the fixing belt after cooling. Accordingly, the electrophotographic image receiving sheet is prevented from causing offset or separation of toner from the toner image receiving layer. This leads to a quality glossy image like a photographic image.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 comprises a support 3, a toner image receiving layer 2 coated on one surface of the support 3 and, if necessary, a backing layer 4 coated on another surface of the support 3.
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 contains a release agent.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 may be provided with other various layers such as a surface protective layer, an intermediate layer, an under coating layer, a cushioning layer, an antistatic control or antistatic layer, a reflection layer, a color control layer, a storage stability improvement layer, an antiadhesion layer, an anticurling layer, a smoothing layer, etc., individually or in any combination.
  • a surface protective layer such as a surface protective layer, an intermediate layer, an under coating layer, a cushioning layer, an antistatic control or antistatic layer, a reflection layer, a color control layer, a storage stability improvement layer, an antiadhesion layer, an anticurling layer, a smoothing layer, etc., individually or in any combination.
  • the support 3 on which no particular limitation is imposed, can be selected without any particular restrictions for any purpose.
  • various papers and sheets such as body paper, synthetic paper, synthetic resin sheets, coated paper, laminated paper and the like. Any support may be of either a single layer structure or of a laminated structure.
  • the materials include natural pulp made from needle-leaved trees or broadleaf trees, synthetic plastic pulp such as polyethylene and polypropylene, or mixtures of natural pulp and synthetic pulp.
  • Pulp desirably utilized as a body paper material is bleached kraft pulp of a broadleaf tree (LBKP) in terms of improving surface smoothness, stiffness, dimensional stability (curling performance) of a body paper all together in a balanced manner and to a sufficient extent.
  • LLKP broadleaf tree
  • NNKP needle-leaved trees
  • LBSP broadleaf tree
  • pulp of a broadleaf tree is a major material.
  • the pulp is pre-treated in a beater mill or a refining mill.
  • a slurry of refined pulp (which is, in some cases, referred to as a pulp slurry) is added with various additives such as a filler, a dried strength enhancement agent, a sizing agent, wet strength enhancement agent, a fixing agent, a pH regulator, and other conditioners.
  • Preferred examples of filler include, but not limited to, calcium carbonate, clay, kaoline, white earth, talc, titanium oxides, diatomaceous earth, barium sulfite, aluminum hydroxides, magnesium hydroxides and the like.
  • Preferred examples of dried strength enhancement agent include, but not limited to, cation-exchanged starch, cation-exchanged polyacrylamide, anion-exchanged polyacrylamide, ampholytic polyacrylamide, carboxy-modified polyvinyl alcohol and the like.
  • Preferred examples of sizing agent include, but not limited to, rosin derivatives such as fatty acid salt, rosin, rosin maleate, etc., paraffin wax, and compounds having a higher fatty acid such as alkylketenedimer, alkenyl, anhydrous succinic acid (ASA), epoxidized fatty acid amide, etc.
  • Preferred examples of wet strength enhancement agent include, but not limited to, polyamine polyamide epichlorohydrin, melamine resin, urea resin, epoxidized polyamide resin, etc.
  • Preferred examples of fixing agent include, but not limited to, metallic salt such as aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, polyvalent, cationic polymers such as cation-exchanged starch, etc.
  • Preferred examples of pH regulator include, but not limited to, caustic soda, sodium carbonate, etc.
  • Preferred examples of additional conditioner include, but not limited to, defoamer, dye, slime controllers, fluorescent brightener, etc. Further, if necessary, the pulp slurry may be added with a softening agent such as described in, for example, New Paper Coating Handbook, pages 554 to 555 (published 1980 by Paper and Chemicals Times).
  • a solution used in surface sizing treatment may contain water-soluble polymers, a sizing agent, a water-resisting material, pigment, pH regulator, dye, fluorescent brightener, etc.
  • water-soluble polymer include, but not limited to, cation-exchanged starch, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxy-modified polyvinyl alcohol, carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, cellulose sulfate, gelatin, casein, sodium polyacrylic acid, sodium styrene-dehydrated maleic copolymer, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, etc.
  • water-resisting material examples include, but not limited to, latex emulsions such as styrene-butadiene copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene, vinyliden chloride copolymers and the like, polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin, etc.
  • Preferred examples of pigment include, but not limited to, calcium carbonate, clay, kaoline, talc, barium sulfite, titanium oxides, etc.
  • Materials for the body paper include synthetic pulp paper, mixed natural and synthetic pulp paper and various duplex paper in addition to the natural pulp paper described above.
  • the body paper In light of improving stiffness and dimensional stability (curling performance) of the image receiving sheet for use in the electrophotographic process, it is desirable for the body paper to have a Young's modulus ratio Ea/Eb (Ea: Young's modulus in lengthwise direction; Eb: Young's modulus in crosswise direction) between 1.5 and 2.0. If the upper and/or lower limits are exceeded, the image receiving sheet is apt to cause deterioration of stiffness and curling performance which undesirably works against transportability.
  • Ea/Eb Young's modulus ratio
  • the body paper used for the image receiving sheet 1 has an image side surface (on which the toner image receiving layer 2 is applied) with an smoothness by Oken scale (which is a value measured in conformity with JAPAN TAPPI Rule No. 5 B and hereafter referred to as an Oken smoothness) greater than 210 seconds that is significantly greater as compared with conventionally applied image surface smoothness, and more desirably greater than 250 seconds. If the Oken smoothness is less than 210 seconds, the image receiving sheet 1 causes qualitative defects of toner image.
  • the imager receiving sheet 1 with a toner image layer 2 applied to a body paper having an Oken smoothness greater than 20 seconds achieves intended effects. Although there is no upper limit bound by Oken smoothness, however, the Oken smoothness is practically desirable to be less than 600 seconds, and more desirably to be less than 500 seconds.
  • stiffness of paper is different according to types of refining of pulp from which the paper is made.
  • An elastic modulus of paper that is made from refined pulp can be used as a key factor representing the degree of stiffness of paper that is made from refined pulp.
  • elastic force (elastic modulus) of paper can be found on the basis of a velocity of sound wave that is generated by an ultrasonic transducer and propagated through the paper utilizing the relationship between a dynamic modulus of elasticity which is one of visco-elastic solid state properties of paper and density.
  • the elastic modulus of paper can be easily obtained when density and a velocity of sound wave are found.
  • a velocity of sound wave propagated through paper is measured by various commercially available instruments known in the art.
  • Sonic Tester SST 110 manufactured by Nomura Corporation Co., Ltd. may be used.
  • the body paper is needed to have a thickness desirably from 30 to 500 ⁇ m, and more desirably from 100 to 250 ⁇ m and a basic weight desirably from 50 to 250 g/cm 2 , and more desirably from 100 to 200 g/cm 2 .
  • Preferred examples of such body paper include, but not limited to, quality paper and paper such as listed in Fundamental Photographic Engineering -Silver Salt Photography-, pages 223 - 240, edited by Japan Photographic Society (Published 1978 by CORONASHA Co., Ltd.).
  • pulp with a distribution of fiber length e.g. the total of a residual volume of 24-mesh screened fibers and a residual volume of 42-mesh screened fivers is from 20 to 45 weight % and a residual volume of 24-mesh screened fibers is 5 weight %) such as described in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 58-68037.
  • the centerline average roughness can be regulated by treating the surface with heat and pressure using a machine calender or a super calender.
  • Preferred examples of material for the synthetic resin sheet include, but not limited to, polyolefin resin such as a polypropylene resin, polyester resin such as a polyethylene terephthalate resin.
  • the synthetic resin sheet is made from the material using sheet forming extrusion.
  • the coated paper is a paper or a sheet that is made by applying coating of one of various resin, desirably thermoplastic resins, rubber latex and polymeric materials to either or both surfaces of a paper such as a body paper.
  • the amount of coating is different according to intended use.
  • Preferred examples of coated paper are art paper, cast-coated paper, Yankee paper, etc.
  • a coating layer of thermoplastic resin is desirably from 5 to 100 ⁇ m, and more desirably from 15 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the coating layers of thermoplastic resin for the opposite surfaces of the paper or the sheet may be the same in component, solid state property, thickness and structure as each other or may be different in component, solid state property, thickness and structure from each other.
  • thermoplastic resin are roughly divided into (1) to (8) groups.
  • Laminated paper is a sheet made by laminating a sheet of body paper and a resin sheet or film, a rubber sheet or film, or a polymer sheet or film using laminate material such as polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polymethacrylate, polycarbonate, polyimide, triacetylcellulose, etc., individually or in any combination of two or more.
  • the polyolefin is often prepared by the use of low density polyethylene.
  • polypropylene a blend of polypropylene and polyethylene, higher density polyethylene, a blend of higher density polyethylene and low density polyethylene, etc.
  • the blend of higher density polyethylene and low density polyethylene is more desirable in light of cost and laminating suitability.
  • the blending ratio (weight ratio) of higher density polyethylene to low density polyethylene is desirably between 1 : 9 and 9 : 1, more desirably between 2 : 8 and 8 : 2, and most desirably between 3 : 7 and 7 : 3.
  • the support 3 at the back side (opposite to the image receiving side) is preferred to be made of higher density polyethylene or a blend of higher density polyethylene and low density polyethylene.
  • the polyethylene is not bound by molecular weight and is, however, desirable to have a melt index between 1.0 to 40g per 10 minutes, either higher density or low density, and good extrusion suitability.
  • These sheets or films may be treated so as to have white reflexivity. This treatment is achieved by mixing pigment such as titanium oxide in the sheet or the film.
  • the resin for coating or lamination is not limited to thermoplastic resin and may include a resin that is produced by polymerizing monomers with heat or light and a resin that is produced from a thermoplastic resin added with a hardning agent or a crosslinking agent and thereafter reacted with heat or light.
  • At least one of coating layers or laminated layers may be of a monomer containing a photo-polymerization initiator or a resin composition cured with ultraviolet radiation.
  • the resin composition is a resin containing an electron radiation curing organic compound as a primary component.
  • the electron radiation curing organic compound is not particularly bounded by type, monomer or oligomer, and used individually or in any combination of two or more.
  • the electron radiation curing organic compound may be chosen from the following groups (1) to (7) of compound.
  • electron radiation curing organic compounds include, but not limited to, polyoxyethylene epichlorohydrin-modified bisphenol A diacrylate, dicyclohexyl acrylate, epichlorohydrin-modified polyethylene glycol diacrylate, 1, 6-hexane diol diacrylate, hydroxy bivaline acid ester neopentyl glycol diacrylate, nonylphenoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified phenoxide phosphate acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified phthalic acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified phtalic acrylate, polybutadiene acrylate, caprolactam-modified tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, tris(acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate, trimethylol propane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol pentaacrylate,
  • the ultraviolet curing organic compound for the resin layer for coating or lamination is not particularly bounded by type.
