EP1327781B1 - Self-priming centrifugal pump - Google Patents

Self-priming centrifugal pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1327781B1
EP1327781B1 EP03000155A EP03000155A EP1327781B1 EP 1327781 B1 EP1327781 B1 EP 1327781B1 EP 03000155 A EP03000155 A EP 03000155A EP 03000155 A EP03000155 A EP 03000155A EP 1327781 B1 EP1327781 B1 EP 1327781B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
self
impeller
centrifugal pump
priming centrifugal
pump according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03000155A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1327781A3 (en
EP1327781A2 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Ursinus
Heinz Rust
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hilge GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Philipp Hilge & Co KG GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1327781A2 publication Critical patent/EP1327781A2/en
Publication of EP1327781A3 publication Critical patent/EP1327781A3/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D7/00Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04D7/02Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/026Selection of particular materials especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D9/00Priming; Preventing vapour lock
    • F04D9/04Priming; Preventing vapour lock using priming pumps; using booster pumps to prevent vapour-lock
    • F04D9/041Priming; Preventing vapour lock using priming pumps; using booster pumps to prevent vapour-lock the priming pump having evacuating action
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/17Alloys
    • F05D2300/171Steel alloys
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40Organic materials
    • F05D2300/43Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-priming centrifugal pump having a suction cover with suction port, an impeller, a flow channel housing receiving the impeller, a pressure-side opening in the flow channel housing and a breaker area in the peripheral region between the pressure-side opening and the suction port.
  • US 3551067 shows a suction cast-iron volute casing pump with a PTFE lining of the pump parts which contact the medium to be conveyed.
  • Centrifugal pumps have long been known in the art, such as from the German Offenlegungsschrift No. 44 00 289 , Centrifugal pumps usually have a suction cover, an impeller and a flow channel housing receiving the impeller. Furthermore, a suction opening and a pressure-side outlet opening are provided.
  • a self-priming centrifugal pump has the special feature that the actual intake is not centrally provided on the suction cover and that circumferentially offset thereto and usually on the opposite side of the suction cover, an outlet opening is provided, wherein suction and pressure-side outlet effectively separated by a so-called breaker area become.
  • the breaker area in the circumferential direction must have a length of at least two bucket wheel chambers, the bucket wheel chamber being the volume between two adjacent bucket wheels. If, then, when moving over the interruption area, a bucket wheel chamber opens to the suction-side section of the flow channel, the next following bucket wheel chamber, coming from the pressure side, is already completely in the interrupter area and thus terminated.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a self-priming centrifugal pump with the features mentioned, which is also suitable for sterile applications with a simple construction possible.
  • suction cover, impeller and flow channel housing made of a sterility requirements sufficient material and / or coated with such a material, and that suction cover and flow channel housing and all other acted upon by the pumping medium static components of the pump are sealed to the functional spaces exposed and well acted upon by the pumping medium seals against each other.
  • the seals in the case of the present invention are deliberately exposed to the pumping medium.
  • the seals are preferably arranged so that the pumping medium acting on the seals must not pass through bottlenecks, the cross-section of which would be significantly smaller (by a factor of 2 or more) than the surfaces of the seal itself to be acted upon.
  • the seals may be arranged, for example, in whole or in part be that the extension of the wall contour of the mutually sealed surfaces in the pump falls in the cross section of the seal.
  • the seals bulge at least slightly in the smooth (ie substantially straight and concave without avoidable curvatures) complemented area of the inner surface of the housing parts before.
  • the pump components in the area of the seals can be designed so that the inner component surfaces, which adjoin the surfaces in contact with the seals, are of a relatively small radius of curvature, typically of the order of 5 mm or smaller, of the Curve away the surface of the seal or at an angle greater than 30 °, from the surface or a tangent to the surface of the seal away.
  • the invention provides that then the width or smallest dimension of the opening between the seal and the other space acted upon with pumping medium is at least 0.5 mm.
  • the aspect ratio of a corresponding opening defined as the depth to width ratio of the access opening or access channel to the seal, should be at most 2, and preferably less than 1. It is essential in any case that neither before the seals or at the transition between seals and the adjacent surfaces narrow and deep gaps or even clear undercuts arise that can only be rinsed poorly by the pumping medium and / or a detergent.
  • the sealing wall sections of the pump components should therefore not hit with less than 30 ° to the sealing surface with the largest possible angle.
  • the wall portion should curve away from the surface of the gasket, at least with a relatively small radius of curvature of less than 5 mm, so that any remaining wedge-shaped gap between gasket and adjoining wall portion has only a very small depth and thus can be easily rinsed out.
  • the seals have expediently a cross section of at least 4 to 8 mm 2 .
  • the gap width should be between the edges of the individual blades of the impeller and the adjacent walls, namely the suction cover and the opposite wall of the flow channel housing and also the corresponding housing portion along the circumference of the impeller is less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.3 mm.
  • a constant 0.2 mm gap width or less can be maintained, and in the interrupter region, this small gap distance can also be maintained with respect to the wall of the flow channel housing opposite the suction cover.
  • a seal is preferably located in the corner region between the suction cover and the edge of the flow channel housing which adjoins it and is arranged offset backwards away from the corresponding corner of the impeller blades by approximately 0.5 mm. That is, the sealing surface jumps back from an imaginary (straight or concave) transition in the corner between the suction cover and the flow channel housing by about 0.2 to 0.3 mm.
  • the flow channel is preferably widened in the radial direction, that is, it has, with the exception of the directly adjacent to the suction cover and the seal in this area bearing portion, a significantly larger diameter than the impeller.
  • the flow channel also runs parallel to the space acted upon by the impeller blades, during which a toroidal vortex is formed in the flow channel and the directly adjoining pump chamber acted on by the impeller. This torus begins in the region of the suction opening and ends at the pressure-side outlet opening, is therefore not complete, but interrupted by the breaker area.
  • the flow channel tapers in the direction of the pressure-side outlet opening, wherein this tapered section is also referred to by experts as "worm extension".
  • worm extension Radially within this appendix a vent hole is provided in the wall of the flow channel housing for the gas, which was possibly sucked at the beginning of a suction by the pump or which is possibly released by degassing from the pumping medium.
  • a pressure chamber is additionally provided, which extends in the preferred embodiment of the invention substantially parallel to the flow channel and thereby also partially encloses the flow channel or the flow channel housing.
  • the pressure chamber finally opens into a radial or tangential outlet nozzle.
  • the pressure chamber is formed by the interior of a pot-shaped housing, which has an additional central bore for the passage of a drive shaft for the impeller.
  • the outer diameter of the pressure chamber housing is preferably the same as the outer diameter of the flow channel housing, but the latter has on its outer side a stepped taper, the outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the pressure chamber housing, so that it can be placed from the outside onto the flow channel housing and thereby the mentioned stepped Rejuvenation absorbs. On the outside then close the flow channel housing with its extended section and the Pressure chamber housing flush with each other.
  • the drive shaft expediently extends through a central bore of the pressure chamber housing and also the flow channel housing and is sealed in this area by a sliding seal.
  • the shaft is also still stored in the region of the suction cover in a sliding bearing.
  • the plain bearing can also be formed integrally with the impeller, wherein the impeller is connected non-positively not only in the circumferential direction with the shaft, but is also fixed in the axial direction on the shaft.
  • the self-priming centrifugal pump is preceded by an additional non-self-priming centrifugal pump stage.
  • This centrifugal pump stage has expediently the same outer diameter and also a step-like taper, as previously described for the flow channel housing, wherein the suction cover of the self-priming pump is pot-shaped and, as previously described between pressure chamber housing and flow channel housing, the tapered portion of the housing the upstream non-self-priming centrifugal pump comprises.
  • the upstream, not self-priming centrifugal pump increases the pumping power of the entire system and also contributes to the fact that cavitation effects could be better avoided because the pressure differences occurring in the self-priming pump are thereby reduced.
  • the material for the pump according to the invention in particular for suction cover, flow channel housing and optionally also for the impeller, a stainless steel, e.g. Chrome-molybdenum-nickel steel can be used, which forges well and process.
  • a stainless steel e.g. Chrome-molybdenum-nickel steel
  • plastic materials or a plastic coating can also be used for the impeller itself.
  • the impeller or its coating may also be integrally formed with the arranged in a central bore of the suction cover slide bearing.
  • the generally designated 20 in Figure 1 self-priming pump consists essentially of the suction cover 2, the impeller 5, the flow channel housing 6 and the drive shaft 10 for the impeller 5.
  • the pump is completed by a housing cover 12 having a central intake manifold 1 , and a pressure chamber housing 8, which has a tangential discharge nozzle or outlet 16.
  • the pressure housing 8, the flow channel housing 6 and the suction cover 2 have a cylindrical circumference with substantially the same outer diameter, wherein the suction cover 2 and the flow channel housing 6 have a stepped taper whose outer diameter corresponds to the inner diameter of the next following part, so that the flow channel housing 6 suitable can be inserted into the pressure housing 8, while the suction cover can be accommodated with its tapered portion in the axially projecting edge portion of the flow channel housing 6.
  • the suction cover 2 has a cylindrical circumferential rim, which in turn receives the tapered cylindrical portion of a housing cover 12.
  • the housing cover 12 finally has a laterally projecting flange with mounting holes through which mounting bolts 18 extend, which are the four essential and assembled into an approximately cylindrical unit parts, namely the housing cover 12, the suction cover 2, the flow channel housing 6 and the pressure housing 8 to press the bracket 17 of a corresponding engine block, which is not shown here and through which the shaft 10 is driven to rotate.
  • the individual blades 25 of the impeller 5 are in the axial view shown in Figure 1 substantially rectangular, plate-shaped parts, however, beveled to their edges or “sharpened", which by the prismatic edge surfaces of the blades in the upper region of the impeller in Figure 1 is indicated.
  • the suction cover 2 has in its lower part in Figure 1 on a suction port 3 and is otherwise completely closed, that is, it covers the impeller 5 except the region of the suction port 3.
  • the suction cover 2 rests on a flat peripheral surface of the flow channel housing 6 and is sealed by a seal 14 against the flow channel housing 6.
  • the flow channel housing has approximately the shape of a torus, parts of which are cut away, so that the impeller 5 can rotate freely inside the torus about the axis and The impeller blades 25 thereby cover about half of the free Torusqueritess.
  • the cross-sectional area of the flow channel housing 6 which is not acted upon by the impeller blades 25 is referred to as the flow channel 7.
  • This flow channel 7 extends axially offset parallel to the acted upon by the impeller blades 25 and swept, cylindrical volume, but is slightly widened compared to the area acted upon by the impeller blades in the radial direction. Due to the fluid dynamic conditions during operation of the pump, a more or less spiral vortex is formed during operation in the flow channel 7, which detects both the region of the chambers between the blades and the region of the flow channel 7 outside the impeller chambers. The radial extension of the flow channel 7 serves above all the unimpeded formation of this vortex. However, the flow channel 7 does not extend over the entire circumference of the flow channel housing 6, as best seen in FIG 4.
  • Figure 4 corresponds substantially to a plan view of Figure 1 from the left, however, the housing cover 12 with the intake manifold 1 and the suction cover 2 are omitted. Also, the shaft 10 with the impeller nut 11 is not shown in Figure 4. In the position shown in Figure 4, the suction port 3 of the suction cover would be located in a bottom right in the region of the intake port 7 indicated by a dashed circle position. As can be seen, there begins the flow channel 7 with the so-called intake 7 ', wherein the diameter of the suction port of the width of the flow channel 7 is adjusted (slightly larger than the dashed circle at 7'). The impeller 5 with the impeller blades 25 rotates in Figure 4 counterclockwise.
  • the fluid entering the suction region 7 'of the flow channel 7 through the suction port 3 is entrained by the impeller blades 25 and accelerated in the circumferential direction.
  • a permanent exchange of the medium takes place between the blades (in the blade chambers) and the flow channel 7 running parallel thereto, overall, however, the fluid or pumping medium is entrained in the circumferential direction counterclockwise and increasingly compressed.
  • the pressure-side outlet opening 26 is in the region of the maximum pressure in the flow channel 7. Behind it begins an increasingly tapering region of the flow channel, which is also referred to as the "worm appendage” 7 "by experts 7 "in the form of a gradual taper of the flow channel 7 behind the outlet opening 26 terminates immediately radially outside of a vent 19 in the housing 6 of the flow channel 7.
  • This vent hole 19 serves to escape from entrained during suction or otherwise during pumping in the pumping medium gases, which also may result from degassing of the pumping medium, if this contains corresponding dissolved gases.
  • the pressure region 7 "and the degassing opening 19 are arranged in the circumferential direction at a distance from the suction port 3 and the beginning of the flow channel 7, which corresponds approximately to the circumferentially measured width of two pumping chambers, wherein a pumping chamber as the enclosed between two impeller blades 25 volume 1, this means that a corresponding section laid through the interrupter region 22 would no longer show a flow channel 7 running parallel to the blade region.
  • the suction cover 2 runs close to these edges.Also, the radial extension of the flow duct 7 is reduced in the interrupter region 22 to a narrow gap S2 which is so small e is held possible without it may come to a contact of the blade edges with the flow channel housing 6 due to vibrations or tolerance deviations.
  • FIG. 1 An axial section through the breaker area at the transition of the flow channel housing 6 to the suction cover 2 is shown enlarged in FIG. This corresponds approximately to the area circled in Figure 1 above in the region of the seal 14 and denoted by II area.
  • the edges of the impeller blades 25 to the inner wall of the impeller cover have a very small distance S1, which is typically not more than 0.2 mm.
  • the outer edge of the impeller blade 25 has only a very small distance corresponding to the specified gap S2, which is slightly larger than the gap S1, but should not exceed 0.5 mm as far as possible. It should be noted that in the interrupter region 22, the gap between the blade edges and the radial wall shown above over the entire axial length of the impeller blades 25 would be reduced to the gap width S2, while in the section of Figure 1 shown in Figure 2 nor the radial extension of Flow channel is recognizable.
  • the seal 14 is received in corresponding recesses of the suction cover 2 and the adjacent wall of the flow channel housing 6, wherein these recesses are dimensioned in relation to the diameter of the cylindrical sealing ring cross-section so that the sealing ring 14th is squeezed by the dimension S3 when touching the facing wall portions of the suction cover 2 and the flow channel housing 6.
  • the inner wall of the suction cover 2 and a corresponding projecting corner of the flow channel housing 6 have a very small radius of curvature r which is significantly smaller than the radius of the sealing cross-section. In this way it is achieved that a narrow and deep gap is avoided between the sealing surface and the adjacent walls, but the walls of the respective components quickly bend away from the surface of the seal immediately outside the sealing contact.
  • seals 13, 15 or 23, which can be seen in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 1 An enlargement of the seal 15 according to the area indicated by a circle III in FIG. 1 is shown again in FIG.
  • the seal 15 seals off the transition from the flow channel housing 6 to the pressure chamber housing 8, which are otherwise identical in the embodiment according to FIG. 5 as in the embodiment according to FIG. It can be seen in Figure 3, the upper curved course of the outer wall of the flow channel housing 6 at the transition to the tapered region, which is enclosed by the cylindrical wall of the pressure chamber housing 8.
  • the wall of the pressure chamber housing 8 has in this area a recess for receiving the sealing ring 15, which, however, is dimensioned so that the sealing ring 15 clearly protrudes from this recess and so can enter into sealing contact with the curved corner region on the outside of the flow channel housing 6.
  • the seal 15, the recess in the wall of the pressure chamber housing 8 and the curvature of the wall of the flow channel housing 6 are formed so that the dashed lines projections or extensions of the corresponding wall sections fall into the sealing cross-section.
  • the impeller 5 is formed integrally with a cylindrical projection 24 and also the slide bearing 4 can be wholly or partially formed integrally with this cylindrical projection 24.
  • This plain bearing 4 allows a very precise bearing of the impeller 5 and the shaft 10, which is additionally sealed by a sliding seal 21 against the pressure chamber housing 8 and the flow channel housing 6.
  • FIG 5 shows another, preferred for some applications embodiment of the present invention, in which the self-priming pump 20 is also preceded by a non-self-priming centrifugal pump stage 30 of conventional design.
  • the transition from the pump of Figure 1 to the pump of Figure 5 is carried out simply by the fact that the cover 12 is released from the self-priming pump 20 and replaced by the centrifugal pump module 30. Then the cover 12 is placed unchanged on the centrifugal pump module 30 and connected with correspondingly longer clamping screws 18 to the engine block 17.
  • the drive of the impeller 35 of the superior centrifugal pump is carried out either by a corresponding connection with the cylindrical projection of the impeller 5 or by a correspondingly extended, replaced shaft 10 ', which extends through the impeller 5 and into the impeller 35 inside. All other components of the pump shown in Figure 1 can be used identically.
  • the seals 13 have the same arrangements and cross sections as the newly added seals 13 '.
  • the upstream normal and non-self-priming centrifugal pump 30 has the effect that the pump power is increased overall and the pressure drop in the self-priming pump 20 is less pronounced, so that in such a construction cavitations, as they may occur in some pumping media easier avoid it.
  • the suction initially takes place essentially only by the self-priming pump 20, which sucks the medium to be pumped through the upstream centrifugal pump 30.

