EP1336050B1 - Internal combustion engine fuel injecting device - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine fuel injecting device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1336050B1
EP1336050B1 EP01980605A EP01980605A EP1336050B1 EP 1336050 B1 EP1336050 B1 EP 1336050B1 EP 01980605 A EP01980605 A EP 01980605A EP 01980605 A EP01980605 A EP 01980605A EP 1336050 B1 EP1336050 B1 EP 1336050B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rod
transducer
fuel
housing
valve
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EP01980605A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1336050A1 (en
Inventor
André AGNERAY
Laurent Levin
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/041—Injectors peculiar thereto having vibrating means for atomizing the fuel, e.g. with sonic or ultrasonic vibrations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel injection device for an engine with internal combustion intended in particular to equip a motor vehicle.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a fuel injection device making it possible to atomize the fuel injected in the form of very fine droplets as required.
  • Such injection systems include an electric pump for supplying fuel which feeds, through a distribution ramp, all the injectors under a given pressure.
  • an electric pump for supplying fuel which feeds, through a distribution ramp, all the injectors under a given pressure.
  • valve actuator By electronically controlling the valve actuator each injector, we control the start and duration of opening and determine then a precise amount of fuel injected.
  • Electromagnetically controlled needle type injectors have limits that hinder engine performance. In particular the time taken to open or close the hands are still too high, around 1 to 2 ms, which prevents phasing injection ideally on all engine ranges. In addition, the minimum time , which determines the minimum dose of fuel that can be injected, is still too important for certain engine operating points.
  • Known needle injectors also have injection ports for relatively large diameters to allow the required quantities of fuel for full load operations and high engine speeds. This provision generates fuel jets with large drops, which slows fuel vaporization (and therefore the preparation of the fuel mixture) and is able to favor the phenomenon of wetting of the walls.
  • the non-vaporized fuel tends to settle on the walls of the combustion.
  • Such a deposit causes dosage problems, particularly acute in transient due to lack of knowledge of the quantity of fuel actually mixed with the air in the combustion chamber.
  • This wetting phenomenon is one of the causes significant high pollutant emissions during cold engine starts.
  • an actuator piezoelectric rod form transmits an elongation to a sliding plunger which transmits (only in pushing) itself to a valve valve whose return to position closing is ensured by elastic means such as a spring.
  • a first drawback of this type of solution lies in the low capacity atomization of the liquid when the ejected liquid layer is large, see a capacity atomization limited only at a short time at the start of contact with the liquid layer as well as at the end of the ejection. Between these two moments, contact is made for a period of time too short for the vibrations and displacements generated at the end of the ejection nose can: either be transmitted as a surface wave in the liquid which nebulizes it, either generate local pulses on the fluid table which has the effect of fragmenting the fluid tablecloth.
  • a second drawback of this type of solution is that the response time is too long due to in the opening mode which requires translating the entire mass of the needle.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a new type of injection device for fuel to solve all of these problems, the device being able to deliver with great precision and a very short response time a cloud of drops of fuel whose sizes are very similar and sufficiently small, regardless of the injector supply pressure, to ensure complete and homogeneous vaporization of the fuel injected.
  • the Applicant has already proposed a first type of device that meets at least partially for this purpose in French patent application FR 9904732 as well as in Patent application FR 9914548.
  • a valve located at the end of a rod is resiliently biased against a seat by means of the rod.
  • the valve oscillates on the seat arranged at the end of an injection nozzle thanks to the deformations alternating elastics generated at ultrasonic frequency in the body of the nozzle which therefore retransmits to the rod via the contact zone with the valve.
  • the peculiarity lies in the both seat and flap are movable.
  • a second type of device was the subject of patent application FR 0009190 by the Applicant.
  • this second type of device only the valve at the end of a rod is mobile, the rod directly receiving the ultrasonic frequency deformations which propagate up to the level of the valve to generate its oscillation on the seat which is fixed in the mass of the injector body.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve this second type of device by proposing a new architecture of injector body.
  • the fuel injection device is of the type comprising a transducer housing and a valve housing coaxially connected, through which is inserted a transducer elastically secured to a rod.
  • the rod is formed directly in the extension of the transducer and includes a reduction in section allowing amplification of the deformations caused by the transducer.
  • the rod forms a narrow annular channel with the valve housing substantially at the connection between the two housings, the part having a narrowing section being inserted into the valve housing up to the end of said housing where a seat is formed on which are supported means shutters such as a valve elastically integral with the rod.
  • the valve housing has a channel for supplying liquid under high pressure, this liquid being able to circulate towards the housing of transducer through the narrow annular channel with a flow limitation causing a pressure drop for the liquid in the transducer housing.
  • the liquid circulates until to a liquid outlet channel from the transducer housing, so that the variation in pressure applied to the apparent section corresponding to the variation in section of the rod generates a pressing force on the rod and recalls the valve with proportional intensity at the supply pressure.
  • the valve is also recalled against the seat, in the absence of force pressure, by elastic return means formed by an elastic material and damper inserted in the transducer housing and exerting a force directed towards the channel outlet on the integral assembly formed by the shutter means, the rod and the transducer.
  • the transducer is controlled in duration and intensity by the electronic control system motor, the vibration at ultrasonic frequencies of the transducer generating a mode deformation alternating in contraction and expansion in the rod, so that with each cycle of vibration, the expansion undergone by the rod results in an elongation of said rod relative to at the end of the valve housing, which displacement makes it possible to appear during the cycle time a slot through which a determined quantity of fuel is ejected.
  • an injection device whose opening at the level of the ejection nose is only a function of the dilated or compressed state of the needle forming a valve resting at the level of the nose, the variation of state being generated by a source electrically controlled ultrasonic excitation.
  • the phenomena oscillations of the mass-spring type are eliminated.
  • the injection device according to the invention has one or more following characteristics:
  • the shutter means are formed by a rod, one end of which is integral elastically of a valve-shaped element, the rod forming a direct extension, integral elastically in the mass, with a transducer mounted movable axially at inside the transducer housing.
  • the shutter means forming a valve are constantly reminded against the end of the nozzle serving as a seat for the valve by an elastic return device can be formed in a damping material, this elastic and damping device supporting the assembly made up of the three elements which are the transducer, the rod and the valve, these three elements being themselves elastically integral.
  • the shutter means forming a valve are brought against the end of the nozzle. after each opening by the contraction of the stem which follows the expansion of the stem during each vibration cycle, the deformation mode thus established in the rod corresponding to a proper mode of vibration of the rod integral with the valve.
  • the shutter means forming a valve remain pressed against the end of the nozzle in outside the rod deformation phases and below a certain pressure thanks to the elastic and damping return means bringing back the whole of the transducer, the rod and shutter means against the end of the nozzle forming a seat for the valve.
  • the shutter means forming a valve are forced against the end of the nozzle in outside the rod deformation phases with a value proportional to the pressure fuel supply due to the pressure force exerted on the apparent surface of the rod at the level of its section variation separating the high and low pressure parts, thus ensuring an adequate sealing constraint whatever the value of the fuel supply pressure.
  • the elastic and damping return means used to apply the means plugs against the end of the nozzle and supporting the assembly of the transducer and the rod is made of a material to dampen the transmission of vibrations between the transducer and the body of the injection box.
  • the elastic and damping return means used to apply the means plugs against the end of the nozzle makes it possible to make up for any play due to thermal expansion between the transducer, the rod and the injection nozzle.
  • the transducer housing contains the transducer, the rod in its strongest section and the cushioning material.
  • the valve housing comprising an axial cylindrical bore, encloses the rod in its weakest section and present in its upper part, at its connection with the transducer housing a widening of the axial cylindrical channel, widening this channel corresponding to the diameter of the rod in its widest section with very little play thus making appear a very narrow annular channel through which the liquid flows from the area of high pressure located in the valve housing towards the interior of the transducer then a recirculation channel with a pressure reduction linked to the limitation of flow operated by the narrowness of the annular channel.
  • An ejection flow limiter is placed inside the nozzle in the space annular between the rod and the internal cylindrical surface of the nozzle so that when ejection of the fluid, the flow of liquid passing through the nozzle is precisely defined by the space between the rod and the flow limiter.
  • the means for cyclically vibrating the rod are formed by a transducer comprising a mechanical amplification system and directly attached to the rod for it transmit the amplified deformations.