  • the ultraviolet curing resin composition is prepared by appropriately adding a photo-polymerization initiator to the electron radiation curing organic compounds described above.
  • the resin composition used in electron radiation curing may or may not contain a photo-polymerization initiator.
  • the amount of photo-polymerization initiator is desirable to be within a range where it does not emit a foul odor.
  • Preferred examples of photo-polymerization initiator include, but not limited to, those well known in the art or, specifically, ethyl anthraquinone; acetophenones such as methyl benzoylformate, 1-hydroxy cyclohexyl phenylketone, anthophenone, diethoxy anthophenone and trichloroacetphenone; o-benzoyl methyl benzoate; benzophenone; Michler's ketone; benzyl; benzoin, benzoin alkyl ether; benzyl dimethyl ketal; xanthone; thioxanthones; benzophenones; azo compounds; etc.
  • acetophenones such as methyl benzoylformate, 1-hydroxy cyclohexyl phenylketone, anthophenone, diethoxy anthophenone and trichloroacetphenone
  • o-benzoyl methyl benzoate
  • photo-polymerization initiators can be used individually or in any combination of two or more.
  • the amount of photo-polymerization initiator is desirably 0.1 to 10 weight % relative to the ultraviolet curing resin.
  • a photo-polymerization accelerator well known in the art, such as N-methyl diethanolamine or bisdiethyl amino benzophenone together with the photo-polymerization initiator.
  • the photo-polymerization accelerator is not always bounded by added amount as long as bringing out its accelerative effect. Generally it is desirable to use the photo-polymerization accelerator approximately 0.5 to 2 times as much as the photo-polymerization initiator.
  • Electron accelerator used for electron irradiation is not particularly bounded by type.
  • Preferred examples of electron beam accelerator are the Van de Graaff scanning type of electron irradiator, the double scanning type of electron irradiator, the curtain beam scanning type of electron irradiator, and the like.
  • Ultraviolet irradiator is not particularly bounded by type.
  • Preferred examples of ultraviolet irradiator are low-pressure mercury lamps, medium-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, etc.
  • the support 3 may be a laminated support of various supports.
  • resin coating it is preferred to apply a resin solution or a resin suspension to the base paper, to spray it on the base paper, or otherwise to impregnate the base paper with a resin solution or a resin suspension.
  • activation treatment such as corona discharge treatment, flame treatment, glow discharge treatment, or plasma treatment to either one or both of opposite surfaces of the base paper for the purpose of improving adhesiveness of the resin coating layer or the laminated layer with the base paper.
  • the thermoplastic resin layer applied to the coated paper may be finished to a desired surface texture such as a glossy surface, a fine surface such as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 55-26507, a matted surface, or a silk surface.
  • the thermoplastic resin layer at a back surface that is opposite to a surface to which a conductive coating layer is applied if necessary may be finished to a non-glossy surface.
  • treatment for activation such as corona discharge treatment or flame cleaning may be applied to the finished surface of the thermoplastic resin layer.
  • under coating such as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-846443 may further be applied to the activated surface of the thermoplastic resin layer. These treatments can be applied individually or in combination of two or more.
  • the thermoplastic resin layer may contain various additives appropriately selected within the realm of meeting the purpose of the present invention.
  • the support 3 has a thickness desirably between 25 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, more desirably between 50 ⁇ m and 260 ⁇ m, and most desirably between 75 ⁇ m and 220 ⁇ m, and may have stiffness according to types of usage.
  • the support is preferred to be proximate to those for sliver color films.
  • the support 3 has a coefficient of thermal conductivity desirably higher than 0.50 kcal/m ⁇ h ⁇ °C and a mass density higher than 0.7 g/cm 3 , both in light of fixing performance.
  • the coefficient of thermal conductivity can be obtained by measuring a transfer paper moisture-conditioned in conformity with JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) P 8111 using the method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 53-66279.
  • the support 3 may contain various additives appropriately selected within the realm of meeting the purpose of the present invention.
  • additive include, but not limited to, a brightening agent, a conductive agent, a filler, a titanium oxide, a dried strength enhancement agent, a sizing agent, wet strength enhancement agent, a fixing agent, a pH regulator, and other conditioners.
  • Preferred examples of filler include, but not limited to, calcium carbonate, clay, kaoline, white earth, talc, titanium, ultramarine, pigment such as carbon black and the like, dye, etc.
  • the support may contain a hydrophilic binder, a semiconductive metallic oxide such as an alumina sol and a tin oxide, an antistatic agent such as carbon black, etc., and/or or may have a coating of them applied to wither one or both of the front and rear surfaces.
  • a hydrophilic binder such as an alumina sol and a tin oxide
  • an antistatic agent such as carbon black, etc.
  • employable is the support disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-220246.
  • the support 3 is desirable to be resistant to heat for fixation and to fulfill requirements for brightness, sliding ability, frictionizing ability, antielectrostatic ability, easiness of denting after fixation.
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 that is a receptor to color toner and/or black toner for forming an image, has functions of receiving toner particles from an intermediate transfer sheet or a developing drum by the aid of electricity or static electricity and pressure in a transfer printing process and fixing the toner image with heat and pressure in a fixing process.
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 contains a thermoplastic resin.
  • thermoplastic resin there is no particular limitation imposed on the thermoplastic resin inasmuch as long as it is deformable under a temperature condition for fixing the toner image.
  • various thermoplastic resin can be selected within the realm of meeting the purpose of the present invention, it is desirable to employ a resin similar to that used as a toner binder.
  • the thermoplastic resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 is desirably the same as that used often for the toner binder, i.e.
  • a polyester resin or a copolymer resin such as styrene or styrene-butyl acrylate, or otherwise may be desirable styrene, a copolymer of styrene-butyl acrylate, a copolymer of styrene-acrylic ester or a copolymer of styrene-methacrylic ester. It is preferred for the toner image receiving layer to contain the thermoplastic resin more than 20 weight %.
  • thermoplastic resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 include, but not limited to, (a) resins having an ester bond, (b) polyurethane resins, (c) polyamide resins, (d) polysulfone resins, (e) polyvinylchloride resins, (f) polyvinyl butyral, (g) polycaprolactone resins and (h) polyolefin resins.
  • (a) resin having an ester bond include, but not limited to, a polyester resin yielded in condensation of a dicarboxylic acid component (which may be substituted by a sulfonic acid group or a carboxyl group) such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, abietic acid, butanedioic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and an alcohol component (which may be substituted by a hydroxyl group) such as ethylele glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, bisphenol A, a dieter derivative of bisphenol A (which is, for example, ethylene oxide adduct or plopylene oxide adduct), bisphenol S, 2-ethyle cyclohexyl dimethanol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexyl dimethanol
  • polyester resin examples include, but not limited to, Vyron 103, 200, 280, 290, 300, GK-130 and GK-140 (which are manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.); Tafuton NE-382, U-5, ATR-2009 and ATR-2010 (which are manufactured by Kao Co., Ltd.); Elitel UE3500, UE3210 and XA-8153 (which are manufactured by Unitika Ltd.); Polyester TP-220 and R-188 (which are manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.); etc.
  • acryl resin examples include, but not limited to, Dianal SE-5437, SE-5102, SE-5377, SE-5649, SE-5466, SE-5482, HR-169, HR-124, HR-1127, HR-116, HR-113.
  • polyvinylchloride resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 include, but not limited to, polyvinylden chloride resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl propionate copolymer resin, etc.
  • polyvinyl butyral for the toner image receiving layer 2 include, but not limited to, polyol resin, ethyl cellulose resin, cellulose resin such as cellulose acetate resin, etc.
  • Commercially available polyvinyl butyral include, but not limited to, Denka Butyral 3000-1, 40002, 5000A and 6000C (which are manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K.); Esrex BL-1, BL-2, BL-3, BL-S, BX-L, BM-1, BM-2, BM-5, BM-S, BH-3, BX-1 and BX-7 (which are manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.); etc.
  • These polyvinyl butyral have a polyvinyl butyral content greater than 70 weight % and an average degree of polymerization desirably higher than 500 and more desirably higher than 1000.
  • polycaprolactone resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 include, but not limited to, styrene-maleic anhydride resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, polyether resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, etc.
  • polyolefin resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 include, but not limited to, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, a copolymer resin of olefin such as ethylene and propylene and vinyl monomer, acrylic resin, etc.
  • thermoplastic resins may be used individually or in any combination of two or more.
  • thermoplastic resin that fulfills solid state properties required for the toner image receiving layer 2 by itself, or otherwise it is allowed to combine two or more thermoplastic resins which meet different solid state properties required for the toner image receiving layer 2.
  • thermoplastic resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 it is preferred for the thermoplastic resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 to have a molecular weight greater than the thermoplastic resin used for toners.
  • that relationship of molecular weight between them is not always preferred.
  • the thermoplastic resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 has a melting temperature higher than the other, it is desirable for the resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 to have the same molecular weight as the other or a molecular weight greater than the other depending upon circumstances. It is also desirable to use a mixture of thermoplastic resins that are the same in composition as each other but different in average molecular weight from each other.
  • the molecular weight of thermoplastic resin for toners is preferably determined according to the relationship disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-334915.
  • the distribution of molecular weight is desirably wider for of the thermoplastic resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 than that for the toners.
  • Solid state properties that the thermoplastic resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 has to fulfill are those disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-127413 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 8-194394, 8-334915, 8-334916, 9-171265 and 10-221877.
  • thermoplastic resin for the toner image receiving layer 2 is of an aqueous type such as a water-soluble resin or a water-dispersible resin for the following reasons (i) and (ii):
  • the water-dispersible type is stable and excel at manufacturing process suitability.
  • wet coating makes wax easily bleed onto a surface during a coating and drying process, so as thereby to bring out the effect of release agent (offset resistance, adhesion resistance, etc.).
  • the aqueous resin is not always bounded by composition, bond-structure, molecular geometry, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, etc. as long as it is of the water-soluble type or the water-dispersible type.
  • hydrophilic or water-attracting group include, but not limited to, a sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, an amino group, an amid group, an ether group, etc.
  • water-soluble resin examples include, but not limited to, those disclosed in Research Disclosure No. 17,643, page 26, No. 18,716, page 651, No. 307,105, pages 873-874, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 64-13546.
  • preferred examples of water-soluble resin include, but not limited to, vinyl pyrrolidone acetate copolymer, styrene-vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer, styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, water-soluble polyester, water-soluble acryl, water-soluble polyurethane, water-soluble nylon, water-soluble epoxy resin, etc.
  • Gelatin is selected from a group of lime-treated gelatin, acid-treated gelatin, what is called delimed gelatin that has a reduced lime content. These gelatin may be used individually or in any combination.
