EP1334536A2 - Antenne a fente a cavite repliee - Google Patents

Antenne a fente a cavite repliee

Info

Publication number
EP1334536A2
EP1334536A2 EP01968077A EP01968077A EP1334536A2 EP 1334536 A2 EP1334536 A2 EP 1334536A2 EP 01968077 A EP01968077 A EP 01968077A EP 01968077 A EP01968077 A EP 01968077A EP 1334536 A2 EP1334536 A2 EP 1334536A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
cavity
housing
slot
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01968077A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1334536B1 (fr
Inventor
Kenneth W. Brown
Thomas A. Drake
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Co
Original Assignee
Raytheon Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raytheon Co filed Critical Raytheon Co
Priority to AT01968077T priority Critical patent/ATE341110T1/de
Publication of EP1334536A2 publication Critical patent/EP1334536A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1334536B1 publication Critical patent/EP1334536B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/06—Cavity resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antennas. More specifically, the present invention relates to slot antennas used in high-power applications.
  • the individual antenna elements of a wide-scan phased array antenna must typically be spaced very close together. More specifically, the individual antenna elements must generally be spaced approximately one-half of a free-space wavelength apart from one another.
  • antenna elements that are of such compact design.
  • none of the presently available antennas, compact enough for use in a wide-scan phased array antenna are capable of handling very high average power levels while simultaneously providing very accurate polarization, e.g., circular polarization, over a very large angular region (e.g., +/- 50° in both planes).
  • very accurate polarization e.g., circular polarization
  • a very large angular region e.g., +/- 50° in both planes.
  • there are a number of applications, including high-power wide-scan phased array antennas that require an extremely compact antenna design that satisfies these constraints.
  • the following brief review of the presently available antenna technology should serve to illustrate the following brief review of the presently available antenna technology should
  • Circularly polarized patch antennas can be made smaller than one-half of a free-space wavelength, but only through the use of a dielectric, thereby rendering the patch antenna inadequate for high power applications.
  • a circularly polarized ridged waveguide antenna having a slot formed in a surface thereof can be made smaller than one-half of a free-space wavelength.
  • a rectangular cavity-backed slot antenna can be constructed that can handle high power levels (i.e., no dielectric is required).
  • the cross-sectional dimensions of the cavity must be greater than one-half of a free-space wavelength (typically, 7/10th of a wavelength on edge) for the device to be operative. The reason that the dimensions of the cavity must be greater than one-half of a free-space wavelength is due to the fact that in order for the cavity to resonate, the rectangular dimensions must be equal to one-half of a guide wavelength, which is longer than the free-space wavelength.
  • the size of a conventional cavity-backed slot antenna can be reduced by filling the cavity with a dielectric material, but this introduces substantial losses and renders the antenna inadequate for high average power applications.
  • an extremely compact antenna that is capable of handling high power levels and providing very accurate polarization, e.g., for use in high- power applications that require radiation of very accurate circular polarization over a very large angular region (e.g., +/- 50° in both planes), such as in wide-scan phased array antennas.
  • the present invention encompasses an antenna that includes a housing having a plurality of walls forming an enclosure, a slot formed in a first wall of the housing, and, a folded cavity formed in a second wall of the housing opposite the first wall.
  • the folded cavity is preferably a compound cavity that includes a first cavity portion and a second cavity portion joined around their entire respective peripheries by a fold or shelf.
  • Any convenient RF transmission line e.g., a waveguide or coaxial cables, can be used to inject RF energy into the folded cavity.
  • the slot is cross-shaped, and coaxial cables that transmit RF signals that are 90° out- ⁇ f-phase are used to feed the folded cavity in respective orthogonal directions, whereby the cross-shaped slot produces accurate, circularly polarized radiation.
  • the slot is cross- dumbbell-shaped, and a ridged waveguide is used to feed the folded cavity.
  • an amount of cavity fold is greater in a first direction than it is in a second direction, whereby the folded cavity resonates at different frequencies for RF energy of different polarizations.
  • a coupling post is provided to coupled RF energy of a first polarization to RF energy of a second polarization, whereby the slot produces accurate, circularly polarized radiation.
  • the antenna is capable of producing very accurate circular
  • polarization and is capable of handling very high average power levels, e.g., 10 kW, thereby making it suitable for high power applications which require extremely compact antenna elements, e.g., wide-scan phased array antennas.
  • the present invention also encompasses, in another of its aspects, a phased array antenna that includes a plurality of antenna elements each of which is constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is an isometric view of the folded cavity-backed slot antenna of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the folded cavity of a conventional folded cavity-backed slot antenna.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the folded cavity of the folded cavity-backed slot antenna depicted in Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is an isometric view of the folded cavity-backed slot antenna of the present invention fed with coaxial cables.
  • Figure 5 is an isometric view of another embodiment of the folded cavity-backed slot antenna of the present invention fed with a ridged waveguide.
  • Figure 6 is a graph plotting return loss versus frequency, at the ridged waveguide input port of the folded cavity-backed slot antenna of the present invention depicted in Figure 5.
