EP1328384A1 - Extruder for vegetal particles mixed with a binding agent - Google Patents

Extruder for vegetal particles mixed with a binding agent

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Publication number
EP1328384A1
EP1328384A1 EP01958060A EP01958060A EP1328384A1 EP 1328384 A1 EP1328384 A1 EP 1328384A1 EP 01958060 A EP01958060 A EP 01958060A EP 01958060 A EP01958060 A EP 01958060A EP 1328384 A1 EP1328384 A1 EP 1328384A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strand
extrusion
walls
station
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01958060A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1328384B1 (en
Inventor
Xaver Spies
Wilhelm Nagl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Anton Heggenstaller GmbH
Original Assignee
Anton Heggenstaller GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anton Heggenstaller GmbH filed Critical Anton Heggenstaller GmbH
Publication of EP1328384A1 publication Critical patent/EP1328384A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1328384B1 publication Critical patent/EP1328384B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/28—Moulding or pressing characterised by using extrusion presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/26—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using press rams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an extrusion press for small vegetable components mixed with binder, in particular from wood waste, in which the extrusion piston is pushed intermittently through a recipient and a curing channel.
  • Wood products are common and wood waste from glue factories is available in sufficient quantities.
  • Chips of higher moisture cause a rapid increase in the feed pressure, which leads to the press becoming stuck within a few strokes of the extrusion piston.
  • Chip material shows different elastoplastic behavior with higher humidity. While dry chip is practically non-flowable (so-called non-rising mixture) and thus only a small part of the pressure is diverted from the main piston to the duct wall, the material reacts more and more plastically with increasing moisture. At the same feed pressure, the material compresses more and the pressure on the side walls of the recipient increases. This means that in the following stroke, more feed force is necessary to increase the higher
  • the object is achieved in that for the extrusion of small parts of higher humidity of, for example, 8% to 14% atroot, the walls of the first section of the curing channel following the recipient are arranged to avoid friction during the advance of the extrusion piston.
  • the walls of the first section of the curing duct are rigidly arranged.
  • An exact shaping of the strand is thereby achieved, while a "pressing skin" already forms in the edge zone of the strand due to the action of heat.
  • the strength of the edge zone of the strand is sufficient to hold the shape when it enters the moveable heating aisles. If, on the other hand, wood waste of higher humidity is used, the strand blocks in the area of this preheating.
  • the walls of the first section of the curing duct following the recipient are arranged so as to be able to evade in a friction-reducing manner, for which purpose several design options are available. For example, the walls can be kept constant
  • Contact pressure should be supported resiliently. But you can also connect the walls to form a radial press station with cyclically controllable lifting drives.
  • Preheating which is provided with rigid walls according to the prior art, by which it is to be replaced according to the radial pressing station. On the other hand, it also makes sense to replace the preheating cycle with an arrangement with evasive walls and the
  • the movable side walls of the radial press station are suspended via hydraulic cylinders, which in turn can be connected to a pressure accumulator.
  • the pressure is reduced to a certain level and held by the pressure accumulator. This means that the walls of the radial press station lie on the product strand with constant force.
  • the higher wall pressure of the product breaks down to the preset level by evading the wall.
  • the pressure accumulator acts like a gas spring and the restoring force remains approximately the same.
  • the strand On the return stroke of the main piston, the strand is in the
  • the accumulator is pushed off and the hydraulic pressure is increased to such an extent that the strand part located in the radial press station is pressed to a preset undersize.
  • the pressure level is lowered again and the accumulator switched on.
  • the strand of material springs back to the nominal size. In this way, the elastic expansion tendency of the strand material is absorbed.
  • the pressing force of the side walls can be dimensioned such that the elastic resilience of the strand material leads to the desired friction and that there is no longer any dimensional change in the subsequent movable heating cycles.
  • the so-called preheating cycle that is the first section of the curing duct following the recipient, is provided with rigid walls. There the desired cross-sectional shape is conveyed to the strand.
  • Another object of the invention provides a work station for applying saturated steam to the outer surface of the pressed strand, in which sealing means, in particular pressing jaws, are arranged along the strand surface in order to avoid the escape of steam.
  • a work station has been proposed by the older PCT / EP 00/06872.
  • their use is not intended for pressing chips of higher moisture.
  • the supply of saturated steam to the strand which is also preferably carried out in a cyclical fashion, produces an intensive warming of the strand, with the result that the binding of the binder takes place suddenly and the hardening of the strand takes place more quickly than hitherto.
  • Radial press station is integrated.
  • the same functional elements occur in both stations for different reasons, namely to exert pressure radially from the outside on the strand which has not yet hardened or only in the edge zone and thus to bring about a slight deformation. It is therefore expedient, according to the invention, to use the device required to control the friction conditions to supply steam.
  • the aforementioned radial press station is heated by a suitable heat transfer medium anyway and the surface pressure required to produce the final outer contour is sufficient to ensure the sealing of the press jaws against the escape of the process steam.
  • An extrusion press constructed in this way is extremely short and only needs a shortened one after the combined radial press / steam supply station
  • the length of the heating aisle which keeps the material clamped until the glue reaction is completed so that the material residual stresses of the compressed product no longer lead to changes in shape.
  • the wall friction conditions can be controlled precisely.
  • the work station for applying saturated steam can also be arranged in the area of the heating passage of the curing duct, in which temperature increases in the edge zone of the strand are effected in a conventional manner.
