EP1332773A1 - Method for controlling a stationary extinguishing installation - Google Patents
Method for controlling a stationary extinguishing installation Download PDFInfo
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- EP1332773A1 EP1332773A1 EP03001701A EP03001701A EP1332773A1 EP 1332773 A1 EP1332773 A1 EP 1332773A1 EP 03001701 A EP03001701 A EP 03001701A EP 03001701 A EP03001701 A EP 03001701A EP 1332773 A1 EP1332773 A1 EP 1332773A1
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- fire
- extinguishing
- detectors
- detector
- increased sensitivity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling stationary Extinguishing systems, in particular for the control of extinguishing systems which are equipped with liquid or gaseous extinguishing agents.
- Extinguishing devices have an extinguishing agent reservoir with liquid or gaseous Extinguishing media, which with a more or less branched piping system with the Monitoring area (building, warehouse, etc.) of the extinguishing system is connected.
- Extinguishing agents are released in the event of a fire using extinguishing nozzles, the type of which is specially designed for the delete task is aligned.
- One or more detectors are housed in fire detectors, which are often over Signal lines (detection lines) are connected to a fire alarm control panel.
- Fire alarm systems are usually made up of a large number of robust fire alarms.
- the detectors react to the creation or change of measurable Fire parameters such as temperature, radiation, aerosols or a fire characterizing Gases.
- the incoming measurement signals from the fire detectors are extracted from the Monitoring area of the extinguishing system processed and in the event of an alarm corresponding Control commands transmitted to the extinguishing device.
- fire parameters should essentially all be caused by a fire caused physical and detectable by sensor elements or detectors or chemical changes of state parameters in the monitoring area of a Fire alarm device can be summarized.
- Fire parameters are, for example, such condition parameters such as, ambient temperature, gas composition (smoldering or combustion gases), the density of optically detectable smoke or soot particles (aerosols) and of fires outgoing electromagnetic radiation in different wavelengths.
- Stationary extinguishing systems are used in many areas of fire protection of buildings, Systems or in the area of warehousing of goods for automatic fire fighting successfully used.
- the extinguishing process is triggered and the extinguishing agent is released through automatic fire alarm systems.
- the fire detectors In order to be able to detect a fire early, the fire detectors should on the one hand as close as possible to a possible place of origin of fires be arranged, but on the other hand the local conditions are too consider.
- False alarms are often caused by uncritical or processing-related sources of Smoke aerosols or gases triggered. Not even a fire temperature increase in the area surrounding a heat detector can lead to cause a false alarm.
- Extinguishing agent supplies CO 2 gas
- CO 2 gas which are used up and limited in certain extinguishing systems, then have to be replaced in a costly and time-consuming manner, the unnecessarily supplied extinguishing agents can cause damage to people and facilities or paralyze entire production areas.
- Fighting fire indoors and outdoors, especially in the home Houses and buildings with an extinguishing system and a fire alarm system comprises one or more fire detectors with at least one detector, the Detectors detect the same or different fire parameters and if exceeded one or more presettable alarm thresholds of the detected fire parameters Trigger an alarm message that activates the extinguishing device.
- DE 41 42 419 A1 describes a method and a device for detecting fire in a monitored room with the possibility of increasing the sensitivity of the detector system increase, known, with no specific number of detectors with respect to their Sensitivity is switched and the number of detectors to be switched further course of the fire is adjusted.
- DE 2344908 C2 describes a method for automatically reporting and extinguishing fires known in which the fire extinguishing device is only activated and operated after there is a flame signal, two smoke signals or one heat signal must have preceded.
- the flames should persist at certain intervals by one Flame detectors are checked and the fire extinguishing agent either maintained or shut down.
- DE19952327 A1 also describes a fire sensor and a method for detecting a Feuers discloses, in which the smoke signal emitted by the fire sensor additionally by the correlating current outside temperature and the rate of temperature rise is corrected.
- This procedure is intended to reduce the likelihood of a false alarm and at the same time an early alarm triggering can be reached.
- the fire alarm systems that have become known so far have in particular the Disadvantage that the caused by a fire and the extinguishing process physical and chemical changes in the environment of the fire detectors, such as strong smoke development, soot particles, temperature changes due to the influence of fire water or water mist, as well as in the gas composition, etc., are not taken into account. Without considering these changes in the fire area, conventional Fire alarm systems do not provide a sufficiently precise picture of the current fire situation deliver and are only suitable to a limited extent for controlling the deletion process.
- the object of the present invention is therefore a method for controlling to develop stationary extinguishing systems, to specify their operation, which the eliminates the aforementioned disadvantages.
- the process should make it possible, despite changing in the event of a fire Ambient conditions of the fire detectors are easy to evaluate and to control the Extinguishing device to generate suitable measurement signals and for effective control of the Use deletion.
- the extinguishing method according to the invention is characterized in that the detectors the fire detector after the first reliable detection of a fire by exceeding it one or more preset alarm thresholds to an increased sensitivity level be converted. This makes it possible to monitor the course of the fire despite smoke or also vapor formation through evaporating extinguishing agent as well as other disturbing influences continue to detect effectively.
- the method can be used particularly advantageously using infrared detectors use sensitive flame detectors in the fire detectors.
- the heat radiation occurring during fires can be increased by the increase according to the invention the sensitivity of an infrared detector, even when caused by the fire Reduction in the permeability of its ambient air can still be reliably detected. Furthermore, a local selection following the progress of the fire is provided the detectors to be converted to a higher sensitivity.
- the control is based on the time behavior of the fire parameters.