Abstract

The pump has all the parts of the pump coming into contact with the material being pumped made of a material which meets the appropriate requirements for sterility, or coated with such a material The induction cover (2) and the flow channel housing (6), like all the other static components open to the functional cavities, are sealed off from each other.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine selbstansaugende Kreiselpumpe mit einem Saugdeckel mit Ansaugöffnung, einem Laufrad, einem das Laufrad aufnehmenden Strömungskanalgehäuse, einer druckseitigen Öffnung im Strömungskanalgehäuse und einem Unterbrecherbereich im Umfangsbereich zwischen der druckseitigen Öffnung und der Ansaugöffnung.The present invention relates to a self-priming centrifugal pump having a suction cover with suction port, an impeller, a flow channel housing receiving the impeller, a pressure-side opening in the flow channel housing and a breaker area in the peripheral region between the pressure-side opening and the suction port.

US 3551067 zeigt eine saugende Spiralgehäusepumpe in Gußausführung mit einer PTFE Auskleidung der Pumpenteile, die mit dem zu fördernen Medium in Kontakt treten. US 3551067 shows a suction cast-iron volute casing pump with a PTFE lining of the pump parts which contact the medium to be conveyed.

Kreiselpumpen sind im Stand der Technik seit langem bekannt, so z.B. aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift Nr. 44 00 289 . Kreiselpumpen haben in der Regel einen Saugdeckel, ein Laufrad und ein das Laufrad aufnehmendes Strömungskanalgehäuse. Des weiteren sind eine Ansaugöffnung und eine druckseitige Austrittsöffnung vorgesehen. Eine selbstansaugende Kreiselpumpe hat demgegenüber die Besonderheit, daß die eigentliche Ansaugöffnung nicht zentral am Saugdeckel vorgesehen ist und daß in Umfangsrichtung versetzt hierzu und im Regelfall auf der dem Saugdeckel gegenüberliegenden Seite eine Austrittsöffnung vorgesehen ist, wobei Ansaugöffnung und druckseitige Austrittsöffnung effektiv durch einen sogenannten Unterbrecherbereich voneinander getrennt werden. In diesem Unterbrecherbereich wird der Abstand zwischen den Kanten der Laufradschaufeln und den die Laufradschaufeln umgebenden Wänden des Pumpraumes bzw. Strömungskanals so weit wie möglich verringert, so daß, abgesehen von den notwendigerweise verbleibenden Spalten keine direkte Verbindung zwischen Ansaugöffnung und Druckaustrittsöffnung besteht. Auf diese Weise kann ein relativ großer Druckunterschied zwischen Ansaugöffnung und Druckaustrittsöffnung erzeugt und aufrechterhalten werden, der auch beim Ansaugen von Gas bzw. Luft mehreren Metern Wassersäule entspricht und so der Pumpe die Eigenschaft des "Selbstansaugens" verleiht. Damit Ansaugöffnung und Druckaustrittsöffnung immer voneinander getrennt bleiben, ohne daß über größere Querschnitte hinweg ein Druckausgleich stattfinden kann, muß der Unterbrecherbereich in Umfangsrichtung eine Länge von mindestens zwei Schaufelradkammern haben, wobei als Schaufelradkammer das Volumen zwischen zwei benachbarten Schaufelrädern bezeichnet wird. Wenn sich dann beim Bewegen über den Unterbrechungsbereich hinweg eine Schaufelradkammer zu dem ansaugseitigen Abschnitt des Strömungskanals öffnet, befindet sich, von der Druckseite her kommend, bereits die nächstfolgende Schaufelradkammer vollständig im Unterbrecherbereich und ist damit abgeschlossen.Centrifugal pumps have long been known in the art, such as from the German Offenlegungsschrift No. 44 00 289 , Centrifugal pumps usually have a suction cover, an impeller and a flow channel housing receiving the impeller. Furthermore, a suction opening and a pressure-side outlet opening are provided. A self-priming centrifugal pump has the special feature that the actual intake is not centrally provided on the suction cover and that circumferentially offset thereto and usually on the opposite side of the suction cover, an outlet opening is provided, wherein suction and pressure-side outlet effectively separated by a so-called breaker area become. In this interrupter region, the distance between the edges of the impeller vanes and the walls surrounding the impeller vanes of the pumping space or flow channel is reduced as much as possible, so that apart from the necessarily remaining gaps, there is no direct connection between the suction opening and the pressure outlet opening. In this way, a relatively large pressure difference between the suction port and the pressure outlet opening can be generated and maintained, which also corresponds to the suction of gas or air several meters of water and thus gives the pump the property of "Selbstansaugens". In order that the suction opening and the pressure outlet opening always remain separated from each other without pressure equalization being able to take place over larger cross sections, the breaker area in the circumferential direction must have a length of at least two bucket wheel chambers, the bucket wheel chamber being the volume between two adjacent bucket wheels. If, then, when moving over the interruption area, a bucket wheel chamber opens to the suction-side section of the flow channel, the next following bucket wheel chamber, coming from the pressure side, is already completely in the interrupter area and thus terminated.

