US6803244B2 - Nanostructured reactive substance and process for producing the same - Google Patents

Nanostructured reactive substance and process for producing the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US6803244B2
US6803244B2 US10/360,429 US36042903A US6803244B2 US 6803244 B2 US6803244 B2 US 6803244B2 US 36042903 A US36042903 A US 36042903A US 6803244 B2 US6803244 B2 US 6803244B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
reactive substance
substance according
silicon
reactive
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US10/360,429
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
US20030148569A1 (en
Inventor
Joachim Diener
Egon Gross
Nicolai Künzer
Manfred Schildknecht
Karl Rudolf
Heinz Hofmann
Dimitri Kovalev
Victor Timosnenko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Diehl Munitionssysteme GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diehl Munitionssysteme GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Diehl Munitionssysteme GmbH and Co KG
Publication of US20030148569A1 publication Critical patent/US20030148569A1/en
Assigned to DIEHL MUNITIONSSYTEME GMBH & CO. KG reassignment DIEHL MUNITIONSSYTEME GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DIENER, JOACHIM, GROSS, EGON, HOFMANN, HEINZ, KOVALEV, DIMITRI, KUNZER, NICOLAI, RUDOLF, KARL, TIMOSNENKO, VICTOR, SCHILDKNECHT, MANFRED
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6803244B2 publication Critical patent/US6803244B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
    • C06B45/30—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to nanostructured reactive substances formed as reactive bodies.
  • the invention also relates to a process for producing reactive substances.
  • the reaction occurs in a temperature range of between 4.2 K and about 90 K.
  • the hydrogen atoms on the surface of the silicon structures in that case play the part of a buffer or barrier layer which prevents direct contact of the fuel silicon with the oxidizing agent liquid oxygen.
  • silicon atoms are exposed at the surface of the silicon structures and can react with the oxygen in the pores.
  • the energy of the oxidation reaction which is liberated in that situation causes, inter alia, the further removal of hydrogen from the surface of the silicon structures and thus exposure of silicon atoms which in turn then react with the oxygen in the ambient atmosphere.
  • Partial oxidation of the surface of the silicon structures results in stabilization of the system.
  • liquid oxygen has to be introduced for the reaction, the reaction only takes place at cryogenic temperatures to ⁇ 90 K. Triggering of the reaction takes place spontaneously. The reactive system is therefore not stable and cannot be handled in practice.
  • Gd(NO 3 ) 3 *6H 2 O gadolinium nitrate
  • a nanostructured porous reactive substance formed as a reactive body, comprising mutually independent reactive particles defining cavities therebetween.
  • the cavities have a range of sizes of 1-1000 nm.
  • Barrier layers encase the particles and an oxidizing agent is disposed in the cavities.
  • a nanostructured porous reactive substance formed as a reactive body, comprising a completely oxidized surface having cavities.
  • An oxidizing agent is disposed in the cavities.
  • a process for producing a reactive substance which comprises applying the reactive barrier layers for preventing premature oxidation.
  • the barrier layers are applied by a chemical, electrochemical, physical or vapor deposition process.
  • a process for producing a reactive substance which comprises introducing the oxidizing agent into the cavities multiple times. This is done to vary a degree of filling with the oxidizing agent.
  • a process for producing a reactive substance which comprises forming a reactive fuel-oxidizing agent system from the particles or the surface and the oxidizing agent. Metal contacts are applied to the reactive fuel-oxidizing agent system.
  • Intermixing of fuel (silicon) and oxidizing agent on a nanometer size scale permits virtually direct contact between the fuel and the oxidizing agent, only separated by a protective of barrier layer. After the barrier layer is broken open the fuel and the oxidizing agent are spatially directly together and can react, with the liberation of energy.
  • the silicon-oxygen bond is, for example, about 18 KJ/mol stronger than the carbon-oxygen bond, thereby explaining the increased energy density.
  • the virtually independent adjustability of porosity and mean size of the silicon structures or pores means that it is possible to adjust the amount of the educts involved in the reaction in such a way that the progress thereof can be influenced.
  • the parameters with respect to porosity and mean pore or silicon structure size are to be matched to the oxidizing agent in such a way that optimum quantitative ratios which follow from stoichiometry apply.
  • the reactive substance according to the invention can be safely handled in the temperature range of between ⁇ 40° C. and +100° C. and even in situations involving unwanted external effects such as impact, being dropped, light, heat, electromagnetic fields, scratching or sawing in silicon process lines.
  • the reactive substance can be integrated on chips or other devices and is suitable for fuses or igniters for pulse-producing, gas-producing, light-producing, flame-producing and shock wave-producing media.
  • the invention is suitable as a pulse element for projectiles, for the positional regulation of satellites and control of rockets, flying objects, missiles and projectiles and for firing explosives and igniting other charges such as propellant charges and pyrotechnic charges.
  • the reactive substance is suitable as a chip-integrated ultra-fast heating element for mass-spectroscopic use or for the destruction of EPROMs.
  • the reactive substance has a high energy density and energy liberation rate in comparison with conventional reactive materials.