  • Commercially available gelatin include, but not limited to, various types of Pluscoat (which are manufactured by Gao Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and gelatin of Fintex ES series (which are manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemical Inc.), both of which are of water-soluble polyester; gelatin of Jurimar AT series (which are manufactured by Nippon Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.); Fintex 6161 and K-96 (which are manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemical Inc.); and Hyros NL-1189 and Hyros BH-997L (which are manufactured by Seiko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.); all of which are of water-soluble acryl.
  • water-dispersible resin includes, but not limited to, water-dispersible resins such as water-dispersible acryl resin; water-dispersible polyester resin, water-dispersible polystyrene resin, water-dispersible urethane resin, etc; emulsions such as an acryl resin emulsion, a polyvinyl acetate emulsion, an SBR (styrene ⁇ butadiene ⁇ rubber) emulsion, etc; a water-dispersible or an emulsion of the thermoplastic resin listed above as preferably used for the toner image receiving layer 2 (i.e.
  • thermoplastic resin having an ester bond, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, polysulfone resin, polyvinylchloride resin, polyvinyl butyral, polycaprolactone resin and polyolefin resin). Otherwise, it is possible to use copolymers, mixtures or cation-modified resins of the thermoplastic resin listed above as preferably used for the toner image receiving layer 2 in combination of two or more.
  • Water-dispersible resin includes, but not limited to, resins of Vyronal series (which are manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), resins of Pesuresin A series (which are manufactured by Takamatsu Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.), resins of Tafuton UE series (which are manufactured by Kao Co., Ltd.), resins of Polyester WR series (which are manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and resins of Eliel series (which are manufactured by Unitika Ltd.), all of which are of polyester, and resins of Hyros XE, KE and PE series (which are manufactured by Seiko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and resins of Jurimar ET series (which are manufactured by Nippon Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.), all of which are of acrylic.
  • a melt flow temperature (MFT) of polymer film is desirably higher than an ambient temperature for storage before printing and higher than 100°C for fixing toner particles.
  • thermoplastic resin emulsion having the following characteristics (1) - (4) as the aforementioned thermoplastic resin.
  • a self-dispersed type emulsion does not contain a surface active agent and, in consequence, has a low hydroscopicity even in a higher humid atmosphere and a low depression of melting point due to moisture, it is possible to put restraints on an occurrence of an offset during the toner fixation process and/or an occurrence of adhesion failure between sheets during storage.
  • the emulsion excels at environmental suitability and workability.
  • the emulsion comprises a polyester resin that is easy to have a molecular structure having higher cohesive energy, while the emulsion keeps sufficient hardness in a storage environment, it gets a molten state where it shows lower elasticity or viscosity in the toner fixation process of electrophotography, so as thereby to provide a sufficiently high quality of image resulting from that toner particles are buried into the image receiving layer.
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 is blended with a release agent for the purpose of preventing the toner image receiving layer 2 from causing an offset.
  • the release agent is not bound by type as long as it melts at the same temperature as the fixing temperature and separates out unevenly onto a surface of the toner image receiving layer 2 and solidify, thereby to form a release agent layer on the toner image receiving layer 2.
  • Examples of such a release agent having the above mentioned effects include, but limited to, silicon compounds, fluorine compounds, wax and a matt agent. It is preferred to use at least one or more selected from the group of silicone oil, polyethylene wax, carnauba wax, silicone particles and polyethylene particles.
  • release agent examples include compounds are disclosed in "Revised Edition: Property and Application of Wax” published by Koushobou and "Handbook Of Silicon” published by Nikkan Kogyo Shinbun and silicone compounds, fluorine compounds, wax (except natural wax) used for toners disclose in Japanese Patent Nos. 2838498 and 2949558; Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 59-38581 and 4-32380; Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos.
  • silicone compound examples include, but not limited to, non-modified silicone oil such as dimethyl siloxyane oil, methyl hydrogen silicone oil, phenylmetyl silicone oil (preferred examples of commercially available non-modified silicone oils include KF-96, KF-96L, KF-96H, KF-99, KF-50, KF-54, KF-56, KF-965, KF-968, KF-994, KF-995, HIVAC, F-4, F-5 which are manufactured by Shinetsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd; SH200, SH203, SH490, SH510, SH550, SH710, SH704, SH705, SH7028A, SH7036, SM7060, SM7001, SM7706, SM7036, SH871107, SH8627 which are manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co., Ltd., TSF400, TSF401, TSF404, TSF405, TSF431, TSF433, TSF434, TSF437, TSF450, T
  • fluorine compounds include, but not limited to, fluorine oil (commercially available fluorine oil include, but not limited to, Dyfloyl #1, #3, #10, #0, #50, #100, Unidyn TG-440, TG-440, TG-452, TG-490, TG-560, TG-561, TG-590, TG-652, TG-670U, TG-991, TG-999, TG-3010, TG-3020 and TG-3510 which are manufactured by Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd., MF-100, MF-110, MF-120, MF-130, MF-160 and MF-160E which are manufactured by Tokem Products Co., Ltd., Surflon S-111, S-112, S-113, S-121, S-131, S-132, S-141 and S-145 which are manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., and FC-430 and FC431 which are manufactured by Mitsui
  • fluorosulfonate compounds (commercially available examples of fluorosulfonate compound include, but not limited to, EF-101, EF-102, EF-103, EF-104, EF-105, EF-112, EF-121, EF122A, EF122B, EF-122C, EF-123A, EF-123B, EF-125M, EF-132, EF-135M, EF-305, FBSA, KFBS and LFBS which are manufactured by Tokem Products Co., Ltd.);
  • anhydrous fluoric acid dilute fluoric acid, fluorobolic acid, zinc fluorobolite, nickel fluorobolate, tin fluorobolite, lead fluorobolite, cupric fluorobolate, hydrofluosilicic asid, potassium titanate fluoride, perfluoro caprylic acid, perfluoro ammonium octanate, etc.); and inorganic fluoride (e.g.
  • aluminium floride potassium silicofluoride, potassium zirconate fluoride, zinc fluoride tetrahydrate, potassium fluoride, lithium fluoride, barium fluoride, tin fluoride, potassium fluoride, acidic potassium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, titanic fluorid, ammonium phosphate hexafluoride, potassium phosphate hexafluoride, etc.).
  • wax includes, but not limited to, paraffin, synthetic hydrocarbons, modified wax, hydrowax, natural wax, etc.
  • paraffin wax examples include, but not limited to, Paraffin Wax 155, 150, 140, 135, 130, 125, 120, 115, NHP-3, NHP-5, NHP-9, NHP-10, NHP-11, NHP-12, NHP-15G, SP-0160, SP-0145, SP-1040, SP-1035, SP-3040, SP-3035, NPS-8070, NPS-L-70, OX-2151, OX2251, EMUSTAR-0384 and EMUSTAR-0136 which are manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.; Serozole 686, 651-A, A, H-803, B-460, E-172, 866, K-133, Hidrin D-337 and E-139 which are manufactured by Chukyo Oils & Fats Co., Ltd.; and 125° Paraffin, 125° FP, 130° Paraffin, 135° Paraffin, 135° H, 140° Paraffin, 140° N, 145° Paraffin and Paraffin Wax M which are manufactured by
  • Preferred examples of commercially available synthetic hydrocarbon include, but not limited to, polyethylene wax such as Polyron A, 393 and H-481 which are manufactured by Chukyo Oils & Fats Co., and Sunwax E-310, E-330, E-250P, LEL-250, LEL-800 and LEL-400P which are manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; polypropylene wax such as Viscol 330-P, 550-P and 660-P which are manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; Fischer-Tropsch wax such as FT-100 and FT0070 which are manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.; and acid amide compounds or acid imide compounds such as amido stearate, imide phthalic anhydrate, etc. (e.g. Serozole 920, B-495, Himicron G-270, G-110 and Hidrin 757 which are manufactured by Chukyo Oils & Fats Co.).
  • polyethylene wax such as Polyron A,
  • modified wax include, but not limited to, amine-modified polypropylene such as QN-7700 manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., acrylic acid-modified wax; fluorine-modified wax; olefin-modified wax; urethane-modified wax such as NPS-6010 and HAD-5090 which are manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.; and alcohol wax such as NPS-9210, NPS-9215, OX-1949 and XO-020T which are manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.
  • hydrowax examples include, but not limited to, ricinus or castor oil such as Castor Wax manufactured by Ito Oil Manufacturing Co., Ltd.; derivatives of castor oil such as dehydrated castor oil DCO, DCO Z-1, DCO-Z2, castor oil fatty acid CO-FA, ricinoleic acid, dehydrated castor oil fatty acid DCO-FA, dehydrated castor oil fatty acid epoxyester D-4 ester, castor oil urethane acrylate CA-10, CA-20, CA-30, derivatives of castor oil MINERASOL S-74, S-80, S-203, S-42X, RC-17, RC-55, RC-335, special castor oil condensed fatty acid MINERASOL RC-2, RC-17, RC-55, RC-335, special castor oil condensed fatty acid ester MINERASOL LB-601, LB-603, LB-604, LB-7-2, LB-7-3, #11 and L164 which are manufactured
  • natural wax examples include, but not limited to, vegetable wax, animal wax and mineral wax. Desirable one of these natural wax is of vegetable origin. In light of compatibility in the case where an aqueous thermoplastic resin is used for the toner image receiving layer 2, it is more desirable to employ water-dispersible natural wax.
  • vegetable wax examples include, but not limited to, carnauba wax such as EMUSTAR-0413 manufactured by Ito Oil Manufacturing Co., Ltd. and Serozole 524 manufactured by Chukyo Oils & Fats Co., Ltd., castor oils such as manufactured by Ito Oil Manufacturing Co., colza oils; soybean oils, sumac wax, cotton wax, rice wax, sugarcane wax, canderyla wax, Japan wax and jojoba oils, Animal wax such as bees wax, lanolin, spermaceti, blubber oil and wool wax are also employable.
  • carnauba wax such as EMUSTAR-0413 manufactured by Ito Oil Manufacturing Co., Ltd. and Serozole 524 manufactured by Chukyo Oils & Fats Co., Ltd.
  • castor oils such as manufactured by Ito Oil Manufacturing Co., colza oils
  • soybean oils sumac wax, cotton wax, rice wax, sugarcane wax, canderyla wax, Japan wax and jojoba oils
  • Animal wax such as bees wax, lanolin,
  • the carnauba wax that has a melting temperature range of from 70 to 95°C, is especially preferred to be selected among them in terms of preeminence in offset resistance, adhesion resistance, pass-though capability, feeling of glossiness, toughness against cracks as well as from the viewpoint that the electrophotographic image receiving sheet capable of forming a high quality image.