  • the second member consists of a transducer housing 15 having a cavity interior 10, a channel for supplying the liquid under high pressure 16 extending directly in the valve housing without communicating with the cavity 10, an outlet channel 31 evacuating the fuel flowing from the inside of the valve housing under high pressure to the cavity inside 10 through the flow limiter 33 so that the flow limitation generates a lowering of pressure of the liquid flowing in the cavity 10 towards the circulation channel of fuel 31.
  • the third member is constituted by a rod 4 formed directly in the extension of the transducer 1, the assembly being housed axially movable through the housing transducer 15, the rod 4 in its lower part 25 being housed axially movable at the interior of the nozzle 3.
  • the rod 4 comprises at its lower end 6 a part 7 forming valve, the valve being integral with the rod 4 by means of a connection zone elastic 8.
  • the end 6 of the rod 4 supports the valve 7 which is adapted to come into contact with the lower surface of the nozzle 3 defining the seat 5 of said valve.
  • Rod 4 has a first portion 24 of large diameter by which it is connected to the transducer 1, this part 24 extending by another part of smaller diameter 25, supporting at its end 6 the valve 7 and inserted axially movable in the valve housing 30.
  • valve housing 30 and the transducer housing 15 are tightly connected and along the same axis by a constraint means such as a union nut 28.
  • the transducer 1, inserted in the transducer housing 15, has a shoulder 12, corresponding to its variation in section with the rod 4.
  • This shoulder 12 rests on a support element 9, made of a shock absorbing and elastic material.
  • this element support When this element support is prestressed, it then exerts a force directed towards the outlet channel 31 on the rod 4 thus making it possible to apply the valve 7 to its seat 5 with a force of constant value.
  • the transducer housing 15 has a coaxial bore 11 in which are inserted guide elements 27 ensuring a maintenance of the rod 4 along the axis common enclosures.
  • the assembly of the injection device according to the invention is carried out as follows: the integral transducer 1 and rod 4 are inserted through the guide zone 27 until that the end 6 of the rod 4 reaches the seat area 5. A preload of a fixed value is exerted between the transducer 1 and the housing 15, which prestress results in a contraction of the material 9 and an additional translation of the rod 4 relative to the transducer 1. The rod 4 is then mechanically held in this position, and the valve 7 is then secured to the rod 4 in the zone 8.
  • the part 9 exerts a restoring force elastic tending to separate the transducer 1 from the nozzle 3 which causes the application of the end 6 and of the valve 7, integral with the transducer 1, against the seat 5 of the ejection nozzle 3 and the possible wear compensation in the contact area of the valve.
  • the shutter means such as the valve 7 can be secured to the end 6 of the rod 4 by means of a thread formed in the zone 8, the thread stopping on a shoulder 29, visible in FIG. 2, formed in the rod 4, so that the valve 7 can be screwed in abutment against the shoulder 29 with a tightening stress value greater than stresses undergone by the valve 7 when it contacts the seat 5 during its movement oscillating.
  • the shutter means such as the valve 7 can also be secured elastically on either side of the end 6 of the rod 4 in the zone 8 by welding laser or electron beam along the circumference of the shoulder 29 as well as along the circumference of the base 32 of the valve 7.
  • the shutter means such as the valve 7 can be made of a material different from that of rod 4.
  • a rod 4 made of titanium having increased elastic deformation capacities compared to steels, with an alloy valve highly alloyed with high resistance to abrasion and elastic surface shocks.
  • the low pressure circulation of the liquid in the cavity 10 makes it possible to absorb the flow possible thermal generated by the transducer 1, and thus, to maintain the cavity 10 and the transducer 1 within a given temperature range, so that the efficiency electromechanical transducer 1 remains constant in this temperature range and allows excellent regularity of operation.
  • the surface of the visible section 23 is greater than the section of the axial bore 34 at level of the seat 5 of the valve 7 so that the pressure force exerted on the apparent surface of the valve 7 in the direction of opening the valve is compensated by an opposite force acting on the visible section 23 and thus makes it possible to keep the valve 7 in contact with its seat 5 whatever the value of the fuel supply pressure.
  • the transducer 1 is dimensioned to transmit a maximum of constraints to the level of the junction 12 with the rod 4, this maximum of constraints corresponding to a minimum amplitude of vibration for the material.
  • the transducer 1 has a zone 17, made up of active piezoelectric components or magnetostrictive, which respectively under the application of an electric field or magnetic deform in thickness.
  • This part 17 is sandwiched between two other elements 18 and 19 made of an elastic material.
  • the connection between the elements 17, 18, and 19 is provided by prestressing means such as a screw 20.
  • the stack of several active components 17 makes it possible to add the thickness deformations generated by each of the rings, the deformation resulting from the total displacement of the stack of rings remaining below the elastic deformation limit of the prestressing means 20. Reducing the diameter of part 19 to part 24 makes it possible to amplify the deformations longitudinal generated in part 19 up to zone 8.
  • the engine control computer sends two pulses corresponding to the start and to the end of the injection.
  • an ultrasonic frequency generator sends a wave train (level 5V) at a given frequency at the input of an amplifier, which allows attack the piezoelectric ceramics with alternating voltage (of the order of + -60V) at the same ultrasonic frequency during the injection period.
  • the assembly composed of the transducer 1 and the rod 4 is dimensioned to resonate with the excitation frequency of the active components 17 and to amplify the displacements longitudinal to the level of the lower end of the rod 4.
  • the rod 4, initially closing the opening 21 by its end forming a valve 7, is deforms under the impulse provided to it when the transducer is electrically excited. This deformation is distributed elastically over the entire length of the rod 4 according to the mode proper deformation corresponding to the frequency of electrical excitation. Reflections to the end of the rod 4, where the ejection takes place, allow the end 6 to oscillate with the valve 7 and thus to reveal the opening 21 cyclically through which is ejected the liquid under pressure.
  • the opening of the annular slot 21 is therefore oscillating and equal to the amplitude of vibration of the valve 7 relative to the end 6 of the rod 4.
  • the opening frequency of the slit then depends on the excitation frequency chosen for the transducer 1.
  • the minimum opening time of the injection device is of the same order as the excitation period applied to transducer 1, which excitation can take place at a few tens of kilohertz, typically 50 kHz, which allows minimum opening times of around 20 ⁇ s. This makes it possible to deliver micro-quantities of liquid during a period of reduced time compared to more conventional injection devices where the minimum time for operating the opening and closing of the injection nose is rather of the order of 300 ⁇ s.
  • the fuel supply to the engine is of the multipoint type with control electronics by which each combustion chamber is supplied directly with fuel by at least one fuel injector opening into the chamber.
  • the transducer 1 comprises a cylinder 18 in steel with a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 25 mm comprising in its upper part a threaded pin 20.
  • the threaded axis 20 of the cylinder 18 makes it possible to prestress ceramic rings piezoelectric (external diameter 20 mm, internal diameter 6 mm, thickness 2 mm) between the cylinders 18 and the emitting part 19.
  • the ceramics are arranged with polarizations anti-parallel, electrodes 13 being interposed between each pair of ceramics.
  • a titanium rod 4 machined in the extension of the transducer 1 is inserted through the transducer 15 and valve 30 housings and then receives at its end 6 a valve 7 of conical shape in steel which is elastically secured in zone 8.
  • the elasticity of the material 9 is chosen so that it allows variations to be caught up length between rod 4 and nozzle 3 due to thermal expansion without modification effective value of the prestress ensuring watertightness.
  • the mass of the transducer 1 and the rigidity of the washer 9 are chosen to form a system with a very long response time compared to the excitation times of the transducer 1 of the order of 1 to 20 ms or less.
  • the amplitude of oscillation for a voltage of 60 Volts applied to each electrode is close to 20 microns, thus leaving an opening 5 generating a fluid film of which the thickness is of the same order (20 microns).
  • This fluid film is fragmented by the closure of opening 21 which occurs after a very short time (every 20 ⁇ s).
  • the device thus makes it possible to generate, as required, very fine droplets.
  • the modulation of the amplitude of the opening 21 makes it possible to modulate the size of the drops and thus the flow rate with response times of the order of 20 ⁇ s.
  • the flow section through the opening 21 is greater than that of the flow limiter 26 and the flow of the injector is then a function of the pressure and of the flow section of the flow limiter 26.
  • the quantities injected are precisely controlled by the number of opening cycles and the drop size by displacement value.
  • the flow section through the opening 21 is less than that of the flow limiter 26 and the instantaneous flow of the injector is then a function at each oscillation of the pressure and the passage section generated by the opening 21.
  • the quantities injected are controlled in this case by the amplitude of displacement and by the number of oscillations ordered, the quantity minimum injected can be further reduced and the rate of nebulization of the liquid increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif d'injection de carburant pour moteur à combustion interne destiné notamment à équiper un véhicule automobile. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif d'injection de carburant permettant d'atomiser le carburant injecté sous forme de très fines gouttelettes selon les besoins.The present invention relates to a fuel injection device for an engine with internal combustion intended in particular to equip a motor vehicle. The invention relates more particularly to a fuel injection device making it possible to atomize the fuel injected in the form of very fine droplets as required.