  • Figure 1 a vertical section through a
  • FIG. 2 a vertical section through a variant according to FIG. 1 with a radial press station integrated in the first section,
  • Figure 3 a vertical section through a
  • Figure 4 a vertical section through a
  • Extrusion press according to Figure 2 with an integrated work station for applying saturated steam in a radial press station.
  • an extrusion press (1) is shown schematically, in which an extrusion piston (3) can be moved back and forth in the horizontal direction.
  • This extrusion piston (3) forms an extrusion (2), which is pressed through a recipient (4) and a curing channel (6).
  • the recipient (4) consists of rigid walls with an opening angle (7) that widens in the direction of extrusion.
  • This opening angle (7) can be larger than in conventional systems when it comes to pressing strands of small plant parts, in particular wood, with higher moisture.
  • a first section (5) of the curing channel (6) which in conventional extrusion systems generally consists of rigid walls and is referred to as a preheating cycle.
  • the invention therefore provides for the walls (8) of this first section (5) of the curing channel (6) to be designed to be evasive, which can be done, for example, by spring-supported walls (8).
  • the radial pressing station (5 ') is integrated in the first section of the curing channel (6).
  • a curing channel (6) extends, which is equipped with heating lines (15) in a conventional manner in order to bring about the curing and drying of the strand (2).
  • the formation of such a curing channel is already known and therefore does not require any further description.
  • FIG. 3 it is shown how the strand (2) can be warmed with the aid of saturated steam and can therefore be set more quickly.
  • Work station (10) for applying saturated steam through steam supply holes (14).
  • the work station (10) has pressing jaws (13) which are pressed against the strand (2) with the aid of the lifting motors (11).
  • a braking and cooling zone (16) which is intended to prevent the uncontrolled expansion of the not yet fully cured strand, is arranged downstream of the steam supply station.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the functions of the radial pressing station (5 ') and the steam supply station (10) can also be combined.
  • This arrangement complements the radial press station (5 ') with the units for steam metering and feeding. Pressing the pressing jaws (13) leads to a contractive strand deformation, in order to thereby produce the final external dimensions of the strand (2). It is essential that this deformation is used to prevent the steam supplied from evading along the strand (2).

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention seeks to significantly reduce investment in expensive drying systems for vegetal particles, especially wood, during pre- preparation of the extruder when such vegetal particles exhibiting a high degree of moisture, for example, 8-14 % atro are intended to be pressed. In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a conventional extruder is used, wherein the mixture of particles is pushed through a receptacle (4) and a hardening channel (6) by means of an extruder piston. The invention is characterized in that the walls (8) of the first section of the hardening channel (6) downstream from the receptacle (4) are arranged in such a way that they can yield (8,9) and thereby reduce friction as the extruder piston (3) advances. This prevents the strand of extruded material from becoming blocked in the pre-heating section of the hardening channel.

Description

BESCHREIBUNG DESCRIPTION
Strangpresse für mit Bindemittel vermengte pflanzlicheExtrusion press for plant-based materials mixed with binder
Kleinteilesmall parts
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Strangpresse für mit Bindemittel vermengte pflanzliche Kleinteile, insbesondere aus Holzabfällen, bei welcher der Strang von einem Strangpresskolben taktweise durch einen Rezipienten und einen Aushärtekanal geschoben wird.The invention relates to an extrusion press for small vegetable components mixed with binder, in particular from wood waste, in which the extrusion piston is pushed intermittently through a recipient and a curing channel.
Wenn es um das Strangpressen von Holzkleinteilen geht, arbeitet man bisher in der Praxis mit getrocknetem Spanmaterial von 2% bis 3% atro Restfeuchte. Um diesen Trocknungszustand zu erreichen, sind erhebliche Anlageinvestitionen erforderlich, die aus Gründen der Wirtschaftlichkeit voraussetzen, dass ein entsprechend großer Verbrauch an getrocknetem Spanmaterial zum Strangpressen vorhanden ist.So far, when it comes to the extrusion of small wooden parts, one has worked in practice with dried chip material with a residual moisture of 2% to 3%. In order to achieve this drying state, considerable investment in equipment is required, which, for reasons of economy, presupposes that there is a correspondingly large consumption of dried chip material for extrusion.
Die angegeben Restfeuchte wird jedoch durch die Zudosierung der wasserhaltigen Leimrezeptur erheblich angehoben, so dass ein Endprodukt mit ca. 7% bis 9% Feuchte entsteht.However, the specified residual moisture is increased considerably by adding the water-containing glue formulation, so that an end product with approx. 7% to 9% moisture is obtained.
Wenn man aus den Holzkleinteilen Palettenklötze herstellen will, wird diese geringe Holzfeuchte an sich nicht benötigt. In Verbindung mit Paletten wird nämlich nach der Fertigung eine Holzfeuchte der Bretter von ca. 18% erzielt, wobei natürlich der Palettenklotz, der eine geringere Feuchte aufweist, Wasser aufnimmt. Im späteren Gebrauch der Palette stellen sich Feuchtegehalte zwischen 14% und 30% ein, je nachdem, unter welchen Bedingungen die Paletten gelagert werden. Es ist demnach widersprüchlich, die Palettenklötze mit einer sehr geringen Holzfeuchte zu pressen, die eigentlich gar nicht benötigt wird, weil im Zusammenbau mit Paletten und im späteren Gebrauch ein wesentlich höherer Feuchtegehalt entsteht.If you want to produce small blocks of wood from the wooden parts, this low wood moisture is not required per se. In connection with pallets, a wood moisture of about 18% of the boards is achieved after production, whereby of course the pallet block, which has a lower moisture content, absorbs water. When the pallet is used later, the moisture content is between 14% and 30%, depending on the conditions under which the pallets are stored. It is therefore contradictory to press the pallet blocks with a very low level of wood moisture, which is actually not required at all, because when assembled with pallets and later in use, the moisture content is much higher.