- An advantageous development of the method according to the invention consists in the Possibility to increase the switching processes (signal evaluation of the detectors) the sensitivity of the detectors at a selectable time interval after the Stop detection of the start of the fire.
- the individual switching processes of the detectors to a higher sensitivity level are carried out by a control unit arranged in the fire detectors or by the Fire alarm panel made.
- the measurement data of the current local data transmitted by the detectors Fire development used.
- a gradual increase in sensitivity is also within the scope of the invention like a stepless continuous increase.
- the local or spatial selection of those to be switched to increased sensitivity Detectors are made after evaluation and taking into account that of the Fire alarm center transmitted measurement data.
- the fire detectors can be located in different locations and in one of the structure of the the expected fire hazard potential must be arranged in accordance with the alignment, whereby the fire progressively consists of several during the extinguishing process Let us analyze directions.
- Another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in the additional arrangement a detector element in one or more fire detectors for monitoring the continuous use of extinguishing agent.
- Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is related to the known methods of cyclic extinguishing agent application with controlled Extinguishing agent delivery.
- the sensitivity of the detectors tracks the fire an exact image of the current one corresponding to the current measurement data is created Fire development.
- the parameter settings for the post-erase cycle such as duration and
- the amount of extinguishing agent depends on the degree of danger to the person to be protected Objects.
- Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of a stationary extinguishing system, with a Extinguishing device 1 and a fire alarm device 2, which in particular a variety of fire detectors 4 and their signal lines 13 and their essential elements are arranged in the monitoring area 3.
- the extinguishing device 1 has an extinguishing agent supply that is used in gas extinguishing devices
- the trigger mechanism for the deletion process for example an alarm valve station is via signal lines 13 with a fire alarm device 2 connected.
- the fire detection device 2 can have one or more fire detectors 4 comprise, in turn, one or more detectors 5, 6 of the same or different Type are integrated.
- the detectors 5,6 are preferably optical Radiation detectors designed, the radiation sensitivity in the infrared or ultraviolet wavelength range.
- a fire alarm control center 8 takes over the control for larger stationary extinguishing systems the extinguishing device 1 and the evaluation of the detector signals of the individual Fire detector 4.
- the fire detector 4 is via signal lines 13 connected to the extinguishing device 1 (Fig. 2).
- the amplifier circuits 11, 12 of the detectors 5.6 adapted to the ambient conditions of the fire detector.
- This adjustment can be for example with the help of digital / analog converters, which are controlled by the control unit 7 of the Fire detector 4 can be controlled.
- the fire detector 4 transmits an alarm signal to the extinguishing device 1 and activates the automatic deletion.
- pre-alarm levels in front of the Activation of the automatic extinguishing process or additional fire parameters to be used for fire detection.
- the detectors 5, 6 can expediently be used individually or together in one Fire detectors 4 can be arranged and the same or different fire parameters detect (type A or type B).
- the detectors 5, 6 are activated by means of amplifiers 11, 12 set to a higher sensitivity.
- the extinguishing device 1 continues controlled (triggered) and a preset delete cycle 15 started again (Fig. 3).
- the deletion process can thus consist of a number of deletion cycles 15 and will continue until the fire detector detectors no longer detect fire.
- the fire detectors 4 After detection of the end of the fire, the fire detectors 4 transmit no further Trigger signals to extinguishing device 1 and the deletion process after a preset post-erase time deactivated.
- the preset post-erase time 15 is generated by the control unit 7 Clear stop signal activated.
- the detectors are then returned to normal by means of amplifiers 11, 12 (default) sensitivity reset.
- the fire alarm device 2 in particular its fire alarm 4, can also be used a further suitable detector element 10 for monitoring the use of extinguishing agent be equipped in the event of a fire.
- An extinguishing agent is sufficient if, for example, the extinguishing gas concentration (CO 2 content) in a gas extinguishing device is high enough to suffocate the fire.
- a CO 2 sensor can be used, for example, in a CO 2 extinguishing system or an O 2 sensor in a gas extinguishing system.
- the delete-stop signal of the detector element 10 is dependent on the design of the stationary Extinguishing system either in the control unit 7 of the fire detector 4 or in one Fire alarm center 8 processed and transmitted to the extinguishing device 1.
- the deletion method according to the invention has the particular advantage that the Extinguishing agent is used very specifically and adapted to the course of the fire.
- the continuous or gradual increase in sensitivity of the detectors Fire detector after the first alarm trigger enables a differentiated evaluation of the real fire events.
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- Fire Alarms (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Steuerung von stationären Löschanlagen, insbesondere zur Steuerung von Löscheinrichtungen, welche mit flüssigen oder gasförmigen Löschmitteln betrieben werden.The present invention relates to a method for controlling stationary Extinguishing systems, in particular for the control of extinguishing systems which are equipped with liquid or gaseous extinguishing agents.
Wesentliche Bestandteile von stationären Löschanlagen sind neben den Löscheinrichtungen für flüssige oder gasförmige Löschmittel die im Mittelpunkt der Erfindung stehenden Brandmeldeeinrichtungen zur Steuerung von Löscheinrichtungen.In addition to the extinguishing devices, essential components of stationary extinguishing systems are for liquid or gaseous extinguishing agents which are the focus of the invention Fire alarm systems for controlling extinguishing systems.
Löscheinrichtungen verfügen über ein Löschmittelreservoir mit flüssigen oder gasförmigen Löschmitteln, welches über ein mehr oder weniger verzweigtes Rohrleitungssystem mit dem Überwachungsbereich (Gebäude, Lagerhalle usw.) der Löschanlage verbunden ist.Extinguishing devices have an extinguishing agent reservoir with liquid or gaseous Extinguishing media, which with a more or less branched piping system with the Monitoring area (building, warehouse, etc.) of the extinguishing system is connected.
