EP1334955A2 - Nanostrukturierte Reaktivstoffe - Google Patents
Nanostrukturierte Reaktivstoffe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1334955A2 EP1334955A2 EP03002476A EP03002476A EP1334955A2 EP 1334955 A2 EP1334955 A2 EP 1334955A2 EP 03002476 A EP03002476 A EP 03002476A EP 03002476 A EP03002476 A EP 03002476A EP 1334955 A2 EP1334955 A2 EP 1334955A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactive
- silicon
- substances according
- reactive substances
- oxidizing agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/30—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
Definitions
- the invention relates to nanostructured reactive substances according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- silicon atoms are exposed on the surface of the silicon structures and can react with the oxygen in the pores.
- the energy released by the oxidation reaction causes, among other things, the further removal of hydrogen from the surface of the silicon structures and thus the exposure of silicon atoms, which in turn now react with the oxygen in the environment.
- Partial oxidation of the surface of the silicon structures stabilizes the system. Since liquid oxygen has to be introduced for the reaction, it only takes place at cryogenic temperatures up to ⁇ 90K. The reaction is triggered spontaneously. The reactive system is therefore not stable and cannot be handled in practice.
- the invention is based on the object of a safely manageable nanostructured Propose reactive substance based on fuel and oxidant Nanometer size scale is stable and separated from each other Exposure to energy can be brought together for an explosive reaction.
- a mixture of fuel (silicon) and oxidant on a nanometer scale enables almost direct contact between the fuel and the Oxidizing agent, only separated by a barrier layer. After breaking the barrier layer the fuel and oxidant are spatially close together and can be below React energy release.
- the silicon-oxygen bond is e.g. B. about 18 KJ / mol stronger than the carbon-oxygen bond, which explains the increased energy density.
- the reactive substance according to the invention can be safely handled in the temperature range from - 40 ° C to + 100 ° C and also in the event of unwanted external influences such as impact, fall, Light, heat, electromagnetic fields, scoring or sawing in silicon process lines.
- the reactive substance can be integrated on chips or other components and is suitable for Detonator or igniter for impulse, gas, light, flame and shock wave generating media.
- the invention is suitable as a pulse element for projectiles, for position control of satellites and control of missiles, missiles and projectiles as well as for ignition of explosives and ignition of other charges, such as propellant charges, pyrotechnic charges.
- the reactive substance is also suitable as a chip-integrated, ultra-fast heating element for mass spectroscopic application or for the destruction of EPROMS.
- the reactive substance has a high energy density and energy release rate compared to conventional reactive materials.
- the energy release rate can be freely selected in a simple manner by choosing a suitable geometric structure and / or structure size. It can be set from burn-up to detonation. If the reactive substance is used as an explosive, the energy density is up to a factor of 5 greater than with TNT.
- Porous silicon will by electrochemical etching of crystalline silicon (e.g. silicon wafers, wafers) produced and represents a sponge-like structure, consisting of a silicon framework and pores (holes).
- the mean size, the pores and the remaining after etching Silicon structures, as well as the porosity can be selected by appropriate choice of parameters of the starting material used (substrate doping, etching current density, concentration or composition of the etching solution).
- pores and silicon structures in the range from approximately 1 nm to 1000 nm can be achieved.
- the porosity can be set over a range of 10% -98%. Since the pore network of the porous silicon samples is accessible from the outside (the environment), oxidizing agents can be introduced into the pores. The substances listed below appear suitable.
- the silicon-hydrogen bond is on the surface of the nanostructured framework relatively weak and thus the mixture present on the nanometer size scale is made Fuel (silicon) and oxidizing agent in the pores are relatively unstable.
- Fuel silicon
- oxidizing agent in the pores are relatively unstable.
- To increase the Stability requires additional passivation of the surface of the Silicon scaffold. This can e.g. through oxidation (thermal Treatment of the samples in an oxygen atmosphere) of the porous silicon sample after the Manufacture.
- a barrier or buffer layer is formed (suboxide layer consisting of a submonolayer of oxygen).
- the strength of the passivation can vary according to the duration of the thermal treatment (completeness of the oxidation of the surface) can be set. See the exemplary embodiment for details.