Nach bisherigen Erkenntnissen war jedoch die Trocknung des Spanmaterials auf 2% bis 3% atro Restfeuchte eine Voraussetzung, um die Strangpressen optimal und störungsfrei betreiben zu können. Diese Bedingung verursacht allerdings die großtechnische Trocknung der Holzspäne mit einem hohen Investment, die erhebliche Energiekosten verursacht. Bestehende Spänetrocknungsanlagen, die an der Kapazitätsgrenze arbeiten, sind technisch nur mit großem Aufwand auf höheren Durchsatz nachzurüsten .According to previous knowledge, drying the chip material to a residual moisture of 2% to 3% was a prerequisite for operating the extrusion presses optimally and without problems. However, this condition causes the large-scale drying of the wood chips with a high investment, which causes considerable energy costs. Existing chip drying systems that work at the capacity limit can only be technically upgraded to higher throughput with great effort.
Aus dieser Problematik ergibt sich die Aufgabe der Erfindung, pflanzliche Kleinteile, insbesondere Holzabfälle, mit höheren FeuchtigkeitsanteilenThe problem of the invention arises from this problem, small plant parts, in particular wood waste, with higher moisture contents
Strangpressen zu können, um damit die Investierung in aufwendige Anlagen zur Spantrocknung entbehrlich zu machen. Die Zielvorstellung ist hierbei die Verarbeitung von Spanmaterial von ca. 8% bis 14% Holzfeuchte. -Diese Holzfeuchte ist bei der Herstellung von verleimtenTo be able to extrude, in order to make the investment in complex systems for chip drying unnecessary. The goal here is the processing of chip material from approx. 8% to 14% wood moisture. -This wood moisture is in the manufacture of glued
Holzprodukten üblich und Holzabfälle aus Verleimfabriken sind in ausreichender Menge verfügbar.Wood products are common and wood waste from glue factories is available in sufficient quantities.
Diese Aufgabe ist an sich aufgrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen widersinnig, weil die Beobachtung gemacht worden ist, dass Holzspäne höherer Feuchte in einer konventionellen Strangpresse nicht störungsfrei verarbeitet werden können.This task is inherently absurd based on previous experience, because it has been observed that wood chips of higher moisture cannot be processed without problems in a conventional extrusion press.
Späne höherer Feuchtigkeit bewirken eine rapide Zunahme des Vorschubdruckes, was innerhalb weniger Hübe des Strangpresskolbens zum Festsetzen der Presse führt. Spanmaterial zeigt mit höherer Feuchtigkeit unterschiedliches elastoplastisches Verhalten. Während trockener Span praktisch nicht fließfähig ist (sog. nicht steigfähiges Gemisch) und damit nur einen geringen Teil des Druckes vom Hauptkolben auf die Kanalwand ableitet, reagiert das Material mit steigender Feuchte immer plastischer. Unter demselben Vorschubdruck verdichtet sich das Material höher und der Druck auf die Seitenwände des Rezipienten steigt an. Das bedeutet, dass im folgenden Hub mehr Vorschubkraft notwendig ist, um die höhereChips of higher moisture cause a rapid increase in the feed pressure, which leads to the press becoming stuck within a few strokes of the extrusion piston. Chip material shows different elastoplastic behavior with higher humidity. While dry chip is practically non-flowable (so-called non-rising mixture) and thus only a small part of the pressure is diverted from the main piston to the duct wall, the material reacts more and more plastically with increasing moisture. At the same feed pressure, the material compresses more and the pressure on the side walls of the recipient increases. This means that in the following stroke, more feed force is necessary to increase the higher
Wandreibung zu überwinden und dieses Strangelement hoher verdichtet wird als das vorhergehende, was wiederum den Druck auf die Wand und die Reibung erhöht. Dieser Prozess ist selbstverstärkend und führt innerhalb weniger Hübe zum Festfahren der Presse.To overcome wall friction and this strand element is compressed more than the previous one, which in turn increases the pressure on the wall and the friction. This process is self-reinforcing and leads to the press getting stuck within a few strokes.
Mit der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass für das Strangpressen von Kleinteilen höherer Feuchtigkeit von beispielsweise 8% bis 14% atro die Wände des dem Rezipienten folgenden ersten Abschnittes des Aushärtekanals während des Vorschubs des Strangpresskolbens reibungsmindernd ausweichfähig angeordnet sind.With the invention, the object is achieved in that for the extrusion of small parts of higher humidity of, for example, 8% to 14% atroot, the walls of the first section of the curing channel following the recipient are arranged to avoid friction during the advance of the extrusion piston.