Die Löschmittelfreigabe im Brandfall erfolgt mittels Löschdüsen, deren Bauart speziell auf die Löschaufgabe ausgerichtet ist.Extinguishing agents are released in the event of a fire using extinguishing nozzles, the type of which is specially designed for the delete task is aligned.
Je nach Art der Brandgefährdung und der zu schützenden Bereiche kommen weit verbreitete Sprinkleranlagen oder Feinsprühanlagen, welche einen hochwirksamen Wassernebel erzeugen oder auch Gaslöscheinrichtungen mit einem Inertgas wie Kohlendioxid als Löschmittel zum Einsatz.Depending on the type of fire hazard and the areas to be protected, they can go far widespread sprinkler systems or fine spray systems, which are highly effective Generate water mist or gas extinguishers with an inert gas such as Carbon dioxide is used as an extinguishing agent.
Für eine wirksame Brandbekämpfung spielt der Zeitpunkt der Auslösung der verschiedenartigen Löscheinrichtungen eine besondere Rolle.For an effective fire-fighting, the time of triggering of the different types of extinguishing devices play a special role.
Diese Aufgabe übernehmen Brandmeldeeinrichtungen, welche meistens mit Detektoren zur frühzeitigen Erfassung verschiedener Brandkenngrößen ausgestattet sind.This task is carried out by fire alarm systems, which mostly use detectors are equipped for the early detection of various fire parameters.
Dabei sind ein oder mehrere Detektoren in Brandmeldern untergebracht, welche oft über Signalleitungen (Meldelinien) mit einer Brandmeldezentrale verbunden sind. Brandmeldeeinrichtungen werden meist aus einer Vielzahl robuster Brandmelder aufgebaut. Die Detektoren reagieren auf die Entstehung oder Änderung von messbaren Brandkenngrößen wie Temperatur, Strahlung, Aerosole oder einen Brand charakterisierende Gase.One or more detectors are housed in fire detectors, which are often over Signal lines (detection lines) are connected to a fire alarm control panel. Fire alarm systems are usually made up of a large number of robust fire alarms. The detectors react to the creation or change of measurable Fire parameters such as temperature, radiation, aerosols or a fire characterizing Gases.
In der Brandmeldezentrale werden die eingehenden Messsignale der Brandmelder aus dem Überwachungsbereich der Löschanlage verarbeitet und im Alarmfall entsprechende Steuerbefehle an die Löscheinrichtung übermittelt.In the fire control panel, the incoming measurement signals from the fire detectors are extracted from the Monitoring area of the extinguishing system processed and in the event of an alarm corresponding Control commands transmitted to the extinguishing device.
Unter dem Begriff Brandkenngrößen sollen alle im Wesentlichen durch einen Brand hervorgerufene und durch Sensorelemente oder Detektoren detektierbare physikalische oder chemische Veränderungen von Zustandsparametern im Überwachungsbereich einer Brandmeldeeinrichtung zusammengefasst werden.The term fire parameters should essentially all be caused by a fire caused physical and detectable by sensor elements or detectors or chemical changes of state parameters in the monitoring area of a Fire alarm device can be summarized.
Bei Brandkenngrößen handelt es sich also beispielsweise um solche Zustandsparameter wie, Umgebungstemperatur, Gaszusammensetzung (Schwel- oder Verbrennungsgase), die Dichte optisch detektierbare Rauch- oder Rußpartikel (Aerosole) und von Bränden ausgehende elektromagnetische Strahlung in verschiedenen Wellenlängen.Fire parameters are, for example, such condition parameters such as, ambient temperature, gas composition (smoldering or combustion gases), the density of optically detectable smoke or soot particles (aerosols) and of fires outgoing electromagnetic radiation in different wavelengths.
Stationäre Löschanlagen werden in vielen Bereichen des Brandschutzes von Gebäuden, Anlagen oder im Bereich der Lagerhaltung von Gütern zur automatischen Brandbekämpfung erfolgreich eingesetzt.Stationary extinguishing systems are used in many areas of fire protection of buildings, Systems or in the area of warehousing of goods for automatic fire fighting successfully used.
Wie bekannt, erfolgt die Auslösung des Löschvorgangs und die Freigabe der Löschmittel durch automatisch arbeitende Brandmeldeeinrichtungen.As is known, the extinguishing process is triggered and the extinguishing agent is released through automatic fire alarm systems.
Um eine Brandentstehung frühzeitig detektieren zu können, sollten die Brandmelder einerseits so nahe wie möglich an einem möglichen Entstehungsort von Bränden angeordnet sein, andererseits sind aber auch die örtlichen Gegebenheiten zu berücksichtigen.In order to be able to detect a fire early, the fire detectors should on the one hand as close as possible to a possible place of origin of fires be arranged, but on the other hand the local conditions are too consider.
Im Mittelpunkt der Weiterentwicklung von Brandmeldeeinrichtungen steht dabei neben der Früherkennung von Bränden auch die Vermeidung von Fehlalarmen.The focus of the further development of fire alarm systems is next to the Early detection of fires also prevents false alarms.
Fehlalarme werden häufig durch unkritische oder verarbeitungsprozessbedingte Quellen von Rauchaerosolen oder Gasen ausgelöst. Auch eine nicht auf einen Entstehungsbrand zurückzuführende Temperaturerhöhung in der Umgebung eines Wärmemelders kann zu einem Fehlalarm führen.False alarms are often caused by uncritical or processing-related sources of Smoke aerosols or gases triggered. Not even a fire temperature increase in the area surrounding a heat detector can lead to cause a false alarm.