- the barrier layer increases the stability 'of the in the reactive state (filling the pores with oxidizing agent) brought samples.
- the introduced barrier layer can also act as a diffusion barrier for Slowly running oxidation processes act, which lead to a degradation of the reactive mixture.
- the hydrogen-covered surface of the silicon structures in porous silicon Air is not stable to oxidation. Forms in a period of about a year a submonolayer of silicon oxide on the surface of the silicon structures.
- the reactive samples are ignited by supplying energy and breaking the barrier layer on, whereby a direct contact of the fuel (silicon) with the oxidizing agent is achieved.
- Possible ignition mechanisms are shock, temperature increase (e.g. through Current flow or laser pulse), pulsed laser radiation (which, for example, resonates with a Silicon-hydrogen or silicon-oxygen surface bond is located).
- One advantage of this implementation is that, in contrast to porous silicon, there are no "connecting bridges" between the nanometer-sized silicon structures (solid framework) that can easily break when impacted, form free silicon bonds and thus lead to an unintended reaction.
- the compactible body in contrast to porous silicon, can also be shaped geometrically freely.
- Porous silicon with LiNO 3 as an oxidizing agent in the pores :
- Porous silicon is produced by electrochemically etching a silicon wafer (surface (100), specific conductivity 8 ohm centimeters) with an etching solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF 49 percent by weight in water) and ethanol (1: 1 by volume).
- the etching current density is 50 mA / cm 2 .
- the etching time is 30 minutes.
- the sample is annealed at 200 ° C in air for 1600 minutes
- the surface of the silicon structures is covered with a submonolayer (an atomic layer passivated under the surface of the silicon structures).
- the surface of the However, silicon structures remain covered with hydrogen.
- One more way consists of annealing at 700 ° C for 30 seconds. The will also Removed hydrogen from the surface of the silicon structures.
- the stability of the reactive samples filled with oxidizing agents can be slight or strong can be increased compared to the samples without tempering.
- a saturated solution of lithium nitrate LiNO 3 in methanol is applied to the sample.
- This saturated solution is drawn into the pores by capillary action.
- the solvent is evaporated.
- the application of the solution can be repeated several times in order to fill the pores as completely as possible with LiNO 3 .
- Metal contacts are then evaporated onto the porous silicon sample, to which a voltage is applied in order to trigger the reaction between silicon and the oxygen from the LiNO 3 .
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Auslösung der Reaktion erfolgt spontan. Das reaktive System ist somit nicht stabil und in der Praxis nicht handhabbar.
Wird der Reaktivstoff als Sprengstoff eingesetzt, so ist die Energiedichte um bis zu einem Faktor 5 größer als bei TNT.
Da das Porennetzwerk der porösen Siliciumproben von außen (der Umgebung) her zugänglich ist, können Oxidationsmittel in die Poren eingebracht werden. Geeignet erscheinen die nachgenannten aufgeführten Substanzen.