  • mineral wax examples include, but not limited to, natural wax such as montan wax, montan ester wax, ozokerite, ceresin wax, etc.; fatty acid ester such as Sensosizer DOA, AN-800, DINA, DIDA, DOZ, DOS, TOTM, TITM, E-PS, nE-PS, E-PO, E-4030, E-6000, E-2000H, E-9000H, TCP and C-1100 which are commercially available manufactured by Chukyo Oils & Fats Co., Ltd.; synthetic hydrocarbons including polyethylene wax such as Polyron A, 393 and H-481 which are manufactured by Chukyo Oils & Fats Co., Ltd., and Sunwax E-310, E-330, E-250P, LEL-250, LEL-800 and LEL-400P which are manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; and polypropylene wax such as Viscol 330-P, 550-P and 660-P which are manufactured by
  • the montan wax that has a melting temperature ranging from 70 to 95°C, is especially preferred to be selected among them in terms of preeminence in offset resistance, adhesion resistance, pass-though capability, feeling of glossiness, toughness against cracks as well as from the viewpoint that the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 is capable of forming a high quality image.
  • the natural wax content of the toner image receiving layer 2 is preferred to range desirably from 0.1 to 4 g/m 2 and more desirably from 0.2 to 2 g/m 2 . If the natural wax content is less than 0.1 g/m 2 , significant deterioration of, in particular, offset resistance and adhesion resistance will occur. On the other hand, if the natural wax content exceeds 4 g/m 2 , the amount of wax is too much to provide the image receiving sheet with a high image quality.
  • the individual natural wax is preferred to have a melting temperature desirably between 70 and 95°C and more desirably between 75 and 90°C.
  • matt agent examples include, but not limited to, inorganic and organic matt agents in the form of solid particle.
  • the inorganic matt agents include oxides such as silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, etc.; alkaline earth metallic salts such as barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, etc.; and silver halide such as silver chloride, silver bromide, etc.
  • oxides such as silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, etc.
  • alkaline earth metallic salts such as barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, etc.
  • silver halide such as silver chloride, silver bromide, etc.
  • there are a number of available organic matt agents such as described in West Germany Patent No. 2529321, British Patent Nos. 760775 and 1260772, and U.S. Patent Nos.
  • Preferred examples of material for the matt agent include, but not limited to, starch, cellulose ester (e.g. cellulose acetate propionate), cellulose ether (e.g. ethyl cellulose), and synthetic resins.
  • the synthetic resin is preferred to be of water-insoluble or of water-insoluble.
  • Such the synthetic resins include, but not limited to, polyacrylic or methacrylic ester (e.g. polyalkyl acrylate, polyalkyl methacrylate, polyalkoxyalkyl or methalkoxyalkyl acrylate, polyglycidyl or methaglycidyl acrylate), polyacrylamide, methacrylamide, polyvinyl ester (e.g.
  • polyvinyl acetate polyacrylonitrile
  • polyolefin e.g. polyethylene
  • polystyrene polystyrene
  • benzoguanamine resin formaldehyde condensed polymer
  • epoxy resin polyamide
  • polycarbonate polycarbonate
  • phenol resin polyvinyl carbazole
  • polyvinyliden chloride Polymers comprising monomers used for the above mentioned polymers can be utilized.
  • the polymer may contain a hydrophilic monomer unit in small quantity.
  • the copolymer may be one of a random polymer, a block polymer and a graft polymer each of which contains a hydrophilic monomer.
  • monomer forming a hydrophilic repeating unit include, but not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ⁇ -, ( ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid, hydroxy alkyl acrylate, hydroxy alkyl methacrylate, sulfoalkyl acrylate, sulfoalkyl methacrylate, and styrene sulfonate.
  • organic matt agent such as described in British Patent No. 1055713, U.S. Patent Nos. 1939213, 2221873, 2268662, 2322037, 2376005, 2391181, 2701245, 2992101, 3079257, 3262782, 3443946, 3516832, 3539344, 3591397, 3754924 and 3767448, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 49-106821 and 57-14835.
  • These solid particles may be used individually or in any combination of two or more.
  • the average particle size is preferred to be in a range of desirably from 1 to 100 ⁇ m and more desirably from 4 to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the amount of used solid particles is properly in a range of from 0.01 to 0.5 g/cm 2 , and more properly in a range of from 0.02 to 0.3 g/cm 2 .
  • the release agent that added to the toner image receiving layer may be derivatives, compounds, refined products or mixtures of the above mentioned materials.
  • the release agent is preferred to be of water-soluble in light of compatibility in the case where an aqueous thermoplastic resin is used for the toner image receiving layer 2.
  • component materials may be added into the toner image receiving layer 2 for the purpose of improving thermodynamic properties of the toner image receiving layer 2.
  • additional component material include, but not limited to, a coloring agent, a plasticizing agent, a filler, a crosslinking agent, an antistatic control agent, an emulsifying agent, a dispersing agent, etc.
  • the component material is preferred to be of hollow particle in light of predominant thermal conductivity (low thermal conductivity) of the toner image receiving layer 2 during toner image fixation.
  • Coloring agents include fluorescent brightening agents, white pigment, colored pigment, dye, etc.
  • the fluorescent brightening agent is a compound having absorptive power in the near-ultraviolet range and a fluorescent range of from 400 to 500 nm.
  • the conventional fluorescent coloring agents can be used without being particularly bounded by type.
  • Preferred examples of fluorescent brightening agent include, but not limited to, compounds disclosed in "The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes" edited by K. VeenRatarman, Vol. 8, Chapter 8. Specifically, the compounds include stilbene compounds, coumarin compounds, biphenyl compounds, benzooxazoline compounds, naphthalimide compounds, pylazorine compounds, carbostyryl compounds, etc.
  • Preferred examples of commercially available fluorescent brightening agent include, but not limited to, White Fulfa PSN, PHR, HCS, PCS and B which are manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., and UVITEX-OB manufactured by Chiba-Geigy Ltd.
  • White pigment include, but not limited to, titanium oxides, calcium carbonate, etc., and other inorganic pigment which will be described in connection with fillers later.
  • colored pigment examples include, but not limited to, various pigments and azoic pigment disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-44653 such as azolake pigment (e.g. carmine 6B, red 2B), insoluble azo pigment (e.g. monoazo yellow, disazo yellow, pyrazolo orange and Balkan (Vulcan) orange), condensed azo pigment (e.g. chromophthal yellow and chromophthal red); polycyclic pigment (e.g. copper phthalocyanine blue and copper phthalocyanine green,), dioxazine polycyclic pigment (e.g. dioxazine violet), indolynone polycyclic pigment (e.g.
  • azolake pigment e.g. carmine 6B, red 2B
  • insoluble azo pigment e.g. monoazo yellow, disazo yellow, pyrazolo orange and Balkan (Vulcan) orange
  • condensed azo pigment e.g. chromophthal
  • indolynone yellow slen polycyclic pigment (perylene, perynon, flavantron, thioindigo); lake pigment (e.g. malachite green, rhodamine B, rhodamine G and Victoria blue B); and inorganic pigment such as oxides, titanium dioxide, colcothar, sulfate (e.g. precipitable barium sulfate), carbonate (precipitable calcium carbonate), silicate (e.g. hydrated silicate and anhydrous silicate), metal powder (e.g. aluminum powder, bronze powder, blue powder), carbon black, chrome yellow, iron blue, etc.
  • slen polycyclic pigment perylene, perynon, flavantron, thioindigo
  • lake pigment e.g. malachite green, rhodamine B, rhodamine G and Victoria blue B
  • inorganic pigment such as oxides, titanium dioxide, colcothar, sulfate (e.g. precipitable bar
  • These white pigments may be used individually or in any combination of two or more.
  • the titanium oxide is the most preferable pigment among them.
  • the pigment is not particularly bound by shape and is, however, desirable to comprise hollow particles in light of predominant thermal conductivity (low thermal conductivity) during toner image fixation.
  • Various dyes that are used as the coloring agent include oil-soluble dyes such as anthraquinone compounds and azo copounds.
  • dyes include, but not limited to, vat dyes such as C.I.Vat violet 1, C.I.Vat violet 2, C.I.Vat violet 9, C.I.Vat violet 13, C.I.Vat violet 21, C.I.Vat blue 1, C.I.Vat blue 3, C.I.Vat blue 4, C.LVat blue 6, C.I.Vat blue 14, C.I.Vat blue 20, C.I.Vat blue 35, disperse dyes such as C.I. Disperse violet 1, C.I. Disperse violet 4, C.I. Disperse violet 10, C.I. Disperse blue 3, C.I. Disperse blue 7, C.I. Disperse blue 58, and oil-soluble dye such as C.I.
  • vat dyes such as C.I.Vat violet 1, C.I.Vat violet 2, C.I.Vat violet 9, C.I.Vat violet 13, C.I.Vat violet 21, C.I.Vat blue 1, C.I.Vat blue 3, C.I.Vat
  • Solvent violet 13 C.I. Solvent violet 14, C.I. Solvent violet 21, C.I. Solvent violet 27, C.I. Solvent blue 11, C.I. Solvent blue 12, C.I. Solvent blue 25, C.I. Solvent blue 55.
  • Colored coupler used for silver photography can be preferably used.
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 prefferably has a coloring agent in a range of desirably from 0.1 to 8 g/cm 2 , and more desirably from 0.5 to 5 g/cm 2 . If the coloring agent content is less than the lower limit of 0.1 g/cm 2 , the toner image receiving layer 2 has an increased light transmittance. On the other hand, if the coloring agent content is beyond the upper limit of 8 g/cm 2 , the toner image receiving layer 2 is apt to become poor in tractability or looses adhesion resistance and/or toughness against cracks.
  • the plasticizing agent has the function of controlling drift or softening or melting of the toner image layer 2 due to heat and/or pressure applied in the toner fixation process.
  • the plasticizing agent can be selected consulting "Handbook Of Chemistry” by Chemical Society of Japan published by Maruzen, "Plasticizer-Theory and Applications-” by Kouichi Murai published by Koushobou), "Study On Plasticizer Vol. 1” and “Study On Plasticizer Vol. 2” both by Polymer Chemistry Association, "Handbook Rubber Plastics Compounding Chemicals” by Rubber Digest Ltd., etc.
  • plasticizing agents are, on one hand, cited as high boiling point organic solvent or heat solvent and, on the other, exemplified in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 59-83154, 59-178451, 59-178453, 59-178454, 59-178455, 59-178457, 62-174745, 62-245253, 61-09444, 61-2000538, 62-8145, 62-9348, 62-30247, 62-136646, and 2-235694.
  • plasticizer agent examples include ester such as phthalate ester, phosphate ester, fatty ester, abietate, adipate, sebacate, azelate, benzoate, butyrate, epoxidized fatty ester, glycolate, propionate, trimellitate, citrate, sulfonate, calboxylate, succinate, maleate, phthalate, stearate; amide such as fatty amide, sulfoamide; ether; alcohol; lactone; and polyethyleneoxy.