Bei vielen herkömmliche Löscheinrichtungen wird nach Auslösung eines Feueralarms und der Aktivierung des Löschvorgangs oft ohne Unterbrechung der gesamte Löschmittelvorrat verbraucht.Many conventional extinguishing systems use a fire alarm and the activation of the extinguishing process often without interrupting the entire supply of extinguishing agent consumed.
Bei kleineren lokal begrenzten Bränden sind solche umfangreichen Löschmaßnahmen aber normalerweise nicht notwendig.Such extensive extinguishing measures are necessary for smaller, locally limited fires usually not necessary.
Noch größere Schäden entstehen bei Fehlalarmen.False alarms cause even greater damage.
Nicht nur die verbrauchten und bei bestimmten Löschanlagen begrenzt vorhandenen Löschmittelvorräte (CO2-Gas) müssen dann kosten- und zeitaufwendig ersetzt werden, die unnötig abgegebenen Löschmittel können Schäden an Personen und Einrichtungen verursachen oder ganze Fertigungsbereiche lahm legen.Extinguishing agent supplies (CO 2 gas), which are used up and limited in certain extinguishing systems, then have to be replaced in a costly and time-consuming manner, the unnecessarily supplied extinguishing agents can cause damage to people and facilities or paralyze entire production areas.
Zur Lösung dieser bekannten Probleme im Betrieb von stationären Löschanlagen wurden zahlreiche Vorschläge gemacht.To solve these known problems in the operation of stationary extinguishing systems have been made numerous suggestions.
Aus DE 100 12 705 A1 geht ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Früherkennen undDE 100 12 705 A1 describes a method and a device for early detection and
Bekämpfen von Feuer im Innen- und Außenbereich, insbesondere Wohnbereich von Häusern und Gebäuden mit einer Löscheinrichtung und einer Brandmeldeeinrichtung, die einen oder mehrere Brandmelder mit wenigstens einem Detektor umfasst, hervor, wobei die Detektoren gleiche oder verschiedene Brandkenngrößen detektieren und bei Überschreitung eines oder mehrerer voreinstellbarer Alarmschwellen der detektierten Brandkenngrößen eine Alarmmeldung auslösen, welche die Löscheinrichtung aktiviert. Fighting fire indoors and outdoors, especially in the home Houses and buildings with an extinguishing system and a fire alarm system comprises one or more fire detectors with at least one detector, the Detectors detect the same or different fire parameters and if exceeded one or more presettable alarm thresholds of the detected fire parameters Trigger an alarm message that activates the extinguishing device.
Aus DE 41 42 419 A1 sind ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zum Detektieren von Feuer in einem überwachten Raum mit der Möglichkeit, die Empfindlichkeit des Detektorsystems zu erhöhen, bekannt, wobei keine konkrete Anzahl an Detektoren bezüglich ihrer Empfindlichkeit umgeschaltet wird und die Anzahl der umzuschaltenden Detektoren dem weiteren Brandverlauf angepasst wird.DE 41 42 419 A1 describes a method and a device for detecting fire in a monitored room with the possibility of increasing the sensitivity of the detector system increase, known, with no specific number of detectors with respect to their Sensitivity is switched and the number of detectors to be switched further course of the fire is adjusted.
Aus DE 2344908 C2 ein Verfahren zur automatischen Meldung und Löschung von Bränden bekannt, bei dem die Feuerlöscheinrichtung erst angesteuert und betätigt wird, nachdem eine Flammenmeldung vorliegt, der zwei Rauchmeldungen oder eine Wärmemeldung vorausgegangen sein müssen.DE 2344908 C2 describes a method for automatically reporting and extinguishing fires known in which the fire extinguishing device is only activated and operated after there is a flame signal, two smoke signals or one heat signal must have preceded.
Dabei soll das Fortbestehen der Flammen in bestimmten Zeitabständen durch einen Flammenmelder überprüft werden und die Feuerlöschmittelabgabe entweder aufrechterhalten oder abgestellt werden.The flames should persist at certain intervals by one Flame detectors are checked and the fire extinguishing agent either maintained or shut down.
Wie die Überprüfung genau erfolgen soll wird allerdings nicht angegeben.How exactly the check should be carried out is not specified.
Mittels dieser bekannten Lösung sollen Fehlalarme und Schäden durch unnötigen Löschmitteleinfluss vermieden werden.With this known solution false alarms and damage caused by unnecessary Extinguishing agents can be avoided.
Ein ähnliches Löschverfahren mit einer räumlich verteilten sensorischen Erfassung des Brandverlaufs und einer entsprechend der räumlich Brandentwicklung angepassten Löschmittelabgabe wird in der DE19627353 C1 beschrieben.A similar deletion process with a spatially distributed sensory detection of the Course of the fire and one adapted to the spatial development of the fire Extinguishing agent delivery is described in DE19627353 C1.
Auch in der DE19952327 A1 wird ein Brandsensor und ein Verfahren zur Detektion eines Feuers offenbart, bei dem das vom Brandsensor abgegebene Rauchsignal zusätzlich durch die korrelierende aktuelle Außentemperatur und die Temperaturanstiegsgeschwindigkeit korrigiert wird.DE19952327 A1 also describes a fire sensor and a method for detecting a Feuers discloses, in which the smoke signal emitted by the fire sensor additionally by the correlating current outside temperature and the rate of temperature rise is corrected.
