EP1334673B1 - Wiper for cosmetic applicators - Google Patents
Wiper for cosmetic applicators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1334673B1 EP1334673B1 EP03001940A EP03001940A EP1334673B1 EP 1334673 B1 EP1334673 B1 EP 1334673B1 EP 03001940 A EP03001940 A EP 03001940A EP 03001940 A EP03001940 A EP 03001940A EP 1334673 B1 EP1334673 B1 EP 1334673B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- applicator
- wiper
- scraper
- shaft
- wiping element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D40/00—Casings or accessories specially adapted for storing or handling solid or pasty toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. shaving soaps or lipsticks
- A45D40/26—Appliances specially adapted for applying pasty paint, e.g. using roller, using a ball
- A45D40/262—Appliances specially adapted for applying pasty paint, e.g. using roller, using a ball using a brush or the like
- A45D40/265—Appliances specially adapted for applying pasty paint, e.g. using roller, using a ball using a brush or the like connected to the cap of the container
- A45D40/267—Appliances specially adapted for applying pasty paint, e.g. using roller, using a ball using a brush or the like connected to the cap of the container comprising a wiper
Definitions
- the invention relates to a scraper for applicators of liquid or pasty media (substrate), in particular for decorative cosmetics such as mascara.
- An applicator is an aid used to apply a cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparation to the skin and / or hair.
- a wiper is a means of adjusting the amount of cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparation on an applicator.
- a suitable scraper can be used for applicators in various fields of application.
- the following is an example of the application of mascara, the so-called mascara, to be assumed, however, the scraper according to the invention is also used in a similar manner for applicators, with which hair dyes, pharmaceuticals or the like. can be applied.
- Applicators which are suitable for the scraper according to the invention have a stiffening core of a first plastic material which is surrounded at least in the region of its front end by a support sleeve made of a second plastic material having a plurality of radially outwardly projecting fingers, which are integrally formed on the support sleeve and made of the second plastic material, wherein a plurality of distributed over the circumference of the support sleeve fingers form a finger ring and wherein in the longitudinal direction of the support sleeve a plurality of finger rings are arranged one behind the other.
- An applicator for mascara should ensure that the mascara is easy to apply evenly.
- the applicator must meet the condition that the eyelashes are first combed before applying the mascara and thus aligned in the desired manner.
- the applicator should be able to absorb so much mascara that all eyelashes can be dyed with the applicator, without having to immerse it several times in the mascara reservoir.
- it In order for the application of the mascara evenly and bum-free, it must be ensured that not excessively mascara adheres to the applicator, which is why this is usually stripped when pulling out of the mascara reservoir.
- a scraper according to the preamble of claim 1 is besged in DE 296 13 996 U.
- the invention has for its object to find a scraper, which has both an improved stripping effect and ensures a good and uniform removal of the brush.
- the second scraping element is set in the pushing direction ( Figure 4, area 8) and is therefore in the starting position which is important for the removal. Previously during the removal stripped substrate is picked up by the brush head and the first wiping element cleaned with it.
- Stripping elements according to the invention are made of a sufficiently flexible material which withstood the requirements of the duration of bending resilience, in particular polypropylene or elastomers.
- Scrapers according to the invention can have constrictions and / or expansions on the outer surface, which enable a stable anchoring in the product container.
- the clear width of the first and second stripping element of the contact pressure to the applicator can be determined by the choice of the clear width of the first and second stripping element of the contact pressure to the applicator and thus the stripping.
- a different clear width of the stripping elements is advantageous, wherein the length of the second stripping element must be adapted to the diameter at the junction of the brush head and shaft.
- Usual inner diameters d 1 are in the range of 2.5 to 10 mm, in particular between 3.5 and 7 mm.
- Typical thicknesses d 2 ( Figure 2) of the second stripping element are in the range of 0.1 to 1 mm. However, dimensioning is heavily dependent on the flexibility of the materials used.
- Usual lengths I 1 are between 0.2 to 1 mm.
- the wiping performance of the second wiping element can be adjusted by its thickness-to-length ratio (ratio of d 2 to I 1 ) to the applicator and substrate used.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Abstreifer für Applikatoren von flüssigen oder pastösen Medien (Substrat), insbesondere für dekorative Kosmetika wie Mascara.The invention relates to a scraper for applicators of liquid or pasty media (substrate), in particular for decorative cosmetics such as mascara.
