EP1335124B1 - Air filter for a combustion engine - Google Patents

Air filter for a combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1335124B1
EP1335124B1 EP03001407A EP03001407A EP1335124B1 EP 1335124 B1 EP1335124 B1 EP 1335124B1 EP 03001407 A EP03001407 A EP 03001407A EP 03001407 A EP03001407 A EP 03001407A EP 1335124 B1 EP1335124 B1 EP 1335124B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
air filter
openings
housing
combustion engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03001407A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1335124A1 (en
Inventor
Roger Holle
Michael Wessels
Bernd Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Original Assignee
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10213604A external-priority patent/DE10213604A1/en
Application filed by Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG filed Critical Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Publication of EP1335124A1 publication Critical patent/EP1335124A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1335124B1 publication Critical patent/EP1335124B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/22—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound for conducting sound through hollow pipes, e.g. speaking tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/02—Air cleaners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10006—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the position of elements of the air intake system in direction of the air intake flow, i.e. between ambient air inlet and supply to the combustion chamber
    • F02M35/10013—Means upstream of the air filter; Connection to the ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1294—Amplifying, modulating, tuning or transmitting sound, e.g. directing sound to the passenger cabin; Sound modulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/14—Combined air cleaners and silencers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air filter for an internal combustion engine according to the features of the preambles of claims 1 and 4.
  • JP-10339225 an air filter housing for an internal combustion engine is shown in which are introduced for sound modulation in the side wall openings, which are monitored or controlled by flap elements.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a device for an air filter through which the intake noise over the load and speed range of the internal combustion engine can be effectively modulated in a simple manner.
  • the switchable openings in the air filter housing in a simple manner by a perforated and guided in the air filter housing plate element implemented, which cooperates with the arranged in a housing wall of the air filter openings as a kind of shift register.
  • an airborne sound passage through the air filter housing in the engine compartment so that the sound pattern in the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle can be improved in the desired sense, depending on the operating condition of the internal combustion engine.
  • these openings are designed to be closed. At high load and speed then these airborne sound passages can be opened to ensure an attractive interior sound.
  • pulsations of the intake air are reduced by the additional openings in the air filter and the air filter housing less excited to vibrate.
  • the control of the plate member provided with the openings can be done in a simple manner via a vacuum box which is connected to a vacuum reservoir.
  • the plate member is advantageously as a bottom on the bottom wall of the air filter housing and is guided by two aligned on the two longitudinal sides of the plate member rails which are fixed to the housing wall provided with the openings.
  • the openings arranged in a housing wall of the air filter are monitored by flexible flap elements.
  • the control of the flaps is effected by the pressure conditions present in the air filter. At low load and speed the flaps are closed; At high load and speed and corresponding air mass flow rate, the negative pressure prevailing in the air filter housing increases and the flexible flaps release the openings provided in the air filter housing.
  • the schematically illustrated air filter 10 is essentially formed by an air filter housing 12, which is provided with an inlet 14 for the unfiltered raw air and an outlet 16 for the clean air.
  • a filter element 18 is mounted, through which the interior of the air filter housing 12 in a lower space, hereinafter referred to as raw air space 20 and an upper space, hereinafter referred to as clean air space 22 is divided.
  • the raw air space 20 bounding the lower housing wall 24 is provided with rectangular openings 26.
  • On the housing wall 24 is a displaceable plate member 28 which is provided with openings 30 and whose size and shape substantially coincide with the openings provided in the housing wall 24 openings 26.
  • To lead the Plate member 28 are provided on the two longitudinal sides of the plate member 28 on the housing wall 24 fixed guide rails (not shown).
  • the plate member 28 is connected via a coupling rod 32 with a vacuum box 34 which is supplied via a vacuum reservoir, wherein the coupling rod 32 and the plate member 28 depending on operating variables of the internal combustion engine, such as. Speed, load or temperature of the intake air is controlled.
  • the control of the shift register formed by the housing wall 24 and the plate member 28 is such that, as shown in Fig. 3, at idle or at low load and speed of the internal combustion engine, the openings 26 in the housing wall 24 are closed by the plate member 28, while At high load and speed over the coupling rod 32, the plate member 28 is moved in the direction of arrow shown in Fig. 4, so that the openings 26 and 30 are superimposed and thus an airborne sound passage through the air filter housing 12 into the engine compartment is possible.
  • the shape and size of the openings 26 and 30 can be adapted for the corresponding motor application.
  • the openings 26 provided in the lower housing wall 24 are monitored by flexible flaps 32.
  • the z. Materials made of rubber o. ⁇ .
  • Existing flaps 32 are articulated on a longitudinal side of the rectangular openings 26 and adapted in size to the size of the openings 26 so that they in the closed position (see Fig. 5, 7), the openings 26th completely close.
  • the flaps 32 close at idle or at low load and speed of the internal combustion engine due to the prevailing pressure in the air filter housing 12, the openings 26, while at high load and speed by the rising negative pressure in the air filter housing 12, the flaps 32 open automatically inward, so that a corresponding airborne sound passage is possible.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Luftfilter für eine Brennkraftmaschine gemäß den Merkmalen der Oberbegriffe der Ansprüche 1 und 4.The invention relates to an air filter for an internal combustion engine according to the features of the preambles of claims 1 and 4.