  • ester such as phthalate ester, phosphate ester, fatty ester, abietate, adipate, sebacate, azelate, benzoate, butyrate, epoxidized fatty ester, glycolate, propionate, trimellitate, citrate, sulfonate, calboxylate, succinate, maleate, phthalate, stearate; amide such as fatty amide, sulfoamide; ether
  • the polymer is preferred to have a molecular weight desirably less than a binder resin that is to be plasticized. Specifically, the molecular weight of the plasticizing agent is desirably less than 1000 and more desirably less than 5000. In the case of using a polymer for the plasticizing agent, the polymer is preferred to be the same in type as a binder resin that is to be plasticized. For example, when plasticizing polyester resin, it is preferred to use a polyester having a low molecular weight. Also, oligomer can be used for the plasticizing agent.
  • Preferred examples of commercially available plastiizing agent other than the aforementioned compounds include, but not limited to, Adecasizer PN-170 and PN-1430 which are manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K., PARAPLEX-G-25, G-30 and G-40 which are manufactured by HALL Corporation, Estergum 8L-JA, Ester R-95, Pentaryn 4851, FK115, FK4820, FK830, Ruizol 28-JA, Picorastic A75, Picotex LC and Crystalex 3085 which are manufactured by Rika Hercules Co., Ltd.
  • the plasticizing agent may be present in the toner image receiving layer 2 in a microscopically dispersed state, a phase separated domain in micrometer size (like sea-island morphology) or a state where the plasticizing agent has mixed with and dissolved in other components such as a binder sufficiently.
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 is preferred to have a plasticizing agent content in a range of desirably from 0.001 to 90 weight %, more desirably from 0.1 to 60 weight %, and most desirably from 1 to 40 weight %.
  • the plasticizing agent may be utilized for the purpose of optimizing competence to slip (improved sliding mobility due to a reduction of frictional force), offset of a fixing area (separation of a toner layer to the fixing area), curling balance and static antistatic (build-up of electrostatic toner image) of the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1.
  • Organic fillers and inorganic fillers or pigment such as those known as stiffeners, fillers and reinforcing agents for binder resins can be used.
  • the filler can be selected consulting "Handbook Rubber Plastics Compounding Chemicals” by Rubber Digest Ltd., etc., "New Edition Plastic Compounding Agent Basics And Applications” by Taiseisha, "Filler Handbook” by Taiseisha, etc.
  • Available inorganic pigment include, but not limited to, silica, alumina, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zirconia, iron oxide like mica, zinc white, lead oxide, cobalt oxide, strontium chromate, molybdenum pigment, smectite, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, mullite.
  • Silica or alumina is particularly preferable as the filler. These pigment may be used individually or in combination of two or more.
  • the filler desirably comprises fine particles. If the size of particle is large, the toner image receiving layer 2 is apt to have a roughed surface.
  • silica there are two available types of silica, i.e. globular silica and amorphous silica. These silica can be synthesized in either a wet process or a dry process, or otherwise an aerogel process. Hydrophobic silica particles may be treated with a trimethylsilyl group or silicon. In this case, colloidal particles of silica is favorably used.
  • the silica is preferred to have an average particle size in a range of from 200 to 5000 nm.
  • the silica particle is also preferred to be porous.
  • the porous silica particle is preferred to have an average particle size in a range of desirably from 4 to 120 nm, and more desirably from 4 to 90nm and an average pour volume per unit mass in a range of from 0.5 to 3 ml/g.
  • the anhydrous alumina may be of a crystal form of ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ or ⁇ .
  • the anhydrous alumina is desirably used rather than the alumina hydrate.
  • Monohydrate includes pseudoboemite, boemite and diaspore.
  • Trihydrate includes gibbsite and bayerite.
  • the alumina particle is preferred to have an average particle size in a range of desirably from 4 to 300 nm, and more desirably from 4 to 200 nm.
  • the alumina particle is also preferred to be porous.
  • the porous alumina particle is preferred to have an average particle size in a range of desirably from 50 to 500 nm and an average pour volume per unit mass in a range of desirably from 0.3 to 3 ml/g.
  • the alumina hydrate can be synthesized in either a sol-gel process in which alumina is precipitated by adding ammonia in a solution of alminium or a process of hydrolyzing an aluminate alkali.
  • the anhydrous alumina can be derived by heating alumina hydrate for dehydration.
  • the filler content is in a range of desirably from 5 to 2000 weight % with respect to a dry mass of a binder of a layer to which the filler is added.
  • the crosslinking agent is blended for providing the toner image receiving layer 2 with storage stability and controlling thermoplasticity of the toner image receiving layer 2.
  • Compounds used for this type of crosslinking agent are those that have more than two reactive groups, such as an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an aldehydo group, an active halogen group, an active methylene group, acetylene group and others well known to those skilled in the art, in a molecule. Otherwise, it is effective to use compounds that have more than two groups capable of forming a bond through ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, coordinate bonding, etc.
  • Crosslinking agents include, but not limited to, compositions well known as a coupling agent, a hardening agent, a polymerization initiator, a polymerization promoter, a coagulating agent, a film forming agent, a film forming auxiliary agent, etc. for resins.
  • Preferred examples of coupling agent include, but not limited to, chlorosilane, vinylsilane, epoxysilane, aminosilane, alkoxy aluminum chelate, titanate coupling agent, and those disclosed in "Handbook Rubber Plastics Compounding Chemicals" by Rubber Digest Ltd.
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 is preferred to contain an antistatic control agent for controlling transfer and adhesion of toner and preventing the toner image receiving layer 2 from antistatic and adhesion.
  • antistatic control agent examples include, but not limited to, surface active agents such as a cation surface active agent, an anion surface active agent, an amphoteric surface active agent or a nonionic surface active agent, polyelectrlyte and conducting metal oxides.
  • antistatic control agent examples include, but not limited to, cation antistatic agents such as quaternary anmonium salts, polyamine derivatives, cation-modified polymethyl methacrylate or cation-modified polystyrene, anion antistatic agents such as alkylphosphate or anion polymers, and nonionic antistatic agents such as fatty ester or polyethylene oxides.
  • cation antistatic agents such as quaternary anmonium salts, polyamine derivatives, cation-modified polymethyl methacrylate or cation-modified polystyrene
  • anion antistatic agents such as alkylphosphate or anion polymers
  • nonionic antistatic agents such as fatty ester or polyethylene oxides.
  • the cation antistatic agent or the nonion antistatic agent is preferred for the antistatic control agent which the toner image receiving layer 2 is blended with.
  • conducting metal oxide examples include, but not limited to, ZnO, TiO 2 , SnO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , In 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , MgO, BaO, MoO 3 , etc. These conducting metal oxides may be used individually or in the form of complex oxide.
  • the metal oxide may be further doped with a hetero element.
  • ZnO can be doped with Al or In
  • TiO 2 can be doped with Nb or Ta
  • SnO 2 can be doped with Sb, Nb or halogens.
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 may contain various other additives on order to have improved image forming stability and stability of its own optical and physical characteristics.
  • Additives for achieving the purpose include an anti-oxidizing agent, an anti-aging agent, an anti-deterioration agent, an antiozonant, an ultraviolet absorbing agent, a metal complex, a photostabilizer, an antiseptic agent, a mildewproofing agent, etc.
  • anti-oxidizing agent examples include, but not limited to, chroman compositions, coumarone compounds, phenol compounds (e.g. hindered phenol), hydroquinone derivatives, hindered amine derivatives, spiroindan compounds, and, in addition, those disclose in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-159644.
  • the anti-aging agent can be selected consulting "Handbook Rubber Plastics Compounding Chemicals - 2 nd Edition” (published 1993 by Rubber Digest Ltd.), pages 76 through 121.
  • Preferred examples of ultraviolet absorbing agent include, but not limited to, benzotriazole disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,533,794, 4-thiazolidone compounds disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 46-2784 and ultraviolet absorbing polymers disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 62-260152.
  • Preferred examples of metal complex include, but not limited to, those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,241,155, 4,245,018 and 4,254,195, Japanese Unexamined Paten Publication Nos. 61-88256, 62-174741, 63-199248, 1-75568 and 1-74272.
  • the metal complex can be selected from ultraviolet absorbing agents and photostabilizers disclosed in "Handbook Rubber Plastics Compounding Chemicals- 2 nd Edition", pages 76 through 121 (published 1993 by Rubber Digest Ltd.).
  • Materials that can be used for the toner image receiving layer 2 are additives well known in the conventional photographic art. For example, various additives are disclosed in Research Disclosure Magazine (RD) Nos. 17643 (December 1987), 18716 (November 1979) and 307105 (November 1989).
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 is formed by applying a coating liquid containing a polymer over the support 3 by the use of a wire coater and drying it.
  • the coating liquid is prepared by dissolving or uniformly dispersing additives, e.g. a thermoplastic polymer and a plasticizing agent, in an organic solvent such as alcohol or ketone.
  • organic solvent include, but not limited to, methanol, isopropyl alcohol and methyl ethyl ketone.
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 can be formed by applying a aqueous solution of the polymer over the support 3.
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 can be formed by applying a water-dispersed solution of the polymer over the support 3.
  • the polymer layer is preferably formed at a coating temperature higher than an ambient temperature for storage before printing and lower than 100°C for toner fixation.
  • the toner image receiving layer 2 is applied so as to have a dry weight in a range of desirably from 1 to 20 g/m 2 and more desirably from 4 to 15 g/m 2 and a thickness in a range of desirably from 1 to 30 ⁇ m, and more desirably from 2 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the following description will be directed to solid state properties of the electrophotogaphic image receiving sheet 1. As known, it can be assessed by measuring surface free energy or contact angles of a surface of the toner image receiving layer 2 before and after heating and cooling whether a release agent dispersed in the toner image receiving layer 2 transfers onto the surface due to melting by heat and forms a layer or film of the release agent on the surface.
  • the release agent can transfer onto the surface of the toner image receiving layer according to the difference.
  • This fact demonstrates that a layer of the release agent is formed on the surface. This is because what can play a role in adhering two materials and separating one from the other is surface free energy of the materials, in particular their polar component. In general, it can be said that the smaller the surface free energy of a material becomes, the less adhered the material is.
  • ⁇ sp 0 [mJ/m 2 ] and ⁇ sp 1 [mJ/m 2 ] be the value of a polar component of surface free energy of the toner image receiving layer before heating the photoelectric image receiving sheet and the value of a polar component of surface free energy of the toner image receiving layer after having heated the photoelectric image receiving sheet to 120°C and then cooled it to 25°C, respectively, the following condition is satisfied: ⁇ sp 0 - ⁇ sp 1 ⁇ 2.5 [mJ/m 2 ]
  • the difference in surface free energy is appropriate to be equal to or greater than 3 [mJ/m 2 ].
  • the value of a polar component of surface free energy ( ⁇ sp) can be obtained on the basis of contact angles ( ⁇ i and ⁇ j ) of the surface of the toner image receiving layer and a fixing belt with respect to liquids i and j using the following Fowks' formula: wherein ⁇ li and ⁇ lj represent tension inherent in the liquids i and j, respectively; ⁇ d li and ⁇ d lj represent components of dispersion force of the surface tension inherent in the liquids i and j, respectively; ⁇ p li and ⁇ p lj represent polar components of the surface tension inherent in the liquids i and j, respectively; ⁇ i and ⁇ j represent contact angles of the liquids i and j, respectively.