Die konstruktiven Unterschiede einer selbstansaugenden Kreiselpumpe gegenüber einer normal ansaugenden Kreiselpumpe bringen es mit sich, daß für selbstansaugende Pumpen die Sterilitätsbedingungen nur sehr schwer zu erfüllen sind. Insbesondere müssen die Einzelteile einer selbstansaugenden Pumpe wegen des notwendigen Unterbrecherbereiches noch präziser hergestellt und montiert werden als bei normal ansaugenden Kreiselpumpen und vor allem dürfen auch bei der Rotation des Laufrades keine größeren dynamischen Abweichungen auftreten. Die einzelnen Teile, aus welchen eine entsprechende Pumpe zusammengesetzt ist, müssen außerdem gut gegeneinander abgedichtet werden. Konstruktionsbedingt führen diese Anforderungen an eine genaue und abgedichtete Montage aller Bauteile in der Regel dazu, daß in dem vom Pumpmedium beaufschlagten Bereich mehr oder weniger große Toträume verbleiben, in die das Pumpmedium zwar eindringen kann, aus denen es jedoch nur sehr schlecht wieder zu entfernen ist. Dies bedeutet konkret, daß derartige Pumpen für sogenannte Sterilanwendungen, das heißt für Anwendungen im Lebensmittelbereich oder auch im medizinischen/pharmazeutischen Bereich nicht geeignet sind. Hinzu kommt noch, daß auch die Materialien, die eine hinreichend genaue Fertigung und Lagerung erlauben, sehr oft eine zu große Oberflächenrauhigkeit und/oder Porosität aufweisen und aus diesem Grunde ebenfalls für Sterilanwendungen nicht geeignet sind.The constructive differences between a self-priming centrifugal pump and a normally aspirated centrifugal pump mean that sterility conditions are very difficult to meet for self-priming pumps. In particular, the items of a self-priming pump because of the necessary interruption range must be made even more precise and mounted as normally aspirated centrifugal pumps and, above all, no major dynamic deviations may occur during rotation of the impeller. The individual parts, from which a corresponding pump is composed, must also be well sealed against each other. Due to the design, these requirements for accurate and sealed assembly of all components generally result in more or less large dead spaces remaining in the area acted upon by the pumping medium, into which the pumping medium can penetrate, from which it is very difficult to remove again , In concrete terms, this means that such pumps are not suitable for so-called sterile applications, that is to say for applications in the foodstuffs sector or even in the medical / pharmaceutical sector. In addition, even the materials that allow a sufficiently accurate production and storage, very often have too high surface roughness and / or porosity and are therefore also not suitable for sterile applications.

Es besteht daher ein Bedarf an selbstansaugenden Pumpen, die auch für Sterilanwendungen geeignet sind. Angesichts dieses Standes der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine selbstansaugende Kreiselpumpe mit den eingangs genannten Merkmalen zu schaffen, welche bei einem möglichst einfachen Aufbau auch für Sterilanwendungen geeignet ist.There is therefore a need for self-priming pumps that are also suitable for sterile applications. In view of this prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a self-priming centrifugal pump with the features mentioned, which is also suitable for sterile applications with a simple construction possible.

Hinsichtlich der Pumpe mit den eingangs genannten Merkmalen wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß Saugdeckel, Laufrad und Strömungskanalgehäuse aus einem den Anforderungen an Sterilität genügenden Material gefertigt und/oder mit einem solchen Material beschichtet sind, und daß Saugdeckel und Strömungskanalgehäuse sowie alle weiteren vom Pumpmedium beaufschlagten statischen Bauelemente der Pumpe mit zu den Funktionsräumen offen liegenden und vom Pumpmedium gut beaufschlagten Dichtungen gegeneinander abgedichtet sind.With regard to the pump with the features mentioned above, this object is achieved in that suction cover, impeller and flow channel housing made of a sterility requirements sufficient material and / or coated with such a material, and that suction cover and flow channel housing and all other acted upon by the pumping medium static components of the pump are sealed to the functional spaces exposed and well acted upon by the pumping medium seals against each other.

Dabei ist die Herstellung der vom Pumpmedium beaufschlagten Bauteile aus einem den Sterilitätsanforderungen genügenden Material oder zumindest die Beschichtung der Bauteile mit einem solchen Material eine notwendige Bedingungen, ohne deren Erfüllung die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe nicht zu lösen wäre. Das Erfüllen dieser Forderung bringt allerdings neue Schwierigkeiten mit sich, weil nämlich zumindest einige dieser für Sterilanwendungen geeigneten Materialien Eigenschaften haben, die sie für die Verwendung bei einer selbstansaugenden Pumpe als weniger geeignet erscheinen lassen. Während z.B. herkömmliche, nicht sterile selbstansaugende Pumpen ein Laufrad aus Bronze und einen Saugdeckel und/oder ein Strömungskanalgehäuse aus Gußmaterial haben, die bei Berührung gut aufeinander gleiten, so daß man dazwischen im Unterbrechungsbereich eine relativ enge Spaltweite einstellen kann, ohne daß im Fall einer Berührung der Laufradkanten mit dem Saugdeckel oder dem Strömungskanalgehäuse aufgrund von Berührungen nennenswerte Schäden auftreten können, neigen die Edelstahlmaterialien, die für Sterilanwendungen auf den ersten Blick als besonders geeignet erscheinen, relativ leicht zu Kaltverschweißung im Falle einer Berührung oder eines Reibens der Schaufelradkanten an den Innenseiten der entsprechenden Gehäuseteile. Dies schränkt entweder die Auswahl der verfügbaren Materialien ein oder führt zu Kompromissen hinsichtlich der Einstellung einer engen Spaltbreite im Unterbrecherbereich, um Beschädigungen oder frühzeitigen Verschleiß zu vermeiden. Dies wiederum hat allerdings eine Verminderung der Leistungsfähigkeit der Pumpe zur Folge, insbesondere eine Reduzierung der möglichen Ansaughöhe.In this case, the production of the components acted upon by the pumping medium from a material satisfying the requirements of sterility or at least the coating of the components with such a material is a necessary conditions, without the fulfillment of which the object underlying the invention would not be solved. However, meeting this requirement poses new difficulties, because at least some of these materials suitable for sterile applications have properties that make them less suitable for use with a self-priming pump. While e.g. Conventional, non-sterile self-priming pumps have a bronze impeller and a suction cover and / or a flow channel housing made of cast material, which slide well on each other in contact so that you can adjust a relatively narrow gap between them in the interruption area, without in case of contact with the impeller edges With the suction cover or the flow channel housing significant damage may occur due to contact, the stainless steel materials that appear to be particularly suitable for sterile applications at first sight tend relatively easily to cold welding in the event of contact or rubbing of the Schaufelradkanten on the inner sides of the corresponding housing parts. This either limits the choice of available materials or compromises in setting a narrow gap width in the breaker area to avoid damage or premature wear. However, this in turn has a reduction in the performance of the pump result, in particular a reduction of the possible suction height.

Neben der Verwendung des geeigneten Materials werden die konstruktiven Schwierigkeiten, denen man sich bei der Realisierung selbstansaugender Pumpen für Sterilanwendungen ausgesetzt sieht, vor allem durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der notwendigen Dichtungen überwunden. Statt die Dichtungen weitgehend geschützt von dem Pumpmedium in Toträumen oder versteckten Aussparungen unterzubringen, werden die Dichtungen im Falle der vorliegenden Erfindung dem Pumpmedium bewußt ausgesetzt. Die Dichtungen werden vorzugsweise so angeordnet, daß das die Dichtungen beaufschlagende Pumpmedium keine Engstellen passieren muß, deren Querschnitt wesentlich (um einen Faktor 2 oder mehr) geringer wäre als die zu beaufschlagenden Flächen der Dichtung selbst. Dabei können die Dichtungen z.B. ganz oder teilweise so angeordnet werden, daß die Verlängerung der Wandkontur der gegeneinander abgedichteten Flächen in der Pumpe in den Querschnitt der Dichtung fällt. Mit anderen Worten, die Dichtungen wölben sich zumindest etwas in den glatt (d. h. im wesentlichen gerade und konkav ohne vermeidbare Krümmungen) ergänzten Bereich der inneren Oberfläche der Gehäuseteile vor. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können die Pumpenbauteile im Bereich der Dichtungen so ausgestaltet werden, daß die inneren Bauteilflächen, die an die mit den Dichtungen in Kontakt tretenden Flächen angrenzen, sich unter einem relativ kleinen Krümmungsradius, typischerweise in der Größenordnung von 5 mm oder kleiner, von der Oberfläche der Dichtung weg krümmen oder aber unter einem Winkel, der größer als 30° ist, von der Oberfläche bzw. einer Tangente an die Oberfläche der Dichtung weg erstrecken.In addition to the use of the appropriate material, the design difficulties that are encountered in the realization of self-priming pumps for sterile applications, overcome mainly by the inventive arrangement of the necessary seals. Instead of placing the seals largely protected by the pumping medium in dead spaces or hidden recesses, the seals in the case of the present invention are deliberately exposed to the pumping medium. The seals are preferably arranged so that the pumping medium acting on the seals must not pass through bottlenecks, the cross-section of which would be significantly smaller (by a factor of 2 or more) than the surfaces of the seal itself to be acted upon. The seals may be arranged, for example, in whole or in part be that the extension of the wall contour of the mutually sealed surfaces in the pump falls in the cross section of the seal. In other words, the seals bulge at least slightly in the smooth (ie substantially straight and concave without avoidable curvatures) complemented area of the inner surface of the housing parts before. Alternatively or additionally, the pump components in the area of the seals can be designed so that the inner component surfaces, which adjoin the surfaces in contact with the seals, are of a relatively small radius of curvature, typically of the order of 5 mm or smaller, of the Curve away the surface of the seal or at an angle greater than 30 °, from the surface or a tangent to the surface of the seal away.