Les dispositifs d'injection de carburant utilisés aujourd'hui sur les moteurs à combustion interne, équipant les véhicules automobiles ou routiers, fonctionnent classiquement sur le modèle d'une vanne dont on commande en permanence l'état ouvert ou fermé, le dosage du carburant injecté se faisant alors directement par le temps d'ouverture.The fuel injection devices used today on engines with internal combustion, fitted to motor or road vehicles, operate conventionally on the model of a valve whose open state is permanently controlled or closed, the metering of the injected fuel then being done directly by the opening time.

De tels systèmes d'injection comprennent une pompe électrique d'alimentation en carburant qui alimente, par le canal d'une rampe de distribution, l'ensemble des injecteurs sous une pression donnée. En contrôlant électroniquement l'actionneur de la soupape de chaque injecteur, on commande le début et la durée d'ouverture de celle-ci et on détermine alors une quantité précise de carburant injecté.Such injection systems include an electric pump for supplying fuel which feeds, through a distribution ramp, all the injectors under a given pressure. By electronically controlling the valve actuator each injector, we control the start and duration of opening and determine then a precise amount of fuel injected.

Les injecteurs du type à aiguille commandée électromagnétiquement présentent des limites qui freinent les performances moteur. En particulier les temps mis pour ouvrir ou fermer les aiguilles sont encore trop élevés, d'environ 1 à 2 ms, ce qui empêche de phaser l'injection de manière idéale sur toutes les plages moteur. De plus, le temps minimum d'ouverture, qui détermine la dose minimale de carburant pouvant être injectée, est encore trop important pour certains points de fonctionnement moteur.Electromagnetically controlled needle type injectors have limits that hinder engine performance. In particular the time taken to open or close the hands are still too high, around 1 to 2 ms, which prevents phasing injection ideally on all engine ranges. In addition, the minimum time , which determines the minimum dose of fuel that can be injected, is still too important for certain engine operating points.

Les injecteurs à aiguille connus présentent par ailleurs des orifices d'injection de diamètres relativement importants pour permettre de débiter les quantités requises de carburant pour les fonctionnements à pleine charge et hauts régimes moteurs. Cette disposition génère des jets de carburant présentant des gouttes de fortes dimensions, ce qui freine la vaporisation du carburant (et donc la préparation du mélange carburé) et est à même de favoriser le phénomène de mouillage des parois.Known needle injectors also have injection ports for relatively large diameters to allow the required quantities of fuel for full load operations and high engine speeds. This provision generates fuel jets with large drops, which slows fuel vaporization (and therefore the preparation of the fuel mixture) and is able to favor the phenomenon of wetting of the walls.

En effet le carburant non vaporisé tend à se déposer sur les parois de la chambre de combustion. Un tel dépôt entraíne des problèmes de dosage, particulièrement aigus dans les transitoires par manque de connaissance de la quantité de carburant mélangée effectivement avec l'air dans la chambre de combustion. Ce phénomène de mouillage est l'une des causes importantes des fortes émissions de polluants lors des démarrages à froid des moteurs.In fact, the non-vaporized fuel tends to settle on the walls of the combustion. Such a deposit causes dosage problems, particularly acute in transient due to lack of knowledge of the quantity of fuel actually mixed with the air in the combustion chamber. This wetting phenomenon is one of the causes significant high pollutant emissions during cold engine starts.

Par ailleurs, avec un injecteur classique à aiguille, à l'ouverture de l'aiguille lorsque cette dernière commence à quitter son siège, il se forme un bulbe de liquide qui disparaít lorsque l'aiguille est complètement levée, l'écoulement du fluide se régularisant alors. Ce changement dans la nature de l'écoulement rend impossible tout contrôle précis du débit instantané de l'injecteur.In addition, with a conventional needle injector, when the needle opens the latter begins to leave its seat, it forms a bulb of liquid which disappears when the needle is fully raised, the flow of fluid is then regularized. This change in the nature of the flow makes precise control of the flow impossible injector snapshot.

Certains ont cherché à résoudre ces différents problèmes, en développant des injecteurs utilisant des actionneurs piézo-électriques pour manoeuvrer l'aiguille de façon à abaisser la durée d'ouverture et de fermeture de l'aiguille, mais de tels systèmes qui fonctionnent toujours selon le principe d'une vanne, conservent des inconvénients importants liés notamment à la dispersion importante affectant la taille des gouttes dans le jet de carburant au sortir du nez de l'injecteur. Ainsi, dans le document FR 2 758 369, un actionneur piézo-électrique sous forme de tige transmet une élongation à un poussoir coulissant qui les transmet (en poussée uniquement) lui-même à un clapet de soupape dont le retour en position de fermeture est assuré par des moyens élastiques tels qu'un ressort. Une telle solution présente l'inconvénient d'un temps de réponse trop long lié à l'importance de la chaíne cinématique, (la tige et le clapet de soupape subissent une translation de l'ensemble de leur masse ) ainsi qu'un autre inconvénient majeur lié au fait que la capacité d'obtenir des gouttes suffisamment fines n'est obtenue qu'avec des pressions élevées lorsque l'ouverture des fentes d'éjection reste constante pendant la durée d'éjection.Some have sought to resolve these various problems, by developing injectors using piezoelectric actuators to maneuver the needle so as to lower the opening and closing times of the needle, but such systems that always operate on the valve principle, retain significant disadvantages linked in particular to the large dispersion affecting the size of the drops in the jet of fuel coming out of the injector nose. Thus, in document FR 2 758 369, an actuator piezoelectric rod form transmits an elongation to a sliding plunger which transmits (only in pushing) itself to a valve valve whose return to position closing is ensured by elastic means such as a spring. Such a solution has the disadvantage of too long a response time linked to the importance of the chain kinematic, (the stem and the valve flap undergo a translation of all of their mass) as well as another major drawback related to the fact that the ability to obtain drops sufficiently fine is only obtained with high pressures when the opening of the slots ejection remains constant during the ejection time.

D'après les documents DE 3010985 et US 5330100, on connaít des dispositifs d'injection comportant un système d'ouverture de l'aiguille par translation associé avec un système de pulvérisation secondaire du jet en sortie du nez d'éjection. Dans ces dispositifs, la nappe liquide s'écoule en continu pendant tout le temps d'ouverture, et est refragmentée par les vibrations générées au voisinage du nez d'éjection dès que le contact entre le liquide et l'extrémité du nez s'opère.According to documents DE 3010985 and US 5330100, there are known devices injection system comprising a needle opening system by translation associated with a secondary spraying system of the jet at the outlet of the ejection nose. In these devices, the liquid layer flows continuously throughout the opening time, and is refragmented by the vibrations generated in the vicinity of the ejection nose as soon as the contact between the liquid and the tip of the nose operates.

Un premier inconvénient de ce type de solution réside dans la faible capacité d'atomisation du liquide lorsque la nappe liquide éjectée est importante, voir une capacité d'atomisation limitée seulement à un court instant au début du contact de la nappe liquide ainsi qu'à la fin de l'éjection. Entre ces deux instants, le contact se fait pendant un laps de temps trop court pour que les vibrations et déplacements générés au bout du nez d'éjection puissent : soit être transmises sous forme d'onde de surface dans le liquide ce qui le nébulise, soit générer des impulsions locales sur la nappe fluide ce qui a pour effet de fragmenter la nappe fluide.A first drawback of this type of solution lies in the low capacity atomization of the liquid when the ejected liquid layer is large, see a capacity atomization limited only at a short time at the start of contact with the liquid layer as well as at the end of the ejection. Between these two moments, contact is made for a period of time too short for the vibrations and displacements generated at the end of the ejection nose can: either be transmitted as a surface wave in the liquid which nebulizes it, either generate local pulses on the fluid table which has the effect of fragmenting the fluid tablecloth.

Un deuxième inconvénient de ce type de solution est un temps de réponse trop long dû au mode d'ouverture qui nécessite de translater toute la masse de l'aiguille.A second drawback of this type of solution is that the response time is too long due to in the opening mode which requires translating the entire mass of the needle.

D'après le document U.S 5025766, on connaít un dispositif d'injection dont le nez vibre autour d'une fréquence de 35 kHz, et comportant une bille de masse donnée maintenue en appui contre le siège du nez d'injection par un ressort de précontrainte. A chaque oscillation, une ouverture apparaít entre le siège du nez d'injection et la bille, permettant ainsi l'éjection d'une quantité de fluide pendant un laps de temps très court correspondant à la période d'oscillation, ce qui permet de nébuliser le liquide avec un fort taux. Mais un inconvénient tient au fait que, d'une part les rebondissements de la bille sur le siège et, d'autre part le comportement oscillant du système composé de la masse de la bille et du ressort de précontrainte, ne permettent pas de contrôler rigoureusement le comportement vibratoire de l'ensemble nez-bille, et donc le moment d'ouverture permettant de doser le fluide, ce qui se traduit par le fait que le carburant est injecté d'une manière incontrôlée.According to document U.S 5025766, we know an injection device whose nose vibrates around a frequency of 35 kHz, and comprising a ball of given mass maintained resting against the seat of the injection nose by a prestressing spring. Every oscillation, an opening appears between the seat of the injection nose and the ball, thus allowing the ejection of a quantity of fluid for a very short period of time corresponding to the oscillation period, which allows to nebulize the liquid with a high rate. But one drawback is that, on the one hand, the twists of the ball on the seat and, on the other hand share the oscillating behavior of the system composed of the mass of the ball and the spring of preload, do not allow rigorous control of the vibratory behavior of the nose-ball assembly, and therefore the opening moment making it possible to dose the fluid, which reflected in the fact that fuel is injected in an uncontrolled manner.

