EP3006718B1 - Liquid atomisation device - Google Patents
Liquid atomisation device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3006718B1 EP3006718B1 EP15188632.2A EP15188632A EP3006718B1 EP 3006718 B1 EP3006718 B1 EP 3006718B1 EP 15188632 A EP15188632 A EP 15188632A EP 3006718 B1 EP3006718 B1 EP 3006718B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- needle
- liquid
- excitation means
- free end
- atomization device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000009688 liquid atomisation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
- F02M43/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M69/041—Injectors peculiar thereto having vibrating means for atomizing the fuel, e.g. with sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/21—Fuel-injection apparatus with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive elements
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to the atomization of a liquid, that is to say the reduction of a liquid into a jet of fine droplets.
- the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the production of fuel injectors or foggers.
- An " indirect injection” internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the fuel injection is not done in the cylinders of the engine block, but upstream of them, in the inlet ducts of the engine block. air in the cylinders.
- This type of engine is particularly used in electric vehicles equipped with heat engines having a simple function of range extender (better known by the term " range extender” ).
- the heat engine is coupled to an alternator that charges the main storage battery of the vehicle when the charge level of this battery is too low.
- the motor is then always used at a quasi-stationary regime, in which its performance is optimal.
- EP2060774A1 discloses such an injector.
- To manufacture a fogger it is known to use a nozzle in which the water reaches a moderate pressure and which has at its end a membrane pierced with a plurality of orifices of small diameters. The membrane is then excited at an ultrasonic frequency so as to inject the water in the form of a cloud of fine droplets.
- the present invention proposes a new atomization device, which can be used both in the form of a fuel injector and in the form of a misting device, and which does not have the aforementioned drawbacks of the state of the technical.
- an atomization device as defined in the introduction, wherein said needle has an inner pipe which opens on its free end, and there is provided a gas inlet which communicates with said pipe interior.
- a rear cover which is fixed to the sheath so as to define therewith a cavity in which the excitation means are housed, the inner pipe communicating with said cavity by means of a duct which passes axially through the excitation means.
- the jet of nebulized liquid meets the jet of gas, which makes it possible to disperse the jet of nebulized liquid in the desired direction, at the desired speed. Fine droplets of liquid are said to be atomized.
- FIG. 1 On the figure 1 , there is shown a device 1 for atomizing liquid.
- This atomizing device 1 may be used to provide a misting function, in which case this liquid will be water.
- This atomizing device 1 may also be used to provide a fuel injector function, in which case this liquid will be fuel.
- this atomizing device 1 mainly comprises a sheath (hereinafter called nozzle 2), a needle 10 mounted in the nozzle 2, means 20 for exciting the needle 10 and a liquid inlet 30.
- the nozzle 2 has a bore 5 which opens at one end through a spray orifice 4. It is through this spray orifice 4 that the liquid will be ejected.
- This end of the nozzle 2 will be called the front end. More generally, in the description, the terms “front” and “back” will be used with respect to the direction of ejection of the liquid, the front of an element designating the side of this element which is turned in the direction ejection and the rear designating the side of this element that is turned away.
- the needle 10 and the nozzle 2 have such shapes that they define, around the free end 11 before the needle 10, a cavity 31 which communicates with the liquid inlet 30 and which therefore forms a reservoir of liquid.
- the excitation means 20 are then provided to vibrate the needle 10 between its closed and open positions, so that the liquid contained in the cavity 31 can be regularly ejected from the atomizing device 1 through the Spray orifice 4.
- the atomizing device 1 comprises a gas inlet 40 which communicates with an inner pipe 12 which passes through the needle 10 and which opens out on the free end 11 before the needle 10.
- the gases arriving in the atomizing device 1 by the gas inlet 40 are then provided to rush into the inner pipe 12 in order to lead through the spray orifice 4.
- these gases will divert the liquid particles ejected through the spray orifice 4, in the direction and at the desired speed.
- the gas used will generally be compressed air.
- the nozzle 2 has an outer cylindrical shape of revolution about a longitudinal axis A1.
- Its bore 5 has a central portion 9 of cylindrical shape of revolution about the longitudinal axis A1.
- the bore 5 On the side of the front end of the nozzle 2, the bore 5 has a front portion 6 whose section is gradually reduced to the spray orifice 4, so that the spray orifice 4 has a smaller diameter to that of the central portion 9 of the bore 5.