In einigen Anwendungsfällen kann es jedoch zweckmäßig sein, die Kontur der Dichtung nicht in die verlängert gedachte Kontur der Innenwände der Pumpe bzw. der mit dem Pumpmedium beaufschlagten Innenräume der Pumpe überlappen zu lassen, so dass sich die Dichtung also nicht in den Innenraum der Pumpe vorwölbt. Dies gilt insbesondere in dem Pumpenbereich, wo ein sehr enger Abstand zwischen Kanten und/oder Ecken der Laufradschaufeln und den die Laufradschaufeln umgebenden Flächen einzuhalten ist. Soweit in diesem Bereich auch Dichtungen anzuordnen sind, ist es zweckmäßig, diese von der inneren Oberfläche etwas weg zu versetzen, weil aufgrund der elastischen Verformbarkeit der Dichtungen enge Toleranzen zwischen der Oberfläche der Dichtung und beispielsweise den Laufradkanten nicht einzuhalten sind. Falls die Dichtungen daher in einem solchen etwas zurückversetzten Dichtungsraum aufgenommen sind, ist jedoch erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß dann die Breite bzw. kleinste Dimension der Öffnung zwischen Dichtung und dem übrigen mit Pumpmedium beaufschlagten Raum mindestens 0,5 mm beträgt. Außerdem sollte das Aspektverhältnis einer entsprechenden Öffnung, defimiert als das Verhältnis von Tiefe zu Breite der Zugangsöffnung bzw. eines Zugangskanals zu der Dichtung, höchstens 2 und vorzugsweise weniger als 1 betragen. Wesentlich ist auf jeden Fall, daß weder vor den Dichtungen noch am Übergang zwischen Dichtungen und den angrenzenden Flächen schmale und tiefe Spalte oder gar deutliche Hinterschneidungen entstehen, die nur schlecht von dem Pumpmedium und/oder einem Reinigungsmittel durchspült werden können. Die dichtenden Wandabschnitte der Pumpenbauteile sollten daher mit einem möglichst großen Winkel nicht unter 30° an die Dichtungsoberfläche anstoßen. Wenn ein kleinerer Übergangswinkel unvermeidlich ist, sollte der betreffende Wandabschnitt sich zumindest mit einem relativ kleinen Krümmungsradius unter 5 mm von der Oberfläche der Dichtung weg krümmen, damit der gegebenenfalls noch verbleibende, keilförmige Spalt zwischen Dichtung und angrenzendem Wandabschnitt nur eine sehr geringe Tiefe hat und damit leicht ausgespült werden kann.In some applications, however, it may be appropriate not to let overlap the contour of the seal in the extended imaginary contour of the inner walls of the pump or acted upon by the pumping medium interior of the pump, so that the seal does not bulge into the interior of the pump , This is especially true in the pumping area, where a very close spacing between edges and / or corners of the impeller blades and the surfaces surrounding the impeller blades is to be maintained. As far as seals are to be arranged in this area, it is expedient to put them away from the inner surface, because due to the elastic deformability of the seals tight tolerances between the surface of the seal and, for example, the impeller edges are not complied with. If the seals are therefore accommodated in such a slightly recessed seal space, however, the invention provides that then the width or smallest dimension of the opening between the seal and the other space acted upon with pumping medium is at least 0.5 mm. In addition, the aspect ratio of a corresponding opening, defined as the depth to width ratio of the access opening or access channel to the seal, should be at most 2, and preferably less than 1. It is essential in any case that neither before the seals or at the transition between seals and the adjacent surfaces narrow and deep gaps or even clear undercuts arise that can only be rinsed poorly by the pumping medium and / or a detergent. The sealing wall sections of the pump components should therefore not hit with less than 30 ° to the sealing surface with the largest possible angle. If a smaller transition angle is unavoidable, the wall portion should curve away from the surface of the gasket, at least with a relatively small radius of curvature of less than 5 mm, so that any remaining wedge-shaped gap between gasket and adjoining wall portion has only a very small depth and thus can be easily rinsed out.

Die Dichtungen haben zweckmäßigerweise einen Querschnitt von mindestens 4 bis 8 mm2.The seals have expediently a cross section of at least 4 to 8 mm 2 .

Im Unterbrecherbereich sollte die Spaltbreite zwischen den Kanten der einzelnen Schaufeln des Laufrades und den angrenzenden Wänden, nämlich dem Saugdeckel und der gegenüberliegenden Wand des Strömungskanalgehäuses und auch des entsprechenden Gehäuseabschnittes, der entlang des Umfanges des Laufrades verläuft, weniger als 0,5 mm betragen, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,3 mm. Gegenüber dem Saugdeckel können konstant 0,2 mm Spaltbreite oder weniger eingehalten werden und im Unterbrecherbereich kann dieser kleine Spaltabstand auch gegenüber der dem Saugdeckel gegenüberliegenden Wand des Strömungskanalgehäuses eingehalten werden. Eine Dichtung befindet sich vorzugsweise im Eckbereich zwischen Saugdeckel und dem dort ansetzenden Rand des Strömungskanalgehäuses und ist nach hinten weg von der entsprechenden Ecke der Laufradschaufeln um etwa 0,5 mm versetzt angeordnet. Das heißt die Dichtungsoberfläche springt gegenüber einem gedachten (geraden oder konkaven) Übergang in der Ecke zwischen Saugdeckel und Strömungskanalgehäuse um etwa 0,2 bis 0,3 mm zurück.In the interrupter region, the gap width should be between the edges of the individual blades of the impeller and the adjacent walls, namely the suction cover and the opposite wall of the flow channel housing and also the corresponding housing portion along the circumference of the impeller is less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.3 mm. With respect to the suction cover, a constant 0.2 mm gap width or less can be maintained, and in the interrupter region, this small gap distance can also be maintained with respect to the wall of the flow channel housing opposite the suction cover. A seal is preferably located in the corner region between the suction cover and the edge of the flow channel housing which adjoins it and is arranged offset backwards away from the corresponding corner of the impeller blades by approximately 0.5 mm. That is, the sealing surface jumps back from an imaginary (straight or concave) transition in the corner between the suction cover and the flow channel housing by about 0.2 to 0.3 mm.

Abgesehen von dem Unterbrecherbereich ist der Strömungskanal vorzugsweise in radialer Richtung erweitert, das heißt er hat, mit Ausnahme des unmittelbar an den Saugdeckel angrenzenden und die Dichtung in diesem Bereich tragenden Abschnittes, einen deutlich größeren Durchmesser als das Laufrad. Wie bei selbstansaugenden Kreiselpumpen üblich, verläuft im übrigen der Strömungskanal parallel zu dem von den Laufradschaufeln beaufschlagten Raum, wobei sich während eines Pumpvorganges ein torusförmiger Wirbel in dem Strömungskanal und dem unmittelbar angrenzenden, vom Laufrad beaufschlagten Pumpraum ausbildet. Dieser Torus beginnt im Bereich der Ansaugöffnung und endet an der druckseitigen Austrittsöffnung, ist also nicht vollständig, sondern durch den Unterbrecherbereich unterbrochen. Außerdem verjüngt sich der Strömungskanal in Richtung der druckseitigen Austrittsöffnung, wobei dieser verjüngte Abschnitt von Fachleuten auch als "Wurmfortsatz" bezeichnet wird. Radial innerhalb dieses Wurmfortsatzes ist in der Wand des Strömungskanalgehäuses eine Entgasungsbohrung vorgesehen für das Gas, welches möglicherweise zu Beginn eines Ansaugvorganges durch die Pumpe angesaugt wurde oder welches möglicherweise durch Entgasung aus dem Pumpmedium freigesetzt wird.Apart from the breaker area, the flow channel is preferably widened in the radial direction, that is, it has, with the exception of the directly adjacent to the suction cover and the seal in this area bearing portion, a significantly larger diameter than the impeller. As is customary in the case of self-priming centrifugal pumps, the flow channel also runs parallel to the space acted upon by the impeller blades, during which a toroidal vortex is formed in the flow channel and the directly adjoining pump chamber acted on by the impeller. This torus begins in the region of the suction opening and ends at the pressure-side outlet opening, is therefore not complete, but interrupted by the breaker area. In addition, the flow channel tapers in the direction of the pressure-side outlet opening, wherein this tapered section is also referred to by experts as "worm extension". Radially within this appendix a vent hole is provided in the wall of the flow channel housing for the gas, which was possibly sucked at the beginning of a suction by the pump or which is possibly released by degassing from the pumping medium.