Beim Stand der Technik sind die Wände des als Vorheizgang bezeichneten ersten Abschnittes des Aushärtekanals starr angeordnet. Man erreicht damit eine exakte Formgebung des Stranges, während sich durch Wärmeeinwirkung in der Randzone des Stranges bereits eine "Presshaut" bildet. Die Festigkeit der Randzone des Stranges reicht aus, die Form bei Eintritt in die beweglich aufliegenden Heizgänge zu halten. Verwendet man hingegen Holzabfälle höherer Feuchtigkeit, dann blockiert der Strang im Bereich dieses Vorheizganges . Deswegen werden beim Gegenstand der Erfindung die Wände des dem Rezipienten folgenden ersten Abschnittes des Aushärtekanals reibungsmindernd ausweichfähig angeordnet, wozu sich mehrere Ausführungsmöglichkeiten anbieten. Beispielsweise können die Wände mit konstantemIn the prior art, the walls of the first section of the curing duct, referred to as the preheating passage, are rigidly arranged. An exact shaping of the strand is thereby achieved, while a "pressing skin" already forms in the edge zone of the strand due to the action of heat. The strength of the edge zone of the strand is sufficient to hold the shape when it enters the moveable heating aisles. If, on the other hand, wood waste of higher humidity is used, the strand blocks in the area of this preheating. For this reason, in the subject matter of the invention, the walls of the first section of the curing duct following the recipient are arranged so as to be able to evade in a friction-reducing manner, for which purpose several design options are available. For example, the walls can be kept constant
Anpressdruck federnd abgestützt sein. Man kann aber auch die Wände zur Bildung einer Radialpressstation mit taktweise steuerbaren Hubantrieben verbinden.Contact pressure should be supported resiliently. But you can also connect the walls to form a radial press station with cyclically controllable lifting drives.
Es ist nun erfindungsgemäß möglich, den bisherigenIt is now possible according to the present invention
Vorheizgang, der nach dem Stand der Technik mit starren Wänden versehen ist, durch die er indungsgemäße Radialpressstation zu ersetzen. Andererseits ist es aber auch sinnvoll, den Vorheizgang durch eine Anordnung mit ausweichfähigen Wänden zu ersetzen und diePreheating, which is provided with rigid walls according to the prior art, by which it is to be replaced according to the radial pressing station. On the other hand, it also makes sense to replace the preheating cycle with an arrangement with evasive walls and the
Radialpressstation erst danach anzuordnen. In beiden Fällen wird die Kalibrierung des Stranges am Ende der Radialpressstation erreicht.Arrange the radial press station only afterwards. In both cases, the calibration of the strand is achieved at the end of the radial press station.
Die beweglichen Seitenwände der Radialpressstation sind über Hydraulikzylinder aufgehängt, die wiederum mit einem Druckspeicher verbunden sein können. Im Vorhub wird der Druck auf ein bestimmtes Niveau abgesenkt und über die Druckspeicher gehalten. Damit liegen die Wände der Radialpressstation mit konstanter Kraft am Produktstrang an. Der höhere Wanddruck des Produktes baut sich auf das voreingestellte Niveau ab, indem die Wand ausweicht. Der Druckspeicher wirkt wie eine Gasfeder und die Rückstellkraft bleibt annähernd gleich. Beim Rückhub des Hauptkolbens ist der Strang imThe movable side walls of the radial press station are suspended via hydraulic cylinders, which in turn can be connected to a pressure accumulator. In the advance stroke, the pressure is reduced to a certain level and held by the pressure accumulator. This means that the walls of the radial press station lie on the product strand with constant force. The higher wall pressure of the product breaks down to the preset level by evading the wall. The pressure accumulator acts like a gas spring and the restoring force remains approximately the same. On the return stroke of the main piston, the strand is in the
Stillstand. Nun wird der Speicher abgeschiebert und der Hydraulikdruck soweit erhöht, dass der in der Radialpressstation befindliche Strangteil auf ein voreingestelltes Untermaß gepresst wird. Vor dem nächsten Hub wird das Druckniveau wieder abgesenkt und der Speicher zugeschalte . Nun federt der Materialstrang auf das Nennmaß zurück. Auf diese Weise wird die elastische Ausdehnungstendenz des Strangmaterials aufgefangen. Man kann die Presskraft der Seitenwande so bemessen, dass die elastische Rückfederung des Strangmaterials zur gewünschten Reibung führt und in den nachfolgenden beweglichen Heizgängen keine Maßveränderung mehr stattfindet.Standstill. Now the accumulator is pushed off and the hydraulic pressure is increased to such an extent that the strand part located in the radial press station is pressed to a preset undersize. Before the next stroke, the pressure level is lowered again and the accumulator switched on. Now the strand of material springs back to the nominal size. In this way, the elastic expansion tendency of the strand material is absorbed. The pressing force of the side walls can be dimensioned such that the elastic resilience of the strand material leads to the desired friction and that there is no longer any dimensional change in the subsequent movable heating cycles.
Wie bereits eingangs erwähnt, ist bei den vorbekannten Strangpressen der sogenannte Vorheizgang, das ist der dem Rezipienten folgende erste Abschnitt des Aushärtekanals, mit starren Wanden versehen. Dort wird dem Strang die gewünschte Querschnittsform vermittelt.As already mentioned at the beginning, in the previously known extrusion presses the so-called preheating cycle, that is the first section of the curing duct following the recipient, is provided with rigid walls. There the desired cross-sectional shape is conveyed to the strand.
Diesen Vorheizgang mit ausweichfähigen Wänden auszustatten, ist dem Stand der Technik nicht als bekannt entnehmbar.It is not known from the prior art that it is possible to equip this preheating cycle with walls which can be avoided.