L'ensemble des problèmes cités précédemment se solde donc par une vaporisation du carburant pouvant être incomplète et non homogène lors de la préparation du mélange carburé dans la chambre de combustion, des dosages imprécis, avec pour conséquence une combustion incomplète se traduisant par la formation d'une quantité élevée de gaz polluants et un déficit énergétique altérant le rendement du moteur.All of the problems mentioned above therefore result in a vaporization of the fuel may be incomplete and not homogeneous during the preparation of the fuel mixture inaccurate dosages in the combustion chamber, resulting in incomplete combustion resulting in the formation of a large quantity of polluting gases and an energy deficit affecting engine performance.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer un nouveau type de dispositif d'injection de carburant permettant de résoudre l'ensemble de ces problèmes, le dispositif étant apte à délivrer avec une grande précision et un temps de réponse très court un nuage de gouttes de carburant dont les tailles sont très voisines et suffisamment petites, indépendamment de la pression d'alimentation de l'injecteur, pour assurer la vaporisation complète et homogène du carburant injecté.The object of the invention is to propose a new type of injection device for fuel to solve all of these problems, the device being able to deliver with great precision and a very short response time a cloud of drops of fuel whose sizes are very similar and sufficiently small, regardless of the injector supply pressure, to ensure complete and homogeneous vaporization of the fuel injected.

La Demanderesse a déjà proposé un premier type de dispositifs répondant au moins partiellement à ce but dans la demande de brevet français FR 9904732 ainsi que dans la demande de brevet FR 9914548. Dans ces premiers types de dispositifs, un clapet situé au bout d'une tige est rappelé élastiquement contre un siège par l'intermédiaire de la tige. Le clapet oscille sur le siège disposé au bout d'une buse d'injection grâce aux déformations élastiques alternées générées à fréquence ultrasonore dans le corps de la buse qui les retransmet donc à la tige via la zone de contact avec le clapet. La particularité réside dans le fait que le siège et le clapet sont tous les deux mobiles.The Applicant has already proposed a first type of device that meets at least partially for this purpose in French patent application FR 9904732 as well as in Patent application FR 9914548. In these first types of devices, a valve located at the end of a rod is resiliently biased against a seat by means of the rod. The valve oscillates on the seat arranged at the end of an injection nozzle thanks to the deformations alternating elastics generated at ultrasonic frequency in the body of the nozzle which therefore retransmits to the rod via the contact zone with the valve. The peculiarity lies in the both seat and flap are movable.

Un deuxième type de dispositif a fait l'objet de la demande de brevet FR 0009190 par la Demanderesse. Dans ce deuxième type de dispositif, seul le clapet au bout d'une tige est mobile, la tige recevant directement les déformations à fréquence ultrasonore qui se propagent jusqu'au niveau du clapet pour générer son oscillation sur le siège qui, lui, est fixe dans la masse du corps de l'injecteur.A second type of device was the subject of patent application FR 0009190 by the Applicant. In this second type of device, only the valve at the end of a rod is mobile, the rod directly receiving the ultrasonic frequency deformations which propagate up to the level of the valve to generate its oscillation on the seat which is fixed in the mass of the injector body.

La présente invention a pour objet de perfectionner ce deuxième type de dispositifs d'injection en proposant une nouvelle architecture de corps d'injecteur.The object of the present invention is to improve this second type of device by proposing a new architecture of injector body.

Selon l'invention, le dispositif d'injection de carburant est du type comportant un boítier de transducteur et un boítier de clapet reliés coaxialement, à travers lesquels est inséré un transducteur solidaire élastiquement d'une tige. La tige est formée directement dans le prolongement du transducteur et comporte une réduction de section permettant d'amplifier les déformations engendrées par le transducteur. De plus, la tige forme un canal annulaire étroit avec le boítier de clapet sensiblement au niveau de la liaison entre les deux boítiers, la partie présentant un rétrécissement de section étant insérée dans le boítier de clapet jusqu'à l'extrémité dudit boítier où est formé un siège sur lequel viennent s'appuyer des moyens obturateurs tel qu'un clapet solidaire élastiquement de la tige. Le boítier de clapet comporte un canal d'amenée de liquide sous forte pression, ce liquide pouvant circuler vers le boítier de transducteur à travers le canal annulaire étroit avec une limitation de débit provoquant une baisse de pression pour le liquide dans le boítier de transducteur. Le liquide circule jusque vers un canal de sortie de liquide du boítier de transducteur, de sorte que la variation de pression s'appliquant sur la section apparente correspondant à la variation de section de la tige génère une force de pression sur la tige et rappelle le clapet avec une intensité proportionnelle à la pression d'alimentation. Le clapet est rappelé aussi contre le siège, en l'absence de force de pression, par des moyens élastiques de rappel formés par un matériau élastique et amortissant inséré dans le boítier de transducteur et exerçant une force orientée vers le canal de sortie sur l'ensemble solidaire formé par les moyens obturateurs, la tige et le transducteur. Le transducteur est piloté en durée et en intensité par le système électronique de contrôle moteur, la mise en vibration à des fréquences ultrasonores du transducteur générant un mode de déformation alternée en contraction et dilatation dans la tige, de sorte qu'à chaque cycle de vibration, la dilatation subie par la tige se traduit par un allongement de ladite tige par rapport à l'extrémité du boítier de clapet, lequel déplacement permet de faire apparaítre pendant la durée du cycle une fente par laquelle est éj ectée une quantité de carburant déterminée.According to the invention, the fuel injection device is of the type comprising a transducer housing and a valve housing coaxially connected, through which is inserted a transducer elastically secured to a rod. The rod is formed directly in the extension of the transducer and includes a reduction in section allowing amplification of the deformations caused by the transducer. In addition, the rod forms a narrow annular channel with the valve housing substantially at the connection between the two housings, the part having a narrowing section being inserted into the valve housing up to the end of said housing where a seat is formed on which are supported means shutters such as a valve elastically integral with the rod. The valve housing has a channel for supplying liquid under high pressure, this liquid being able to circulate towards the housing of transducer through the narrow annular channel with a flow limitation causing a pressure drop for the liquid in the transducer housing. The liquid circulates until to a liquid outlet channel from the transducer housing, so that the variation in pressure applied to the apparent section corresponding to the variation in section of the rod generates a pressing force on the rod and recalls the valve with proportional intensity at the supply pressure. The valve is also recalled against the seat, in the absence of force pressure, by elastic return means formed by an elastic material and damper inserted in the transducer housing and exerting a force directed towards the channel outlet on the integral assembly formed by the shutter means, the rod and the transducer. The transducer is controlled in duration and intensity by the electronic control system motor, the vibration at ultrasonic frequencies of the transducer generating a mode deformation alternating in contraction and expansion in the rod, so that with each cycle of vibration, the expansion undergone by the rod results in an elongation of said rod relative to at the end of the valve housing, which displacement makes it possible to appear during the cycle time a slot through which a determined quantity of fuel is ejected.

Ainsi selon la présente invention est réalisé un dispositif d'injection dont l'ouverture au niveau du nez d'éjection est uniquement fonction de l'état dilaté ou compressé de l'aiguille formant soupape en appui au niveau du nez, la variation d'état étant générée par une source d'excitation ultrasonore commandée électriquement. Dans ce type de fonctionnement où l'ouverture se fait par déformation de l'aiguille et non plus par translation, les phénomènes d'oscillations du type masse-ressort sont supprimés. A chaque oscillation, une quantité donnée d'énergie de déformation élastique est transmise dans la tige et est dépensée en dilatation-compression avec une perte due aux relaxations internes du matériau constituant la tige, le reste de l'énergie étant absorbée par l'atténuation due à l'écrasement de la lame fluide coincée entre le nez d'éjection et la soupape formant extrémité de l'aiguille. Les oscillations se produisent à une fréquence voisine de 50 KHz ce qui permet de générer des temps d'ouverture courts et ainsi d'atomiser finement le liquide éj ecté.Thus according to the present invention is produced an injection device whose opening at the level of the ejection nose is only a function of the dilated or compressed state of the needle forming a valve resting at the level of the nose, the variation of state being generated by a source electrically controlled ultrasonic excitation. In this type of operation where the opening is made by deformation of the needle and no longer by translation, the phenomena oscillations of the mass-spring type are eliminated. At each oscillation, a quantity data of elastic deformation energy is transmitted in the rod and is expended in expansion-compression with a loss due to internal relaxations of the material constituting the rod, the rest of the energy being absorbed by the attenuation due to the crushing of the fluid blade wedged between the ejection nose and the valve forming the end of the needle. The oscillations occur at a frequency close to 50 KHz which generates times short opening times and thus finely atomize the ejected liquid.