- This front portion 6 has a frustoconical shape of revolution about the longitudinal axis A1. Its function is to provide a support abutment for the free end before 11 of the needle 10. It will henceforth be called seat 6.
- the bore 5 On the side of the rear end of the nozzle 2, the bore 5 has a section enlargement 7 whose inner face is cylindrical in revolution about the longitudinal axis A1.
- a ring 8 is mounted in force in this enlargement of section 7, which ensures its immobilization.
- This ring 8 delimits a cylindrical inner duct of revolution about the longitudinal axis A1, through which is threaded the needle 10, of internal diameter equal to the diameter of the spray orifice 4.
- the needle 10 is housed inside the bore 5 of the nozzle 2.
- a central portion 13 is cylindrical of revolution about the longitudinal axis A1.
- This central portion 13 of the needle 10 is extended at the rear by a frustoconical portion 15 whose section is gradually reduced, then by a cylindrical end portion 14 of revolution about the longitudinal axis A1.
- the end portion 14 and the central portion 13 of the needle 10 respectively have a diameter equal to the operating clearance, to the inner diameter of the ring 8 and the central portion 9 of the bore 5, which ensures the sliding without play of the needle 10 in the nozzle 2.
- the free end 11 before the needle 10 has a frustoconical shape of revolution about the longitudinal axis A1, which substantially matches the shape of the seat 6.
- the needle 10 finally has, between its free end before 11 and its central portion 13, a hook which delimits with the bore 5 of the nozzle 2 the cavity 31 of liquid.
- the frustoconical portion 15 of the needle 10 defines with the bore 5 a second cavity 32 which contains liquid.
- This second cavity 32 communicates with the first cavity 31, for example via grooves provided in the outer face of the central portion 13 of the needle 10.
- the liquid inlet 30 comprises a connection 33 which is fixed on the outer face of the nozzle 2 and which communicates with the second cavity 32 via a duct 34 which passes through the lateral wall of the nozzle 2.
- the atomizing device 1 comprises a rear cover 3 which is fixed to the rear of the nozzle 2 and which delimits therewith a chamber 41 in which these excitation means 20 are housed.
- this rear cover 3 has a tube shape open at a front end and closed at a rear end. It is fitted by its front end open on the nozzle 2, so as to be attached thereto in a sealed manner.
- the excitation means 20 housed in the chamber 41 are then provided to axially vibrate the needle 10 at an ultrasonic frequency.
- these excitation means 20 comprise for this purpose a support 21 and a piezoelectric transducer 22.
- the support 21 has a central shaft 24 which is cylindrical of revolution about the longitudinal axis A1 and which is bordered at mid-length by a disc 25 in the form of flat disk and thin.
- the piezoelectric transducer 22 is fixed to this ring 25, here on the rear face thereof. It presents for this purpose a flattened ring shape.
- This piezoelectric transducer 22 is intended to be electrically controlled, between an inactive state in which it is not deformed, and an active state in which it periodically deforms at an ultrasonic frequency.
- this piezoelectric transducer 22 makes it possible to bend the ring 25 periodically forwards and backwards, so that the excitation means 20 move back and forth along the axis longitudinal A1.
- the front end of the central shaft 24 of the support 21 has a threaded bore 26 in which is screwed a threaded portion provided at the rear end of the needle 10.
- return means 50 which automatically remind the needle 10 in the closed position when the excitation means 20 are inactive.
- these return means are mechanical and are more precisely formed by a compression spring 50 which is interposed between the rear end of the central shaft 24 of the support 21 and the bottom of the rear cover 3.
- the air inlet 40 has a connector 43 which is fixed through the side wall of the rear cover 3 and which thus communicates with the chamber 41.
- the inner pipe 12, provided in the needle 10, here passes axially through the needle 10 along the longitudinal axis A1.
- the central shaft 24 of the support 21 is also traversed axially by an inner pipe 23 which extends in the extension of the inner pipe 12 of the needle 10.
- regulating means 42 for the flow of gas flowing through these inner conduits 12, 23.
- These regulating means are here formed by a valve 42 placed on the coupling 43.
- It may be a simple bistable valve 42, controlled between an open state in which the air flows in the atomizing device 1, and a closed state in which the air passage is blocked. This valve 42 can then be driven in the open state as soon as the excitation means 20 are activated.
- a valve may be used to regulate the air flow more precisely.
- the atomizing device 1 is shown in the open state.
- the needle 10 which is in the open position is therefore located at a distance from its seat 6, which makes it possible to eject liquid through the spray orifice 4.