Wohl aber ist es durch die DE-25 35 989 AI bekannt, die Wände des Aushärtekanals beim Presshub und beimBut it is known from DE-25 35 989 AI, the walls of the curing channel during the press stroke and
Rückwärtshub des Strangpresskolbens unterschiedlich abzustützen. Dadurch soll beim Presshub des Strangpresskolbens die Reibung der Wände des Aushärtekanals am Strang reduziert und beim Rückwärtshub des Strangpresskolbens durch verstärkte Abstützkraft der Wärmeübergang von den Wänden des Aushärtekanals auf den Strang verbessert werden. Um diese unterschiedlichen Abstützkräfte zu erzeugen, sind die Wände des Aushärtekanals mit Hubmotoren verbunden. Eine Ausweichbewegung der Wände findet aber bei diesem Stand der Technik nicht statt.Support the reverse stroke of the extrusion piston differently. This is intended to reduce the friction of the walls of the hardening channel on the strand during the press stroke of the extrusion piston and to improve the heat transfer from the walls of the hardening channel to the strand during the backward stroke of the extrusion piston by means of increased supporting force. In order to generate these different support forces, the walls of the curing duct are connected to lifting motors. With this prior art, there is no evasive movement of the walls.
Eine ähnliche Lehre zeigt die DE-32 05 866 AI, bei der die Wände zur Veränderung des Strangquerschnittes verstellbar und in der eingestellten Lage mit unterschiedlichen Kräften abgestützt sind. Auch hier findet beim Strangpresshub keine Ausweichbewegung der Wände des Aushärtekanals statt.A similar teaching is shown in DE-32 05 866 AI, in which the walls are adjustable to change the strand cross-section and are supported in the set position with different forces. Here, too, there is no evasive movement of the walls of the extrusion stroke Curing channel instead.
Bei einem anderen Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Arbeitsstation zum Aufbringen von Sattdampf auf die Außenmantelfläche des gepressten Stranges vorgesehen, in der Abdichtmittel, insbesondere Pressbacken, zur Vermeidung der Dampfentweichung längs der Strangoberfläche angeordnet sind. Eine solche Arbeitsstation ist durch die ältere PCT/EP 00/06872 vorgeschlagen worden. Ihre Anwendung ist aber nicht für das Verpressen von Spänen höherer Feuchtigkeit bestimmt. Mit dieser Erfindung wird hingegen durch die Zuführung von Sattdampf auf den Strang, die ebenfalls vorzugsweise taktförmig erfolgt, eine intensive Durchwärmung des Stranges erzeugt mit der Folge, dass die Abbindung des Bindemittels schlagartig erfolgt und die Aushärtung des Stranges schneller als bisher vonstatten geht.Another object of the invention provides a work station for applying saturated steam to the outer surface of the pressed strand, in which sealing means, in particular pressing jaws, are arranged along the strand surface in order to avoid the escape of steam. Such a work station has been proposed by the older PCT / EP 00/06872. However, their use is not intended for pressing chips of higher moisture. With this invention, on the other hand, the supply of saturated steam to the strand, which is also preferably carried out in a cyclical fashion, produces an intensive warming of the strand, with the result that the binding of the binder takes place suddenly and the hardening of the strand takes place more quickly than hitherto.
In einer Variante der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass diese Arbeitsstation zum Aufbringen von Sattdampf in dieIn a variant of the invention it is provided that this work station for applying saturated steam in the
Radialpressstation integriert ist. In beiden Stationen kommen aus unterschiedlichen Gründen dieselben Funktionselemente vor, nämlich radial von außen auf den noch nicht oder nur in der Randzone ausgehärteten Strang Druck auszuüben und damit eine geringe Verformung zu bewirken. Es ist daher zweckmäßig, die zur Steuerung der Reibungsverhältnisse notwendige Einrichtung erfindungsgemäß auch dazu zu verwenden, Dampf zuzuführen. Die vorgenannte Radialpressstation ist durch ein geeignetes Wärmeträgermedium ohnehin beheizt und der für das Herstellen der endgültigen Außenkontur notwendige Flächendruck reicht aus, um die Abdichtung der Pressbacken gegen das Entweichen des Prozessdampfes zu gewährleisten.Radial press station is integrated. The same functional elements occur in both stations for different reasons, namely to exert pressure radially from the outside on the strand which has not yet hardened or only in the edge zone and thus to bring about a slight deformation. It is therefore expedient, according to the invention, to use the device required to control the friction conditions to supply steam. The aforementioned radial press station is heated by a suitable heat transfer medium anyway and the surface pressure required to produce the final outer contour is sufficient to ensure the sealing of the press jaws against the escape of the process steam.