Außerhalb des Strömungskanals ist zusätzlich noch ein Druckraum vorgesehen, der in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung im wesentlichen parallel zum Strömungskanal verläuft und dabei auch den Strömungskanal bzw. das Strömungskanalgehäuse teilweise umschließt. Der Druckraum mündet schließlich in einen radialen oder tangentialen Ausgangsstutzen.Outside the flow channel, a pressure chamber is additionally provided, which extends in the preferred embodiment of the invention substantially parallel to the flow channel and thereby also partially encloses the flow channel or the flow channel housing. The pressure chamber finally opens into a radial or tangential outlet nozzle.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Druckraum durch das Innere eines topfförmigen Gehäuses gebildet, welches eine zusätzliche zentrale Bohrung für den Durchtritt einer Antriebswelle für das Laufrad hat. Der Außendurchmesser des Druckraumgehäuses ist vorzugsweise derselbe wie der Außendurchmesser des Strömungskanalgehäuses, wobei jedoch letzteres auf seiner Außenseite eine stufenförmige Verjüngung aufweist, deren Außendurchmesser im wesentlichen dem Innendurchmesser des Druckraumgehäuses entspricht, so daß dieses von außen auf das Strömungskanalgehäuse aufgesetzt werden kann und dabei die erwähnte stufenförmige Verjüngung aufnimmt. Auf der Außenseite schließen dann das Strömungskanalgehäuse mit seinem erweiterten Abschnitt und das Druckraumgehäuse bündig miteinander ab. Die Antriebswelle verläuft zweckmäßigerweise durch eine zentrale Bohrung des Druckraumgehäuses und auch des Strömungskanalgehäuses und ist in diesem Bereich durch eine Gleitdichtung abgedichtet.Advantageously, the pressure chamber is formed by the interior of a pot-shaped housing, which has an additional central bore for the passage of a drive shaft for the impeller. The outer diameter of the pressure chamber housing is preferably the same as the outer diameter of the flow channel housing, but the latter has on its outer side a stepped taper, the outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the pressure chamber housing, so that it can be placed from the outside onto the flow channel housing and thereby the mentioned stepped Rejuvenation absorbs. On the outside then close the flow channel housing with its extended section and the Pressure chamber housing flush with each other. The drive shaft expediently extends through a central bore of the pressure chamber housing and also the flow channel housing and is sealed in this area by a sliding seal.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Welle außerdem noch im Bereich des Saugdeckels in einem Gleitlager gelagert. Das Gleitlager kann gegebenenfalls auch einstückig mit dem Laufrad ausgebildet sein, wobei das Laufrad nicht nur in Umfangsrichtung mit der Welle kraftschlüssig verbunden ist, sondern auch in axialer Richtung auf der Welle fixiert ist. In Verbindung mit der Lagerung der Welle bzw. des Laufrades auch im Bereich des Saugdeckels ist es möglich, das Laufrad so genau innerhalb des Pumpengehäuses, das heißt zwischen Saugdeckel und Saugkanalgehäuse und insbesondere im Unterbrecherbereich zu führen, daß die kleinen Spaltdichtungsabstände zwischen den Kanten des Laufrades und dem Saugdeckel bzw. dem Strömungskanalgehäuse von weniger als 0,2 mm einzuhalten sind.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the shaft is also still stored in the region of the suction cover in a sliding bearing. If appropriate, the plain bearing can also be formed integrally with the impeller, wherein the impeller is connected non-positively not only in the circumferential direction with the shaft, but is also fixed in the axial direction on the shaft. In connection with the storage of the shaft or the impeller also in the region of the suction cover, it is possible to run the impeller so accurately within the pump housing, that is between suction cover and Saugkanalgehäuse and in particular in the breaker area, that the small gap sealing distances between the edges of the impeller and the suction cover or the flow channel housing of less than 0.2 mm are to be observed.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der selbstansaugenden Kreiselpumpe noch eine zusätzlich nicht selbstansaugende Kreiselpumpenstufe vorgeschaltet. Diese Kreiselpumpenstufe hat zweckmäßigerweise denselben Außendurchmesser und ebenfalls eine stufenförmige Verjüngung, wie sie zuvor schon für das Strömungskanalgehäuse beschrieben wurde, wobei auch der Saugdeckel der selbstansaugenden Pumpe topfartig ausgebildet ist und, ähnlich wie dies zuvor zwischen Druckraumgehäuse und Strömungskanalgehäuse beschrieben wurde, den verjüngten Abschnitt des Gehäuses der vorgeschalteten nicht selbstansaugenden Kreiselpumpe umfaßt. Die vorgeschaltete, nicht selbstansaugende Kreiselpumpe erhöht zum einen die Pumpleistung des Gesamtsystems und trägt zum anderen auch dazu bei, daß Kavitationseffekte besser vermieden werden könnte, weil die in der selbstansaugenden Pumpe auftretenden Druckdifferenzen hierdurch verringert werden.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the self-priming centrifugal pump is preceded by an additional non-self-priming centrifugal pump stage. This centrifugal pump stage has expediently the same outer diameter and also a step-like taper, as previously described for the flow channel housing, wherein the suction cover of the self-priming pump is pot-shaped and, as previously described between pressure chamber housing and flow channel housing, the tapered portion of the housing the upstream non-self-priming centrifugal pump comprises. The upstream, not self-priming centrifugal pump increases the pumping power of the entire system and also contributes to the fact that cavitation effects could be better avoided because the pressure differences occurring in the self-priming pump are thereby reduced.

Als Material kann für die erfindungsgemäße Pumpe, insbesondere für Saugdeckel, Strömungskanalgehäuse und gegebenenfalls auch für das Laufrad ein Edelstahl, z.B. Chrom-Molybdän-Nickel-Stahl verwendet werden, der sich gut schmieden und verarbeiten läßt. Insbesondere für das Laufrad selbst können allerdings auch Kunststoffmaterialien oder eine Kunststoffbeschichtung zur Anwendung kommen. Im Falle einer Herstellung aus Kunststoff oder einer Beschichtung mit Kunststoff kann das Laufrad bzw. dessen Beschichtung auch einstückig mit dem in einer zentralen Bohrung des Saugdeckels angeordneten Gleitlager einstückig ausgebildet sein.As the material for the pump according to the invention, in particular for suction cover, flow channel housing and optionally also for the impeller, a stainless steel, e.g. Chrome-molybdenum-nickel steel can be used, which forges well and process. In particular, however, plastic materials or a plastic coating can also be used for the impeller itself. In the case of a production of plastic or a coating with plastic, the impeller or its coating may also be integrally formed with the arranged in a central bore of the suction cover slide bearing.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform und der dazugehörigen Figuren. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Pumpe in einem axialen Schnitt,
Figur 2
ein Detail aus Figur 1 im Bereich der Dichtung 14,
Figur 3
einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus Figur 1 im Bereich der Dichtung 15,
Figur 4
die Draufsicht auf ein offenes Strömungskanalgehäuse mit einem darin angeordneten Laufrad, entsprechend einer Ansicht auf Figur 1 von links ohne Saugdeckel und Pumpengehäusedeckel und
Figur 5
einen axialen Schnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform.
Further advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and the associated figures. Show it:
FIG. 1
a first embodiment of the pump according to the invention in an axial section,
FIG. 2
a detail of Figure 1 in the region of the seal 14,
FIG. 3
an enlarged detail of Figure 1 in the region of the seal 15,
FIG. 4
the top view of an open flow channel housing with an impeller disposed therein, corresponding to a view of Figure 1 from left without suction cover and pump housing cover and
FIG. 5
an axial section through a second embodiment.

Die in Figur 1 insgesamt mit 20 bezeichnete selbstansaugende Pumpe besteht im wesentlichen aus dem Saugdeckel 2, dem Laufrad 5, dem Strömungskanalgehäuse 6 und der Antriebswelle 10 für das Laufrad 5. Komplettiert wird die Pumpe noch durch einen Gehäusedeckel 12, der einen zentralen Ansaugstutzen 1 aufweist, und ein Druckraumgehäuse 8, welches einen tangentialen Druckstutzen oder Ausgangsstutzen 16 aufweist. Das Druckgehäuse 8, das Strömungskanalgehäuse 6 und der Saugdeckel 2 haben einen zylindrischen Umfang mit im wesentlichen demselben Außendurchmesser, wobei der Saugdeckel 2 und das Strömungskanalgehäuse 6 eine abgestufte Verjüngung aufweisen, deren Außendurchmesser jeweils dem Innendurchmesser des nächstfolgenden Teiles entspricht, so daß das Strömungskanalgehäuse 6 passend in das Druckgehäuse 8 eingesetzt werden kann, während der Saugdeckel mit seinem verjüngten Abschnitt in dem axial vorspringenden Randteil des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 aufgenommen werden kann. Auch der Saugdeckel 2 weist eine zylindrisch umlaufende Felge auf, die wiederum den verjüngten zylindrischen Abschnitt eines Gehäusedeckels 12 aufnimmt. Der Gehäusedeckel 12 weist schließlich noch einen seitlich überstehenden Flanschrand mit Befestigungsbohrungen auf, durch welche sich Befestigungsbolzen 18 erstrecken, die die vier wesentlichen und zu einer in etwa zylindrischen Einheit zusammengesteckten Teile, nämlich den Gehäusedeckel 12, den Saugdeckel 2, das Strömungskanalgehäuse 6 und das Druckgehäuse 8 an die Halterung 17 eines entsprechenden Motorblockes andrücken, der hier nicht dargestellt ist und durch welchen die Welle 10 drehend angetrieben wird.The generally designated 20 in Figure 1 self-priming pump consists essentially of the suction cover 2, the impeller 5, the flow channel housing 6 and the drive shaft 10 for the impeller 5. The pump is completed by a housing cover 12 having a central intake manifold 1 , and a pressure chamber housing 8, which has a tangential discharge nozzle or outlet 16. The pressure housing 8, the flow channel housing 6 and the suction cover 2 have a cylindrical circumference with substantially the same outer diameter, wherein the suction cover 2 and the flow channel housing 6 have a stepped taper whose outer diameter corresponds to the inner diameter of the next following part, so that the flow channel housing 6 suitable can be inserted into the pressure housing 8, while the suction cover can be accommodated with its tapered portion in the axially projecting edge portion of the flow channel housing 6. Also, the suction cover 2 has a cylindrical circumferential rim, which in turn receives the tapered cylindrical portion of a housing cover 12. The housing cover 12 finally has a laterally projecting flange with mounting holes through which mounting bolts 18 extend, which are the four essential and assembled into an approximately cylindrical unit parts, namely the housing cover 12, the suction cover 2, the flow channel housing 6 and the pressure housing 8 to press the bracket 17 of a corresponding engine block, which is not shown here and through which the shaft 10 is driven to rotate.

Die einzelnen Schaufeln 25 des Laufrades 5 sind in der in Figur 1 dargestellten axialen Ansicht im wesentlichen rechteckige, plattenförmige Teile, die allerdings zu ihren Rändern hin abgeschrägt bzw. "angeschärft" sind, was durch die prismatischen Randflächen der Schaufeln im oberen Bereich des Laufrades in Figur 1 angedeutet wird.The individual blades 25 of the impeller 5 are in the axial view shown in Figure 1 substantially rectangular, plate-shaped parts, however, beveled to their edges or "sharpened", which by the prismatic edge surfaces of the blades in the upper region of the impeller in Figure 1 is indicated.

Der Saugdeckel 2 weist in seinem in Figur 1 unteren Bereich eine Ansaugöffnung 3 auf und ist ansonsten vollständig geschlossen, das heißt er verdeckt das Laufrad 5 mit Ausnahme des Bereiches der Ansaugöffnung 3. Der Saugdeckel 2 liegt auf einer ebenen Umfangsfläche des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 auf und ist über eine Dichtung 14 gegen das Strömungskanalgehäuse 6 abgedichtet. Das Strömungskanalgehäuse hat näherungsweise die Form eines Torus, von dem Teile weggeschnitten sind, so daß das Laufrad 5 im Inneren des Torus um dessen Achse frei rotieren kann und die Laufradschaufeln 25 dabei etwa die Hälfte des freien Torusquerschnitts überstreichen. Vor allem der nicht von den Laufradschaufeln 25 beaufschlagte Querschnittsbereich des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 wird als Strömungskanal 7 bezeichnet. Dieser Strömungskanal 7 verläuft axial versetzt parallel zu dem von den Laufradschaufeln 25 beaufschlagten und überstrichenen, zylindrischen Volumen, ist aber gegenüber den von den Laufradschaufeln beaufschlagten Bereich auch in radialer Richtung etwas erweitert. Aufgrund der strömungsdynamischen Verhältnisse im Betrieb der Pumpe bildet sich im Betrieb im Strömungskanal 7 ein mehr oder weniger spiralförmiger Wirbel aus, der sowohl den Bereich der Kammern zwischen den Schaufeln als auch den Bereich des Strömungskanals 7 außerhalb der Laufradkammern erfaßt. Die radiale Erweiterung des Strömungskanals 7 dient vor allem auch der ungehinderten Ausbildung dieses Wirbels. Der Strömungskanal 7 erstreckt sich allerdings nicht über den gesamten Umfang des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6, wie man am besten anhand der Figur 4 erkennt.The suction cover 2 has in its lower part in Figure 1 on a suction port 3 and is otherwise completely closed, that is, it covers the impeller 5 except the region of the suction port 3. The suction cover 2 rests on a flat peripheral surface of the flow channel housing 6 and is sealed by a seal 14 against the flow channel housing 6. The flow channel housing has approximately the shape of a torus, parts of which are cut away, so that the impeller 5 can rotate freely inside the torus about the axis and The impeller blades 25 thereby cover about half of the free Torusquerschnitts. Above all, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel housing 6 which is not acted upon by the impeller blades 25 is referred to as the flow channel 7. This flow channel 7 extends axially offset parallel to the acted upon by the impeller blades 25 and swept, cylindrical volume, but is slightly widened compared to the area acted upon by the impeller blades in the radial direction. Due to the fluid dynamic conditions during operation of the pump, a more or less spiral vortex is formed during operation in the flow channel 7, which detects both the region of the chambers between the blades and the region of the flow channel 7 outside the impeller chambers. The radial extension of the flow channel 7 serves above all the unimpeded formation of this vortex. However, the flow channel 7 does not extend over the entire circumference of the flow channel housing 6, as best seen in FIG 4.