- the atomizing device 1 is shown in the closed state.
- the needle 10 which is in the closed position, is located against its seat 6, which makes it possible to block the ejection of liquid through the spray orifice 4.
- a control unit applies electrical excitation to the piezoelectric transducer 22, which deforms and generates a movement of the needle 10 in a back and forth motion.
- This back and forth is operated at a resonant frequency which will place the needle 10 and the support 21 in ultrasound levitation relative to the seat 6.
- This displacement generates an alternation of openings and closures of the spray orifice 4 with ultrasonic frequency, which makes it possible to chop the jet of liquid and thus to nebulize the liquid as it leaves it through the spray orifice 4.
- the drops of liquid which tend to converge are spaced apart so as to diverge at a desired speed and according to a desired dispersion cone (adjustable by modifying the air flow).
- the inner pipe of the needle is bent, and opens not on the rear end of the needle but on the side thereof.
- the excitation means are not piezoelectric but electromagnetic.
- this atomization device could thus be used to manufacture a spray gun or a device for spreading and treating crops.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne de manière générale l'atomisation d'un liquide, c'est-à-dire la réduction d'un liquide en un jet de fines gouttelettes.The present invention generally relates to the atomization of a liquid, that is to say the reduction of a liquid into a jet of fine droplets.
Elle concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif d'atomisation d'un liquide, comportant :
- un fourreau dont une extrémité présente un orifice de giclage,
- une aiguille qui présente une extrémité libre tournée vers l'orifice de giclage et qui est montée mobile en translation dans le fourreau entre une position de fermeture dans laquelle son extrémité libre obture l'orifice de giclage et une position d'ouverture dans laquelle son extrémité libre libère l'orifice de giclage,
- des moyens d'excitation adaptés à faire vibrer l'aiguille entre ses positions de fermeture et d'ouverture, et
- une arrivée de liquide qui communique avec une cavité située autour de l'extrémité libre de l'aiguille.
- a sleeve whose one end has a spray orifice,
- a needle which has a free end facing the spray orifice and which is mounted to move in translation in the sheath between a closed position in which its free end closes the spray orifice and an open position in which its end free releases the spray orifice,
- excitation means adapted to vibrate the needle between its closed and open positions, and
- a liquid inlet which communicates with a cavity located around the free end of the needle.
L'invention trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse dans la réalisation d'injecteurs de carburant ou de brumisateurs.The invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the production of fuel injectors or foggers.
Un moteur à combustion interne dit « à injection indirecte » est un moteur thermique dans lequel l'injection de carburant se fait non pas dans les cylindres du bloc-moteur, mais en amont de ceux-ci, dans les conduits d'arrivée d'air dans les cylindres.An " indirect injection " internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the fuel injection is not done in the cylinders of the engine block, but upstream of them, in the inlet ducts of the engine block. air in the cylinders.
On utilise notamment ce type de moteurs dans les véhicules électriques équipés de moteurs thermiques ayant une simple fonction de prolongateur d'autonomie (plus connus sous l'expression anglaise de « range extender »).This type of engine is particularly used in electric vehicles equipped with heat engines having a simple function of range extender (better known by the term " range extender" ).
Dans ces véhicules électriques, le moteur thermique est accouplé à un alternateur qui permet de charger la batterie d'accumulateurs principale du véhicule lorsque le niveau de charge de cette batterie est trop faible.In these electric vehicles, the heat engine is coupled to an alternator that charges the main storage battery of the vehicle when the charge level of this battery is too low.
Le moteur est alors toujours utilisé à un régime quasi-stationnaire, dans lequel son rendement est optimal.The motor is then always used at a quasi-stationary regime, in which its performance is optimal.
Pour une telle application, on souhaite injecter le carburant dans les conduits d'arrivée d'air sous forme de fines gouttelettes, à une pression modérée (de l'ordre de 3 bars), de manière à éviter de projeter le carburant sur les parois des conduits d'arrivée d'air (ce qui empêcherait une bonne homogénéisation du carburant avec l'air).For such an application, it is desired to inject the fuel into the air intake ducts in the form of fine droplets, at a moderate pressure (of the order of 3 bar), so as to avoid throwing the fuel on the walls. air intake ducts (which would prevent a good homogenization of the fuel with the air).