Claims (14)
- Nanostrukturierte, poröse Reaktivstoffe, bestehend aus Reaktivkörpern,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass deren Hohlräume, die im Größenbereich von 1-1000 nm liegen,
mit Oxidationsmittel versehen sind, und
die Reaktivstoffe aus voneinander unabhängigen, schutzschichtummantelten, reaktiven Partikeln bestehen. - Nanostrukturierte, poröse Reaktivstoffe, bestehend aus Reaktivkörpern,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche vollständig oxidiert ist, und deren Hohlräume mit Oxidationsmitteln versehen sind. - Reaktivstoffe nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzschicht aus einem dritten Material, zusätzlich zu Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel, besteht und chemisch, elektrochemisch, thermisch oder physikalisch aus einem Brennstoff aufgebaut ist. - Reaktivstoffe nach einem der Ansprüche 1-2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktivkörper aus Silicium, Bor, Aluminium, Titan oder Zirkon besteht. - Reaktivstoffe nach einem der Ansprüche 1-2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens partielles Suboxid die Oberfläche des Reaktivkörpers (Brennstoffs) aus Silicium bedeckt. - Reaktivstoffe nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktivkörper aus einzelnen, voneinander unabhängigen Nanokristallen besteht. - Reaktivstoffe nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nanostrukturierten Reaktivkörper nicht kristallin sondern amorph bzw. teilkristallin sind. - Reaktivstoffe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Oxidatoren vorgesehen sind- Alkali-Metall-Nitrate:
- M+NO3 -, M+ = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+
- Erdalkalimetall-Nitrate:
- M2+(NO3 -)2, M2+ = Ca, Sr2+, Ba2+
- Perchlorate der Alkali-und:
- M+ClO4 -,
- Erdalkalimetalle
- M2+ (ClO4 -)2,
- Ammoniumperchlorat:
- NH4ClO4
- Ammoniumnitrate:
- NH4NO3
- Peroxide:
- H2O2 (stabilisiert, flüssig)
- Flüssige Oxidatoren:
- NH2-NH2, NH2-NH3 +NO3 -, NH2-OH
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Reaktivstoffen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die reaktiven Sperrschichten zur Verhinderung einer frühzeitigen Oxidation durch chemische, elektrochemische, physikalische Verfahren oder durch Aufdampfverfahren aufgebracht werden. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Siliciumwafer mit Flusssäure und Ethanol elektrochemische geätzt und anschließend in sauerstoffhaltiger Atmosphäre getempert wird, danach der prozessierte Siliciumwafer mit einem Oxidationsmittel befüllt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperung bei 20-1000°C erfolgt. - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Reaktivstoffen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Oxidationsmittel mehrfach in die Poren eingebracht wird, um den Füllgrad mit Oxidationsmittel zu variieren. - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Reaktivstoffen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf das reaktive Brennstoff-Oxidationsmittel-System Metallkontakte aufgebracht werden. - Reaktivstoffe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mit einem Oxidator und/oder Sperrschicht versehenen Reaktivkörper zu einem Körper verpresst werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10204895 | 2002-02-06 | ||
| DE10204895A DE10204895B4 (de) | 2002-02-06 | 2002-02-06 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Reaktivstoffen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1334955A2 true EP1334955A2 (de) | 2003-08-13 |
| EP1334955A3 EP1334955A3 (de) | 2012-06-13 |
Family
ID=27588435
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03002476A Withdrawn EP1334955A3 (de) | 2002-02-06 | 2003-02-05 | Nanostrukturierte Reaktivstoffe |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6803244B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1334955A3 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10204895B4 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2921920A1 (fr) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-10 | Saint Louis Inst | Composition explosive comportant un premier materiau organique infiltre dans un second materiau microporeux |
| EP2173688A4 (de) * | 2007-07-06 | 2012-07-25 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum mischen und zünden einer pyrotechnischen ladung |
| EP2469217A3 (de) * | 2010-12-26 | 2014-07-16 | Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd | System zum Sichern und Entsichern einer Zündvorrichtung |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2839505B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-07 | 2005-07-15 | Univ Claude Bernard Lyon | Procede pour modifier les proprietes d'une couche mince et substrat faisant application du procede |
| US7942989B2 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2011-05-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Porous silicon-based explosive |
| DE102004001510B4 (de) * | 2004-01-09 | 2012-02-16 | Horst Laucht | Explosionsfähige Zusammensetzung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verwendung der explosionsfähigen Zusammensetzung |
| DE102004005687B4 (de) * | 2004-02-05 | 2018-05-17 | Trw Automotive Gmbh | Gurtstraffersystem für Kraftfahrzeuge |
| DE102005011535B4 (de) * | 2004-03-10 | 2010-05-12 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Mehrmodaler Sprengstoff |
| WO2006058349A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-06-01 | The University Of Pretoria | Detonator device |
| DE102005003579B4 (de) * | 2005-01-26 | 2010-11-04 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnischer Satz, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
| AU2006212875B2 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2011-06-02 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | Delay units and methods of making the same |