Aus der DE 199 40 610 A1 ist ein Luftfilter für eine Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei dem vorgeschlagen wird, eine Gehäusewand des Luftfilters mit einer Membran zu versehen, die aus einem schallweicheren Material als die Gehäusewand selbst ausgebildet ist. Dadurch soll eine gezielte Schallerzeugung vorgenommen werden, damit der Fahrer eine ausreichende Information über den Betriebszustand des Motors erhält. Da jedoch bei dieser Ausführungsform ein Luftschalldurchtritt durch das Filtergehäuse nicht erfolgt, ist eine effektive Modulation des Ansauggeräusches nur in bestimmten Grenzen möglich.From DE 199 40 610 A1 an air filter for an internal combustion engine is known, in which it is proposed to provide a housing wall of the air filter with a membrane which is formed of a softer sound than the housing wall itself. As a result, a targeted sound generation should be made so that the driver receives sufficient information about the operating condition of the engine. However, since an airborne sound passage through the filter housing does not occur in this embodiment, an effective modulation of the intake noise is possible only within certain limits.

In der DE 198 11 051 A1 ist eine Luftansaugeinrichtung für einen Verbrennungsmotor dargestellt und beschrieben, bei der zur optimalen Ansaug-Geräuschdämpfung über den gesamten Motordrehzahlbereich ein zweites, durch ein Klappenelement überwachtes Ansaugrohr vorgesehen ist.In DE 198 11 051 A1, an air intake device for an internal combustion engine is shown and described in which a second, monitored by a flap element intake pipe is provided for optimum intake noise attenuation over the entire engine speed range.

In der JP-10339225 ist ein Luftfiltergehäuse für eine Brennkraftmaschine dargestellt, bei dem zur Soundmodulation in der Seitenwand Öffnungen eingebracht sind, die durch Klappenelemente überwacht bzw. gesteuert sind.In JP-10339225 an air filter housing for an internal combustion engine is shown in which are introduced for sound modulation in the side wall openings, which are monitored or controlled by flap elements.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung für einen Luftfilter zu entwickeln, durch die das Ansauggeräusch über den Last- und Drehzahlbereich der Brennkraftmaschine auf einfache Art und Weise effektiv modulierbar ist.The object of the invention is to develop a device for an air filter through which the intake noise over the load and speed range of the internal combustion engine can be effectively modulated in a simple manner.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale.The solution of the problem is achieved by the features specified in claim 1.

In einer ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform sind dazu die schaltbaren Öffnungen im Luftfiltergehäuse auf einfache Art und Weise durch ein mit Öffnungen versehenes und im Luftfiltergehäuse geführtes Plattenelement umgesetzt, das zusammen mit den in einer Gehäusewand des Luftfilters angeordneten Öffnungen als eine Art Schieberegister zusammenwirkt.In a first embodiment according to the invention the switchable openings in the air filter housing in a simple manner by a perforated and guided in the air filter housing plate element implemented, which cooperates with the arranged in a housing wall of the air filter openings as a kind of shift register.