Eine derart aufgebaute Strangpresse baut äußerst kurz und benötigt nach der kombinierten Radialpress-/Dampfzufuhrstation nur noch eine verkürzte Heizganglänge, die das Material solange eingespannt hält, bis die Leimreaktion soweit abgeschlossen ist, dass die Materialeigenspannungen des verdichteten Produktes nicht mehr zu Formveränderungen führen. Allen beschriebenen Ausführungsvarianten ist gemeinsam, dass in der Zone der Energiezufuhr und Temperaturerhöhung die Seitenwande entweder taktweise lüften oder ausreichende Zwischenräume vorgesehen sind, um zu vermeiden, dass sich im Gefüge nennenswerter Dampfdruck aufbaut. In Verbindung mit dem gegenüber herkömmlichen Strangpressen verkürzten Heizgang sind die Wandreibungsverhältnisse exakt beherrschbar.An extrusion press constructed in this way is extremely short and only needs a shortened one after the combined radial press / steam supply station The length of the heating aisle, which keeps the material clamped until the glue reaction is completed so that the material residual stresses of the compressed product no longer lead to changes in shape. It is common to all the design variants described that in the zone of energy supply and temperature increase the side walls either ventilate intermittently or sufficient gaps are provided in order to avoid that significant vapor pressure builds up in the structure. In conjunction with the shorter heating cycle compared to conventional extrusion presses, the wall friction conditions can be controlled precisely.
Alternativ kann allerdings die Arbeitsstation zum Aufbringen von Sattdampf auch im Bereich des Heizganges des Aushärtekanals angeordnet sein, in dem auf konventionelle Weise Temperaturerhöhungen in der Randzone des Stranges bewirkt werden. Alternatively, however, the work station for applying saturated steam can also be arranged in the area of the heating passage of the curing duct, in which temperature increases in the edge zone of the strand are effected in a conventional manner.
Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung schematisch und beispielsweise dargestellt. Es zeigen:Details of the invention are shown schematically and for example in the drawing. Show it:
Figur 1: einen Vertikalschnitt durch eineFigure 1: a vertical section through a
Strangpresse mit nachgiebigen Wänden des dem Rezipienten folgenden ersten Abschnittes des Aushärtekanals und einer folgenden Radialpressstation,Extrusion press with flexible walls of the first section of the curing channel following the recipient and a following radial press station,
Figur 2: einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Variante gemäß Figur 1 mit einer in den ersten Abschnitt integrierten Radialpressstation,FIG. 2: a vertical section through a variant according to FIG. 1 with a radial press station integrated in the first section,
Figur 3: einen Vertikalschnitt durch eineFigure 3: a vertical section through a
Strangpresse gemäß Figur 2 mit einer zusätzlichen Arbeitsstation zum Aufbringen von Sattdampf undExtrusion press according to Figure 2 with an additional work station for applying saturated steam and
Figur 4: einen Vertikalschnitt durch eineFigure 4: a vertical section through a
Strangpresse gemäß Figur 2 mit einer integrierten Arbeitsstation zum Aufbringen von Sattdampf in einer Radialpressstation.Extrusion press according to Figure 2 with an integrated work station for applying saturated steam in a radial press station.
Im Beispiel der Figur 1 ist in schematischer Weise eine Strangpresse (1) dargestellt, in der ein Strangpresskolben (3) in horizontaler Richtung hin- und herbewegbar ist. Dieser Strangpresskolben (3) formt einen Strang (2), der durch einen Rezipienten (4) und einen Aushärtekanal (6) gepresst wird. Der Rezipient (4) besteht aus starren Wänden mit einem sich in Strangpressrichtung erweiternden Öffnungswinkel (7). Dieser Öffnungswinkel (7) kann größer sein als bei herkömmlichen Anlagen, wenn es darum geht, Stränge aus pflanzlichen Kleinteilen, insbesondere Holz, mit höherer Feuchtigkeit zu verpressen. Im Anschluss an den Rezipienten (4) ist ein erster Abschnitt (5) des Aushärtekanals (6) angeordnet, der bei herkömmlichen Strangpressanlagen in der Regel aus starren Wänden besteht und als Vorheizgang bezeichnet wird. Wenn man pflanzliche Kleinteile höherer Festigkeit verpresst, würde ein solcher starrer Vorheizgang zur Blockierung der Presse führen. Deshalb sieht die Erfindung vor, die Wände (8) dieses ersten Abschnittes (5) des Aushärtekanals (6) ausweichf hig zu gestalten, was beispielsweise durch federnd abgestützte Wände (8) erfolgen kann. ImIn the example in FIG. 1, an extrusion press (1) is shown schematically, in which an extrusion piston (3) can be moved back and forth in the horizontal direction. This extrusion piston (3) forms an extrusion (2), which is pressed through a recipient (4) and a curing channel (6). The recipient (4) consists of rigid walls with an opening angle (7) that widens in the direction of extrusion. This opening angle (7) can be larger than in conventional systems when it comes to pressing strands of small plant parts, in particular wood, with higher moisture. Following the recipient (4) there is a first section (5) of the curing channel (6), which in conventional extrusion systems generally consists of rigid walls and is referred to as a preheating cycle. If you press small vegetable parts of higher strength, such a rigid preheating would block the press. The invention therefore provides for the walls (8) of this first section (5) of the curing channel (6) to be designed to be evasive, which can be done, for example, by spring-supported walls (8). in the
Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 2 ist die Radialpressstation (5') in den ersten Abschnitt des Aushärtekanals (6) integriert .2, the radial pressing station (5 ') is integrated in the first section of the curing channel (6).
In diesem Fall wird eine Radialpressstation (5') mit ausweichfähigen Wänden (8?) gebildet, welche den bei bekannten Anlagen vorhandenen Vorheizgang ersetzt.In this case, a radial pressing station (5 ') with evasive walls (8 ? ) Is formed, which replaces the pre-heating cycle existing in known systems.