  • the release agent can transfer onto the surface of the toner image receiving layer according to the difference.
  • ⁇ 0 [°] and ⁇ 1 [°] be the contact angle of water with respect to the surface of the toner image receiving layer before heating the photoelectric image receiving sheet and having heated the photoelectric image receiving sheet to 120°C and then cooled it to 25°C, respectively, the following expression is satisfied: ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 0 ⁇ 5[°] The difference in contact angle is appropriate to be equal to or greater than 8[°].
  • the contact angle of water can be estimated by a sessile drop method, e.g. by the use of a contact angle gauge manufactured by Kyowa interface Science Co., Ltd.
  • the toner image receiving layer is preferred to be high in the degree of whiteness. Specifically, the toner image receiving layer is preferred to have a degree of whiteness estimated by the measuring method meeting JIS 8123 higher than 85%. The toner image receiving layer is also preferred to have spectral reflectance higher than 85% and a difference between the highest and the lowest spectral reflectance less than 5% desirably in a wavelength range of from 440 to 640 nm and spectral reflectance higher than 85% and more desirably in a wavelength range of from 400 to 700 nm.
  • the toner image receiving layer is preferred to have an L* value desirably greater than 80, more desirably greater than 85 and most desirably greater than 90.
  • color is desirable to be as neutral as possible and, in other words, has a value ((a*) 2 + (b*) 2 ) expressed in CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space desirably less than 50, more desirably less than 18 and most desirably less than 5.
  • the toner image receiving layer is preferred to have a higher degree of glossiness.
  • the degree of 45° glossiness is preferably greater than 60, more desirably greater than 75, and most desirably greater than 90.
  • the highest degree of 45° glossiness is desirably less than 110 in a range of from a white state where toner is absent to a black state having the highest density of toner. If the degree of degree of 45° glossiness is beyond 90, the toner image receiving layer forms an image with a gloss like metallic luster which is undesirable.
  • the degree of glossiness can be estimated by the measuring method meeting JIS Z8741.
  • the toner image receiving layer is preferred to have a higher degree of smoothness.
  • the degree of smoothness expressed by arithmetic averages roughness (Ra) is desirably less than 3 ⁇ m, more desirably less than 1 ⁇ m, and most desirably less than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the arithmetic averages roughness (Ra) can be estimated by the measuring method meeting JIS B0601, B0651 and B0652.
  • the toner image receiving layer is preferred to have at least one of the following solid state properties (1) to 8):
  • the toner image receiving layer that satisfies the solid state properties disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,788,358 and Japanese Unexamined Patent publication Nos. 7-248637, 8-305067 and 10-239889 is preferred.
  • the aforementioned solid state property (1) can be estimated using a measuring device well known as a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in the art.
  • the aforementioned solid state properties (2) and (3) can be estimated using a measuring device such as Flow Tester CFT-500 or CFT-500D manufactured by Shimazu Corporation.
  • the aforementioned solid state properties (5) to (7) can be estimated using a rotational rheometer such as Dynamic Analyzer RADII manufactured by Scientific Co., Ltd.
  • the aforementioned solid state property (8) can be estimated by a method disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent publication No. 8-334916, using a contact angle measuring device such as manufactured by Kyowa Surface Chemistry Co., Ltd.
  • the toner image receiving layer has a surface electrical resistivity in a range of desirably from 1 x 10 6 to 1 x 10 15 ⁇ /cm 2 under conditions of a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 65%. If the lower limit electrical resistivity of 1 x 10 6 ⁇ /cm 2 is exceeded, this indicates that the amount of toner transferred to the toner image receiving layer is insufficient, then a toner image is apt to diminish in density. On the other hand, if the upper limit electrical resistivity of 1 x 10 15 ⁇ /cm 2 is exceeded, electrical charges are generated more than necessary during transferring toner.
  • the toner image receiving layer at one side opposite to the support is preferred to have a surface electrical resistivity in a range of desirably from 5 x 10 8 to 3.2 x 10 10 ⁇ /cm 2 , and more desirably from 1 x 10 9 to 1 x 10 10 ⁇ /cm 2 .
  • the surface electrical resistivity can be estimated in conformity with JIS K 6911 using a measuring device such as R8340 manufactured by Advantest Co., Ltd. Specifically, the electrical resistivity is measured one minute after one-minute impression of a voltage of 100V on a sample image receiving layer under a specified environment condition, that is 20°C and 65% humidity, after leaving it under the same environmental condition for more than 8 hours.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 may be provided with other layers.
  • layer include a surface protective layer, a backing layer, a contact improvement layer, an intermediate layer, an under coating layer, a cushioning layer, an antistatic control or antistatic layer, a reflection layer, a color control layer, a storage stability improvement layer, an antiadhesion layer, an anticurling layer and a smoothing layer.
  • These layers may be provided individually or in any combination of two or more.
  • the surface protective layer is formed over the surface of the toner image receiving layer 2 for the purpose of protecting the surface of the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1, improving storage stability, easiness of handling and pass-through capability of the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1, and providing the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 with writability and antioffset resistance.
  • the surface protective layer may be formed double or more. Although various types of thermoplastic resin binder or thermosetting resin binder can be used for the surface protective layer, it is preferred to use the same thermoplastic resin binder or thermosetting resin binder as used for the toner image receiving layer.
  • the binder of the surface protective layer is not always the same in thermo dynamic and electrostatic characteristics as that of the toner image receiving layer and can be optimized so as to meet the surface protective layer.
  • the surface protective layer may be blended with additives, e.g. a matt agent well known in the art, usable for the toner image receiving layer as well as the release agent described above.
  • additives e.g. a matt agent well known in the art, usable for the toner image receiving layer as well as the release agent described above.
  • the outermost layer of the photoelectric image receiving sheet 1 (the surface protective payer when formed) is preferred to have higher compatibility with toner in light of fixing performance.
  • the surface protective layer is preferred to have a contact angle with molten toner in a range of desirably from 0 to 40°.
  • the backing layer is preferably formed on a surface of the support 3 of the photoelectric image receiving sheet 1 opposite to the toner image receiving layer 2 for the purpose of providing back side printing suitability, and improving back side printing quality, curling balance and pass-through capability of the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1.
  • the backing layer is not always bound by color, it is preferred white as well as the toner image receiving layer 2 in the case where the photoelectric image receiving sheet 1 is of two-sided.
  • the backing layer is preferred to have a degree of whiteness and a spectral reflectance both higher than 85% like the toner image receiving layer 2.
  • the backing layer may consist of a single layer or multiple layers and may be the same in structure as the toner image receiving layer 2. Further, the backing layer may be blended with additives, e.g. a matt agent and an antistatic control agent. In the case of using release oil for the fixing rollers, the backing layer is preferred to be of an oil absorbing type.
  • the electrophotogreaphic image receiving sheet 1 is preferably provided with a contact improvement layer for the purpose of improving contact between the toner image receiving layer 2 and the support 3.
  • the contact improvement layer may be blended with various additives including, in particular, a crosslinking agent, previously described.
  • the electrophotogreaphic image receiving sheet 1 is preferably provided with a cushioning layer for improving toner receptivity between the contact improvement layer and the toner image receiving layer 2.
  • the electrophotogreaphic image receiving sheet 1 may be provided with an intermediate layer between the support 3 and the contact improvement layer, between the contact improvement layer and the cushioning layer, between the cushioning layer and the toner image receiving layer 2, or between the toner image receiving layer 2 and a storage stability improvement layer.
  • the electrophotogreaphic image receiving sheet 1 consists of the support 3, the toner image receiving layer 2 and the intermediate layer, it is of course to put the intermediate layer between the support 3, the toner image receiving layer 2.
  • the electrophotogreaphic image receiving sheet 1 with these additive layers is not bound by thickness and preferred to have a thickness in a rage of desirably from 50 to 350 ⁇ m, and more desirably from 100 to 280 ⁇ m, for the purpose.
  • the electrophotogreaphic image receiving sheet 1 receives toner on the toner image receiving layer 2 in printing or copying use.
  • the toner contains at least a binder resin and coloring agent, and additionally a release agent and other component materials if needed.
  • Preferred examples of available binding resin include, but not limited to, styrene such as styrene and parachlorosthylene; vinyl ester such as vinyl naphthalene, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl fluoride, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate and vinyl butarate; ethylene aliphatic carboxylate such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl ⁇ -chloromethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate; vinyl nitrile such as acrylonitrile, methcrylonitrile and acrylamide; vinyl ether such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and
  • Coloring agents that are used for ordinary toner can be used without any restriction.
  • Preferred examples of available coloring agent include, but not limited to, pigments such as carbon black, chrome yellow, Hansa yellow, benzidine yellow, slen yellow, quinoline yellow, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, Vulcan orange, Watchung red, permanent red, brilliant carmine 3B, brilliant carmine 6B, Deipon oil red, pyrazalone red, redole red, rhodamine B lake, lake red, rose Bengal, aniline blue, ultramarine blue, Carco oil blue, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green and malachite green oxalate and dyes such as acridine dyes, xanthene dyes, azoic dyes, benzoquinone dyes, axine dyes, anthraquinone dyes, thioindigo dyes, dioxazine dyes, thiazine dyes,
  • the coloring agent content of toner is preferably in a range of from 2 to 8 weight %.
  • the coloring agent can color the toner without deterioration of coloring strength when the content is higher than the lower limit and prevents the toner from loosing transparency when the content is lower than the upper limit.
  • release agent examples include, but not limited to, highly crystalline polyethylene wax with a comparatively low molecular weight, Fischer-Tropsch wax, amide wax and polar wax containing nitrogen such as urethane compounds.
  • the polyethylene wax is preferred to have a molecular weight desirably less than 1000, and more desirably in a range of from 300 to 1000.
  • the compound having an urethane bond is preferably used because it keeps itself in a solid state due to coagulation power of its polar group even though it has only a small molecular weight and is set to a melting temperature that is high for the small molecular weight.
  • Preferred raw materials for the compound include, but not limited to, a combination of a diisocyanate compound and monoalcohol, a combination of monoisocyanate compound and monoalcohol, a combination of dialcohol and monoisocyanate compound, a combination of trialcohol and monoisocyanate compound, and a combination of triisocyanate compound and monoalcohol.
  • Preferred example of monoisocyanate include, but not limited to, dodecyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, derivatives of phenyl isocyanate, naphthyl isocyanate, hexyl isocyanate, benzyl isocyanate, butyl isocyanate and aryl isocyanate.
  • Preferred example of diisocyanate include, but not limited to, tolylene diisocyanate, 4, 4' diphenyl methane diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, 1, 3-phenylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4-methyl-m-phenylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate.