Durch die in einer Gehäusewand des Luftfilters eingebrachten Öffnungen erfolgt im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine ein Luftschalldurchtritt durch das Luftfiltergehäuse in den Motorraum, so dass in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine das Klangbild im Fahrgastinnenraum des Kraftfahrzeugs im gewünschten Sinne verbessert werden kann. Um jedoch in bestimmten Betriebszuständen, z. B. bei niedriger Last und Drehzahl eine die Leistung der Brennkraftmaschine mindernde Warmluftansaugung zu verhindern, sind diese Öffnungen verschließbar ausgeführt. Bei hoher Last und Drehzahl können dann diese Luftschalldurchtritte geöffnet werden, um einen attraktiven Innenraumsound zu gewährleisten. Darüber hinaus werden durch die zusätzlichen Öffnungen im Luftfilter Pulsationen der Ansaugluft herabgesetzt und das Luftfiltergehäuse weniger zu Schwingungen angeregt.By introduced into a housing wall of the air filter openings takes place during operation of the internal combustion engine, an airborne sound passage through the air filter housing in the engine compartment, so that the sound pattern in the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle can be improved in the desired sense, depending on the operating condition of the internal combustion engine. However, in certain operating conditions, for. B. at low load and speed to prevent the performance of the engine-reducing warm air intake, these openings are designed to be closed. At high load and speed then these airborne sound passages can be opened to ensure an attractive interior sound. In addition, pulsations of the intake air are reduced by the additional openings in the air filter and the air filter housing less excited to vibrate.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen angegebenen Merkmale sind weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung möglich.Due to the features specified in the dependent claims, further advantageous embodiments of the invention are possible.

Die Steuerung des mit den Öffnungen versehenen Plattenelementes kann auf einfache Art und Weise über eine Unterdruckdose erfolgen, die an einen Unterdruckspeicher angeschlossen ist.The control of the plate member provided with the openings can be done in a simple manner via a vacuum box which is connected to a vacuum reservoir.

Das Plattenelement liegt in vorteilhafter Weise als Unterboden auf der Bodenwand des Luftfiltergehäuses auf und wird durch zwei an den beiden Längsseiten des Plattenelementes ausgerichteten Schienen, die an der mit den Öffnungen versehenen Gehäusewand befestigt sind, geführt. In einer Vergleichbaren Ausführungsform werden die in einer Gehäusewand des Luftfilters angeordneten Öffnungen durch flexible Klappenelemente überwacht. In diesem Fall erfolgt die Steuerung der Klappen durch die im Luftfilter vorliegenden Druckverhältnisse. Bei niedriger Last und Drehzahl sind die Klappen geschlossen; bei hoher Last und Drehzahl und entsprechendem Luftmassendurchsatz erhöht sich der im Luftfiltergehäuse vorherrschende Unterdruck und die flexiblen Klappen geben die im Luftfiltergehäuse vorgesehenen Öffnungen frei.The plate member is advantageously as a bottom on the bottom wall of the air filter housing and is guided by two aligned on the two longitudinal sides of the plate member rails which are fixed to the housing wall provided with the openings. In a comparable embodiment, the openings arranged in a housing wall of the air filter are monitored by flexible flap elements. In this case, the control of the flaps is effected by the pressure conditions present in the air filter. At low load and speed the flaps are closed; At high load and speed and corresponding air mass flow rate, the negative pressure prevailing in the air filter housing increases and the flexible flaps release the openings provided in the air filter housing.