Diese Ausweichbewegung der Wände (8') hat noch nicht zur Folge, dass sich eine klare Außenflächenkontur desThis evasive movement of the walls (8 ') does not yet result in a clear outer surface contour of the
Stranges (2) bilden kann. Aus diesem Grund sind die Wände (8') über Hubmotoren (11) an den Strang beim Rückwärtshub des Strangpresskolbens (3) anpressbar. Die Wände (8') der Radialpressstation (5') üben folglich einen Druck auf den Bereich des Stranges (2) aus, der sich zwischen den Wänden (8') befindet. Diese Druckverstellung der Seitenwände (8') erfolgt taktweise während des Rückwärtshubes des Strangpresskolbens (3). Auf diese Weise wird die Außenkontur des Stranges genau bestimmt.Stranges (2) can form. For this reason, the walls (8 ') can be pressed against the strand during the reverse stroke of the extrusion piston (3) by means of lifting motors (11). The walls (8 ') of the radial pressing station (5') consequently exert pressure on the area of the strand (2) which is located between the walls (8 '). This pressure adjustment of the side walls (8 ') takes place intermittently during the backward stroke of the extrusion piston (3). In this way, the outer contour of the strand is precisely determined.
Im Anschluss an die Radialpressstation (5') erstreckt sich ein Aushärtekanal (6) , der mit Heizleitungen (15) in herkömmlicher Weise ausgestattet ist, um die Aushärtung und Trocknung des Stranges (2) herbeizuführen. Die Ausbildung eines solchen Aushärtekanals ist vorbekannt und bedarf daher keiner näheren Darstellung. Im Beispiel der Figur 3 ist gezeigt, wie man den Strang (2) mit Hilfe der Zufuhr von Sattdampf durchwärmen und daher schneller zur Abbindung bringen kann. Ausgehend von der Anordnung gemäß Figur 2 befindet sich im Anschluss an einige Heizgänge des Aushärtekanals (6) eineFollowing the radial pressing station (5 '), a curing channel (6) extends, which is equipped with heating lines (15) in a conventional manner in order to bring about the curing and drying of the strand (2). The formation of such a curing channel is already known and therefore does not require any further description. In the example in FIG. 3 it is shown how the strand (2) can be warmed with the aid of saturated steam and can therefore be set more quickly. Based on the arrangement according to FIG. 2, there is one following some heating passages of the curing duct (6)
Arbeitsstation (10) zum Aufbringen von Sattdampf durch Dampfzuführbohrungen (14). Um das Entweichen des Sattdampfes längs der Oberfläche des Stranges (2) zu vermeiden, weist die Arbeitsstation (10) Pressbacken (13) auf, die gegen den Strang (2) mit Hilfe der Hubmotoren (11) angedrückt werden. Im Anschluss an die Dampfzuführstation ist noch eine Brems- und Auskühlzone (16) angeordnet, die das unkontrollierte Expandieren des noch nicht voll ausgehärteten Stranges verhindern soll.Work station (10) for applying saturated steam through steam supply holes (14). In order to prevent the saturated steam from escaping along the surface of the strand (2), the work station (10) has pressing jaws (13) which are pressed against the strand (2) with the aid of the lifting motors (11). A braking and cooling zone (16), which is intended to prevent the uncontrolled expansion of the not yet fully cured strand, is arranged downstream of the steam supply station.
Man kann aber auch, wie Figur 4 zeigt, die Funktionen der Radialpressstation (5') und der Dampfzuführstation (10) kombinieren. Diese Anordnung ergänzt die Radialpressstation (5') mit den Aggregaten für die Dampfdosierung und Zuführung. Das Andrücken der Pressbacken (13) führt zu einer kontraktiven Strangverformung, um dadurch die endgültigen Außenmaße des Stranges (2) zu erzeugen. Wesentlich dabei ist, dass diese Verformung genützt wird, um den zugeführten Dampf daran zu hindern, längs des Stranges (2) auszuweichen. However, as FIG. 4 shows, the functions of the radial pressing station (5 ') and the steam supply station (10) can also be combined. This arrangement complements the radial press station (5 ') with the units for steam metering and feeding. Pressing the pressing jaws (13) leads to a contractive strand deformation, in order to thereby produce the final external dimensions of the strand (2). It is essential that this deformation is used to prevent the steam supplied from evading along the strand (2).
STÜCKLISTEPARTS LIST
1 Strangpresse1 extrusion press
2 Strang 3 Strangpresskolben2 strands 3 extrusion pistons
4 Rezipient4 recipient
5 erster Abschnitt des Aushärtekanals 5' Radialpressstation5 first section of the curing duct 5 'radial press station
6 Aushärtekanal (Heizgang) 7 Öffnungswinkel6 curing channel (heating cycle) 7 opening angle
8 ausweichtähige Wand8 evasive wall
8 ' Wand der Radialpressstation8 'Wall of the radial press station
9 Druckspeicher9 pressure accumulators
10 Arbeitsstation zum Aufbringen von Sattdampf 11 Hubmotor10 work station for applying saturated steam 11 lifting motor
12 Radialpressstation mit Zuführung von Sattdampf12 radial press station with supply of saturated steam
13 Pressbacke mit DampfZuführung13 press jaw with steam feed
14 Dampfzuführbohrung14 steam supply hole
15 Heizleitung 16 Brems- und Kühlstrecke 15 heating cable 16 braking and cooling section

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1.) Strangpresse für mit Bindemittel vermengte pflanzliche Kleinteile, insbesondere aus Holzteilen, bei welcher der Strang (2) von einem Strangpresskolben (3) taktweise durch einen Rezipienten (4) und einen Aushärtekanal (6) geschoben wird, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass für das Strangpressen von Kleinteilen höherer Feuchtigkeit von beispielsweise 8% bis 14% atro die Wände (8) des dem Rezipienten (4) folgenden ersten Abschnittes (5) des Aushärtekanals (6) während des Vorschubs des Strangpresskolbens (3) reibungsmindernd ausweichfähig (8,9) angeordnet sind.1.) Extrusion press for small vegetable components mixed with binder, in particular wooden parts, in which the strand (2) is pushed by an extrusion piston (3) intermittently through a recipient (4) and a curing channel (6), characterized in that for the Extrusion of small parts of higher humidity of, for example, 8% to 14% atroot the walls (8) of the first section (5) of the curing channel (6) following the recipient (4) during the advance of the extrusion piston (3) to avoid friction (8,9) are arranged.