Bei einem Applikator handelt es sich um ein Hilfsmittel, mit dem eine kosmetische oder pharmazeutische Zubereitung auf die Haut und/oder die Haare aufgebracht wird. Ein Abstreifer ist ein Mittel, mit dem sich die auf einen Applikator befindliche Menge an kosmetischer oder pharmazeutischer Zubereitung einstellen lässt.An applicator is an aid used to apply a cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparation to the skin and / or hair. A wiper is a means of adjusting the amount of cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparation on an applicator.
Ein entsprechender Abstreifer ist für Applikatoren in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen einsetzbar. Im folgenden soll beispielhaft von der Applikation von Wimperntusche, der sogenannten Mascara, ausgegangen werden, jedoch ist der erfindungsgemäße Abstreifer auch in gleichartiger Weise für Applikatoren verwendbar, mit welchem Haarfärbemittel, Pharmazeutika o.ä. aufgetragen werden können.A suitable scraper can be used for applicators in various fields of application. The following is an example of the application of mascara, the so-called mascara, to be assumed, however, the scraper according to the invention is also used in a similar manner for applicators, with which hair dyes, pharmaceuticals or the like. can be applied.
Applikatoren die für die erfindungsgemäßen Abstreifer geeignet sind weisen einen aussteifenden Kern aus einem ersten Kunststoff-Material auf, der zumindest im Bereich seines vorderen Endes von einer Trägerhülse aus einem zweiten Kunststoff-Material umgeben ist, die eine Vielzahl von radial nach außen auskragenden Fingern aufweist, die einstückig an die Trägerhülse angeformt sind und aus dem zweiten Kunststoff-Material bestehen, wobei mehrere über den Umfang der Trägerhülse verteilte Finger einen Fingerkranz bilden und wobei in Längsrichtung der Trägerhülse eine Vielzahl von Fingerkränzen hintereinander angeordnet sind.Applicators which are suitable for the scraper according to the invention have a stiffening core of a first plastic material which is surrounded at least in the region of its front end by a support sleeve made of a second plastic material having a plurality of radially outwardly projecting fingers, which are integrally formed on the support sleeve and made of the second plastic material, wherein a plurality of distributed over the circumference of the support sleeve fingers form a finger ring and wherein in the longitudinal direction of the support sleeve a plurality of finger rings are arranged one behind the other.
Ein Applikator für Mascara sollte sicherstellen, dass die Mascara in einfacher Weise gleichmäßig aufzutragen ist. Zu diesem Zweck muss der Applikator die Voraussetzung erfüllen, dass die Wimpern vor dem Auftragen der Mascara zunächst gekämmt und somit in gewünschter Weise ausgerichtet werden. Darüber hinaus soll der Applikator soviel Mascara aufnehmen können, dass sämtliche Wimpern mit dem Applikator gefärbt werden können, ohne diesen mehrfach in den Mascara-Vorratsbehälter eintauchen zu müssen. Damit der Auftrag der Mascara gleichmäßig und klecksfrei erfolgt, muss sichergestellt sein, dass nicht übermäßig viel Mascara an dem Applikator anhaftet, weshalb dieser üblicherweise beim Herausziehen aus dem Mascara-Vorratsbehälter abgestreift wird.An applicator for mascara should ensure that the mascara is easy to apply evenly. For this purpose, the applicator must meet the condition that the eyelashes are first combed before applying the mascara and thus aligned in the desired manner. In addition, the applicator should be able to absorb so much mascara that all eyelashes can be dyed with the applicator, without having to immerse it several times in the mascara reservoir. In order for the application of the mascara evenly and bum-free, it must be ensured that not excessively mascara adheres to the applicator, which is why this is usually stripped when pulling out of the mascara reservoir.
Bisher war es üblich (US 4,982,838), einen Mascara-Applikator aus mehreren Drähten herzustellen, zwischen denen eine Vielzahl von kurzen Borsten angeordnet werden. Nach Verdrillen der Drähte sind die Borsten fest zwischen den Drähten gehalten.So far, it has been common (US 4,982,838) to produce a mascara applicator of multiple wires, between which a plurality of short bristles are arranged. After twisting the wires, the bristles are held firmly between the wires.