Par ailleurs, le dispositif d'injection conforme à l'invention présente l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : Furthermore, the injection device according to the invention has one or more following characteristics:

Les moyens obturateurs sont formés par une tige dont une extrémité est solidaire élastiquement d'un élément en forme de clapet, la tige formant un prolongement direct, solidaire élastiquement dans la masse, d'un transducteur monté mobile axialement à l'intérieur du boítier de transducteur.The shutter means are formed by a rod, one end of which is integral elastically of a valve-shaped element, the rod forming a direct extension, integral elastically in the mass, with a transducer mounted movable axially at inside the transducer housing.

Les moyens obturateurs formant clapet sont rappelés de manière constante contre l'extrémité de la buse servant de siège pour le clapet par un dispositif élastique de rappel pouvant être formé dans un matériau amortissant, ce dispositif élastique et amortissant supportant l'ensemble composé par les trois éléments que sont le transducteur, la tige et le clapet, ces trois éléments étant eux-mêmes solidaires élastiquement.The shutter means forming a valve are constantly reminded against the end of the nozzle serving as a seat for the valve by an elastic return device can be formed in a damping material, this elastic and damping device supporting the assembly made up of the three elements which are the transducer, the rod and the valve, these three elements being themselves elastically integral.

Les moyens obturateurs formant clapet sont ramenés contre l'extrémité de la buse après chaque ouverture par la contraction de la tige qui suit la dilatation de la tige au cours de chaque cycle de vibration, le mode de déformation ainsi établi dans la tige correspondant à un mode propre de vibration de la tige solidaire du clapet.The shutter means forming a valve are brought against the end of the nozzle. after each opening by the contraction of the stem which follows the expansion of the stem during each vibration cycle, the deformation mode thus established in the rod corresponding to a proper mode of vibration of the rod integral with the valve.

Les moyens obturateurs formant clapet restent plaqués contre l'extrémité de la buse en dehors des phases de déformations de la tige et en deçà d'une certaine pression grâce au moyen de rappel élastique et amortissant ramenant l'ensemble du transducteur, de la tige et des moyens obturateurs contre l'extrémité de la buse formant un siège pour le clapet.The shutter means forming a valve remain pressed against the end of the nozzle in outside the rod deformation phases and below a certain pressure thanks to the elastic and damping return means bringing back the whole of the transducer, the rod and shutter means against the end of the nozzle forming a seat for the valve.

Les moyens obturateurs formant clapet sont contraints contre l'extrémité de la buse en dehors des phases de déformations de la tige avec une valeur proportionnelle à la pression d'alimentation de carburant grâce à la force de pression s'exerçant sur la surface apparente de la tige au niveau de sa variation de section séparant les parties haute et basse pression, permettant ainsi d'assurer une contrainte d'étanchéité adaptée quelque soit la valeur de la pression d'alimentation en carburant. The shutter means forming a valve are forced against the end of the nozzle in outside the rod deformation phases with a value proportional to the pressure fuel supply due to the pressure force exerted on the apparent surface of the rod at the level of its section variation separating the high and low pressure parts, thus ensuring an adequate sealing constraint whatever the value of the fuel supply pressure.

Le moyen de rappel élastique et amortissant servant à appliquer les moyens obturateurs contre l'extrémité de la buse et supportant l'ensemble du transducteur et de la tige est composé dans un matériau permettant d'amortir la transmission de vibrations entre le transducteur et le corps du boítier d'injection.The elastic and damping return means used to apply the means plugs against the end of the nozzle and supporting the assembly of the transducer and the rod is made of a material to dampen the transmission of vibrations between the transducer and the body of the injection box.

Le moyen de rappel élastique et amortissant servant à appliquer les moyens obturateurs contre l'extrémité de la buse permet de rattraper les jeux éventuels dus aux dilatations thermiques entre le transducteur, la tige et la buse d'injection.The elastic and damping return means used to apply the means plugs against the end of the nozzle makes it possible to make up for any play due to thermal expansion between the transducer, the rod and the injection nozzle.

Le boítier de transducteur renferme le transducteur, la tige dans sa section la plus forte et le matériau amortissant.The transducer housing contains the transducer, the rod in its strongest section and the cushioning material.

Le boítier de clapet, comportant un perçage cylindrique axial, renferme la tige dans sa section la plus faible et présente dans sa partie supérieure, au niveau de sa liaison avec le boítier de transducteur un élargissement du canal cylindrique axial, l'élargissement de ce canal correspondant au diamètre de la tige dans sa section la plus large avec un jeu très faible faisant ainsi apparaítre un canal annulaire très étroit à travers lequel s'écoule le liquide depuis la zone de forte pression située dans le boítier de clapet vers l'intérieur du boítier de transducteur puis un canal de recirculation avec un abaissement de pression lié à la limitation de débit opérée par l'étroitesse du canal annulaire.The valve housing, comprising an axial cylindrical bore, encloses the rod in its weakest section and present in its upper part, at its connection with the transducer housing a widening of the axial cylindrical channel, widening this channel corresponding to the diameter of the rod in its widest section with very little play thus making appear a very narrow annular channel through which the liquid flows from the area of high pressure located in the valve housing towards the interior of the transducer then a recirculation channel with a pressure reduction linked to the limitation of flow operated by the narrowness of the annular channel.

Un limiteur de débit à l'éjection est placé à l'intérieur de la buse dans l'espace annulaire compris entre la tige et la surface cylindrique interne de la buse de sorte que lors de l'éjection du fluide, le flux de liquide traversant la buse est défini de façon précise par l'espace compris entre la tige et le limiteur de débit.An ejection flow limiter is placed inside the nozzle in the space annular between the rod and the internal cylindrical surface of the nozzle so that when ejection of the fluid, the flow of liquid passing through the nozzle is precisely defined by the space between the rod and the flow limiter.

Les moyens de mise en vibration cyclique de la tige sont formés par un transducteur comportant un système d'amplification mécanique et solidaire directement de la tige pour lui transmettre les déformations amplifiées. The means for cyclically vibrating the rod are formed by a transducer comprising a mechanical amplification system and directly attached to the rod for it transmit the amplified deformations.

Le deuxième organe se compose d'un boítier de transducteur 15 présentant une cavité intérieure 10, un canal d'amenée du liquide sous haute pression 16 se prolongeant directement dans le boítier de clapet sans communiquer avec la cavité 10, un canal de sortie 31 évacuant le carburant s'écoulant depuis l'intérieur du boítier de clapet sous haute pression vers la cavité intérieure 10 à travers le limiteur de débit 33 de sorte que la limitation de débit engendre un abaissement de pression du liquide s'écoulant dans la cavité 10 vers le canal de circulation de carburant 31.The second member consists of a transducer housing 15 having a cavity interior 10, a channel for supplying the liquid under high pressure 16 extending directly in the valve housing without communicating with the cavity 10, an outlet channel 31 evacuating the fuel flowing from the inside of the valve housing under high pressure to the cavity inside 10 through the flow limiter 33 so that the flow limitation generates a lowering of pressure of the liquid flowing in the cavity 10 towards the circulation channel of fuel 31.

Le troisième organe est constitué par une tige 4 formée directement dans le prolongement du transducteur 1, l'ensemble étant logé mobile axialement à travers le boítier de transducteur 15, la tige 4 dans sa partie inférieure 25 étant logée mobile axialement à l'intérieur de la buse 3. La tige 4 comprend à son extrémité inférieure 6 une pièce 7 formant clapet, le clapet étant solidaire de la tige 4 par l'intermédiaire d'une zone de solidarisation élastique 8. L'extrémité 6 de la tige 4 supporte le clapet 7 qui est adapté pour venir en contact avec la surface inférieure de la buse 3 définissant le siège 5 dudit clapet. La tige 4 présente une première partie 24 de fort diamètre par laquelle elle est reliée au transducteur 1, cette partie 24 se prolongeant par une autre partie de plus faible diamètre 25, supportant à son extrémité 6 le clapet 7 et insérée mobile axialement dans le boítier de clapet 30.The third member is constituted by a rod 4 formed directly in the extension of the transducer 1, the assembly being housed axially movable through the housing transducer 15, the rod 4 in its lower part 25 being housed axially movable at the interior of the nozzle 3. The rod 4 comprises at its lower end 6 a part 7 forming valve, the valve being integral with the rod 4 by means of a connection zone elastic 8. The end 6 of the rod 4 supports the valve 7 which is adapted to come into contact with the lower surface of the nozzle 3 defining the seat 5 of said valve. Rod 4 has a first portion 24 of large diameter by which it is connected to the transducer 1, this part 24 extending by another part of smaller diameter 25, supporting at its end 6 the valve 7 and inserted axially movable in the valve housing 30.