Strangpresse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Wände des ersten Abschnittes (5) mit konstantem Anpressdruck federnd abgestützt sind.Extrusion press according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls of the first section (5) are resiliently supported with constant contact pressure.
Strangpresse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Wände (8) des ersten Abschnittes zur Bildung einer Radialpressstation (5') mit taktweise steuerbaren Hubantrieben (11) verbunden sind.Extrusion press according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (8) of the first section are connected to cyclically controllable lifting drives (11) to form a radial press station (5 ').
4.) Strangpresse nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Radialpressstation (5') im Anschluss an den ersten Abschnitt des Aushärtekanals (6) , der die ausweichfähigen Wände (8) aufweist, angeordnet ist. 4.) Extrusion press according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the radial press station (5 ') is arranged after the first section of the curing channel (6), which has the evasive walls (8).
5.) Strangpresse nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Presskraft der Wände (8') in der Radialpressstation (5') so bemessen ist, dass dadurch das Endmaß des Stranges (2) durch Kalibrierung bestimmt wird.5.) Extrusion press according to claim 3 or 4, characterized g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the pressing force of the walls (8 ') in the radial press station (5') is dimensioned such that the final dimension of the strand (2) is determined by calibration.
6.) Strangpresse nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass eine Arbeitsstation (10) zum Aufbringen von Sattdampf auf die Außenmantelfläche des gepressten6.) Extrusion press according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that a work station (10) for applying saturated steam to the outer surface of the pressed
Stranges (2) vorgesehen ist, in der Abdichtmittel, insbesondere Pressbacken (13), zur Vermeidung der Dampfentweichung längs der Strangoberfläche angeordnet sind.Strand (2) is provided, in which sealing means, in particular pressing jaws (13), are arranged along the surface of the strand to avoid the escape of steam.
7.) Strangpresse nach Anspruch 3, 4 oder 6, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Arbeitsstation (10) zum Aufbringen von Sattdampf in die Radialpressstation (5') integriert ist.7.) Extrusion press according to claim 3, 4 or 6, characterized in that the work station (10) for applying saturated steam is integrated in the radial press station (5 ').
8.) Strangpresse nach Anspruch 6, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Arbeitsstation (10) zum Aufbringen von Sattdampf im Bereich von Heizgängen des Aushärtekanals (6) angeordnet ist, in denen auf konventionelle Weise8.) Extrusion press according to claim 6, characterized in that the work station (10) for applying saturated steam is arranged in the area of heating passages of the curing channel (6), in which in a conventional manner
Temperaturerhöhungen in der Randzone des Stranges (2) bewirkt werden. Temperature increases in the edge zone of the strand (2) are caused.
EP01958060A 2000-10-26 2001-08-08 Extruder for vegetal particles mixed with a binding agent Expired - Lifetime EP1328384B1 (en)

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DE20018347U DE20018347U1 (en) 2000-10-26 2000-10-26 Extrusion press for small vegetable components mixed with binder
DE20018347U 2000-10-26
PCT/EP2001/009150 WO2002034489A1 (en) 2000-10-26 2001-08-08 Extruder for vegetal particles mixed with a binding agent

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DE10316119B4 (en) * 2003-04-09 2011-08-11 Schedlbauer, Karl, 86570 Method and device for producing an extruded profile
EP1752267B1 (en) 2005-08-10 2013-07-24 Anton Heggenstaller GmbH Extrusion press
DE202006017826U1 (en) * 2006-11-21 2008-03-27 Anton Heggenstaller Gmbh Extrusion plant for the production of extruded products
DE102006055116B4 (en) * 2006-11-21 2013-10-17 Anton Heggenstaller Gmbh Method and extrusion plant for producing extruded products

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DE2535989A1 (en) 1975-08-12 1977-02-24 Anton Heggenstaller DEVICE FOR CURING EXTRUDED BODY
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PL200466B1 (en) 2009-01-30
DE20018347U1 (en) 2001-10-31
DK1328384T3 (en) 2006-09-18
EE200300176A (en) 2003-06-16
ATE326321T1 (en) 2006-06-15
EP1328384B1 (en) 2006-05-17
ES2262670T3 (en) 2006-12-01
PT1328384E (en) 2006-10-31
CZ298496B6 (en) 2007-10-17
PL360784A1 (en) 2004-09-20
WO2002034489A1 (en) 2002-05-02
SK286200B6 (en) 2008-05-06
SK4912003A3 (en) 2003-09-11

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