Figur 4 entspricht im wesentlichen einer Draufsicht auf Figur 1 von links, wobei allerdings der Gehäusedeckel 12 mit dem Ansaugstutzen 1 und auch der Saugdeckel 2 fortgelassen sind. Auch die Welle 10 mit der Laufradmutter 11 ist in Figur 4 nicht dargestellt. In der in Figur 4 dargestellten Position würde sich die Ansaugöffnung 3 des Saugdeckels in einer unten rechts im Bereich des Ansaugkanals 7 durch einen gestrichelten Kreis angedeuteten Position befinden. Wie man erkennen kann, beginnt dort der Strömungskanal 7 mit dem sogenannten Ansaugbereich 7', wobei der Durchmesser der Ansaugöffnung der Breite des Strömungskanals 7 angepasst ist (etwas größer als der gestrichelte Kreis bei 7'). Das Laufrad 5 mit den Laufradschaufeln 25 dreht sich in Figur 4 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn. Das durch die Ansaugöffnung 3 in den Ansaugbereich 7' des Strömungskanals 7 eintretende Fluid wird durch die Laufradschaufeln 25 mitgenommen und in Umfangsrichtung beschleunigt. Dabei findet zwar entsprechend dem bereits beschriebenen Wirbel ein permanenter Austausch des Mediums zwischen den Schaufeln (in den Schaufelkammern) und dem parallel hierzu verlaufenden Strömungskanal 7 statt, insgesamt wird jedoch das Fluid bzw. Pumpmedium in Umfangsrichtung entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn mitgenommen und zunehmend verdichtet.Figure 4 corresponds substantially to a plan view of Figure 1 from the left, however, the housing cover 12 with the intake manifold 1 and the suction cover 2 are omitted. Also, the shaft 10 with the impeller nut 11 is not shown in Figure 4. In the position shown in Figure 4, the suction port 3 of the suction cover would be located in a bottom right in the region of the intake port 7 indicated by a dashed circle position. As can be seen, there begins the flow channel 7 with the so-called intake 7 ', wherein the diameter of the suction port of the width of the flow channel 7 is adjusted (slightly larger than the dashed circle at 7'). The impeller 5 with the impeller blades 25 rotates in Figure 4 counterclockwise. The fluid entering the suction region 7 'of the flow channel 7 through the suction port 3 is entrained by the impeller blades 25 and accelerated in the circumferential direction. Although, according to the vortex already described, a permanent exchange of the medium takes place between the blades (in the blade chambers) and the flow channel 7 running parallel thereto, overall, however, the fluid or pumping medium is entrained in the circumferential direction counterclockwise and increasingly compressed.

Etwa um 270° gegenüber dem Ansaugbereich 7' versetzt liegt die druckseitige Austrittsöffnung 26 im Bereich des maximalen Druckes im Strömungskanal 7. Dahinter beginnt ein sich zunehmend verjüngender Bereich des Strömungskanals, der unter Fachleuten auch als der "Wurmfortsatz" 7" bezeichnet wird. Dieser Wurmfortsatz 7" in Form einer allmählichen Verjüngung des Strömungskanals 7 hinter der Austrittsöffnung 26 endet unmittelbar radial außerhalb einer Entgasungsöffnung 19 im Gehäuse 6 des Strömungskanals 7. Diese Entgasungsbohrung 19 dient dem Austritt von beim Ansaugvorgang oder auch sonst während des Pumpens im Pumpmedium mitgerissenen Gasen, die auch durch Entgasungsvorgänge des Pumpmediums entstehen können, wenn dieses entsprechende gelöste Gase enthält. Aufgrund der höheren Dichte von Flüssigkeiten, die in der Regel mit solchen Pumpen gefördert werden, konzentriert sich die Flüssigkeit eher im radial äußeren Bereich, während Gase sich im radial inneren Bereich des Laufrades ansammeln, so daß demzufolge auch die Entgasungsöffnung 19 am radial inneren Ansatzbereich der einzelnen Schaufeln 25 zu finden ist. Im stationären Betrieb, wenn ausschließlich Flüssigkeit gepumpt bilden der Wurmfortsatz mit der Entgasungsöffnung 19 einen Bypass zur druckseitigen Austrittsöffnung 26, durch den ebenfalls ein Teil des Pumpmediums aus dem Strömungskanal 7 der Pumpe 20 in den Druckraum 9 überführt wird.Approximately offset by 270 ° with respect to the suction region 7 ', the pressure-side outlet opening 26 is in the region of the maximum pressure in the flow channel 7. Behind it begins an increasingly tapering region of the flow channel, which is also referred to as the "worm appendage" 7 "by experts 7 "in the form of a gradual taper of the flow channel 7 behind the outlet opening 26 terminates immediately radially outside of a vent 19 in the housing 6 of the flow channel 7. This vent hole 19 serves to escape from entrained during suction or otherwise during pumping in the pumping medium gases, which also may result from degassing of the pumping medium, if this contains corresponding dissolved gases. Due to the higher density of liquids that are typically delivered with such pumps, the liquid tends to concentrate in the radially outer region, while gases accumulate in the radially inner region of the impeller, so that accordingly the degassing opening 19 can be found at the radially inner region of the individual blades 25. In stationary operation, when pumped exclusively liquid form the vermilion with the vent 19 a bypass to the pressure-side outlet opening 26 through which also a part of the pumping medium from the flow channel 7 of the pump 20 is transferred into the pressure chamber 9.

Der Druckbereich 7" sowie die Entgasungsöffnung 19 sind in Umfangsrichtung in einem Abstand zu der Ansaugöffnung 3 bzw. dem Beginn des Strömungskanals 7 angeordnet, der in etwa der in Umfangsrichtung gemessenen Breite zweier Pumpkammern entspricht, wobei eine Pumpkammer als das zwischen zwei Laufradschaufeln 25 eingeschlossene Volumen definiert wird. Bezogen auf die axiale Querschnittsdarstellung in Figur 1 bedeutet dies, daß ein entsprechender, durch den Unterbrecherbereich 22 gelegter Schnitt keinen parallel zu dem Schaufelbereich verlaufenden Strömungskanal 7 mehr zeigen würde. Vielmehr liegt im Unterbrecherbereich 22 die Wand des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 eng an dem Laufrad bzw. den Kanten der Laufradschaufeln 25 an, ebenso wie auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Laufradschaufeln der Saugdeckel 2 dicht an diesen Kanten entlangläuft. Auch die radiale Erweiterung des Strömungskanales 7 ist in dem Unterbrecherbereich 22 auf einen schmalen Spalt S2 reduziert, der so klein wie möglich gehalten wird, ohne daß es aufgrund von Vibrationen oder Toleranzabweichungen zu einer Berührung der Schaufelkanten mit dem Strömungskanalgehäuse 6 kommen kann.The pressure region 7 "and the degassing opening 19 are arranged in the circumferential direction at a distance from the suction port 3 and the beginning of the flow channel 7, which corresponds approximately to the circumferentially measured width of two pumping chambers, wherein a pumping chamber as the enclosed between two impeller blades 25 volume 1, this means that a corresponding section laid through the interrupter region 22 would no longer show a flow channel 7 running parallel to the blade region. Rather, in the interrupter region 22, the wall of the flow channel casing 6 lies closely against the impeller or the edges of the impeller vanes 25, as well as on the opposite side of the impeller vanes, the suction cover 2 runs close to these edges.Also, the radial extension of the flow duct 7 is reduced in the interrupter region 22 to a narrow gap S2 which is so small e is held possible without it may come to a contact of the blade edges with the flow channel housing 6 due to vibrations or tolerance deviations.

Ein axialer Schnitt durch den Unterbrecherbereich am Übergang des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 zum Saugdeckel 2 ist in Figur 2 vergrößert dargestellt. Dies entspricht in etwa dem in Figur 1 oben im Bereich der Dichtung 14 eingekreisten und mit II bezeichneten Bereich.An axial section through the breaker area at the transition of the flow channel housing 6 to the suction cover 2 is shown enlarged in FIG. This corresponds approximately to the area circled in Figure 1 above in the region of the seal 14 and denoted by II area.

Wie man in Figur 2 erkennt, haben die Kanten der Laufradschaufeln 25 zur Innenwand des Laufraddeckels einen sehr kleinen Abstand S1, der typischerweise nicht mehr als 0,2 mm beträgt. Auch zu dem in Umfangsrichtung verlaufenden Wandabschnitt des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 hat die äußere Kante der Laufradschaufel 25 nur einen sehr kleinen Abstand entsprechend dem angegebenen Spalt S2, der geringfügig größer ist als der Spalt S1, nach Möglichkeit jedoch auch 0,5 mm nicht übersteigen sollte. Man beachte, dass im Unterbrecherbereich 22 auch der Spalt zwischen den Schaufelkanten und der oben dargestellten radialen Wand über die gesamte axiale Länge der Laufradschaufeln 25 auf die Spaltbreite S2 reduziert wäre, während in dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausschnitt aus Figur 1 noch die radiale Erweiterung des Strömungskanales erkennbar ist ist.As can be seen in Figure 2, the edges of the impeller blades 25 to the inner wall of the impeller cover have a very small distance S1, which is typically not more than 0.2 mm. Also to the extending in the circumferential direction wall portion of the flow channel housing 6, the outer edge of the impeller blade 25 has only a very small distance corresponding to the specified gap S2, which is slightly larger than the gap S1, but should not exceed 0.5 mm as far as possible. It should be noted that in the interrupter region 22, the gap between the blade edges and the radial wall shown above over the entire axial length of the impeller blades 25 would be reduced to the gap width S2, while in the section of Figure 1 shown in Figure 2 nor the radial extension of Flow channel is recognizable.