Le boítier de clapet 30 et le boítier de transducteur 15 sont reliés de manière étanche et selon le même axe par un moyen de contrainte tel qu'un écrou raccord 28.The valve housing 30 and the transducer housing 15 are tightly connected and along the same axis by a constraint means such as a union nut 28.

Le transducteur 1, inséré dans le boítier de transducteur 15, présente un épaulement 12, correspondant à sa variation de section avec la tige 4. Cet épaulement 12 repose sur un élément d'appui 9, composé dans un matériau amortissant et élastique. Lorsque cet élément d'appui est précontraint, il exerce alors une force orientée vers le canal de sortie 31 sur la tige 4 permettant ainsi d'appliquer le clapet 7 sur son siège 5 avec une force de valeur constante. The transducer 1, inserted in the transducer housing 15, has a shoulder 12, corresponding to its variation in section with the rod 4. This shoulder 12 rests on a support element 9, made of a shock absorbing and elastic material. When this element support is prestressed, it then exerts a force directed towards the outlet channel 31 on the rod 4 thus making it possible to apply the valve 7 to its seat 5 with a force of constant value.

Dans sa partie basse, le boítier de transducteur 15 présente un perçage coaxial 11 dans lequel sont insérés des éléments de guidage 27 assurant un maintient de la tige 4 selon l'axe commun des boítiers.In its lower part, the transducer housing 15 has a coaxial bore 11 in which are inserted guide elements 27 ensuring a maintenance of the rod 4 along the axis common enclosures.

Le montage du dispositif d'injection selon l'invention est réalisé de la façon suivante : le transducteur 1 et la tige 4 solidaires sont insérés à travers la zone de guidage 27 jusqu'à ce que l'extrémité 6 de la tige 4 atteigne la zone du siège 5. Une précontrainte d'une valeur fixée est exercée entre le transducteur 1 et le boítier 15, laquelle précontrainte se traduit par une contraction du matériau 9 et une translation supplémentaire de la tige 4 par rapport au transducteur 1. La tige 4 est alors maintenue mécaniquement dans cette position, et le clapet 7 est alors solidarisé avec la tige 4 dans la zone 8. La pièce 9 exerce une force de rappel élastique tendant à écarter le transducteur 1 de la buse 3 ce qui entraíne l'application de l'extrémité 6 et du clapet 7, solidaires du transducteur 1, contre le siège 5 de la buse d'éjection 3 et le rattrapage d'usure éventuelle dans la zone de contact du clapet.The assembly of the injection device according to the invention is carried out as follows: the integral transducer 1 and rod 4 are inserted through the guide zone 27 until that the end 6 of the rod 4 reaches the seat area 5. A preload of a fixed value is exerted between the transducer 1 and the housing 15, which prestress results in a contraction of the material 9 and an additional translation of the rod 4 relative to the transducer 1. The rod 4 is then mechanically held in this position, and the valve 7 is then secured to the rod 4 in the zone 8. The part 9 exerts a restoring force elastic tending to separate the transducer 1 from the nozzle 3 which causes the application of the end 6 and of the valve 7, integral with the transducer 1, against the seat 5 of the ejection nozzle 3 and the possible wear compensation in the contact area of the valve.

Les moyens obturateurs comme le clapet 7 peuvent être solidarisés sur l'extrémité 6 de la tige 4 par l'intermédiaire d'un filetage formé dans la zone 8, le filetage s'arrêtant sur un épaulement 29, visible sur la figure 2, formé dans la tige 4, de sorte que le clapet 7 peut être vissé en appui contre l'épaulement 29 avec une valeur de contrainte au serrage supérieure aux contraintes subies par le clapet 7 lors de son contact sur le siège 5 au cours de son mouvement oscillant.The shutter means such as the valve 7 can be secured to the end 6 of the rod 4 by means of a thread formed in the zone 8, the thread stopping on a shoulder 29, visible in FIG. 2, formed in the rod 4, so that the valve 7 can be screwed in abutment against the shoulder 29 with a tightening stress value greater than stresses undergone by the valve 7 when it contacts the seat 5 during its movement oscillating.

Les moyens obturateurs comme le clapet 7 peuvent également être solidarisés élastiquement de part et d'autre de l'extrémité 6 de la tige 4 dans la zone 8 par un soudage laser ou faisceau d'électrons le long de la circonférence de l'épaulement 29 ainsi que le long de la circonférence de l'embase 32 du clapet 7. The shutter means such as the valve 7 can also be secured elastically on either side of the end 6 of the rod 4 in the zone 8 by welding laser or electron beam along the circumference of the shoulder 29 as well as along the circumference of the base 32 of the valve 7.

Les moyens obturateurs tels que le clapet 7 peuvent être constitués dans un matériau différent de celui de la tige 4. En particulier, on peut associer une tige 4 en titane, ayant des capacités de déformations élastiques accrues par rapport à des aciers, avec un clapet en alliage fortement alliés ayant une forte résistance à l'abrasion et aux chocs élastiques en surface.The shutter means such as the valve 7 can be made of a material different from that of rod 4. In particular, it is possible to associate a rod 4 made of titanium, having increased elastic deformation capacities compared to steels, with an alloy valve highly alloyed with high resistance to abrasion and elastic surface shocks.

Lorsque le liquide est mis sous pression dans le boítier de clapet 30, cette pression s'exerce sur la section apparente 23 due à la variation de section de la tige 4, et une partie du liquide s'écoule à travers le limiteur de débit 33. La partie de liquide s'écoulant à travers le limiteur de débit 33, dans la cavité 10 du boítier de transducteur 1, circule vers le canal de sortie 31 qui est relié à une enceinte sous pression atmosphérique, le carburant de cette enceinte étant repris par un circuit de distribution sous pression, notamment par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe, de sorte que le débit de la pompe étant très supérieure au débit autorisé par la section de passage 33, il apparaít de part et d'autre de la zone de variation de section 22, c'est-à-dire entre le boítier de clapet 30 et le boítier de transducteur 15, une différence de pression réglée par la pompe.When the liquid is pressurized in the valve housing 30, this pressure is exerted on the apparent section 23 due to the variation in section of the rod 4, and part of the liquid flows through the flow restrictor 33. The portion of liquid flows through the flow limiter 33, in the cavity 10 of the transducer housing 1, flows towards the channel outlet 31 which is connected to an atmospheric pressure enclosure, the fuel for this enclosure being taken up by a pressure distribution circuit, in particular by through a pump, so that the flow rate of the pump is much greater than the flow rate authorized by the passage section 33, it appears on both sides of the variation zone of section 22, that is to say between the valve housing 30 and the transducer housing 15, a pressure difference set by the pump.

La circulation à basse pression du liquide dans la cavité 10 permet d'absorber le flux thermique éventuel généré par le transducteur 1, et ainsi, de maintenir la cavité 10 et le transducteur 1 dans une plage de température donnée, de sorte que le rendement électromécanique du transducteur 1 demeure constant dans cette plage de température et permet une excellente régularité de fonctionnement.The low pressure circulation of the liquid in the cavity 10 makes it possible to absorb the flow possible thermal generated by the transducer 1, and thus, to maintain the cavity 10 and the transducer 1 within a given temperature range, so that the efficiency electromechanical transducer 1 remains constant in this temperature range and allows excellent regularity of operation.

La surface de la section apparente 23 est supérieure à la section du perçage axial 34 au niveau du siège 5 du clapet 7 de sorte que la force de pression exercée sur la surface apparente du clapet 7 dans le sens d'une ouverture du clapet est compensée par une force opposée s'exerçant sur la section apparente 23 et permet ainsi de maintenir le clapet 7 en contact sur son siège 5 quelque soit la valeur de la pression d'alimentation du carburant. The surface of the visible section 23 is greater than the section of the axial bore 34 at level of the seat 5 of the valve 7 so that the pressure force exerted on the apparent surface of the valve 7 in the direction of opening the valve is compensated by an opposite force acting on the visible section 23 and thus makes it possible to keep the valve 7 in contact with its seat 5 whatever the value of the fuel supply pressure.

Le transducteur 1 est dimensionné pour transmettre un maximum de contraintes au niveau de la jonction 12 avec la tige 4, ce maximum de contraintes correspondant à un minimum d'amplitude de vibration pour le matériau.The transducer 1 is dimensioned to transmit a maximum of constraints to the level of the junction 12 with the rod 4, this maximum of constraints corresponding to a minimum amplitude of vibration for the material.