Afin d'obtenir un tel jet de carburant, il est connu d'utiliser un dispositif d'atomisation tel que précité, dont le fourreau présente à son extrémité une membrane percée d'une pluralité d'orifices de très petits diamètres (typiquement de 20 micromètres de diamètre). Un tel dispositif nécessite toutefois de comprimer fortement le carburant (à environ 10 bars) de manière à ce que ce dernier puisse traverser les orifices.In order to obtain such a fuel jet, it is known to use an atomization device as mentioned above, whose sheath has at its end a membrane pierced with a plurality of orifices of very small diameters (typically micrometers in diameter). Such a device, however, requires strongly compressing the fuel (at about 10 bar) so that the latter can pass through the orifices.
L'inconvénient de cette solution est donc qu'elle nécessite une pompe onéreuse pour comprimer le carburant à la pression souhaitée. L'utilisation d'une telle pompe accroît en outre la consommation en carburant du moteur thermique.
L'inconvénient de cette solution est qu'à l'arrêt, l'eau reste au contact de l'air au niveau des orifices, ce qui peut générer une contamination microbienne. En outre, l'eau étant sous pression dans la buse, on observe à l'arrêt des suintements d'eau au niveau des orifices.The disadvantage of this solution is that when stopped, the water remains in contact with the air at the orifices, which can generate microbial contamination. In addition, the water being under pressure in the nozzle, there is observed at the stop seepage of water at the orifices.
La présente invention propose alors un nouveau dispositif d'atomisation, qui peut aussi bien être utilisé sous la forme d'un injecteur de carburant que sous la forme d'un brumisateur, et qui ne présente pas les inconvénients précités de l'état de la technique.The present invention then proposes a new atomization device, which can be used both in the form of a fuel injector and in the form of a misting device, and which does not have the aforementioned drawbacks of the state of the technical.
Plus particulièrement, on propose selon l'invention un dispositif d'atomisation tel que défini dans l'introduction, dans lequel ladite aiguille présente une conduite intérieure qui débouche sur son extrémité libre, et il est prévu une arrivée de gaz qui communique avec ladite conduite intérieure. Selon l'invention, il est aussi prévu un capot arrière qui est fixé au fourreau de manière à délimiter avec celui-ci une cavité dans laquelle sont logés les moyens d'excitation, la conduite intérieure communiquant avec ladite cavité au moyen d'un conduit qui traverse axialement les moyens d'excitation. Ainsi, grâce à l'invention, comme définie dans la revendication 1, le mouvement de va-et-vient (à une fréquence généralement ultrasonore) de l'aiguille permet de hacher le jet de liquide de manière que ce liquide est pulvérisé au travers de l'orifice de giclage sous forme de gouttelettes. On dit alors du liquide qu'il est nébulisé. Cette étape ne nécessite pas de comprimer fortement le liquide en amont du dispositif, puisque l'orifice de giclage utilisé peut présenter un diamètre important.More particularly, it is proposed according to the invention an atomization device as defined in the introduction, wherein said needle has an inner pipe which opens on its free end, and there is provided a gas inlet which communicates with said pipe interior. According to the invention, there is also provided a rear cover which is fixed to the sheath so as to define therewith a cavity in which the excitation means are housed, the inner pipe communicating with said cavity by means of a duct which passes axially through the excitation means. Thus, thanks to the invention, as defined in claim 1, the reciprocating movement (at a generally ultrasonic frequency) of the needle makes it possible to chop the jet of liquid so that this liquid is sprayed through spray orifice in the form of droplets. It is said that the liquid is nebulized. This step does not require to strongly compress the liquid upstream of the device, since the orifice of Spray used may have a large diameter.
A sa sortie de l'orifice de giclage, le jet de liquide nébulisé rencontre le jet de gaz, ce qui permet de disperser le jet de liquide nébulisé dans la direction souhaitée, à la vitesse désirée. On dit alors des fines gouttelettes de liquide qu'elles sont atomisées.At its exit from the spray orifice, the jet of nebulized liquid meets the jet of gas, which makes it possible to disperse the jet of nebulized liquid in the desired direction, at the desired speed. Fine droplets of liquid are said to be atomized.
D'autres caractéristiques avantageuses et non limitatives du dispositif d'atomisation conforme à l'invention sont les suivantes :
- ledit fourreau présente un unique orifice de giclage ;
- lesdits moyens d'excitation sont adaptés à faire vibrer axialement ladite aiguille à une fréquence propre ultrasonore ;
- lesdits moyens d'excitation comportent un transducteur piézoélectrique ;
- ladite conduite intérieure traverse axialement l'aiguille ;
- il est prévu des moyens de régulation du débit de gaz circulant au travers de ladite arrivée de gaz ;
- lesdits moyens de régulation et lesdits moyens d'excitation sont cadencés de manière à ce que les injections de gaz et de liquide soient en phase ; et
- il est prévu des moyens de rappel de l'aiguille en position de fermeture, qui sont distincts desdits moyens d'excitation.