  • the energy liberation rate can be freely selected in a simple manner by the choice of a suitable geometrical structure and/or structure size. It can be set to range from burning to detonation. If the reactive substance is used as an explosive, the energy density is around up to a factor of 5 greater than in the case of TNT.
  • the parameters which are characteristic of an explosion are, for example:
  • Porous silicon is produced by electrochemical etching of crystalline silicon (for example silicon discs, wafers) and represents a spongy structure including a silicon lattice and pores or cavities (holes).
  • the mean size of the pores and the silicon structures remaining after the etching operation and porosity (defined as the proportion by volume of the pores to the total volume of the porous silicon sample) can be adjusted by suitable selection of the parameters of the starting material being used (substrate doping, etching current density, concentration or composition of the etching solution).
  • oxidizing agents can be introduced into the pores.
  • the specified substances listed hereinbelow appear suitable.
  • the surface of the remaining silicon structures is covered with a monolayer of atomic hydrogen. If an oxidizing agent is now in the pores of the porous silicon sample, it is sufficient to break open a silicon-hydrogen bond at the surface of the silicon structures by the action of energy and thus to achieve contact of the silicon, which is now exposed, with the oxidizing agent. In that situation, the silicon oxidizes with the liberation of energy. That results in the breakage of further bonds of the passivated surface of the silicon lattice and that consequently results in a chain reaction in which further silicon is oxidized.
  • the silicon-hydrogen bond at the surface of the nanostructured lattice is relatively weak and thus the mixture of fuel (silicon) and oxidizing agent which is present on the nanometer size scale in the pores is relatively unstable. It is necessary to effect additional passivation of the surface of the silicon lattice in order to increase stability. That can be effected, for example, by an oxidation operation (heat treatment of the samples in an oxygen atmosphere) with respect to the porous silicon sample after manufacture. A barrier or buffer layer is formed (sub-oxide layer including a sub-monolayer of oxygen). The strength of the passivation effect can be adjusted according to the respective duration of the heat treatment (completeness of the oxidation of the surface). Attention is directed to the specific embodiment for details in that respect.
  • the barrier or protective layer increases the stability of the samples which are put into the reactive condition (filling of the pores with oxidizing agent).
  • the barrier layer which is produced can also function as a diffusion barrier for oxidation processes that take place slowly and which can result in degradation of the reactive mixture. It is to be noted in the given example of use that the hydrogen-covered surface of the silicon structures in porous silicon in air is not stable in relation to oxidation. A sub-monolayer of silicon oxide is formed at the surface of the silicon structures in a period of approximately a year. In the case of a reactive mixture of non-tempered porous silicon and oxidizing agent, this means that the properties of the explosive reaction and the firing mechanism (firing threshold) vary over the course of time.
  • Firing of the reactive samples is effected by a supply of energy and breaks open the barrier layer, thereby providing for direct contact of the fuel (silicon) with the oxidizing agent.
  • Possible firing mechanisms are impact, an increase in temperature (for example by a flow of current or a laser pulse), and pulsed laser radiation (which is, for example, in resonance with a silicon-hydrogen or silicon-oxygen surface bond).
  • An advantage of this implementation is that, in contrast to the porous silicon, there are no “connecting arms” between the nanometer-size silicon structures (solid body lattice), which can easily break under the effect of an impact, can form free silicon bonds and can thus result in an unintended reaction.
  • the compactable body, in contrast to porous silicon, can also be geometrically freely shaped.
  • porous silicon with LiNO 3 is provided as an oxidizing agent in the pores or cavities:
  • Porous silicon is produced by electrochemical etching of a silicon wafer (surface (100), specific conductivity 8 ohmcentimeter) with an etching solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF 49 percent by weight in water) and ethanol (proportion by volume 1:1).
  • the etching current density is 50 mA/cm 2 .
  • the etching time is 30 minutes.
  • the sample is tempered at 200° C. in air for 1600 minutes, in which case the surface of the silicon structures is passivated with a sub-monolayer (one atom layer under the surface of the silicon structures) of oxygen. However, the surface of the silicon structures remains covered with hydrogen.
  • a further possible option lies in tempering at 700° C. for 30 seconds. In that case, the hydrogen at the surface of the silicon structures is also removed.
  • the stability of the reactive samples filled with oxidizing agent can be slightly or greatly increased in relation to the samples without tempering, depending on the nature of the respective tempering operation.
  • a saturated solution of lithium nitrate LiNO 3 in methanol is applied to the sample. That saturated solution is sucked into the pores or cavities by a capillary action. The solvent is evaporated. Application of the solution can be repeated a plurality of times in order to fill the pores with LiNO 3 as completely as possible.
  • Metal contacts are now vapor-deposited on the porous silicon sample, with a voltage being applied to the contacts to trigger the reaction between silicon and the oxygen from the LiNO 3 .