Die Dichtung 14 ist in entsprechenden Aussparungen des Saugdeckels 2 und der angrenzenden Wand des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 aufgenommen, wobei diese Aussparungen im Verhältnis zum Durchmesser des zylindrischen Dichtringquerschnittes so bemessen sind, daß der Dichtring 14 bei Berührung der einander zugewandten Wandabschnitte des Saugdeckels 2 und des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 um das Maß S3 gequetscht wird.The seal 14 is received in corresponding recesses of the suction cover 2 and the adjacent wall of the flow channel housing 6, wherein these recesses are dimensioned in relation to the diameter of the cylindrical sealing ring cross-section so that the sealing ring 14th is squeezed by the dimension S3 when touching the facing wall portions of the suction cover 2 and the flow channel housing 6.

Beim Übergang von den Dichtflächen, die durch die Aussparungen im Saugdeckel 2 und der Wand des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 gebildet werden, zu dem von den Laufradschaufeln 25 beaufschlagten Bereich weisen die Innenwand des Saugdeckels 2 und eine entsprechende vorspringende Ecke des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 einen sehr kleinen Krümmungsradius r auf, der deutlich kleiner ist als der Radius des Dichtungsquerschnittes. Auf diese Weise erreicht man, daß zwischen der Dichtungsoberfläche und den angrenzenden Wänden ein enger und tiefer Spalt vermieden wird, sondern die Wände der betreffenden Bauteile sich unmittelbar außerhalb des abdichtenden Kontaktes schnell von der Oberfläche der Dichtung fort krümmen. Im Ergebnis verbleibt zwischen dem von den Laufradschaufeln 25 beaufschlagten Bereich und der Oberfläche der Dichtung 14 ein kleiner Kanal mit einer Tiefe von im allgemeinen weniger als 0,5 mm und einer Breite von mehr als 0,5 mm, so daß das Aspektverhältnis dieses Zugangskanals zu der Dichtung deutlich kleiner als 1 ist. Außerdem ist der Kanalquerschnitt (in der Draufsicht auf die Dichtung) nur geringfügig, d. h. um höchstens 10 oder 20% kleiner als die dahinterliegende zu beaufschlagende Oberfläche der Dichtung. Dies wiederum bedeutet, daß sich in diesem Kanal und generell im Bereich des Übergangs zwischen dichtenden Wandabschnitten und der Dichtung selbst das von der Pumpe geförderte Medium nicht festsetzen kann und daß bei einem Spülen der Pumpe mit einem Spülmittel auch dieser Kanal und die Oberfläche der Dichtung gut durchspült bzw. abgespült werden und eine vollständige Reinigungswirkung erzielt wird, so daß hinsichtlich der Anordnung dieser Dichtung alle üblichen Sterilitätsanforderungen erfüllt werden können.At the transition from the sealing surfaces formed by the recesses in the suction cover 2 and the wall of the flow channel housing 6 to the area impinged by the impeller blades 25, the inner wall of the suction cover 2 and a corresponding projecting corner of the flow channel housing 6 have a very small radius of curvature r which is significantly smaller than the radius of the sealing cross-section. In this way it is achieved that a narrow and deep gap is avoided between the sealing surface and the adjacent walls, but the walls of the respective components quickly bend away from the surface of the seal immediately outside the sealing contact. As a result, between the area impinged by the impeller blades 25 and the surface of the seal 14, a small channel with a depth of generally less than 0.5 mm and a width of more than 0.5 mm remains, so that the aspect ratio of this access channel to the seal is significantly smaller than 1. In addition, the channel cross-section (in the plan view of the seal) is only slightly, d. H. by at most 10 or 20% smaller than the underlying surface of the seal to be acted upon. This in turn means that in this channel and generally in the region of the transition between sealing wall sections and the seal itself, the pumped by the pump medium can not set and that when flushing the pump with a detergent and this channel and the surface of the seal well flushed or rinsed and a complete cleaning effect is achieved, so that with respect to the arrangement of this seal all the usual sterility requirements can be met.

Ähnliches gilt auch für die übrigen Dichtungen 13, 15 oder 23, die in Figur 1 erkennbar sind. Zur Verdeutlichung ist in Figur 3 nochmals eine Vergrößerung der Dichtung 15 entsprechend dem in Figur 1 mit einem Kreis III gekennzeichneten Bereich wiedergegeben. Die Dichtung 15 dichtet den Übergang vom Strömungskanalgehäuse 6 zu dem Druckraumgehäuse 8 ab, die im übrigen bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 5 identisch wie bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 1 ausgebildet sind. Man erkennt in Figur 3 den oberen gekrümmten Verlauf der Außenwand des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 am Übergang zu dem verjüngten Bereich, der von der zylindrischen Wand des Druckraumgehäuses 8 umschlossen wird. Die Wand des Druckraumgehäuses 8 hat in diesem Bereich eine Aussparung zur Aufnahme des Dichtringes 15, die allerdings so bemessen ist, daß der Dichtring 15 deutlich aus dieser Aussparung hervorsteht und so mit dem gekrümmten Eckbereich auf der Außenseite des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 in Dichtungskontakt treten kann. Wie man in Figur 3 erkennt, sind die Dichtung 15, die Aussparung in der Wand des Druckraumgehäuses 8 und die Krümmung der Wand des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 so ausgebildet, daß die gestrichelt gezeichneten Projektionen oder Verlängerungen der entsprechenden Wandabschnitte in den Dichtungsquerschnitt fallen. Dies bedeutet wiederum, daß sich, ebenso wie auch im Falle der Dichtung 14, am Übergang von der Dichtungsoberfläche zu den angrenzenden Dichtflächen der Bauelemente der Pumpe keine tiefen und engen Spalte bilden, sondern die Oberflächen der Bauelemente und der Dichtung unter einem relativ großen Winkel von 30° oder mehr aufeinandertreffen. Damit wird sowohl die Oberfläche der Dichtung selbst als auch der Übergang zwischen Dichtung und angrenzenden Flächen der Bauelemente von dem Pumpmedium und etwaigen Reinigungsflüssigkeiten gut überspült und kann sehr einfach gereinigt werden.The same applies to the other seals 13, 15 or 23, which can be seen in Figure 1. For clarification, an enlargement of the seal 15 according to the area indicated by a circle III in FIG. 1 is shown again in FIG. The seal 15 seals off the transition from the flow channel housing 6 to the pressure chamber housing 8, which are otherwise identical in the embodiment according to FIG. 5 as in the embodiment according to FIG. It can be seen in Figure 3, the upper curved course of the outer wall of the flow channel housing 6 at the transition to the tapered region, which is enclosed by the cylindrical wall of the pressure chamber housing 8. The wall of the pressure chamber housing 8 has in this area a recess for receiving the sealing ring 15, which, however, is dimensioned so that the sealing ring 15 clearly protrudes from this recess and so can enter into sealing contact with the curved corner region on the outside of the flow channel housing 6. As can be seen in Figure 3, the seal 15, the recess in the wall of the pressure chamber housing 8 and the curvature of the wall of the flow channel housing 6 are formed so that the dashed lines projections or extensions of the corresponding wall sections fall into the sealing cross-section. This in turn means that, as well as in the case of the seal 14, on Transition from the sealing surface to the adjacent sealing surfaces of the components of the pump do not form deep and narrow gaps, but the surfaces of the components and the seal at a relatively large angle of 30 ° or more meet. Thus, both the surface of the seal itself and the transition between the seal and adjacent surfaces of the components of the pumping medium and any cleaning fluids is well washed over and can be cleaned very easily.

Völlig analog ist auch die Anordnung der Dichtung 13, und auch die Dichtung 23 im Bereich der Laufradmutter 11 und der Welle bzw. einem entsprechenden zylindrischen Ansatz des Laufrades 5 ist so ausgestaltet, daß sich keine engen und tiefen Spalte zwischen Dichtung und Dichtflächen bilden können.Completely analogous is the arrangement of the seal 13, and also the seal 23 in the region of the impeller nut 11 and the shaft or a corresponding cylindrical projection of the impeller 5 is designed so that no narrow and deep gaps between seal and sealing surfaces can form.

In den in den Figuren 1 und 5 dargestellten Ausführungsformen ist das Laufrad 5 einstückig mit einem zylindrischen Ansatz 24 ausgebildet und auch das Gleitlager 4 kann ganz oder teilweise einstückig mit diesem zylindrischen Ansatz 24 ausgebildet werden. Dieses Gleitlager 4 ermöglicht eine sehr präzise Lagerung des Laufrades 5 bzw. der Welle 10, die zusätzlich noch über eine Gleitdichtung 21 gegenüber dem Druckraumgehäuse 8 und dem Strömungskanalgehäuse 6 abgedichtet ist. Aufgrund der präzisen Lagerung des Laufrades in sehr kurzem axialem Abstand zu den Laufradschaufeln ist es möglich, zwischen dem Saugdeckel 2 und den Kanten der Laufradschaufeln 25 und auch zwischen diesen Kanten der Laufradschaufeln 25 und den Wänden des Strömungskanalgehäuses 6 im Unterbrecherbereich 22 den erwähnten sehr kleinen Abstand von weniger als 0,5 mm und vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,2 mm, aufrechtzuerhalten, ohne daß es zu Berührungen der Laufradschaufeln mit den genannten Bauteilen der Pumpe kommen kann. Demzufolge ist es möglich, hochlegierte, kohlenstoffarme Stähle für das Laufrad und den Saugdeckel sowie das Strömungskanalgehäuse 6 zu verwenden, ohne daß Kaltverschweißungen aufgrund von Berührungen zwischen Laufradschaufeln und den Gehäuseteilen der Pumpe zu befürchten sind. Bei vielen sterilen Anwendungen sind diese hochlegierten Stähle das Material der Wahl.In the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 5, the impeller 5 is formed integrally with a cylindrical projection 24 and also the slide bearing 4 can be wholly or partially formed integrally with this cylindrical projection 24. This plain bearing 4 allows a very precise bearing of the impeller 5 and the shaft 10, which is additionally sealed by a sliding seal 21 against the pressure chamber housing 8 and the flow channel housing 6. Due to the precise bearing of the impeller at a very short axial distance from the impeller blades, it is possible between the suction cover 2 and the edges of the impeller blades 25 and also between these edges of the impeller blades 25 and the walls of the flow channel housing 6 in the interrupter region 22 the mentioned very small distance less than 0.5 mm, and preferably in the range of 0.2 mm, without the impeller blades contacting the said components of the pump. As a result, it is possible to use high-alloy, low-carbon steels for the impeller and the suction cover and the flow channel housing 6, without fear of cold welding due to contact between impeller blades and the housing parts of the pump. For many sterile applications, these high-alloy steels are the material of choice.