- said sheath has a single spray orifice;
- said excitation means are adapted to axially vibrate said needle at an ultrasonic natural frequency;
- said excitation means comprise a piezoelectric transducer;
- said inner pipe axially passes through the needle;
- there is provided means for regulating the flow of gas flowing through said gas inlet;
- said regulating means and said energizing means are clocked so that the gas and liquid injections are in phase; and
- there are provided means for returning the needle in the closed position, which are distinct from said excitation means.
La description qui va suivre en regard des dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, fera bien comprendre en quoi consiste l'invention et comment elle peut être réalisée.The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, given as non-limiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be achieved.
Sur les dessins annexés :
- la
figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un dispositif d'atomisation selon l'invention ; - la
figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe du dispositif d'atomisation de lafigure 1 , représenté en position d'ouverture ; - la
figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe du dispositif d'atomisation de lafigure 1 , représenté en position de fermeture.
- the
figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an atomization device according to the invention; - the
figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of the atomization device of thefigure 1 , shown in the open position; - the
figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of the atomization device of thefigure 1 , shown in the closed position.
Sur la
Ce dispositif d'atomisation 1 pourra être utilisé pour assurer une fonction de brumisateur, auquel cas ce liquide sera de l'eau.This atomizing device 1 may be used to provide a misting function, in which case this liquid will be water.
Ce dispositif d'atomisation 1 pourra également être utilisé pour assurer une fonction d'injecteur de carburant, auquel cas ce liquide sera du carburant.This atomizing device 1 may also be used to provide a fuel injector function, in which case this liquid will be fuel.
Quelle que soit sa fonction, ce dispositif d'atomisation 1 comporte principalement un fourreau (ci-après appelé buse 2), une aiguille 10 montée dans la buse 2, des moyens d'excitation 20 de l'aiguille 10 et une arrivée de liquide 30.Whatever its function, this atomizing device 1 mainly comprises a sheath (hereinafter called nozzle 2), a
La buse 2 présente un alésage 5 qui débouche à une extrémité par un orifice de giclage 4. C'est par cet orifice de giclage 4 que sera éjecté le liquide.The
Cette extrémité de la buse 2 sera appelée extrémité avant. De manière plus générale, dans la description, les termes « avant » et « arrière » seront utilisés par rapport à la direction d'éjection du liquide, l'avant d'un élément désignant le côté de cet élément qui est tourné dans la direction d'éjection et l'arrière désignant le côté de cet élément qui est tourné à l'opposé.This end of the
L'aiguille 10 est montée coulissante dans l'alésage 5, entre :
- une position de fermeture dans laquelle son
extrémité libre avant 11 obture l'orifice de giclage 4, et - une position d'ouverture dans laquelle son
extrémité libre avant 11 libère l'orifice de giclage 4, ce qui permet au liquide de sortir du dispositif d'atomisation 1.
- a closed position in which its free end before 11 closes the
spray orifice 4, and - an open position in which its free end before 11 releases the
spray orifice 4, which allows the liquid to exit the atomizing device 1.
L'aiguille 10 et la buse 2 présentent des formes telles qu'elles délimitent, autour de l'extrémité libre avant 11 de l'aiguille 10, une cavité 31 qui communique avec l'arrivée de liquide 30 et qui forme donc un réservoir de liquide.The
Les moyens d'excitation 20 sont alors prévus pour faire vibrer l'aiguille 10 entre ses positions de fermeture et d'ouverture, de manière que le liquide contenu dans la cavité 31 puisse être régulièrement éjecté du dispositif d'atomisation 1 au travers de l'orifice de giclage 4.The excitation means 20 are then provided to vibrate the
Selon une caractéristique particulièrement avantageuse de l'invention, le dispositif d'atomisation 1 comporte une arrivée de gaz 40 qui communique avec une conduite intérieure 12 qui traverse l'aiguille 10 et qui débouche sur l'extrémité libre avant 11 de cette aiguille 10.According to a particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the atomizing device 1 comprises a
Les gaz arrivant dans le dispositif d'atomisation 1 par l'arrivée de gaz 40 sont alors prévus pour s'engouffrer dans la conduite intérieure 12 afin de déboucher au travers de l'orifice de giclage 4.The gases arriving in the atomizing device 1 by the
Comme cela sera décrit plus en détail dans la suite de cet exposé, ces gaz permettront de dévier les particules de liquide éjectées au travers de l'orifice de giclage 4, dans la direction et à la vitesse souhaitées.As will be described in more detail later in this discussion, these gases will divert the liquid particles ejected through the
Le gaz utilisé sera généralement de l'air comprimé.The gas used will generally be compressed air.