Dadurch soll eine Anpassung der Rauchnachweisempfindlichkeit des Sensors an die Umgebungstemperatur und deren Änderungsgeschwindigkeit erfolgen.This is intended to adapt the sensor's sensitivity to smoke detection to Ambient temperature and their rate of change.
Nach diesem Verfahren soll sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Fehlalarms vermindern lassen und gleichzeitig eine frühzeitige Alarmauslösung erreichbar sein.This procedure is intended to reduce the likelihood of a false alarm and at the same time an early alarm triggering can be reached.
Es bezieht sich allerdings nur auf die Detektion von Bränden bis zur Aktivierung der Löscheinrichtung und enthält keine Hinweise auf den Löschvorgang und die Steuerung der Löscheinrichtung nach der Alarmauslösung.However, it only relates to the detection of fires until the activation of the Extinguishing system and contains no information on the deletion process and the control of the Extinguishing device after triggering the alarm.
Die bisher bekannt gewordenen Brandmeldeeinrichtungen haben insbesondere den Nachteil, dass die durch einen Brand und den einsetzenden Löschvorgang verursachten physikalischen und chemischen Veränderungen in der Umgebung der Brandmelder, wie starke Rauchentwicklung, Rußpartikel, Temperaturänderungen durch Löschwassereinfluß oder Wassernebel, sowie in der Gaszusammensetzung u.s.w., nicht berücksichtigt werden. Ohne Berücksichtigung dieser Veränderungen im Brandbereich können herkömmliche Brandmeldeeinrichtungen kein hinreichend genaues Bild des aktuellen Brandgeschehens liefern und eignen sich nur bedingt zur Steuerung des Löschvorgangs. The fire alarm systems that have become known so far have in particular the Disadvantage that the caused by a fire and the extinguishing process physical and chemical changes in the environment of the fire detectors, such as strong smoke development, soot particles, temperature changes due to the influence of fire water or water mist, as well as in the gas composition, etc., are not taken into account. Without considering these changes in the fire area, conventional Fire alarm systems do not provide a sufficiently precise picture of the current fire situation deliver and are only suitable to a limited extent for controlling the deletion process.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher ein Verfahren zur Steuerung von stationären Löschanlagen zu entwickeln, deren Betrieb anzugeben, welche die vorgenannten Nachteile beseitigt.The object of the present invention is therefore a method for controlling to develop stationary extinguishing systems, to specify their operation, which the eliminates the aforementioned disadvantages.
Das Verfahren soll es ermöglichen, trotz sich im Brandfall verändernder Umgebungsbedingungen der Brandmelder gut auswertbare und zur Steuerung der Löscheinrichtung geeignete Messsignale zu erzeugen und zur effektiven Steuerung des Löschvorgangs zu verwenden.The process should make it possible, despite changing in the event of a fire Ambient conditions of the fire detectors are easy to evaluate and to control the Extinguishing device to generate suitable measurement signals and for effective control of the Use deletion.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren nach den kennzeichnenden Merkmale des ersten Anspruchs gelöst. In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung angegeben.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method according to the characterizing Features of the first claim solved. In the subclaims are further advantageous Embodiments of the invention specified.
Das erfindungsgemäße Löschverfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Detektoren der Brandmelder nach der ersten sicheren Detektion eines Brandes durch Überschreiten einer oder mehrerer voreingestellter Alarmschwellen auf eine erhöhte Empfindlichkeitsstufe umgestellt werden. Dadurch wird es möglich den Brandverlauf trotz Rauchentwicklung oder auch Dampfbildung durch verdampfendes Löschmittel sowie andere störende Einflüsse weiterhin wirkungsvoll zu detektieren.The extinguishing method according to the invention is characterized in that the detectors the fire detector after the first reliable detection of a fire by exceeding it one or more preset alarm thresholds to an increased sensitivity level be converted. This makes it possible to monitor the course of the fire despite smoke or also vapor formation through evaporating extinguishing agent as well as other disturbing influences continue to detect effectively.
Desweiteren wird eine erfindungsgemäße Brandmeldeeinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens angegeben.Furthermore, a fire alarm device according to the invention for carrying out the Procedure specified.
Das Verfahren lässt sich besonders vorteilhaft unter Verwendung von Infrarotdetektoren, als empfindliche Flammendetektoren in den Brandmeldern, anwenden.The method can be used particularly advantageously using infrared detectors use sensitive flame detectors in the fire detectors.
Die bei Bränden auftretende Wärmestrahlung kann durch die erfindungsgemäße Erhöhung der Empfindlichkeit eines Infrarotdetektors, auch bei durch den Brand verursachte Verminderung der Durchlässigkeit seiner Umgebungsluft, noch sicher detektiert werden. Weiterhin ist vorgesehen eine dem fortschreitenden Brandverlauf folgende örtliche Auswahl der auf eine höhere Empfindlichkeit umzustellenden Detektoren zu treffen.The heat radiation occurring during fires can be increased by the increase according to the invention the sensitivity of an infrared detector, even when caused by the fire Reduction in the permeability of its ambient air can still be reliably detected. Furthermore, a local selection following the progress of the fire is provided the detectors to be converted to a higher sensitivity.
In Bereichen mit weniger Rauchentwicklung oder geringem Abstand zum Brandherd ist eine geringere Empfindlichkeit notwendig als in Bereichen mit starker Rauchentwicklung oder großem Abstand zum Brandherd.In areas with less smoke or a short distance from the source of the fire there is one less sensitivity necessary than in areas with strong smoke development or great distance from the source of the fire.