  • Preferred example of monoalcohol include, but not limited to, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol and heptanol.
  • dialcohol examples include, but not limited to, various glycol such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, etc.
  • trialcohol include, but not limited to, trimethylol propane, triethylol propane, trimethanol ethane, etc.
  • Each of the compounds may be added to the toner together with a resin and/or a coloring agent like conventional release agents so as to provide a kneaded pulverized toner.
  • the compound When using the compounds for toner prepared by an emulsion-polymerization-coagulation-fusion method, the compound is dispersed in water together with polyelectrolytes such as an ionic surfactant, a acidic polymer and basic polymer, heated to a temperature higher than its melting temperature and sheared to particulates of less than 1 ⁇ m by the use of a homogenizer or a pressure discharge dispersion device.
  • a dispersion liquid of the release agent particulates can be used for the toner together with a dispersion liquid of resin particulates and/or a liquid of coloring agent particulates.
  • the toner may be blended with other components such as additives, an antistatic control agent, inorganic particulates, etc.
  • additive examples include magnetic materials that include, but not limited to, ferrite, magnetite, reduced iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and compounds of them.
  • antistatic control agent examples include, but not limited to, dye such as quaternary ammonium salt compounds, nigrosin compounds, complexes of aluminum, iron or chrome, and triphenylmethane pigments.
  • dye such as quaternary ammonium salt compounds, nigrosin compounds, complexes of aluminum, iron or chrome, and triphenylmethane pigments.
  • the inorganic particulates are all of the conventional toner additives capable of adhering toner particles such as silica, alumina, titania, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate, etc.
  • the inorganic particulates are dispersed with an ionic surface active agent, acidic polymer or basic polymer.
  • Surface active agents can be used for the purpose of emulsion polymerization, seed polymerization, dispersion of pigment, dispersion of resin particles, dispersion of release agent, coagulation and stabilization of them.
  • Simultaneously usable surface active agents are anionic surface active agents such as sulfuric ester salt surface active agents, sulfonate surface active agents, phosphonate ester surface active agents, soap, etc.; cationic surface active agents such as amine salt surface active agents, quaternary ammonium salt surface active agents, etc.; and non-ionic surface active agents such as polyalcohol, etc.
  • the toner may be added with additives capable of adhering to toner particles.
  • additives capable of adhering to toner particles.
  • Preferred examples of additive include, but not limited to, inorganic particles or powder of, for example, SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CuO, ZnO, SnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , MgO, BaO, CaO, K 2 O, NaO 2 , ZrO 2 , CaO ⁇ SiO 2 , K 2 O ⁇ (TiO 2 ) n , Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 2SiO 2 , CaCO 3 , MgCO 3 , BaSO 4 , MgSO 4 , etc.
  • These particle or powder is preferred to have an average particle size in a range of desirably from 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m, and more desirably from 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the toner is preferred to have a volumetric average particle size in a range of desirably from 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m. If the average particle size exceeds the lower limit, there are cases where the toner has an adverse effect on its handling property (supplyability, cleaning efficiency, flowability, etc.) and cases where the toner particles become insufficient in production. On the other hand, if the average particle size exceeds the upper limit, there are cases where the toner has an adverse effect on quality and resolution of images due to graininess and transferability.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet prefferably uses the toner that has a volumetric average grain size distribution index (GSDv) less than 1.3 and a ratio (GSDv)/GSDn) of a volumetric average grain size distribution index (GSDv) relative to a number average grain size distribution index (GSDn) is equal to or greater than 0.95 while meeting the requirement of volumetric average particle size.
  • the toner When the toner satisfies the requirements as set forth above, the toner has a positive effect on image quality, in particular graininess and resolution of images, and prevents an occurrence of fractional absence of toner transfer and/or blurred toner image, simultaneously with being hardly apt to have an adverse effect on its handling property even if its average particle size is not always small.
  • the toner itself to have a storage elastic modulus (G') at a temperature of 150°C, that is measured with an angular frequency of 10 rad/sec., in a range of from 10 to 200 Pa in light of improving image quality and preventing an occurrence of offset during the toner image fixing process.
  • G' storage elastic modulus
  • fixing belt type electrophotographic apparatus used hereafter shall mean and refer to the type having at least a heating and pressing section where toner is fused and pressed, a fixing belt operative to convey an electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 with the toner image receiving layer in contact therewith, and a toner image fixing station where the heated electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 is cooled while it remains contact with the fixing belt.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 with an toner image transferred thereon is heated and pressed by a fixing belt and a roller and then cooled before removal from the fixing belt.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 with an toner image transferred thereon is heated for toner image fixation by heating and/or pressurizing rollers, subsequently heated and pressed by a fixing belt and a roller and then cooled before removal from the fixing belt.
  • toner image transfer system There are known many types of toner image transfer system. Both the methods of image formation may include any type of toner image transfer system well known to those in the art.
  • toner image transfer process include, but not limited to, a direct toner image transfer process in which a toner image developed on a developing roller is transferred directly to an electrophotographic image receiving sheet and an intermediate belt transfer process in which a toner image is primarily transferred to an intermediate belt and thereafter to an electrophotographic image receiving sheet.
  • electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 it is preferred for the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 to employ the intermediate belt transfer system.
  • various fixing belt type electrophotographic apparatuses such as an electrophotographic apparatus equipped with an oilless fixing belt described in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-352819 and an electrophotographic apparatus that achieves secondary toner image transfer and toner image fixation simultaneously described in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 5-341666 and 11-352819.
  • toner adhered to the toner image receiving layer of the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 is finely fixed due to fusion without diffusing and is cooled and solidified while remaining contact with the fixing belt. As a result, the toner is accepted and completely buried in the toner image receiving layer 2.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 provides a toner image that is glossy and smooth and has no shoulders.
  • a color electrophotographic apparatus comprises an image receiving sheet carrying section, a latent image forming section and a developing section disposed close to the latent image forming section, and further an intermediate toner image transfer section located at the center of the apparatus between the image receiving sheet carrying section and the latent image forming section according to types.
  • the cooling device operates to cool the transferred toner to a temperature lower than a melting temperature of a binder resin of the toner or a temperature lower than a temperature 10°C higher than a glass-transition temperature of the binder resin. This realizes efficient toner image transfer to the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 and easily causes the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 to separate from the intermediate transfer belt.
  • Image fixation is the important process that governs gloss and smoothness of a resultant image.
  • a roller fixing process in which heating and/or pressurizing rollers are used for fixation
  • a belt fixing process in which a belt is used for fixation.
  • the belt fixing process is preferred.
  • Preferred examples of belt fixing process include, but not limited to, a process using an oilless fixing belt such as disclosed, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-352819, and a process in which secondary image transfer and image fixation are achieved simultaneously such as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 5-341666 and 11-352819.
  • the fixing belt at its surface may be fluoritated and/or siliconized for the purpose of preventing exfoliation and/or offset of toner. It is preferred for the fixing belt to be accompanied by a cooling device for cooling the fixing belt in the last half of a fixing process for easy separation electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 from the fixing belt.
  • the cooling device is capable of cooling the transferred toner to a temperature lower than a melting temperature of a binder resin of the toner and/or a polymer of the toner image receiving layer 2, or a temperature lower than a temperature 10°C higher than a glass-transition temperature of the binder resin.
  • the toner image receiving layer or its toner of the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 it is necessary for the toner image receiving layer or its toner of the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 to be heated sufficiently to its melting temperature.
  • a cooling temperature in a range of from 30 to 70°C practically and in a range of from 100 to 180°C at the beginning of fixation.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 with the toner 12 adhered is carried into a fixing position A, in other words, between a heating roller 14 and a pressurizing roller 15. During passing through between these rollers 14 and 15, the toner image receiving layer 2 or the toner 12 of the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 is sufficiently heated under a fixing pressure to its melting temperature (fixing temperature).
  • the fixing temperature represents a temperature of the external surface of the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 measured at a nip between the heating and pressurizing rollers 14 and 15 and is preferred to be in a range of desirably from 80 to 190°C, and more desirably from 100 to 170°C.
  • the fixing pressure represents a pressure measured at the nip between the heating and pressurizing rollers 14 and 15 and is preferred to be in a range of desirably from 1 to 10 kg/cm 2 , and more desirably from 2 to 7 kg/cm 2 .
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 having been heated and pressurized is carried by a fixing belt 13, such as an endless belt, passing through a cooling device 16.
  • the releasing agent dispersedly existing in the toner image receiving layer 2 is sufficiently heated and melts and, as a result, separates out onto the toner image receiving layer 2 to form a film.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 is cooled to a temperature lower than a melting temperature of a binder resin of the toner and/or a polymer of the toner image receiving layer 2, or a temperature lower than a temperature 10°C higher than a glass-transition temperature of the binder resin, desirably to a temperature in a range of from 20 to 80°C, and more desirably to an ambient temperature of approximately 25°C.
  • the film of release agent formed on the toner image receiving layer 2 is solidified as a release layer.
  • the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 after cooling is further carried to a release position B where a tension roller 17 is disposed.
  • the tension roller 17 guides the fixing belt 13 so as to separate it from the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1.
  • an endless fixing belt made of a base material such as polyimide, electroformed nickel or aluminum.
  • the fixing belt 13 is preferably coated with a thin film of at least more than one materials selected from the group of silicone rubber, fluorocarbon rubber, silicone resin and fluorocarbon resin on the surface. More preferably, it is suitable to form a fluorocarbon silicone rubber film of uniform thickness over the fixing belt 13, or otherwise to form a silicone rubber film of uniform thickness and a fluorocarbone siloxane rubber film over the silicone rubber film.
  • fluorocarbone siloxane rubber having a perfluoro alkyl ether group and/or perfluoro alkyl group in a principal chain.
  • fluorocarbone siloxane rubber is a hardened composition a fluorocarbon polymer (component A) that comprises fluorocarbon siloxane as a major component and having an aliphatic unsaturated group, organopoly siloxane and/or fluorocarbon siloxane (component B) that contain more than two ⁇ SiH groups in one molecule and have a ⁇ SiH group content from one to four times in molar weight as much as the amount of aliphatic unsaturated group in the fluorocarbonsiloxane rubber composition, filler (component C), and a fluorocarbonsiloxane rubber composition having an effective amount of catalyst (component D).
  • the component A i.e. fluorocarbon polymer, has fluorocarbon siloxane having a repeating unit that has the following general formula (I) as a major component and an aliphatic unsaturated group.
  • R 10 is a substitutable or non-substitutable monovalent hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 8, desirably an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 8 or an alkenyl group having a carbon number of 2 or 3, and more desirably a methyl group;
  • ⁇ and e take values 0 or 1;
  • b and d are integers from 1 to 4, c is an integer from 0 to 8, and x is an integer greater than 1 and desirably from 10 to 30.