Allgemein gebräuchlich sind einstufige Abstreifer, das heißt Abstreifer, die nur ein abstreifendes Element enthalten und in die Öffnung des Produktbehältnisses eingesetzt sind. Durch Ineinandergreifen von Erhebungen und Aussparungen wird der Abstreifer fest im Flaschenhals gehalten. Die Anwendung dieser Abstreifer bei auf drahtgebundenen Bürsten basierenden Applikatoren funktioniert problemlos. Bei Applikatoren mit dem oben beschriebenen Aufbau, ist die einstufige Abstreifung mit verschiedenen Nachteilen behaftet:
- der Schaft wird nur unzureichend gereinigt, da die lichte Weite des abstreifenden Elementes auf den Durchmesser des Bürstenkopfes abgestellt ist,
- beim Herausziehen der Bürste gibt es ein Hängen an der Stelle an dem die Bürste und der Schaft zusammentreffen, damit ist die gleitende Entnahme von einem störendem Kraftaufwand begleitet, was zu unkontrollierten Bewegungen führen kann und zum bekleckern und verspritzen der Zubereitung führen kann
- eine zu enge Dimensionierung führt zu vakuumdichten Verschluss und damit zu einem vulgären Geräusch bei der Entnahme (typisches Plopp-Geräusch) und
- bei zu geringem Querschnitt ist eine Beschädigung der Applikatorborsten nicht ausgeschlossen.
- the shaft is insufficiently cleaned, since the clear width of the wiping element is placed on the diameter of the brush head,
- when removing the brush, there is a hanging at the point where the brush and the shaft meet, so that the sliding removal is accompanied by a disturbing force, which can lead to uncontrolled movements and can lead to spilling and splashing the preparation
- too narrow a dimensioning leads to a vacuum-tight closure and thus to a vulgar noise during the removal (typical pop-sound) and
- if the cross-section is too small damage to the applicator bristles is not excluded.
Alle diese Probleme sind auf den speziellen Aufbau des Bürstenkopfes zurückzuführen, der im Gegensatz zum drahtgebundenen Bürstenkopf eine geringere Kompressibilität, d.h. größeren Durchmesser bei angelegten Borsten aufweist. Ein Abstreifer gemäβ dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist in der DE 296 13 996 U besbrieben.All of these problems are due to the special construction of the brush head, in contrast to the wired brush head has a lower compressibility, ie larger diameter with applied bristles. A scraper according to the preamble of
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Abstreifer zu finden, der sowohl eine verbesserte Abstreifwirkung hat als auch eine gute und gleichmäßige Entnahme der Bürste gewährleistet.The invention has for its object to find a scraper, which has both an improved stripping effect and ensures a good and uniform removal of the brush.
Überraschend hat sich gezeigt, das diese Aufgabe mit dem im folgenden beschriebenen zweistufigen Abstreifer gelöst wird.Surprisingly, it has been found that this problem is solved with the two-stage scraper described below.
Die Funktionsweise des Abstreifers wird im folgenden, in Zusammenhang mit den Abbildungen 1 bis 4 erläutert. Die Bewegungsrichtung des Applikators gegenüber des Abstreifers ist mit einem Pfeil kenntlich gemacht.The operation of the scraper is explained below, in conjunction with Figures 1 to 4. The direction of movement of the applicator with respect to the wiper is indicated by an arrow.
Bei der Entnahme - dem Herausziehen - des Applikators (3) wird durch das vordere erste abstreifende Element (1) der Schaft grob gereinigt. Beim Hindurchgleiten durch das gegen die Zugrichtung gestellte (Abbildung 1) zweite abstreifende Element (2) erfolgt eine Feinsäuberung des Schaftes (4). Ist die Entnahme soweit erfolgt, das das zweite abstreifende Element sich im Bereich (6) der Fügestelle von Bürstenkopf und Schaft befindet (Abbildung 2), erfolgt die Umkehrung des zweiten abstreifenden Elementes und ein Durchtritt des Bürstenkopfes wird erleichtert. Beim Durchtritt des Bürstenkopfes durch das zweite abstreifende Element (Abbildung 3, Bereich 7), wir dieser vom vom Schaft abgestriffenen Substrat befreit (gereinigt), welches sich gleichmäßig über den Bürstenkopf verteilt.Upon removal - the extraction - of the applicator (3) is roughly cleaned by the front first stripping element (1) of the shaft. When sliding through the Asked against the pulling direction (Figure 1) second stripping element (2) is a fine cleaning of the shaft (4). If the removal has taken place so far that the second stripping element is in the region (6) of the joint of the brush head and shaft (Figure 2), the reversal of the second stripping element takes place and a passage of the brush head is facilitated. As the brush head passes through the second wiping element (Figure 3, area 7), it frees (cleans) the substrate that has been stripped from the shaft, which spreads evenly over the brush head.
Beim Hereinschieben des Applikators in den Vorratsbehälter wird das zweite abstreifende Element in Schubrichtung gestellt (Abbildung 4, Bereich 8) und befindet sich damit in der für die Entnahme wichtigen Ausgangsstellung. Zuvor bei der Entnahme abgestriffenes Substrat wird dabei vom Bürstenkopf aufgenommen und das erste abstreifende Element damit gereinigt.When the applicator is pushed into the storage container, the second scraping element is set in the pushing direction (Figure 4, area 8) and is therefore in the starting position which is important for the removal. Previously during the removal stripped substrate is picked up by the brush head and the first wiping element cleaned with it.