Die Erfindung ist in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail in the following description and drawings.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
die schematische Darstellung eines Luftfiltergehäuses in einem ersten Betriebszustand,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung des Luftfiltergehäuses in einem zweiten Betriebszustand,
Fig. 3
die schematische Darstellung eines Schieberegisters in einer ersten Betriebsstellung,
Fig. 4
die schematische Darstellung eines Schieberegisters in einer zweiten Betriebsstellung,
Fig. 5
die schematische Darstellung eines Luftfiltergehäuses gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem ersten Betriebszustand,
Fig. 6
die schematische Darstellung eines Luftfiltergehäuses gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem zweiten Betriebszustand,
Fig. 7
die schematische Darstellung flexibler Klappen in einer ersten Betriebsstellung und
Fig. 8
die schematische Darstellung flexibler Klappen in einer zweiten Betriebsstellung.
Show it:
Fig. 1
the schematic representation of an air filter housing in a first operating state,
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of the air filter housing in a second operating state,
Fig. 3
the schematic representation of a shift register in a first operating position,
Fig. 4
the schematic representation of a shift register in a second operating position,
Fig. 5
2 the schematic representation of an air filter housing according to a second exemplary embodiment in a first operating state,
Fig. 6
2 the schematic representation of an air filter housing according to a second exemplary embodiment in a second operating state,
Fig. 7
the schematic representation of flexible valves in a first operating position and
Fig. 8
the schematic representation of flexible flaps in a second operating position.

Der schematisch dargestellte Luftfilter 10 wird im wesentlichen durch ein Luftfiltergehäuse 12 gebildet, welches mit einem Einlass 14 für die ungefilterte Rohluft und einem Auslass 16 für die Reinluft versehen ist. Im Luftfiltergehäuse 12 ist ein Filterelement 18 angebracht, durch das der Innenraum des Luftfiltergehäuses 12 in einen unteren Raum, im folgenden als Rohluftraum 20 bezeichnet und einen oberen Raum, im folgenden als Reinluftraum 22 bezeichnet, unterteilt ist. Die den Rohluftraum 20 begrenzende untere Gehäusewand 24 ist mit rechteckförmigen Öffnungen 26 versehen. Auf der Gehäusewand 24 liegt ein verschiebbares Plattenelement 28 auf, das mit Öffnungen 30 versehen ist und deren Größe und Form im wesentlichen mit den in der Gehäusewand 24 vorgesehenen Öffnungen 26 übereinstimmen. Zur Führung des Plattenelements 28 sind an den beiden Längsseiten des Plattenelementes 28 an der Gehäusewand 24 befestigte Führungsschienen (nicht dargestellt) vorgesehen.The schematically illustrated air filter 10 is essentially formed by an air filter housing 12, which is provided with an inlet 14 for the unfiltered raw air and an outlet 16 for the clean air. In the air filter housing 12, a filter element 18 is mounted, through which the interior of the air filter housing 12 in a lower space, hereinafter referred to as raw air space 20 and an upper space, hereinafter referred to as clean air space 22 is divided. The raw air space 20 bounding the lower housing wall 24 is provided with rectangular openings 26. On the housing wall 24 is a displaceable plate member 28 which is provided with openings 30 and whose size and shape substantially coincide with the openings provided in the housing wall 24 openings 26. To lead the Plate member 28 are provided on the two longitudinal sides of the plate member 28 on the housing wall 24 fixed guide rails (not shown).

Das Plattenelement 28 ist über eine Koppelstange 32 mit einer Unterdruckdose 34 verbunden, die über einen Unterdruckspeicher versorgt wird, wobei die Koppelstange 32 bzw. das Plattenelement 28 in Abhängigkeit von Betriebsgrößen der Brennkraftmaschine, wie z.B. Drehzahl, Last oder Temperatur der Ansaugluft gesteuert wird.The plate member 28 is connected via a coupling rod 32 with a vacuum box 34 which is supplied via a vacuum reservoir, wherein the coupling rod 32 and the plate member 28 depending on operating variables of the internal combustion engine, such as. Speed, load or temperature of the intake air is controlled.