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la
Elle présente à son extrémité avant un unique orifice de giclage 4.It has at its front end a
Son alésage 5 présente une partie centrale 9 de forme cylindrique de révolution autour de l'axe longitudinal A1.Its
Du côté de l'extrémité avant de la buse 2, l'alésage 5 présente une partie avant 6 dont la section se réduit progressivement jusqu'à l'orifice de giclage 4, si bien que l'orifice de giclage 4 présente un diamètre inférieur à celui de la partie centrale 9 de l'alésage 5. Cette partie avant 6 présente une forme tronconique de révolution autour de l'axe longitudinal A1. Elle a pour fonction d'assurer une butée d'appui pour l'extrémité libre avant 11 de l'aiguille 10. Elle sera donc ci-après nommée siège 6.On the side of the front end of the
En position de fermeture, l'extrémité libre avant 11 de l'aiguille 10 repose alors sur ce siège 6, ce qui assure l'étanchéité entre l'aiguille 10 et la buse 2 au niveau de l'orifice de giclage 4.In the closed position, the free
En position d'ouverture, l'extrémité libre avant 11 de l'aiguille 10 se place à distance de ce siège 6, ce qui permet l'éjection de liquide au travers de l'orifice de giclage 4.In the open position, the
Du côté de l'extrémité arrière de la buse 2, l'alésage 5 présente un élargissement de section 7 dont la face intérieure est cylindrique de révolution autour de l'axe longitudinal A1. Une bague 8 est montée en force dans cet élargissement de section 7, ce qui assure son immobilisation. Cette bague 8 délimite un conduit intérieur cylindrique de révolution autour de l'axe longitudinal A1, au travers duquel est enfilée l'aiguille 10, de diamètre intérieur égal au diamètre de l'orifice de giclage 4.On the side of the rear end of the
Comme le montre la
Elle présente à cet effet une forme de tige, dont une partie centrale 13 est cylindrique de révolution autour de l'axe longitudinal A1.It has for this purpose a rod shape, a
Cette partie centrale 13 de l'aiguille 10 se prolonge à l'arrière par une partie tronconique 15 dont la section se réduit progressivement, puis par une partie d'extrémité 14 cylindrique de révolution autour de l'axe longitudinal A1.This
La partie d'extrémité 14 et la partie centrale 13 de l'aiguille 10 présentent respectivement un diamètre égal, au jeu de fonctionnement près, au diamètre intérieur de la bague 8 et de la partie centrale 9 de l'alésage 5, ce qui assure le coulissement sans jeu de l'aiguille 10 dans la buse 2.The
L'extrémité libre avant 11 de l'aiguille 10 présente quant à elle une forme tronconique de révolution autour de l'axe longitudinal A1, qui épouse sensiblement la forme du siège 6.The
L'aiguille 10 présente enfin, entre son extrémité libre avant 11 et sa partie centrale 13, un décroché qui délimite avec l'alésage 5 de la buse 2 la cavité 31 de liquide.The
La partie tronconique 15 de l'aiguille 10 définit quant à elle avec l'alésage 5 une seconde cavité 32 qui renferme du liquide. Cette seconde cavité 32 communique avec la première cavité 31, par exemple via des rainures prévues en creux dans la face externe de la partie centrale 13 de l'aiguille 10.The
Ici, comme le montre la
Puisque les diamètres intérieurs de la bague 8 et de l'orifice de giclage 4 sont égaux, les efforts exercés par le liquide sous pression sur l'aiguille 10 se compensent. On dit alors de l'aiguille 10 qu'elle est en équilibre hydrostatique quelle que soit la pression d'alimentation du liquide.Since the inner diameters of the
Ce sont donc bien les moyens d'excitation 20 qui vont commander le déplacement de l'aiguille 10.It is therefore the excitation means 20 which will control the movement of the
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la
Ici, ce capot arrière 3 présente une forme de tube ouvert à une extrémité avant et fermé à une extrémité arrière. Il est emmanché par son extrémité avant ouverte sur la buse 2, de manière à être fixé à celle-ci de manière étanche.Here, this
Les moyens d'excitation 20 logés dans la chambre 41 sont alors prévus pour faire vibrer axialement l'aiguille 10 à une fréquence propre ultrasonore.The excitation means 20 housed in the
Ici, ces moyens d'excitation 20 comportent à cet effet un support 21 et un transducteur piézoélectrique 22.Here, these excitation means 20 comprise for this purpose a