Le transducteur 1 comporte une zone 17, constituée de composants actifs piézo-électriques ou magnétostrictifs, qui, respectivement sous l'application d'un champ électrique ou magnétique se déforment en épaisseur. Cette partie 17 est prise en sandwich entre deux autres éléments 18 et 19 constitués d'un matériau élastique. La liaison entre les éléments 17, 18, et 19 est assurée par des moyens de précontrainte telle qu'une vis 20. L'empilement de plusieurs composants actifs 17 permet d'additionner les déformations en épaisseur générées par chacun des anneaux, la déformation résultante du déplacement total de l'empilement d'anneaux restant en dessous de la limite de déformation élastique du moyen de précontrainte 20. La réduction du diamètre de la partie 19 à la partie 24 permet d'amplifier les déformations longitudinales générées dans la partie 19 jusque dans la zone 8.The transducer 1 has a zone 17, made up of active piezoelectric components or magnetostrictive, which respectively under the application of an electric field or magnetic deform in thickness. This part 17 is sandwiched between two other elements 18 and 19 made of an elastic material. The connection between the elements 17, 18, and 19 is provided by prestressing means such as a screw 20. The stack of several active components 17 makes it possible to add the thickness deformations generated by each of the rings, the deformation resulting from the total displacement of the stack of rings remaining below the elastic deformation limit of the prestressing means 20. Reducing the diameter of part 19 to part 24 makes it possible to amplify the deformations longitudinal generated in part 19 up to zone 8.

Le calculateur de contrôle moteur envoie deux impulsions correspondant au début et à la fin de l'injection. Pendant cette durée, un générateur de fréquence ultrasonore envoie un train d'onde (niveau 5V) à une fréquence donnée en entrée d'un amplificateur, lequel permet d'attaquer les céramiques piézo-électriques en tension alternative (de l'ordre de +-60V ) à la même fréquence ultrasonore pendant la durée d'injection.The engine control computer sends two pulses corresponding to the start and to the end of the injection. During this time, an ultrasonic frequency generator sends a wave train (level 5V) at a given frequency at the input of an amplifier, which allows attack the piezoelectric ceramics with alternating voltage (of the order of + -60V) at the same ultrasonic frequency during the injection period.

Sous l'application d'une tension électrique sur les électrodes des céramiques piézo-électriques, celles-ci se déforment et engendrent une contrainte élastique qui se transmet dans la tige 4 jusqu'à l'extrémité 6 où sont situés les moyens obturateurs 7.Under the application of an electric voltage on the electrodes of piezoelectric ceramics, these deform and generate an elastic stress which is transmitted in the rod 4 up to the end 6 where the shutter means 7 are located.

L'ensemble composé du transducteur 1 et de la tige 4 est dimensionné pour résonner à la fréquence d'excitation des composants actifs 17 et pour amplifier les déplacements longitudinaux jusqu'au niveau de l'extrémité inférieure de la tige 4. The assembly composed of the transducer 1 and the rod 4 is dimensioned to resonate with the excitation frequency of the active components 17 and to amplify the displacements longitudinal to the level of the lower end of the rod 4.

La tige 4, obturant initialement l'ouverture 21 par son extrémité formant clapet 7, se déforme sous l'impulsion qui lui est fournie lorsque le transducteur est excité électriquement. Cette déformation se répartit élastiquement sur toute la longueur de la tige 4 selon le mode propre de déformation correspondant à la fréquence de l'excitation électrique. Les réflexions à l'extrémité de la tige 4, où s'opère l'éjection, permettent de faire osciller l'extrémité 6 avec le clapet 7 et ainsi de faire apparaítre l'ouverture 21 de manière cyclique à travers laquelle est éjecté le liquide sous pression.The rod 4, initially closing the opening 21 by its end forming a valve 7, is deforms under the impulse provided to it when the transducer is electrically excited. This deformation is distributed elastically over the entire length of the rod 4 according to the mode proper deformation corresponding to the frequency of electrical excitation. Reflections to the end of the rod 4, where the ejection takes place, allow the end 6 to oscillate with the valve 7 and thus to reveal the opening 21 cyclically through which is ejected the liquid under pressure.

L'ouverture de la fente annulaire 21 est donc oscillante et égale à l'amplitude de vibration du clapet 7 par rapport à l'extrémité 6 de la tige 4. La fréquence d'ouverture de la fente dépend alors de la fréquence d'excitation choisie pour le transducteur 1.The opening of the annular slot 21 is therefore oscillating and equal to the amplitude of vibration of the valve 7 relative to the end 6 of the rod 4. The opening frequency of the slit then depends on the excitation frequency chosen for the transducer 1.

Le temps d'ouverture minimum du dispositif d'injection est du même ordre que la période d'excitation appliquée au transducteur 1, laquelle excitation peut se faire à quelques dizaines de kilohertz, typiquement 50 kHz, ce qui autorise des temps d'ouverture minimum de l'ordre de 20 µs. Ceci permet de délivrer des micro-quantités de liquide pendant un laps de temps réduit par rapport aux dispositifs d'injection plus classiques où le temps minimum pour opérer l'ouverture et la fermeture du nez d'injection est plutôt de l'ordre de 300 µs.The minimum opening time of the injection device is of the same order as the excitation period applied to transducer 1, which excitation can take place at a few tens of kilohertz, typically 50 kHz, which allows minimum opening times of around 20 µs. This makes it possible to deliver micro-quantities of liquid during a period of reduced time compared to more conventional injection devices where the minimum time for operating the opening and closing of the injection nose is rather of the order of 300 μs.

L'alimentation en carburant du moteur est du type multipoint à commande électronique par lequel chaque chambre de combustion est alimentée directement en carburant par au moins un injecteur de carburant débouchant dans la chambre.The fuel supply to the engine is of the multipoint type with control electronics by which each combustion chamber is supplied directly with fuel by at least one fuel injector opening into the chamber.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'injecteur objet de la présente invention, le transducteur 1 comprend un cylindre 18 en acier de diamètre 20 mm et hauteur 25 mm comportant dans sa partie supérieure un axe fileté 20.According to a particular embodiment of the injector object of the present invention, the transducer 1 comprises a cylinder 18 in steel with a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 25 mm comprising in its upper part a threaded pin 20.

L'axe fileté 20 du cylindre 18 permet de précontraindre des anneaux de céramiques piézo-électriques (diamètre externe 20 mm, diamètre interne 6 mm, épaisseur 2 mm) entre le cylindres 18 et la partie émettrice 19. Les céramiques sont disposées avec des polarisations anti-parallèles, des électrodes 13 étant interposées entre chaque paire de céramique.The threaded axis 20 of the cylinder 18 makes it possible to prestress ceramic rings piezoelectric (external diameter 20 mm, internal diameter 6 mm, thickness 2 mm) between the cylinders 18 and the emitting part 19. The ceramics are arranged with polarizations anti-parallel, electrodes 13 being interposed between each pair of ceramics.

Une tige 4 en titane usinée dans le prolongement du transducteur 1 est insérée à travers les boítiers de transducteur 15 et de clapet 30 et reçoit ensuite à son extrémité 6 un clapet 7 de forme conique en acier solidarisé élastiquement dans la zone 8 .A titanium rod 4 machined in the extension of the transducer 1 is inserted through the transducer 15 and valve 30 housings and then receives at its end 6 a valve 7 of conical shape in steel which is elastically secured in zone 8.

L'élasticité du matériau 9 est choisi de sorte qu'il permette de rattraper des variations de longueur entre la tige 4 et la buse 3 dues à des dilatations thermiques sans modification effective de la valeur de la précontrainte assurant l'étanchéité.The elasticity of the material 9 is chosen so that it allows variations to be caught up length between rod 4 and nozzle 3 due to thermal expansion without modification effective value of the prestress ensuring watertightness.

La masse du transducteur 1 et la rigidité de la rondelle 9 sont choisies pour former un système ayant un temps de réponse très grand par rapport aux durées d'excitation du transducteur 1 de l'ordre de 1 à 20 milisecondes au maximum.The mass of the transducer 1 and the rigidity of the washer 9 are chosen to form a system with a very long response time compared to the excitation times of the transducer 1 of the order of 1 to 20 ms or less.

Lorsque l'on applique une tension variable de l'ordre de 60 Volts aux bornes des céramiques par l'intermédiaire des électrodes communes 13, les céramiques se déforment en épaisseur et les déformations se transmettent dans l'ensemble de la structure.When a variable voltage of around 60 Volts is applied across the terminals of ceramics via the common electrodes 13, the ceramics deform in thickness and deformations are transmitted throughout the structure.