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
US10/360,429 2002-02-06 2003-02-06 Nanostructured reactive substance and process for producing the same Expired - Fee Related US6803244B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10204895 2002-02-06
DE10204895A DE10204895B4 (de) 2002-02-06 2002-02-06 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Reaktivstoffen
DE10204895.9 2002-02-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20030148569A1 US20030148569A1 (en) 2003-08-07
US6803244B2 true US6803244B2 (en) 2004-10-12

Family

ID=27588435

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/360,429 Expired - Fee Related US6803244B2 (en) 2002-02-06 2003-02-06 Nanostructured reactive substance and process for producing the same

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US6803244B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1334955A3 (de)
DE (1) DE10204895B4 (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040244889A1 (en) * 2002-12-10 2004-12-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Porous silicon-based explosive
US20050229837A1 (en) * 2002-05-07 2005-10-20 Olivier Marty Method of altering the properties of a thin film and substrate implementing said method
US20060236887A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-10-26 John Childs Delay units and methods of making the same
US20060251562A1 (en) * 2005-05-09 2006-11-09 Vesta Research, Ltd. Porous Silicon Particles
US20080178974A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2008-07-31 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co., Kg Multimodal explosive
US20090101251A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2009-04-23 Vesta Research, Ltd. Shaped, Flexible Fuel and Energetic System Therefrom
US20100212787A1 (en) * 2009-02-24 2010-08-26 Gash Alexander E Organized energetic composites based on micro and nanostructures and methods thereof
EP2469217A2 (de) 2010-12-26 2012-06-27 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd System zum Sichern und Entsichern einer Zündvorrichtung
WO2013082634A3 (en) * 2011-11-30 2013-10-10 Ael Mining Services Limited Base charge explosive formulation
RU2522323C1 (ru) * 2012-12-29 2014-07-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана" (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) Микроэлектромеханический взрыватель
RU2522362C1 (ru) * 2012-12-29 2014-07-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) Микроэлектромеханический взрыватель изохорический
US8794152B2 (en) 2010-03-09 2014-08-05 Dyno Nobel Inc. Sealer elements, detonators containing the same, and methods of making

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004001510B4 (de) * 2004-01-09 2012-02-16 Horst Laucht Explosionsfähige Zusammensetzung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verwendung der explosionsfähigen Zusammensetzung
DE102004005687B4 (de) * 2004-02-05 2018-05-17 Trw Automotive Gmbh Gurtstraffersystem für Kraftfahrzeuge
DE102005011535B4 (de) * 2004-03-10 2010-05-12 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Mehrmodaler Sprengstoff
WO2006058349A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-06-01 The University Of Pretoria Detonator device
DE102005003579B4 (de) * 2005-01-26 2010-11-04 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Pyrotechnischer Satz, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und seine Verwendung
DE102006019856A1 (de) * 2006-04-28 2007-11-08 Admedes Schuessler Gmbh Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Werkstoffen unter Verwendung von porösem Silizium als Sprengstoff
SE0701450L (sv) 2007-06-14 2008-03-11 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Pyroteknisk tändsats innefattande ett poröst material
SE531342C2 (sv) * 2007-07-06 2009-03-03 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Förfarande och anordning för blandning och initiering av en pyroteknisk sats
FR2921920B1 (fr) * 2007-10-05 2011-07-08 Saint Louis Inst Composition explosive comportant un premier materiau organique infiltre dans un second materiau microporeux
US12595722B2 (en) * 2024-06-26 2026-04-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems and methods for well perforation