| WO2006094531A1 (de) | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-14 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Mehrmodaler sprengstoff |
| WO2007037787A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2007-04-05 | Vesta Research, Ltd. | Porous silicon particles |
| DE102006019856A1 (de) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-08 | Admedes Schuessler Gmbh | Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Werkstoffen unter Verwendung von porösem Silizium als Sprengstoff |
| US7942988B2 (en) * | 2007-05-08 | 2011-05-17 | Vesta Research, Ltd. | Shaped, flexible fuel and energetic system therefrom |
| SE0701450L (sv) | 2007-06-14 | 2008-03-11 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Pyroteknisk tändsats innefattande ett poröst material |
| US8257520B2 (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2012-09-04 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Organized energetic composites based on micro and nanostructures and methods thereof |
| WO2011112647A1 (en) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-09-15 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | Sealer elements, detonators containing the same, and methods of making |
| WO2013082634A2 (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-06 | Ael Mining Services Limited | Base charge explosive formulation |
| RU2522323C1 (ru) * | 2012-12-29 | 2014-07-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана" (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) | Микроэлектромеханический взрыватель |
| RU2522362C1 (ru) * | 2012-12-29 | 2014-07-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) | Микроэлектромеханический взрыватель изохорический |
| US12595722B2 (en) * | 2024-06-26 | 2026-04-07 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Systems and methods for well perforation |
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| US3191535A (en) * | 1959-05-25 | 1965-06-29 | Dow Chemical Co | Solid cellular metallic propellants |
| US3259532A (en) * | 1963-07-24 | 1966-07-05 | Reynolds Metals Co | Combustion system comprising sponge metal, liquid oxygen, and finely divided carbon |
| US4989515A (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-02-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Ignitor with stable low-energy thermite igniting system |
| GB9216517D0 (en) * | 1992-08-04 | 1992-09-23 | Ici Plc | Pyrotechnic sheet material |
| US5650590A (en) * | 1995-09-25 | 1997-07-22 | Morton International, Inc. | Consolidated thermite compositions |
| US5885321A (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1999-03-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Preparation of fine aluminum powders by solution methods |
| PT942780E (pt) * | 1997-09-09 | 2003-11-28 | Lyotropic Therapeutics Inc | Particulas revestidas processos de obtencao e uso |
| US6203864B1 (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 2001-03-20 | Nec Corporation | Method of forming a heterojunction of a carbon nanotube and a different material, method of working a filament of a nanotube |
| US6454886B1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2002-09-24 | Technanogy, Llc | Composition and method for preparing oxidizer matrix containing dispersed metal particles |
| US6503350B2 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2003-01-07 | Technanogy, Llc | Variable burn-rate propellant |
| DE10011253A1 (de) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-13 | Juergen Carstensen | Kontrollierte Porenätzung in Halbleitern |
| WO2001094276A2 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Metal-oxide-based energetic material synthesis using sol-gel chemistry |
| US6915964B2 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2005-07-12 | Innovative Technology, Inc. | System and process for solid-state deposition and consolidation of high velocity powder particles using thermal plastic deformation |
| DE10162413B4 (de) * | 2001-12-19 | 2006-12-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Integriertes Spreng- oder Zündelement und dessen Verwendung |
-
2002
- 2002-02-06 DE DE10204895A patent/DE10204895B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-02-05 EP EP03002476A patent/EP1334955A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-02-06 US US10/360,429 patent/US6803244B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2173688A4 (de) * | 2007-07-06 | 2012-07-25 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum mischen und zünden einer pyrotechnischen ladung |
| US8603271B2 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2013-12-10 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Method and device for mixing and initiating a pyrotechnic charge |
| FR2921920A1 (fr) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-10 | Saint Louis Inst | Composition explosive comportant un premier materiau organique infiltre dans un second materiau microporeux |
| EP2045230A3 (de) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-12-30 | Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis | Explosive Zusammensetzung, die aus einem organischen Material, das ein weiteres mikroporöses Material durchdringt, besteht |
| EP2469217A3 (de) * | 2010-12-26 | 2014-07-16 | Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd | System zum Sichern und Entsichern einer Zündvorrichtung |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10204895B4 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
| DE10204895A1 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
| EP1334955A3 (de) | 2012-06-13 |
| US6803244B2 (en) | 2004-10-12 |
| US20030148569A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
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