  • the folded cavity-backed slot antenna 20 includes a housing 22 that has a folded rectangular cavity 24 formed in a bottom cavity wall 26 in accordance with a novel aspect of the present invention, and a slot 28 machined in the top cavity wall 30.
  • the housing 22 may be constructed of aluminum or other suitable conductive material.
  • the folded rectangular cavity 24 can be thought of as being formed by folding a standard rectangular cavity behind itself in two dimensions.
  • This folded cavity design allows the antenna 20 to be less than V ⁇ wavelength on edge, making it compact enough to use as an antenna element in a large scan phased array antenna.
  • This size reduction relative to the standard rectangular cavity design of the prior art is accomplished without the use of dielectric material, thereby enabling the antenna 20 to be used in high power applications.
  • the antenna 20 can be fed with a waveguide, coaxial cables, or any other RF transmission line.
  • the antenna 20 can be configured to produce a circularly polarized
  • the slot 28 is cross-shaped, to thereby produce a circularly polarized radiation pattern.
  • the slot 28 can be formed by machining two orthogonal slots in the top cavity wall 30 to form the shape of a cross.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a standard rectangular cavity 32 of the prior art, in one dimension, e.g., the width dimension. The width of the cavity 32 is designated "w".
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the folded rectangular cavity 24 of the present invention, in one dimension, e.g., the width dimension.
  • the width of the folded cavity 24 is designated " «w", to thereby indicate that the width of the folded cavity 24 of the present invention is significantly less than the width of the "non-folded" cavity 32 of the prior art.
  • the total folded width of the cavity is approximately equal to "w", as shown in Fig. 3.
  • this same size reduction is achieved in the orthogonal dimension, e.g., the length dimension, of the folded cavity 24, by virtue of the folded cavity being "folded back" along its length, as well as its width.
  • this folding back of the standard rectangular cavity in orthogonal dimensions results in a "compound" cavity comprised of a first cavity portion 32 and a second cavity portion 34 joined around their entire peripheries by a fold or shelf 36.
  • the particular shape of the cavity is not limiting to the present invention, in its broadest aspect.
  • FIG 4 is an isometric view of the embodiment of the folded cavity-backed antenna 20 depicted in Figure 3 shown being fed with a pair of coaxial cables 40.
  • Each of the coaxial cables 40 feeds the folded cavity 24 in a respective one of its two orthogonal directions. If the coax signals are 90° apart in phase, the folded cavity-backed slot 28 will radiate circular polarization.
  • FIG. 5 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a folded cavity-backed antenna 20' of the present invention.
  • the antenna 20' is fed with a
  • the ridged waveguide 44 can be made narrower than a standard rectangular waveguide, e.g., approximately Vz wavelength on edge. Further, in this embodiment, a cross-"dumbbeH"-shaped slot 28' was employed in order to produce a very broad radiation pattern.
  • the ridged waveguide feed 44 only couples energy into the cavity in one polarization. In order to obtain circular polarization, the folded cavity 24' is required to resonate in both polarizations. This is achieved in this embodiment of the invention by inclusion of a coupling post 48 to couple energy from one polarization into the other polarization.
  • the two polarizations of the folded cavity 24' are required to resonate at slightly different frequencies. This is achieved in this embodiment of the invention by making the amount of cavity fold greater for one polarization than the other polarization. This is accomplished by making the base of the folded cavity 34' unsymmetrical.
  • the folded cavity-backed antenna 20' of this embodiment (i.e., the one depicted in Figure 5) was built and extensively tested.
  • Figure 6 is a graph plotting return loss versus frequency, at the ridged waveguide input port of the folded cavity-backed slot antenna 20' of the present invention depicted in Figure 5.
  • the return loss at the center (design) frequency is less than -20 dB, and is also less than -20 dB over approximately a 3% bandwidth.
  • the double resonance nature of the return loss which is due to the two polarizations of the folded cavity 24' resonating at different frequencies in order to produce circularly polarized radiation, as explained above.
  • the radiated axial ratio for this embodiment was also tested, and it was determined that at the center frequency the axial ratio was close to zero, and that further, the axial ratio for the folded cavity 24' was less than 3 dB over approximately a 2% bandwidth. Further, this embodiment (i.e., the embodiment depicted in Figure 5) was also tested under high power. In particular, average power in excess of 10 kW was applied to the antenna 20' with no resulting degradation.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne comprenant un boîtier pourvu d'une pluralité de parois définissant une enceinte, une fente ménagée dans une première paroi de ce boîtier, ainsi qu'une cavité repliée formée dans une seconde paroi dudit boîtier à l'opposé de la première paroi. La cavité repliée se présente de préférence sous la forme d'une cavité composée comprenant une première partie de cavité et une seconde partie de cavité assemblées au niveau de leurs périphéries respectives par un élément plateau. N'importe quelle ligne de transmission RF appropriée, et notamment un guide d'ondes ou des câbles coaxiaux, peut être utilisée pour introduire de l'énergie RF dans la cavité repliée. Dans certains modes de réalisation, la largeur et la longueur du boîtier sont inférieures à la moitié de la longueur d'onde en espace libre, l'antenne étant capable de produire une polarisation circulaire très précise et de traiter des niveaux de puissance très élevés (10 kW, par ex.), ce qui permet une utilisation dans des applications à puissance élevée requérant des éléments d'antenne extrêmement compacts, et notamment des antennes réseau à commande de phase à large plage de balayage.
EP01968077A 2000-08-27 2001-08-24 Antenne a fente a cavite repliee Expired - Lifetime EP1334536B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT01968077T ATE341110T1 (de) 2001-08-24 2001-08-24 Gefaltete hohlraumgestützte schlitzantenne