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6203864B1 (en) * 1998-06-08 2001-03-20 Nec Corporation Method of forming a heterojunction of a carbon nanotube and a different material, method of working a filament of a nanotube
US20020168466A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2002-11-14 Tapphorn Ralph M. System and process for solid-state deposition and consolidation of high velocity powder particles using thermal plastic deformation
US6482517B1 (en) * 1997-09-09 2002-11-19 Select Release, L.C. Coated particles, methods of making and using

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3191535A (en) * 1959-05-25 1965-06-29 Dow Chemical Co Solid cellular metallic propellants
US3259532A (en) * 1963-07-24 1966-07-05 Reynolds Metals Co Combustion system comprising sponge metal, liquid oxygen, and finely divided carbon
US4989515A (en) * 1989-08-08 1991-02-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Ignitor with stable low-energy thermite igniting system
GB9216517D0 (en) * 1992-08-04 1992-09-23 Ici Plc Pyrotechnic sheet material
US5650590A (en) * 1995-09-25 1997-07-22 Morton International, Inc. Consolidated thermite compositions
US5885321A (en) * 1996-07-22 1999-03-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Preparation of fine aluminum powders by solution methods
US6454886B1 (en) * 1999-11-23 2002-09-24 Technanogy, Llc Composition and method for preparing oxidizer matrix containing dispersed metal particles
US6503350B2 (en) * 1999-11-23 2003-01-07 Technanogy, Llc Variable burn-rate propellant
DE10011253A1 (de) * 2000-03-08 2001-09-13 Juergen Carstensen Kontrollierte Porenätzung in Halbleitern
WO2001094276A2 (en) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-13 The Regents Of The University Of California Metal-oxide-based energetic material synthesis using sol-gel chemistry
DE10162413B4 (de) * 2001-12-19 2006-12-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Integriertes Spreng- oder Zündelement und dessen Verwendung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6482517B1 (en) * 1997-09-09 2002-11-19 Select Release, L.C. Coated particles, methods of making and using
US6203864B1 (en) * 1998-06-08 2001-03-20 Nec Corporation Method of forming a heterojunction of a carbon nanotube and a different material, method of working a filament of a nanotube
US20020168466A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2002-11-14 Tapphorn Ralph M. System and process for solid-state deposition and consolidation of high velocity powder particles using thermal plastic deformation

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Kovalev, D. et al.: "Strong Explosive Interaction of Hydrogenated Porous Silicon with Oxygen at Cryogenic Temperatures", The American Physical Society, Physical Review Letters, vol. 87, No. 6, Aug. 6, 2001, pp. 068301-1 to 068301-4.
Mikulec, F. V. et al.: "Explosive Nanocrystalline Porous Silicon and Its Use in Atomic Emission Spectroscopy", Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Adv. Mater. 2002, 14, No. 1, Jan. 4, 2002, pp. 38-41.