  • the component B i.e. organopolysiloxane having ⁇ SiH group
  • the organohydrogen polysiloxane can be used as a hardening agent. That is, in this case, a hardened composition is formed through an addition reaction caused between the aliphatic unsaturated group of the fluorocarbone siloxane and the hydrogen atoms bound to the silicon atom of the organohydrogen polysiloxane.
  • organohydrogen polysiloxane that are used for addition curing type of silicon rubber composition can be used as the organohydrogen polysiloxane for the composition B.
  • organohydrogen polysiloxane so as to have ⁇ SiH groups at least one, desirably one to five, for one aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon group of the fluorocarbon siloxan for the component A.
  • An example of preferred component B i.e. fluorocarbon having ⁇ SiH groups, is the unit having the general formula (I) or fluorocarbon siloxane that has a dialkyl hydrogensiloxy group for R 10 of the general formula (I) and a SiH group such as a dialkyl hydrogensiloxy group or a silyl group as an end group and has the following formula (III):
  • component C include, but not limited to, various fillers that are conventionally used for general silicon rubber composition, namely stiffening filler such as aerosol silica, sedimentable silica, carbon powder, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, quart powder, talc, sericite and bentonite, and fiber filler such as asbestos, glass fiber and organic fiber.
  • stiffening filler such as aerosol silica, sedimentable silica, carbon powder, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, quart powder, talc, sericite and bentonite
  • fiber filler such as asbestos, glass fiber and organic fiber.
  • catalyst for component D include, but not limited to, various catalysts well known for addition reaction such as chloroplatinic acid, alcohol-modified chloroplatinic acid, complex of chloroplatinic acid and olefin, alumina supporting platinum black or palladium, silica supporting platinum black or palladium, carbon supporting platinum black or palladium, complexes of rhodium and olefin, chlorotris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (Wilkinson catalyst), rhodium (III) acetyl acetonate, which are elements of the VIII family of periodic table, and compounds of them. It is preferred for these complexes to be used as solutions with alcohols solvents, ethers solvents, hydrocarbon solvents.
  • the fluorocarbonsiloxane rubber used as the component D may be added with various compounding agents within the compass of not vitiating the purpose of the present invention.
  • compounding agent include, but not limited to, dispersing agents such as diphenylsilanediol, a low polymarization dimethyl polysiloxane with dimethyl polysiloxan at the end of a molecular chain; heat resistance improvers such as ferrous oxide, ferric oxide, cerium oxide, ferric octylate; and coloring agents such as pigment.
  • the fixing belt is prepared by applying a layer of a fluorocarbonsilixane rubber composition to a belt of heat-resistant resin or metal and curing it with heat.
  • the fixing belt may be coated by a general coating method such as spray coating, dip coating or knife coating, using a coating liquid prepare by diluting fluorocarbonsilixane rubber composition with a solvent such as m-xylene hexafluoride or benzotrifluoride.
  • the heating for cure is not bound by temperature and time, it is preferred to perform the heating in a temperature range from 100 to 500°C and in a time range from 5 seconds to 5 hours according to type belt material and belt manufacturing process.
  • the fluorocarbonsiloxane rubber composition layer of the fixing belt is not always bound by thickness, it is preferred fort the layer to have a thickness of desirably from 20 to 500 ⁇ m and more desirably from 40 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • Electrophotographic processes for forming an image on the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 is not limited to the process performed by the electrophotographic apparatus shown in Figure 2 as long as using a fixing belt and include processes for forming full color images by the conventional color electrophotographic apparatuses.
  • the image forming process of the present invention prevents an occurrence of separation between the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 and toner or an occurrence of offset between the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1 and a toner component, so as to achieve stable sheet carrying. This results in forming a glossy image with photographic quality on the electrophotographic image receiving sheet 1.
  • the support 1 was prepared by laminating a 13 ⁇ m layer of polyethylene to one of surfaces of a quality paper of a basic weight of 160 g/cm 2 on which a toner image receiving layer 2 is formed and a 15 ⁇ m layer of polyethylene to another surface of the quality paper. After having treated the polyethylene layers with corona discharge, a mixture of 1000g of water and 5g of gelatin was under coated to each of the polymer layer by the use of a wire coater such that a dried layer of the mixture had a weight of 0.1 g/cm 2 and then dried. Details of the support are shown in Table 1.
  • polar components of surface free energy of the toner image receiving layer before and after having heated the electrophotographic image receiving sheet ⁇ sp 0 [mJ/m 2 ] and ⁇ sp 1 [mJ/m 2 ] were derived on the basis of Fowks' formula described earlier.
  • the polar component of surface free energy ⁇ sp 0 was measured for each of the practical and comparative electrophotographic image receiving sheets P-Ex1 - P-Ex5 and C-Ex1 - C-Ex4 before heating.
  • the polar component of surface free energy ⁇ sp 1 was measured for each of the practical and comparative electrophotographic image receiving sheets P-Ex1 - P-Ex5 and C-Ex1 - C-Ex4 that has been heated to a surface temperature of 120°C by the use of a hot plate and was cooled to 25°C after a lapse of ten minutes from the point of time at which the electrophotographic image receiving sheet attains that surface temperature.
  • the polar component ⁇ sp 1 of surface free energy was calculated by substituting contact angles of the toner image receiving layer in the Fowks' formula. In this instance, values of the polar force of surface tension peculiar to each probe liquid that were set force in Journal of Society of Fiber Science & Technology, Japan, 38(4), T-147, 1982 were used. The results are set forth together with differences between these polar surface free energy in Table 3.
  • the contact angles of toner image receiving layer ⁇ with respect to a probe liquid consisting of water or methylene iodide before and after having heated the electrophotographic image receiving sheet were measured for each of the practical and comparative electrophotographic image receiving sheets P-Ex1 - P-Ex5 and C-Ex1-C-Ex4 by the use of Contact Angle Gauge CA-A manufactured by Kyowa Surface Chemistry Co., Ltd.
  • the contact angle before heating ⁇ 0 was measured in an ambient atmosphere of a surface temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 55%.
  • the contact angle after heating ⁇ 1 was measured in an ambient atmosphere of a surface temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 55% after the electrophotographic image receiving sheet had been heated to a surface temperature of 120°C by the use of a hot plate and cooled to 25°C after a lapse of ten minutes from the point of time at which the electrophotographic image receiving sheet attained a surface temperature of 25°C.
  • Table 4 The results are set forth together with differences between these contact angles in Table 4.
  • the fixing belt type electrophotographic apparatus shown in Figure 2 Used as original pictures for reproduction were a solid-white picture, a gray picture (R, G and B component of an image were 50%), a solid-black picture and a female portrait.
  • the fixing belt type electrophotographic apparatus used to reproduce the original pictures was a DocuColor 1250-FP color laser printer manufactured by Fuji Zerox Co., Ltd. with a fixing device having either one of the following fixing belts 1-3.
  • the heating roller 14 and the pressurizing roller 15 were set to a heating temperature of 155°C at which fixation was performed and a temperature of 130°C, respectively In this instance, the electrophotographic image receiving sheet had been cooled to a temperature of 60°C when it was separated from the fixing belt 13.
  • Tables 5, 6 and 7 The results are set forth in Tables 5, 6 and 7 for the fixing belts 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
  • a symbol ⁇ indicates that the electrophotographic image receiving sheet is accompanied by surface defects such as reverse transfer of toner particles, surface irregularities and/or separation of a toner image or a toner layer, and the symbol ⁇ indicates that the electrophotographic image receiving sheet is accompanied by such surface defects.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
EP03250920A 2002-02-15 2003-02-14 Feuille réceptrice d' images pour électrophotographie utilisant une courroie de fixation, et méthode de formation d' images utilisant une telle feuille Ceased EP1336901A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002038151 2002-02-15
JP2002038151A JP2003241051A (ja) 2002-02-15 2002-02-15 光学素子の支持手段、該光学素子の支持手段による光学系、露光装置、デバイス製造方法
JP2002242875 2002-08-23
JP2002242875 2002-08-23
JP2002367099 2002-12-18
JP2002367099A JP4015940B2 (ja) 2002-02-15 2002-12-18 定着ベルト式電子写真用受像シート及び画像形成方法

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Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1400861A3 (fr) * 2002-09-18 2006-01-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Matériau électrophotographique en forme de feuille et méthode de formation d'images
US7147909B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2006-12-12 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophotographic media with carboxylic acid polymer
US7211363B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2007-05-01 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophotographic prints with glossy and writable sides
US7264867B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2007-09-04 Eastman Kodak Company Extruded toner receiver layer for electrophotography
US7687136B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2010-03-30 Eastman Kodak Company Fuser-oil sorbent electrophotographic toner receiver layer
US7754315B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2010-07-13 Eastman Kodak Company Marking enhancement layer for toner receiver element
US7867603B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2011-01-11 Eastman Kodak Company Coextruded toner receiver layer for electrophotography
US8474115B2 (en) 2009-08-28 2013-07-02 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Apparatus and method for making low tangle texturized roving

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JPH05127413A (ja) * 1991-11-01 1993-05-25 Konica Corp カラー画像転写体およびカラー画像形成方法
EP0555750A2 (fr) * 1992-02-10 1993-08-18 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Unité de fixage et bande sans fin pour ledite unité
EP0778500A1 (fr) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Matériaux d'enregistrement transmettant la lumière et méthode de fixage par chaleur
JPH10198061A (ja) * 1997-01-07 1998-07-31 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd 電子写真用画像支持体
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JPH05127413A (ja) * 1991-11-01 1993-05-25 Konica Corp カラー画像転写体およびカラー画像形成方法
EP0555750A2 (fr) * 1992-02-10 1993-08-18 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Unité de fixage et bande sans fin pour ledite unité
EP0778500A1 (fr) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Matériaux d'enregistrement transmettant la lumière et méthode de fixage par chaleur
JPH10198061A (ja) * 1997-01-07 1998-07-31 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd 電子写真用画像支持体
JP2001056579A (ja) * 1999-06-08 2001-02-27 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd 画像記録体

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1400861A3 (fr) * 2002-09-18 2006-01-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Matériau électrophotographique en forme de feuille et méthode de formation d'images
US7147909B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2006-12-12 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophotographic media with carboxylic acid polymer
US7211363B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2007-05-01 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophotographic prints with glossy and writable sides
US7264867B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2007-09-04 Eastman Kodak Company Extruded toner receiver layer for electrophotography
US7678445B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2010-03-16 Eastman Kodak Company Extruded toner receiver layer for electrophotography
US7687136B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2010-03-30 Eastman Kodak Company Fuser-oil sorbent electrophotographic toner receiver layer
US7754315B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2010-07-13 Eastman Kodak Company Marking enhancement layer for toner receiver element
US7867603B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2011-01-11 Eastman Kodak Company Coextruded toner receiver layer for electrophotography
US8474115B2 (en) 2009-08-28 2013-07-02 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Apparatus and method for making low tangle texturized roving

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