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38564600A 2000-08-27 2000-08-27
PCT/US2001/026273 WO2002019468A2 (fr) 2000-08-27 2001-08-24 Antenne a fente a cavite repliee

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1334536A2 true EP1334536A2 (fr) 2003-08-13
EP1334536B1 EP1334536B1 (fr) 2006-09-27

Family

ID=23522285

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01968077A Expired - Lifetime EP1334536B1 (fr) 2000-08-27 2001-08-24 Antenne a fente a cavite repliee

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1334536B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4933020B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100870583B1 (fr)
AU (2) AU2001288354B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE60123454T2 (fr)
IL (2) IL153978A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002019468A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3291374A4 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2018-12-12 Furuno Electric Co., Ltd. Antenne à ondes polarisées circulairement et dispositif de calcul d'orientation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107069188B (zh) * 2016-12-29 2019-12-20 北京遥测技术研究所 低剖面高效率双极化平板天线

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4131893A (en) * 1977-04-01 1978-12-26 Ball Corporation Microstrip radiator with folded resonant cavity
US4130823A (en) * 1977-08-05 1978-12-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Miniature, flush mounted, microwave dual band cavity backed slot antenna
US5049895A (en) * 1985-01-24 1991-09-17 Yoshiharu Ito Flat circular waveguide device
JPH02156707A (ja) * 1988-12-08 1990-06-15 Yagi Antenna Co Ltd 平面アンテナ
JP3341292B2 (ja) * 1991-02-18 2002-11-05 凸版印刷株式会社 偏波共用ラジアルラインスロットアンテナ
JP3021752B2 (ja) * 1991-04-26 2000-03-15 凸版印刷株式会社 複合構造ラジアルラインスロットアンテナ
US5581266A (en) * 1993-01-04 1996-12-03 Peng; Sheng Y. Printed-circuit crossed-slot antenna
JP3026711B2 (ja) * 1993-07-07 2000-03-27 凸版印刷株式会社 偏波共用給電装置
JP3340958B2 (ja) * 1998-04-17 2002-11-05 株式会社ヨコオ アレーアンテナ
US6304226B1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-10-16 Raytheon Company Folded cavity-backed slot antenna

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0219468A2 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3291374A4 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2018-12-12 Furuno Electric Co., Ltd. Antenne à ondes polarisées circulairement et dispositif de calcul d'orientation
US10615503B2 (en) 2015-04-30 2020-04-07 Furuno Electric Co., Ltd. Circularly polarized antenna and attitude calculating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002019468A2 (fr) 2002-03-07
WO2002019468A3 (fr) 2002-06-27
KR20030051739A (ko) 2003-06-25
IL153978A (en) 2008-12-29
JP4933020B2 (ja) 2012-05-16
EP1334536B1 (fr) 2006-09-27
WO2002019468A9 (fr) 2004-03-04
KR100870583B1 (ko) 2008-11-25
JP2004508751A (ja) 2004-03-18
DE60123454T2 (de) 2007-08-23
IL153978A0 (en) 2003-11-23
DE60123454D1 (de) 2006-11-09
AU2001288354B2 (en) 2005-08-18
AU8835401A (en) 2002-03-13

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