Die Steuerung erfolgt über das zeitliche Verhalten der Brandkenngrößen.The control is based on the time behavior of the fire parameters.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht in der Möglichkeit, die Umschaltungsvorgänge (Signalauswertung der Detektoren) zur Erhöhung der Empfindlichkeit der Detektoren in einem wählbaren zeitlichen Abstand nach der Detektion des Brandbeginns einzustellen.An advantageous development of the method according to the invention consists in the Possibility to increase the switching processes (signal evaluation of the detectors) the sensitivity of the detectors at a selectable time interval after the Stop detection of the start of the fire.
Mittels dieser flexiblen Einstellmöglichkeit, kann bei einem in Grundzügen bekanntem Gefährdungsgrad der zu schützenden Objekte einer zu erwartenden Brandentwicklung Rechnung getragen werden.By means of this flexible setting option, one known in basic terms can Degree of danger of the objects to be protected from an expected fire development Be taken into account.
Die einzelnen Umschaltvorgänge der Detektoren auf eine höhere Empfindlichkeitsstufe erfolgen durch eine in den Brandmeldern angeordnete Steuereinheit oder werden von der Brandmeldezentrale vorgenommen.The individual switching processes of the detectors to a higher sensitivity level are carried out by a control unit arranged in the fire detectors or by the Fire alarm panel made.
Hierzu werden die von den Detektoren übermittelten Messdaten der aktuellen örtlichen Brandentwicklung herangezogen.For this purpose, the measurement data of the current local data transmitted by the detectors Fire development used.
Dabei liegt eine stufenweise Erhöhung der Empfindlichkeit ebenso im Bereich der Erfindung wie eine stufenlose kontinuierliche Erhöhung.A gradual increase in sensitivity is also within the scope of the invention like a stepless continuous increase.
Die örtliche oder räumliche Auswahl der auf erhöhte Empfindlichkeit umzuschaltenden Detektoren erfolgt nach Auswertung und unter Berücksichtigung der an die Brandmeldezentrale übermittelten Messdaten.The local or spatial selection of those to be switched to increased sensitivity Detectors are made after evaluation and taking into account that of the Fire alarm center transmitted measurement data.
Dabei können die Brandmelder an unterschiedlichen Orten und einer der Struktur des zu erwartenden Brandgefährdungspotenzials entsprechenden Ausrichtung angeordnet werden, wodurch sich der Brandverlauf während des Löschvorgangs fortlaufend aus mehreren Richtungen analysieren lässt.The fire detectors can be located in different locations and in one of the structure of the the expected fire hazard potential must be arranged in accordance with the alignment, whereby the fire progressively consists of several during the extinguishing process Let us analyze directions.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung der Erfindung besteht in der zusätzlichen Anordnung eines Detektorelements in einem oder mehreren Brandmeldern zur Überwachung des fortlaufenden Löschmitteleinsatzes.Another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in the additional arrangement a detector element in one or more fire detectors for monitoring the continuous use of extinguishing agent.
Ein zur Brandbekämpfung ausreichender Löschmitteleinsatz wird durch dieses zusätzliche Element detektiert und generiert ein Lösch-Stop-Signal zu automatischen Abschaltung der Löscheinrichtung.A sufficient use of extinguishing agent for fire fighting is made possible by this additional Element detects and generates a delete stop signal for automatic shutdown of the Extinguishing device.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung der Erfindung steht im Zusammenhang mit dem bekannten Verfahren der zyklischen Löschmittelanwendung mit kontrollierter Löschmittelabgabe.Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is related to the known methods of cyclic extinguishing agent application with controlled Extinguishing agent delivery.
Da erfindungsgemäß die Empfindlichkeit der Detektoren dem Brandgeschehen nachgeführt wird, entsteht ein den aktuellen Messdaten entsprechendes genaues Abbild des aktuellen Brandverlaufs.Since according to the invention the sensitivity of the detectors tracks the fire an exact image of the current one corresponding to the current measurement data is created Fire development.
Weist die Analyse der Messdaten der Detektoren auf ein Fortbestehen des Brandes hin, wird ein abgelaufener Löschzyklus der Löscheinrichtung erneut gestartet.If the analysis of the measurement data of the detectors indicates that the fire persists, an expired delete cycle of the extinguishing device is started again.
Wird trotz höherer Messempfindlichkeit der Brandmelder kein Brand mehr detektiert, wird auch die Generierung der Aktivierungssignale (Triggerung) zur Ansteuerung der Löscheinrichtung abgebrochen und der Löschvorgang beendet.If no fire is detected despite the higher sensitivity of the fire detector, also the generation of the activation signals (triggering) to control the Deletion device canceled and the deletion process ended.
Zur Gewährleistung einer weitergehenden Sicherheit zur vollständige Löschung eines Brandes, wird nach Erzeugung eines Lösch-Stop-Signals durch die Brandmeldeeinrichtung, ein in seinem Umfang voreinstellbarer Nachlöschzyklus ausgelöst.To ensure further security for the complete deletion of a Fire, is generated by the fire alarm device after an extinguishing stop signal has been generated, a post-erase cycle that can be preset in its scope is triggered.