Erfindungsgemäße abstreifende Elemente sind aus einem hinreichend flexiblen Material, welches den Ansprüchen der Dauerbiegebelastbarkeit standhält, insbesondere Polypropylen oder Elastomeren.Stripping elements according to the invention are made of a sufficiently flexible material which withstood the requirements of the duration of bending resilience, in particular polypropylene or elastomers.
Erfindungsgemäße Abstreifer können an der Außenfläche Einschnürungen und/oder Ausweitungen aufweisen, die eine stabile Verankerung im Produktbehältnis ermöglichen.Scrapers according to the invention can have constrictions and / or expansions on the outer surface, which enable a stable anchoring in the product container.
Erfindungsgemäß lassen sich durch die Wahl der lichten Weite des ersten und zweiten abstreifenden Elementes der Anpressdruck an den Applikator und damit die Abstreifleistung festlegen. Insbesondere eine unterschiedliche lichte Weite der abstreifenden Elemente ist vorteilhaft, wobei die Länge des zweiten abstreifenden Elementes dem Durchmesser an der Verbindungsstelle von Bürstenkopf und Schaft angepasst sein muss.According to the invention can be determined by the choice of the clear width of the first and second stripping element of the contact pressure to the applicator and thus the stripping. In particular, a different clear width of the stripping elements is advantageous, wherein the length of the second stripping element must be adapted to the diameter at the junction of the brush head and shaft.
Übliche Innendurchmesser d1 (Abbildung 2) liegen im Bereich von 2,5 bis 10 mm, insbesondere zwischen 3,5 und 7 mm.Usual inner diameters d 1 (Figure 2) are in the range of 2.5 to 10 mm, in particular between 3.5 and 7 mm.
Übliche Dicken d2 (Abbildung 2) des zweiten abstreifenden Elementes liegen im Bereich von 0,1 bis 1 mm. Die Dimensionierung ist aber stark von der Flexibilität der eingesetzten Materialien abhängig.Typical thicknesses d 2 (Figure 2) of the second stripping element are in the range of 0.1 to 1 mm. However, dimensioning is heavily dependent on the flexibility of the materials used.
Übliche Längen I1 (Abbildung 2) betragen zwischen 0,2 bis 1 mm.Usual lengths I 1 (Figure 2) are between 0.2 to 1 mm.
Erfindungsgemäß lässt sich die Abstreifleistung des zweiten abstreifenden Elementes durch dessen Dicken-zu-Längenverhältnis (Verhältnis von d2 zu I1) auf verwendeten Applikator und Substrat einstellen.According to the invention, the wiping performance of the second wiping element can be adjusted by its thickness-to-length ratio (ratio of d 2 to I 1 ) to the applicator and substrate used.
Der erfinderische Abstreifer und seine Wirkungsweise soll im folgenden durch einige Abbildungen veranschaulicht werden, ohne sich durch die Wahl der abgebildeten Beispiele unnötig beschränken zu wollen. Es zeigen:
- Abbildung 1: Herausziehen des Applikators aus dem Behälter
Zweites (innerers) abstreifendes Element (2) ist in Richtung des Behälterbodens gestellt und reinigt den Applikatorschaft (4). - Abbildung 2: Wendepunkt - diese Position wir beim Hereinschieben und Herausziehen des Applikators aus dem Vorratsgefäß durchlaufen. An der Fügestelle von Bürstenkopf (3) und Schaft (4) ist ein Umklappen des zweiten abstreifenden Elements möglich (Bereich 6).
- Abbildung 3: Herausziehen des Applikators aus dem Behälter Innerer Abstreifer ist konträr zur Zugrichtung und streift den Schaft ab. Am Wendepunkt (
Abbildung 2 Bereich 6) klappt das zweite abstreifende Element in Zugrichtung um und steht nun in Zugrichtung (Bereich 7). - Abbildung 4: Hereinschieben des Applikators in den Behälter Zweites (inneres) abstreifendes Element ist in Richtung des Behälterbodens gestellt und ermöglicht so ein einfaches einführen des Applikators (Bereich 8).
- Abbildung 5:
Beispiel für einen Behälter für Mascara, enthaltend einen Flaschenkörper (9), dessen Öffnung einen Flaschenhals (10) ausbildet. Im Flaschenhals ist der Abstreifer (1) durch Verzahnung (Bereich 11) fixiert. Den Verschluss bildet eine Kombination aus einem Applikator mit einem Bürstenkopf (3) und einer Schraubkappe (12), die über den Schaft (4) verbunden sind.