Le support 21 présente un arbre central 24 qui est cylindrique de révolution autour de l'axe longitudinal A1 et qui est bordé à mi-longueur par une couronne 25 en forme de disque plat et peu épais.The
Le transducteur piézoélectrique 22 est fixé à cette couronne 25, ici sur la face arrière de celle-ci. Il présente à cet effet une forme d'anneau aplati.The
Ce transducteur piézoélectrique 22 est prévu pour être piloté électriquement, entre un état inactif dans lequel il ne se déforme pas, et un état actif dans lequel il se déforme périodiquement, à une fréquence ultrasonore.This
Comme le montrent bien les
Comme le montre la
Préférentiellement, il est prévu des moyens de rappel 50 qui permettent de rappeler automatiquement l'aiguille 10 en position de fermeture lorsque les moyens d'excitation 20 sont inactifs.Preferably, there are provided return means 50 which automatically remind the
Ici, ces moyens de rappel sont mécaniques et sont plus précisément formés par un ressort de compression 50 qui s'interpose entre l'extrémité arrière de l'arbre central 24 du support 21 et le fond du capot arrière 3.Here, these return means are mechanical and are more precisely formed by a
Comme le montre la
La conduite intérieure 12, prévue dans l'aiguille 10, traverse ici axialement l'aiguille 10, selon l'axe longitudinal A1.The
De manière que cette conduite intérieure 12 puisse communiquer avec la chambre 41, l'arbre central 24 du support 21 est également traversé axialement par une conduite intérieure 23 qui s'étend dans le prolongement de la conduite intérieure 12 de l'aiguille 10.So that this
Préférentiellement, il est prévu des moyens de régulation 42 du débit de gaz circulant au travers de ces conduites intérieures 12, 23. Ces moyens de régulation sont ici formés par une vanne 42 placée sur le raccord 43.Preferably, there are provided regulating means 42 for the flow of gas flowing through these
Il pourra s'agir d'une simple vanne 42 bistable, pilotée entre un état ouvert dans lequel l'air circule dans le dispositif d'atomisation 1, et un état fermé dans lequel le passage d'air est bloqué. Cette vanne 42 pourra alors être pilotée à l'état ouvert dès que les moyens d'excitation 20 seront activés.It may be a simple
En variante, on pourra prévoir de cadencer les moyens de régulation 42 et les moyens d'excitation 20 de manière à ce que les injections d'air soient en phase avec les injections de liquide.Alternatively, it can be provided to clock the control means 42 and the excitation means 20 so that the air injections are in phase with the liquid injections.
Encore en variante, on pourra utiliser une vanne permettant de réguler de manière plus précise le débit d'air.In another variant, a valve may be used to regulate the air flow more precisely.
Sur la
Sur la
Pour passer d'une position à l'autre, une unité de pilotage applique une excitation électrique sur le transducteur piézoélectrique 22, qui se déforme et génère un déplacement de l'aiguille 10 selon un mouvement de va-et-vient. Ce va-et-vient est opéré à une fréquence de résonance qui va placer l'aiguille 10 et le support 21 en lévitation ultrasonore par rapport au siège 6.To move from one position to another, a control unit applies electrical excitation to the
Ce déplacement génère une alternance d'ouvertures et de fermetures de l'orifice de giclage 4 à fréquence ultrasonore, ce qui permet de hacher le jet de liquide et donc de nébuliser le liquide dès sa sortie par l'orifice de giclage 4.This displacement generates an alternation of openings and closures of the
Comme le montrent les traits T1 en pointillés sur la
Comme le montrent les traits T2 en pointillés sur la
Ainsi aucun croisement entre jets de liquide n'apparaît, et l'interaction des gouttes de liquide avec le flux d'air induit une atomisation secondaire des gouttes éjectées.Thus no crossing between jets of liquid appears, and the interaction of the drops of liquid with the air flow induces a secondary atomization of ejected drops.
La présente invention n'est nullement limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté, mais l'homme du métier saura y apporter toute variante conforme à son esprit.The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown, but the art can apply any variant within his mind.