Die Parametereinstellungen für den Nachlöschzyklus, wie Löschdauer undThe parameter settings for the post-erase cycle, such as duration and
Löschmittelmenge richten sich dabei nach dem Grad der Gefährdung der zu schützenden Objekte. The amount of extinguishing agent depends on the degree of danger to the person to be protected Objects.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand eines Ausfühungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden. Die Figuren zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- Prinzipieller Aufbau einer stationären Löschanlage mit Brandmeldeeinrichtung und Löscheinrichtung
- Fig.2:
- Brandmelder mit elektronischer Steuerung und Detektoren
- Fig.3:
- Zeitliches Ablaufschema des erfindungsgemäßen Löschverfahrens
- Fig. 1:
- Basic structure of a stationary extinguishing system with fire detection and extinguishing equipment
- Figure 2:
- Fire detector with electronic control and detectors
- Figure 3:
- Timing flow diagram of the extinguishing method according to the invention
Fig. 1 zeigt den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer stationären Löschanlage, mit einer
Löscheinrichtung 1 und einer Brandmeldeeinrichtung 2, welche insbesondere eine Vielzahl
von Brandmeldern 4 und deren Signalleitungen 13 umfasst und deren wesentliche Elemente
im Überwachungsbereich 3 angeordnet sind.Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of a stationary extinguishing system, with a
Die Löscheinrichtung 1 verfügt über einen Löschmittelvorrat, der bei Gaslöscheinrichtungen
beispielsweise aus mehreren Druckgasflaschen bestehen kann und ein mehr oder weniger
verzweigtes Rohrleitungsnetz zum Transport des Löschmittels an den Brandort im
Überwachungsbereich. Der Auslösemechanismus für den Löschvorgang, beispielsweise
eine Alarmventilstation, ist über Signalleitungen 13 mit einer Brandmeldeeinrichtung 2
verbunden. Dabei kann die Brandmeldeeinrichtung 2 ein oder mehrere Brandmelder 4
umfassen, in die wiederum ein oder mehrere Detektoren 5,6 gleicher oder verschiedener
Bauart integriert sind. Die Detektoren 5,6 sind vorzugsweise als optische
Strahlungsdetektoren ausgebildet, deren Strahlungsempfindlichkeit im infraroten- oder
ultravioletten Wellenlängenbereich liegt.The extinguishing
In die Brandmelder sind noch weitere elektronische Komponenten 7 zur Steuerung undIn the fire detectors there are further
Signalverarbeitung der Detektoren 5,6 und der Löscheinrichtung 1 integriert.Signal processing of the
Für größere stationäre Löschanlagen übernimmt eine Brandmeldezentrale 8 die Steuerung
der Löscheinrichtung 1 sowie die Auswertung der Detektorsignale der einzelnen
Brandmelder 4.A fire
In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Steuereinheit 7 für die Löscheinrichtung 1 und die
Detektoren 5,6 in den Brandmelder 4 integriert. Der Brandmelder 4 ist über Signalleitungen
13 mit der Löscheinrichtung 1 verbunden (Fig. 2).In this embodiment, the
Um die Auslösung von Fehlalarmen der Löscheinrichtung durch Störgrößen (z.B. Infrarot-Strahlungsquellen)
zu vermeiden, werden die Verstärkerschaltungen 11,12 der Detektoren
5,6 an die Umgebungsverhältnisse des Brandmelders angepasst. To trigger false alarms in the extinguishing system due to disturbance variables (e.g. infrared radiation sources)
to avoid, the
Diese Anpassung (Temperaturkompensation, Ruhewertnachführung) lässt sich
beispielsweise mit Hilfe von Digital/Analogwandlern, welche von der Steuereinheit 7 des
Brandmelders 4 gesteuert werden realisieren.This adjustment (temperature compensation, rest value adjustment) can be
for example with the help of digital / analog converters, which are controlled by the
Werden mittels einem oder mehrerer Detektoren 5,6 erhöhte Strahlungswerte aus dem
Überwachungsbereich 3 gemessen und ein vordefinierter Alarmschwellenwert überschritten,
übermittelt der Brandmelder 4 ein Alarmsignal an die Löscheinrichtung 1 und aktiviert den
automatischen Löschvorgang.If one or
Hierbei kann es durchaus angebracht sein noch einstellbare Voralarmstufen vor die Aktivierung des automatischen Löschvorgangs zu schalten oder weitere Brandkenngrößen zur Branderkennung heranzuziehen.In this case it may be appropriate to set pre-alarm levels in front of the Activation of the automatic extinguishing process or additional fire parameters to be used for fire detection.
Die Detektoren 5,6 können zweckmäßigerweise einzeln oder gemeinsam in einem
Brandmelder 4 angeordnet sein und gleiche oder verschiedene Brandkenngrößen
detektieren (Typ A oder Typ B).The
Nach Aktivierung der Löscheinrichtung 1 werden die Detektoren 5,6 mittels Verstärker 11,12
auf eine höhere Empfindlichkeit eingestellt.After activation of the
Hierdurch wird es möglich den weiteren Brandverlauf durch den entstehenden Rauch oder Dampf und Löschnebel hindurch zu detektieren.This makes it possible to continue the course of the fire due to the smoke or Detect steam and extinguishing mist through it.
Solange die Detektoren des Brandmelders den Brand mit einer erhöhten
Empfindlichkeitsstufe 9 detektieren (Fig. 3), wird die Löscheinrichtung 1 weiterhin
angesteuert (getriggert) und ein voreingestellter Löschzyklus 15 erneut gestartet (Fig. 3).