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050229837A1 (en) * 2002-05-07 2005-10-20 Olivier Marty Method of altering the properties of a thin film and substrate implementing said method
US7553369B2 (en) * 2002-05-07 2009-06-30 Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Method of altering the properties of a thin film and substrate implementing said method
US7942989B2 (en) * 2002-12-10 2011-05-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Porous silicon-based explosive
US20040244889A1 (en) * 2002-12-10 2004-12-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Porous silicon-based explosive
US7650840B2 (en) 2005-02-08 2010-01-26 Dyno Nobel Inc. Delay units and methods of making the same
US20060236887A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-10-26 John Childs Delay units and methods of making the same
US8245643B2 (en) 2005-02-08 2012-08-21 Dyno Nobel Inc. Delay units and methods of making the same
US20100064924A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2010-03-18 John Childs Delay units and methods of making the same
US20080178974A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2008-07-31 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co., Kg Multimodal explosive
US7985308B2 (en) 2005-03-10 2011-07-26 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co., Kg Multimodal explosive
US20060251562A1 (en) * 2005-05-09 2006-11-09 Vesta Research, Ltd. Porous Silicon Particles
US7560085B2 (en) 2005-05-09 2009-07-14 Vesta Research, Ltd. Porous silicon particles
US7569202B2 (en) 2005-05-09 2009-08-04 Vesta Research, Ltd. Silicon nanosponge particles
US20060251561A1 (en) * 2005-05-09 2006-11-09 Vesta Research, Ltd. Silicon Nanosponge Particles
US20090101251A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2009-04-23 Vesta Research, Ltd. Shaped, Flexible Fuel and Energetic System Therefrom
US7942988B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2011-05-17 Vesta Research, Ltd. Shaped, flexible fuel and energetic system therefrom
US20100212787A1 (en) * 2009-02-24 2010-08-26 Gash Alexander E Organized energetic composites based on micro and nanostructures and methods thereof
US8257520B2 (en) * 2009-02-24 2012-09-04 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Organized energetic composites based on micro and nanostructures and methods thereof
US8794152B2 (en) 2010-03-09 2014-08-05 Dyno Nobel Inc. Sealer elements, detonators containing the same, and methods of making
EP2469217A2 (de) 2010-12-26 2012-06-27 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd System zum Sichern und Entsichern einer Zündvorrichtung
WO2013082634A3 (en) * 2011-11-30 2013-10-10 Ael Mining Services Limited Base charge explosive formulation
RU2522323C1 (ru) * 2012-12-29 2014-07-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана" (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) Микроэлектромеханический взрыватель
RU2522362C1 (ru) * 2012-12-29 2014-07-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) Микроэлектромеханический взрыватель изохорический

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10204895B4 (de) 2004-07-29
DE10204895A1 (de) 2003-08-14
EP1334955A3 (de) 2012-06-13
US20030148569A1 (en) 2003-08-07
EP1334955A2 (de) 2003-08-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6803244B2 (en) Nanostructured reactive substance and process for producing the same
JP4118156B2 (ja) 爆発性組成物およびその用途
Plessis A Decade of Porous Silicon as Nano‐Explosive Material
du Plessis Properties of porous silicon nano-explosive devices
Clement et al. Highly explosive nanosilicon‐based composite materials
US7942989B2 (en) Porous silicon-based explosive
WO2003088379A9 (en) Thermal battery
US7793592B2 (en) Microelectronic pyrotechnical component
Subramanian et al. Nanoporous silicon based energetic materials
du Plessis et al. Nano-explosions in porous silicon
US20090101251A1 (en) Shaped, Flexible Fuel and Energetic System Therefrom
DE20201938U1 (de) Nanostrukturierte Reaktivstoffe
EP2091863B1 (de) Mineralzusammensetzung zum einfangen von wasserstoff, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und verwendung
Plummer et al. The influence of pore size and oxidizing agent on the energetic properties of porous silicon
du Plessis 18 Porous Silicon–Based Explosive Devices
Chowdhury et al. Energetic Characteristics and Reaction Mechanism of Hydrogenated Magnesium Nanoparticles: The Role of Condensed-Phase Reaction
PleSSiS et al. CISTI JCJST
du Plessis Integrated porous silicon nano-explosive devices
Borovikova et al. Optical detonator on the basis of PETN dopped with cobalt nanoparticles
Parimi Characterization of porous silicon for micropyrotechnic applications
Xu Understanding and Tailoring the Reactive Characteristics of Nanoenergetic Composites via Structural and Chemical Modifications
Yang et al. Ultrafast spectroscopy of laser-initiated nanoenergetic materials
Howard et al. Nanoporous Silicon Ignition of JA2 Propellant
Lundgaard Primers: A solid-state alternative to explosive initiators
Mason The combustion performance of nanosilicon based energetic materials

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: DIEHL MUNITIONSSYTEME GMBH & CO. KG, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DIENER, JOACHIM;GROSS, EGON;KUNZER, NICOLAI;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015761/0117;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030121 TO 20030122

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

SULP Surcharge for late payment
FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20121012