On pourrait ainsi prévoir que la conduite intérieure de l'aiguille soit coudée, et débouche non pas sur l'extrémité arrière de l'aiguille mais sur le côté de celle-ci.It could thus be provided that the inner pipe of the needle is bent, and opens not on the rear end of the needle but on the side thereof.
On pourrait aussi prévoir que les moyens d'excitation soient non pas piézoélectriques mais électromagnétiques.It could also be provided that the excitation means are not piezoelectric but electromagnetic.
On pourrait par ailleurs prévoir de placer le dispositif d'atomisation dans la ligne d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, par exemple pour disperser un produit réducteur dans les gaz brûlés.One could also provide to place the atomizing device in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine, for example to disperse a reducing product in the flue gas.
D'autres applications de ce dispositif d'atomisation sont également envisageables. A titre d'exemples, un tel dispositif pourrait ainsi être utilisé pour fabriquer un pistolet à peinture ou un dispositif d'épandage et de traitement des cultures.Other applications of this atomization device are also conceivable. By way of examples, such a device could thus be used to manufacture a spray gun or a device for spreading and treating crops.
Claims (8)
- Device (1) for atomizing a liquid, comprising:- a sleeve (2) of which one end has a spraying orifice (4),- a needle (10) which has a free end (11) facing the spraying orifice (4) and which is mounted so as to be translatably movable in the sleeve (2) between a closed position in which its free end (11) closes off the spraying orifice (4) and an open position in which its free end (11) frees the spraying orifice (4),- excitation means (20) adapted to vibrate the needle (10) between its closed and open positions, and- a liquid inlet (30) which communicates with a cavity (31) situated around the free end (11) of the needle (10), the said needle (10) having an inner conduit (12) which opens onto its free end (11),- in which device there is provided a gas inlet (40) which communicates with the said inner conduit (12), the device being characterized in that there is provided a rear cap (3) which is fixed to the said sleeve (2) so as to delimit therewith a cavity (41) in which the excitation means are housed, the inner conduit (12) communicating with the said cavity (41) by means of a duct (23) which axially traverses the excitation means.
- Atomization device (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the said sleeve (2) has a single spraying orifice (4).
- Atomization device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the said excitation means (20) are adapted to axially vibrate the said needle (10) at an ultrasonic natural frequency.
- Atomization device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the said excitation means (20) comprise a piezoelectric transducer (22).
- Atomization device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the said inner conduit (12) axially traverses the needle (10).
- Atomization device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which there are provided means (42) for regulating the flow of gas circulating through the said gas inlet (40).
- Atomization device (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the said regulation means (42) and the said excitation means (20) are rated in such a way that the gas and liquid injections are in phase.
- Atomization device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which there are provided means (50) for returning the needle (10) to the closed position, which means are separate from the said excitation means (20).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1459571A FR3026662B1 (en) | 2014-10-06 | 2014-10-06 | LIQUID ATOMIZATION DEVICE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3006718A1 EP3006718A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
EP3006718B1 true EP3006718B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
Family
ID=52684317
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15188632.2A Active EP3006718B1 (en) | 2014-10-06 | 2015-10-06 | Liquid atomisation device |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3006718B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3026662B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102016206902A1 (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2017-10-26 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Device for modulating at least one liquid jet |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE787603A (en) * | 1972-08-16 | 1973-02-16 | Cottell Eric Ch | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING A MIXTURE OF FUEL AND AIR BY MEANS OF SONIC ENERGY. |
JPS63270573A (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-08 | Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kk | Ultrasonic and supersonic air flow combined injection valve |
JPS6438160A (en) * | 1987-08-05 | 1989-02-08 | Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kk | Ultrasonic composite atomizer |
JPH02259264A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1990-10-22 | Tonen Corp | Fuel supply device with ultrasonic atomizer for gasoline engine |
JPH0412158A (en) * | 1990-04-28 | 1992-01-16 | Tonen Corp | Fuel supply device of spark ignition engine |
WO2008000095A1 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-03 | The University Of British Columbia | Concurrent injection of liquid and gaseous fuels in an engine |
EP2060774A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-20 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Fuel injector |
-
2014
- 2014-10-06 FR FR1459571A patent/FR3026662B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-10-06 EP EP15188632.2A patent/EP3006718B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3026662B1 (en) | 2018-04-13 |
FR3026662A1 (en) | 2016-04-08 |
EP3006718A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
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