- Figure 1: Pulling the applicator out of the container
Second (inner) stripping element (2) is placed in the direction of the container bottom and cleans the applicator shaft (4). - Figure 2: Turning point - this position is passed through the supply container as the applicator is pushed in and out. At the joint of the brush head (3) and shank (4) a folding over of the second stripping element is possible (area 6).
- Figure 3: Pulling the applicator out of the container Inner scraper is contrary to the pulling direction and wipes off the shaft. At the point of inflection (Figure 2 area 6), the second stripping element folds in the direction of pull and is now in the pulling direction (area 7).
- Figure 4: Inserting the applicator into the container Second (stripping) element is placed in the direction of the bottom of the container, thus allowing easy insertion of the applicator (area 8).
- Figure 5:
Example of a container for mascara, comprising a bottle body (9) whose opening forms a bottleneck (10). In the bottleneck of the scraper (1) by toothing (area 11) is fixed. The closure is a combination of an applicator with a brush head (3) and a screw cap (12), which are connected via the shaft (4).
Claims (5)
- Wiper for applicators for liquid or pasty media, in particular for decorative cosmetics such as mascara, the wiper comprising a first and a second wiping element (1, 2) and the second wiping element (2) being set in the pushing direction (8 - Figure 4b) when the applicator is inserted and thus being set counter to the pulling direction (2 - Figure 1b) in the region of the applicator shaft when the applicator is pulled out, folding back (6 - Figure 2) at the join of brush head and shaft and being set in the pulling direction (7 - Figure 3) when the brush head passes through, characterized in that the first wiping element (1) is arranged in front of the second wiping element (2) in the pulling direction.
- Wiper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second wiping element (2) cleans the applicator shaft when the applicator is pulled out.
- Wiper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second wiper (2) has the following dimensions:- inside diameter d1 = 2.5 to 10 mm, in particular 3.5 to 7 mm (d1 - Figure 2a) and- thickness d2 = 0.1 to 1 mm (d2 - Figure 2a) and- length l1 = 0.2 to 1 mm (l1 - Figure 2a).
- Containers for cosmetic or dermatological preparations, characterized in that they comprise a wiper according to at least one of the preceding claims in the region of the container opening.
- Use of wipers according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4 for regulating the amount removed from containers for cosmetic and dermatological products.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10205514A DE10205514B4 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2002-02-08 | Scrapers for cosmetics applicators |
| DE10205514 | 2002-02-08 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1334673A2 EP1334673A2 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
| EP1334673A3 EP1334673A3 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
| EP1334673B1 true EP1334673B1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
Family
ID=27588516
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03001940A Expired - Lifetime EP1334673B1 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2003-01-30 | Wiper for cosmetic applicators |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1334673B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE327698T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10205514B4 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2265068T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2868268B1 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2006-05-05 | Techpack Int Sa | IMPROVED SPRINKLER AND PRODUCT DISPENSER COMPRISING SAID SPINNER |
| DE102004048544B4 (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2013-06-06 | Geka Gmbh | Scraper for cosmetics applicator |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4627454A (en) * | 1974-01-08 | 1986-12-09 | Dahm Klaus Peter | Cosmetic stick with applicator |
| US4527575A (en) * | 1981-09-14 | 1985-07-09 | The Bridgeport Metal Goods Manufacturing Co. | Contoured flocked cosmetics brush flexers |
| US4982838A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1991-01-08 | Georg Karl Geka-Brush Gmbh | Disposable mascara tester |
| DE4216525A1 (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1993-11-25 | Geka Brush Georg Karl Gmbh | Eyelash mascara applicator with handle and container forming unit - has empty cavity connected to storage container for disinfectant, semi permeable membrane and wiper sealing parts |
| US5349972A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-09-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dual wiper mascara package having residual chamber with bypass channel |
| DE60022828T2 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2006-07-06 | Geka Brush Gmbh | Cosmetic unit and its composition |
-
2002
- 2002-02-08 DE DE10205514A patent/DE10205514B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-01-30 AT AT03001940T patent/ATE327698T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-30 DE DE50303527T patent/DE50303527D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-30 ES ES03001940T patent/ES2265068T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-30 EP EP03001940A patent/EP1334673B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE327698T1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
| DE50303527D1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| EP1334673A3 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
| ES2265068T3 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
| DE10205514B4 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
| EP1334673A2 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
| DE10205514A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
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