L'amplitude d'oscillation pour une tension de 60 Volts appliqués sur chaque électrode est voisine de 20 microns, laissant ainsi une ouverture 5 générant un film fluide dont l'épaisseur est du même ordre (20 microns). Ce film fluide est fragmenté par la fermeture de l'ouverture 21 qui intervient au bout d'un temps très court (toutes les 20µs).The amplitude of oscillation for a voltage of 60 Volts applied to each electrode is close to 20 microns, thus leaving an opening 5 generating a fluid film of which the thickness is of the same order (20 microns). This fluid film is fragmented by the closure of opening 21 which occurs after a very short time (every 20 µs).

Le dispositif permet ainsi de générer, selon les besoins, de très fines gouttelettes. La modulation de l'amplitude de l'ouverture 21 permet de moduler la taille des gouttes et ainsi le débit avec des temps de réponse de l'ordre de 20 µs.The device thus makes it possible to generate, as required, very fine droplets. The modulation of the amplitude of the opening 21 makes it possible to modulate the size of the drops and thus the flow rate with response times of the order of 20 µs.

Lorsque l'on commande un déplacement du clapet 7 au delà d'une valeur seuil, la section débitante par l'ouverture 21 est supérieure à celle du limiteur de débit 26 et le débit de l'injecteur est alors fonction de la pression et de la section de passage du limiteur de débit 26. Les quantités injectées sont contrôlées précisément par le nombre de cycles d'ouverture et la taille des gouttes par la valeur du déplacement.When controlling movement of the valve 7 beyond a threshold value, the flow section through the opening 21 is greater than that of the flow limiter 26 and the flow of the injector is then a function of the pressure and of the flow section of the flow limiter 26. The quantities injected are precisely controlled by the number of opening cycles and the drop size by displacement value.

Lorsque l'on commande un déplacement du clapet 7 en dessous de la valeur seuil citée plus haut, la section débitante par l'ouverture 21 est inférieure à celle du limiteur de débit 26 et le débit instantané de l'injecteur est alors fonction à chaque oscillation de la pression et de la section de passage générée par l'ouverture 21. Les quantités injectées sont contrôlées dans ce cas par l'amplitude de déplacement et par le nombre d'oscillations commandées, la quantité minimale injectée peut encore être réduite et le taux de nébulisation du liquide augmenté.When a movement of the valve 7 is commanded below the mentioned threshold value higher, the flow section through the opening 21 is less than that of the flow limiter 26 and the instantaneous flow of the injector is then a function at each oscillation of the pressure and the passage section generated by the opening 21. The quantities injected are controlled in this case by the amplitude of displacement and by the number of oscillations ordered, the quantity minimum injected can be further reduced and the rate of nebulization of the liquid increased.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est nullement limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et illustrés qui n'ont été donnés qu'à titre d'exemple. Au contraire, l'invention comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci sont effectuées selon son esprit.Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described and illustrated which have been given only by way of example. On the contrary, the invention includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these are done according to his mind.

Claims (9)

  1. A fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine, of the type comprising an injection housing supplied with fuel ending in an injection nozzle, a transducer (1) for cyclical vibration disposed within the housing and shutter means (7) disposed at the end of the nozzle (3) and recalled by elastic recall means against this end, the elastic recall means being formed by a rod (4) which is rigid with the transducer (1) and rigidly connects the shutter means (7) to the transducer (1), and damping means (9) for the rigid assembly formed by the transducer (1), the rod (4) and the shutter means (7), the vibration of the transducer (1) generating an alternating deformation in contraction and expansion in the rod (4), characterised in that the rod (4) comprises a reduction of section (23) making it possible to amplify the deformations generated by the transducer (1) and in that the rod (4) is disposed at least partially in an axial hole (34) of the injection housing, the surface of the apparent section of the reduction of section (23) being greater than the surface of the apparent section of the axial hole (34) containing the rod (4) at the location of the end of the nozzle (3).
  2. A fuel injection device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the rod (4) is formed directly as a prolongation of the transducer (1).
  3. A fuel injection device as claimed in claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the injection housing comprises a transducer housing (15) and a valve housing (30), the valve housing (30) forming, at one of its ends, the nozzle (3) and being traversed by the axial hole (34), the two housings (15, 30) being coaxially connected.
  4. A fuel injection device as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the valve housing (30) is supplied at high pressure with fuel and flows, in the transducer housing (15), via a narrow channel forming a flow limiter (33) imposing a reduction of the fuel pressure, the fuel then circulating to a discharge duct (31).
  5. A fuel injection device as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that the narrow channel forming a flow limiter (33) is formed by the rod (4) and the axial hole (34) at the level of the reduction of the section surface (23) of the rod (4).
  6. A fuel injection device as claimed in claims 4 or 5, characterised in that when the fuel is pressurised in the valve housing (30), this pressure is exerted on the apparent section of the section reduction (23), and a portion of the fuel flows through the flow limiter (33) into the transducer housing (15) in order to circulate towards the discharge duct (31) up to a chamber at atmospheric pressure, the fuel contained in this chamber being taken up by a pressurised distribution circuit, in particular by means of a pump, the flow rate of the pump being much greater than the flow rate enabled by the flow limiter (33) such that a pressure difference regulated by the pump appears on either side of the zone of reduction of section (23).
  7. A fuel injection device as claimed in claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the low pressure circulation of the fuel in the transducer housing (15) makes it possible to absorb any thermal flux generated by the transducer (1) and thus to maintain the transducer housing (15) and the transducer (1) in a given temperature range, such that the electro-mechanical performance of the transducer (1) remains constant in this temperature range.
  8. A fuel injection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the shutter means (7), in particular a valve, may be made rigid on the end (6) of the rod (4) by means of a thread, the thread ending at a shoulder (29) formed in the rod (4) such that the shutter means (7) may be screwed to bear against the shoulder (29) with a clamping force value greater than the forces to which the shutter means (7) are subject when in contact with the end of the nozzle (3) during its oscillating movement.
  9. A fuel injection device as claimed in claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the shutter means (7) are traversed by the end (6) of the rod (4) and come to bear on a shoulder (29) formed in the rod (4), the end (6) projecting with respect to a base (32) of the shutter means (7), and in that the shutter means (7) are made rigid on the rod (4) by welding, in particular laser or electron beam welding, along the circumference of the shoulder (29) and along the circumference of the base (32) of the valve (7).
EP01980605A 2000-10-27 2001-10-19 Internal combustion engine fuel injecting device Expired - Lifetime EP1336050B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0013826 2000-10-27
FR0013826A FR2816008B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2000-10-27 FUEL INJECTION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
PCT/FR2001/003244 WO2002035086A1 (en) 2000-10-27 2001-10-19 Internal combustion engine fuel injecting device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1336050A1 EP1336050A1 (en) 2003-08-20
EP1336050B1 true EP1336050B1 (en) 2004-07-07

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01980605A Expired - Lifetime EP1336050B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2001-10-19 Internal combustion engine fuel injecting device

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EP (1) EP1336050B1 (en)
DE (1) DE60104210T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2219570T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2816008B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002035086A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK200201605A (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-04-23 Hans Jensen Lubricators As Valve for mounting in cylinder wall
FR2854664B1 (en) 2003-05-09 2006-06-30 Renault Sa FLUID INJECTION DEVICE
DK177669B1 (en) 2012-09-25 2014-02-10 Hans Jensen Lubricators As Injection nozzle for use in oil injection of oil for lubrication of cylinders in larger engines and use thereof
DE102015222035B4 (en) * 2015-11-10 2017-09-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Injection valve with piezo direct drive and operating method

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2721100A (en) * 1951-11-13 1955-10-18 Jr Albert G Bodine High frequency injector valve
GB1262271A (en) 1968-02-05 1972-02-02 Turnbull Marine Design Ship tail-shaft bearing assembly
DE3010985A1 (en) 1980-03-21 1981-10-01 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE WITH ADDITIONAL FUEL SPRAYING
FR2488655A2 (en) * 1980-08-18 1982-02-19 Rockwell International Corp FUEL INJECTOR EQUIPPED WITH A ULTRA-SOUND VIBRATION RETENTION CHECK, IN PARTICULAR FOR A DIESEL ENGINE
US5025766A (en) 1987-08-24 1991-06-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Fuel injection valve and fuel supply system equipped therewith for internal combustion engines
US5330100A (en) 1992-01-27 1994-07-19 Igor Malinowski Ultrasonic fuel injector
DE19701288C2 (en) 1997-01-16 1999-10-14 Daimler Benz Ag Valve for dispensing fluids
GB2327982B (en) * 1997-08-07 2000-12-06 Lotus Car An internal combustion engine with fuel injection means and a method of delivering gasoline fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
FR2792369B1 (en) 1999-04-15 2001-05-11 Renault FUEL INJECTION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2219570T3 (en) 2004-12-01
FR2816008B1 (en) 2003-02-07
WO2002035086A1 (en) 2002-05-02
DE60104210T2 (en) 2005-08-04
EP1336050A1 (en) 2003-08-20
FR2816008A1 (en) 2002-05-03
DE60104210D1 (en) 2004-08-12

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