Die Steuerung des durch die Gehäusewand 24 und das Plattenelement 28 gebildeten Schieberegisters erfolgt dergestalt, dass, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, im Leerlauf oder bei niedriger Last und Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine die Öffnungen 26 in der Gehäusewand 24 durch das Plattenelement 28 verschlossen sind, während bei hoher Last und Drehzahl über die Koppelstange 32 das Plattenelement 28 in die in Fig. 4 dargestellte Pfeilrichtung verschoben wird, so dass die Öffnungen 26 und 30 übereinander liegen und damit ein Luftschalldurchtritt durch das Luftfiltergehäuse 12 in den Motorraum möglich ist. Die Form und Größe der Öffnungen 26 und 30 können für die entsprechende Motorapplikation angepasst werden.The control of the shift register formed by the housing wall 24 and the plate member 28 is such that, as shown in Fig. 3, at idle or at low load and speed of the internal combustion engine, the openings 26 in the housing wall 24 are closed by the plate member 28, while At high load and speed over the coupling rod 32, the plate member 28 is moved in the direction of arrow shown in Fig. 4, so that the openings 26 and 30 are superimposed and thus an airborne sound passage through the air filter housing 12 into the engine compartment is possible. The shape and size of the openings 26 and 30 can be adapted for the corresponding motor application.

In einem weiteren Beispiel, bei dem gleiche Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sind, werden die in der unteren Gehäusewand 24 vorgesehenen Öffnungen 26 durch flexible Klappen 32 überwacht. Die z. B. aus Gummi o. ä. Materialien bestehenden Klappen 32 sind an einer Längsseite der rechteckförmigen Öffnungen 26 angelenkt und in ihrer Größe den Abmessungen der Öffnungen 26 angepasst, so dass sie in der geschlossenen Stellung (siehe Fig. 5, 7) die Öffnungen 26 vollständig verschließen. Analog zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel verschließen die Klappen 32 im Leerlauf oder bei niedriger Last und Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine aufgrund der im Luftfiltergehäuse 12 vorherrschenden Druckverhältnisse die Öffnungen 26, während bei hoher Last und Drehzahl durch den ansteigenden Unterdruck im Luftfiltergehäuse 12 die Klappen 32 selbsttätig nach innen öffnen, so dass ein entsprechender Luftschalldurchtritt möglich ist.In another example, where like components are identified by like reference numerals, the openings 26 provided in the lower housing wall 24 are monitored by flexible flaps 32. The z. Materials made of rubber o. Ä. Existing flaps 32 are articulated on a longitudinal side of the rectangular openings 26 and adapted in size to the size of the openings 26 so that they in the closed position (see Fig. 5, 7), the openings 26th completely close. Analogous to the first embodiment, the flaps 32 close at idle or at low load and speed of the internal combustion engine due to the prevailing pressure in the air filter housing 12, the openings 26, while at high load and speed by the rising negative pressure in the air filter housing 12, the flaps 32 open automatically inward, so that a corresponding airborne sound passage is possible.

Claims (3)

  1. An air filter for an internal-combustion engine with an air-filter housing, the housing walls of which enclose a filter space in which a filter element is arranged, as well as with an inlet (14) and an outlet (16), wherein openings (26), which can be closed in a manner dependent upon the operating state of the internal-combustion engine, and vice versa, are formed at least in a housing wall (24) of the air-filter housing (12), characterized in that a plate element (28), which is provided with openings (30) and is guided in the air-filter housing (12) and which is arranged so as to be displaceable with respect to the housing wall (24) provided with the openings (26), is provided in the air-filter housing (12).
  2. An air filter according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate element (28) is controlled by a vacuum cell (34) which is attached to a vacuum reservoir.
  3. An air filter according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plate element (28) rests as an underbody on the base wall (24) of the air-filter housing (12).
EP03001407A 2002-02-09 2003-01-22 Air filter for a combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP1335124B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10205416 2002-02-09
DE10205416 2002-02-09
DE10213604A DE10213604A1 (en) 2002-02-09 2002-03-27 Air filter for an internal combustion engine
DE10213604 2002-03-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1335124A1 EP1335124A1 (en) 2003-08-13
EP1335124B1 true EP1335124B1 (en) 2004-12-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03001407A Expired - Lifetime EP1335124B1 (en) 2002-02-09 2003-01-22 Air filter for a combustion engine

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US (1) US6824591B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1335124B1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
US20030172812A1 (en) 2003-09-18
EP1335124A1 (en) 2003-08-13
US6824591B2 (en) 2004-11-30

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