Der Löschvorgang kann somit aus einer Vielzahl von Löschzyklen 15 bestehen und wird
solange fortgesetzt, bis die Detektoren der Brandmelder kein Feuer mehr detektieren.As long as the detectors of the fire alarm increase the fire
Detect sensitivity level 9 (Fig. 3), the extinguishing
Nach Detektion des Brandendes übermitteln die Brandmelder 4 keine weiteren
Triggersignale zur Löscheinrichtung 1 und der Löschvorgang wird nach Ablauf einer
voreingestellten Nachlöschzeit deaktiviert.After detection of the end of the fire, the
Die voreingestellte Nachlöschzeit 15 wird mittels des von der Steuereinheit 7 generierten
Lösch-Stop-Signals aktiviert.The preset
Anschließend werden die Detektoren mittels Verstärker 11,12 wieder auf normale
(voreingestellte) Empfindlichkeit zurückgestellt.The detectors are then returned to normal by means of
Die Brandmeldeeinrichtung 2, insbesondere deren Brandmelder 4 können zusätzlich mit
einem weiteren geeigneten Detektorelement 10 zur Überwachung des Löschmitteleinsatzes
im Brandfall ausgestattet sein.The
Wird durch das Detektorelement 10 ein zu Brandbekämpfung ausreichender
Löschmitteleinsatz festgestellt, erfolgt auch hier die Erzeugung eines Lösch-Stop-Signals
und die Aktivierung einer voreingestellten Nachlöschzeit. Is sufficient for fire fighting by the
Ein Löschmitteleinsatz ist dann ausreichend, wenn beispielsweise bei einer Gaslöscheinrichtung die Löschgaskonzentration (CO2-Gehalt) hoch genug ist, um den Brand zu ersticken.An extinguishing agent is sufficient if, for example, the extinguishing gas concentration (CO 2 content) in a gas extinguishing device is high enough to suffocate the fire.
Als geeignetes Detektorelement 10 zur Überwachung des Löschmitteleinsatzes kann z.B. in
einer CO2-Löschanlage ein CO2-Sensor oder in einer Gaslöschanlage ein O2-Sensor
verwendet werden.As a
Das Lösch-Stop-Signal des Detektorelements 10 wird je nach Auslegung der stationären
Löschanlage entweder in der Steuereinheit 7 des Brandmelders 4 oder in einer
Brandmeldezentrale 8 verarbeitet und an die Löscheinrichtung 1 übermittelt.The delete-stop signal of the
Das erfindungsgemäße Löschverfahren hat insbesondere den Vorteil, dass der Löschmitteleinsatz sehr gezielt und dem Brandverlauf entsprechend angepasst erfolgt.The deletion method according to the invention has the particular advantage that the Extinguishing agent is used very specifically and adapted to the course of the fire.
Ist ein Brand erfolgreich bekämpft, wird die Löschmittelzufuhr unterbrochen und es werden weitere Schäden an Personen oder Einrichtungen vermieden.If a fire has been successfully combated, the extinguishing agent supply is interrupted and there will be further damage to people or facilities avoided.
Es wird eine deutliche Reduzierung der Löschmittelmenge erreicht.A significant reduction in the amount of extinguishing agent is achieved.
Die kontinuierliche oder stufenweise Erhöhung der Empfindlichkeit von Detektoren der Brandmelder nach der ersten Alarmauslösung ermöglicht eine differenzierte Bewertung des realen Brandgeschehens. The continuous or gradual increase in sensitivity of the detectors Fire detector after the first alarm trigger enables a differentiated evaluation of the real fire events.
- 11
- Löscheinrichtungextinguishing device
- 22
- BrandmeldeeinrichtungFire alarm device
- 33
- Überwachungsbereichmonitoring area
- 44
- Brandmelderfire alarm
- 55
- Detektoren Typ AType A detectors
- 66
- Detektoren Typ BType B detectors
- 77
- Steuereinheit mit Speicher (in den Brandmelder integriert)Control unit with memory (integrated in the fire detector)
- 88th
- BrandmeldezentraleFire Panel
- 99
- Signal "Feuer detektiert" durch BrandmelderFire detector signal "fire detected"
- 1010
- Detektorelement für das Lösch-Stop-SignalDetector element for the delete stop signal
- 1111
- Verstärkerschaltung AAmplifier circuit A
- 1212
- Verstärkerschaltung BAmplifier circuit B
- 1313
- Signalleitungensignal lines
- 1414
- Start des LöschvorgangsStart of the deletion process
- 1515
- NachlöschzyklusNachlöschzyklus
- 1616
- Punkt bei dem das Umschalten auf hohe Empfindlichkeit erfolgtPoint at which switching to high sensitivity takes place
- 1717
- Normale Empfindlichkeit auf der ZeitachseNormal sensitivity on the timeline
- 1818
- Löschung Stop, Nachlöschzeit abgelaufenDeletion stop, post-deletion time expired
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10204384A DE10204384C1 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2002-02-04 | Control method, for stationary fire extinguishing installation, has sensitivity of fire detector sensors switched to match progression of fire |
| DE10204384 | 2002-02-04 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1332773A1 true EP1332773A1 (en) | 2003-08-06 |
| EP1332773B1 EP1332773B1 (en) | 2009-05-06 |
Family
ID=7713629
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03001701A Expired - Lifetime EP1332773B1 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2003-01-27 | Method for controlling a stationary extinguishing installation |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6788208B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1332773B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1325133C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE430604T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10204384C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2324985T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1332773E (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT1332773E (en) | 2009-06-26 |
| CN1325133C (en) | 2007-07-11 |
| EP1332773B1 (en) | 2009-05-06 |
| US20030146843A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
| ES2324985T3 (en) | 2009-08-21 |
| DE50311486D1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
| US6788208B2 (en) | 2004-09-07 |
| ATE430604T1 (en) | 2009-05-15 |
| DE10204384C1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
| CN1456371A (en) | 2003-11-19 |
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