Allerdings ist es auch möglich, entsprechende Bauteile aus hochfesten Kunststoffen zu verwenden oder die genannten Bauteile mit solchen Kunststoffen zu beschichten. Aufgrund der hohen Genauigkeit, die durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Dichtungen und auch der Lagerung der entsprechenden Bauteile möglich ist, kann man eine sehr gute Trennung von Ansaugbereich und Druckbereich der selbstansaugenden Pumpe durch den sogenannten Unterbrecherbereich 22 erzielen, was sich positiv auf die Ansaugfähigkeit einer solchen selbstansaugenden Pumpe auswirkt. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Konstruktion sind bereits Ansaughöhen von mehr als 8 m erzielt worden, was ansonsten bisher nur mit selbstansaugenden Pumpen erreicht werden konnte, bei denen keine konstruktiven Maßnahmen zur Berücksichtigung von Sterilitätsbedingungen getroffen werden mußten.However, it is also possible to use corresponding components made of high-strength plastics or to coat the components mentioned with such plastics. Due to the high accuracy that is possible by the inventive arrangement of the seals and also the storage of the corresponding components, one can achieve a very good separation of the suction and pressure range of the self-priming pump by the so-called breaker area 22, which has a positive effect on the intake capacity of such self-priming pump. With the construction according to the invention suction heights of more than 8 m have already been achieved, which otherwise could previously only be achieved with self-priming pumps in which no constructive measures to take into account sterility conditions had to be taken.

Figur 5 zeigt eine weitere, für manche Anwendungsfälle bevorzugte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung, bei welcher der selbstansaugenden Pumpe 20 zusätzlich noch eine nicht selbstansaugende Kreiselpumpenstufe 30 herkömmlicher Bauart vorgeschaltet ist. Der Begriff "herkömmlicher Bauart" bezieht sich dabei allerdings nur auf das Funktionsprinzip der Kreiselpumpe 30, die im übrigen eine besondere modulare Bauweise hat, so daß sie problemlos mit der in Figur 1 dargestellten selbstansaugenden Pumpe 20 zusammenmontiert werden kann, die in der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 5 identisch enthalten ist. Der Übergang von der Pumpe gemäß Figur 1 zu der Pumpe gemäß Figur 5 erfolgt einfach dadurch, daß der Deckel 12 von der selbstansaugenden Pumpe 20 gelöst und durch das Kreiselpumpenmodul 30 ersetzt wird. Dann wird der Deckel 12 unverändert auf das Kreiselpumpenmodul 30 aufgesetzt und mit entsprechend längeren Spannschrauben 18 mit dem Motorblock 17 verbunden. Der Antrieb des Laufrades 35 der vorgesetzten Kreiselpumpe erfolgt entweder durch eine entsprechende Verbindung mit dem zylindrischen Ansatz des Laufrades 5 oder aber durch eine entsprechend verlängerte, ausgetauschte Welle 10', die sich durch das Laufrad 5 hindurch und bis in das Laufrad 35 hinein erstreckt. Alle übrigen Bauteile der in Figur 1 dargestellten Pumpe können identisch weiterverwendet werden. Auch die Dichtungen 13 haben dieselben Anordnungen und Querschnitte wie die neu hinzuzufügenden Dichtungen 13'.Figure 5 shows another, preferred for some applications embodiment of the present invention, in which the self-priming pump 20 is also preceded by a non-self-priming centrifugal pump stage 30 of conventional design. The term "conventional design", however, refers only to the functional principle of the centrifugal pump 30, which otherwise has a special modular design, so that they can be easily assembled with the self-priming pump 20 shown in Figure 1, which in the embodiment of FIG 5 is identical. The transition from the pump of Figure 1 to the pump of Figure 5 is carried out simply by the fact that the cover 12 is released from the self-priming pump 20 and replaced by the centrifugal pump module 30. Then the cover 12 is placed unchanged on the centrifugal pump module 30 and connected with correspondingly longer clamping screws 18 to the engine block 17. The drive of the impeller 35 of the superior centrifugal pump is carried out either by a corresponding connection with the cylindrical projection of the impeller 5 or by a correspondingly extended, replaced shaft 10 ', which extends through the impeller 5 and into the impeller 35 inside. All other components of the pump shown in Figure 1 can be used identically. The seals 13 have the same arrangements and cross sections as the newly added seals 13 '.

Die vorgeschaltete normale und nicht selbstansaugende Kreiselpumpe 30 hat dabei den Effekt, daß die Pumpleistung insgesamt vergrößert wird und das Druckgefälle in der selbstansaugenden Pumpe 20 weniger stark ausgeprägt ist, so daß sich bei einer solchen Konstruktion Kavitationen, wie sie bei manchen Pumpmedien auftreten können, leichter vermeiden lassen. Beim Anlaufen der Pumpe unter Selbstansaugbedingungen erzielt dabei die vorgeschaltete Kreiselpumpe 30 keine nennenswerte Saugwirkung, sondern das Ansaugen erfolgt zunächst im wesentlichen nur durch die selbstansaugende Pumpe 20, die das zu pumpende Medium durch die vorgeschaltete Kreiselpumpe 30 hindurchsaugt. Sobald dieser Ansaugvorgang abgeschlossen ist und das entsprechende flüssige Pumpmedium in die vorgeschaltete Kreiselpumpe 30 einströmt, entfaltet auch diese eine spürbare Zusatzpumpwirkung, so daß die gesamte Pumpe dann eine entsprechend höhere Pumpleistung zeigt.The upstream normal and non-self-priming centrifugal pump 30 has the effect that the pump power is increased overall and the pressure drop in the self-priming pump 20 is less pronounced, so that in such a construction cavitations, as they may occur in some pumping media easier avoid it. When starting the pump under Selbstansaugbedingungen achieved while the upstream centrifugal pump 30 no significant suction, but the suction initially takes place essentially only by the self-priming pump 20, which sucks the medium to be pumped through the upstream centrifugal pump 30. Once this suction is completed and the corresponding liquid pumping medium flows into the upstream centrifugal pump 30, this unfolds a noticeable Zusatzpumpwirkung, so that the entire pump then shows a correspondingly higher pumping power.

Es versteht sich, daß anstelle lediglich eines Kreiselpumpenmoduls 30 auch mehrere solcher Module vorgeschaltet werden können, wie dies im übrigen auch in der parallelen und noch nicht veröffentlichten deutschen Patentanmeldung Nr. 100 33 402.4 derselben Anmelderin offenbart ist.It is understood that instead of only one centrifugal pump module 30 and several such modules can be connected upstream, as otherwise in the parallel and not yet published German Patent Application No. 100 33 402.4 the same applicant is disclosed.

Claims (22)

  1. A self-priming centrifugal pump having a suction cover (2) with a suction intake opening (3), an impeller (5), a flow passage housing (6) accommodating the impeller (5), a pressure-side opening in the flow passage housing (6) and an interruption region (22) provided in the peripheral region between the pressure-side opening and the suction intake opening (3), characterised in that all parts of the pump which are acted upon by the pump medium are made from a material which satisfies sterility requirements or are coated with such a material and that the suction cover (2) and the flow passage housing (6) and all further static components of the pump which are acted upon by the pump medium are sealed relative to each other with seals which are exposed towards the functional chambers.
  2. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to claim 1 characterised in that the cross-sectional contour of the seals (13, 14, 15) projects into the contour, which is notionally extended into the region of the seals, of the inside surfaces of the components of the pump.
  3. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to claim 1 wherein the contour of at least one of the seals (13, 14, 15) does not project into the contour, which is notionally extended into the region of the seal, of the inside walls of the pump components, so that the seal is completely accommodated in a recess which is set back behind the contour of the inside surfaces of the pump, characterised in that the remaining connecting opening between the surface of the seal and the internal chamber acted upon by the pump medium in cross-section has an aspect ratio of <2, preferably <1.
  4. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to claim 3 characterised in that the access opening is in the form of a gap with a minimum gap width of 0.5 mm.
  5. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that the surface of a seal, which can be acted upon by the pump medium, is at most twice the free cross-section of an access opening leading from the internal chamber of the pump to said surface.
  6. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the seals are substantially sealing rings of circular or elliptical cross-section.
  7. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the surface portions of the pump components, which adjoin the contact surfaces with the seals, is curved away from the surface of the sealing ring with a radius of curvature which corresponds at most to three times the radius of curvature of the cross-section of the sealing ring, or extend at an angle of at least 30° relative to a tangent to the surface of the sealing ring.
  8. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the impeller (5) is mounted in sealed relationship on the shaft (10) of the pump (20).
  9. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterised in that the flow passage (7) with the exception of the interruption region (22) is also enlarged in the radial direction in the region extending around the impeller.
  10. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterised in that at its end remote from the suction intake opening (3) in the peripheral direction shortly before the interruption region the flow passage has a reducing pressure portion (7") with an outlet opening into a pressure chamber (9), wherein preferably a gas removal bore (19) additionally connects the volume acted upon by the impeller to the pressure chamber (9) radially within the reducing passage region.
  11. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 10 characterised in that the gap width between the blade edges of the impeller (5) on the one hand and the suction disc (2) as well as the wall of the flow passage housing (6) in the interruption region (22) both axially and also radially is less than 0.5 mm and preferably less than 0.3 mm.
  12. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to claim 11 characterised in that the axial gap width in the interruption region at both sides is 0.2 mm or less.
  13. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 12 characterised in that there is provided a pressure chamber (9) which is substantially parallel to the flow passage (7) and which partially surrounds the flow passage (7) and which opens into a radial or tangential pressure connection (17).
  14. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to claim 13 characterised in that the pressure chamber (9) is formed by the interior of a cup-shaped housing (8) provided with a central bore for the drive shaft (10) of the impeller (5).
  15. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to claim 14 characterised in that the outside diameter of the pressure chamber housing (8) is equal to the diameter of the flow passage housing (6), which on its outside has a stepped reduction whose outside diameter corresponds to the inside diameter of the pressure chamber housing (8).
  16. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims I to 15 characterised in that the shaft has a sliding seal in the pressure chamber (9) and at the transition from the pressure chamber (9) to the pump chamber.
  17. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 16 characterised in that provided in the region of the suction cover (2) is a bearing means for the shaft (10) and/or the impeller (5) connected to the shaft (10) in the form of a plain thrust bearing.
  18. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 17 characterised in that one or more stages of non-self-priming centrifugal pumps are connected upstream of the pump.
  19. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 18 characterised in that the suction disc (2), the flow passage housing (6), the pressure chamber housing (8) and optionally also an intake connection (1) are made from a forgeable steel, preferably a chromium nickel molybdenum steel with a low carbon content.
  20. Apparatus according to claim 19 characterised in that the impeller (5) is made substantially from the same material as the suction cover (2) and/or the flow passage housing (6).
  21. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to one of claims 1 to 20 characterised in that the impeller (5) is made from or coated with a mechanically resistant and chemically resistant plastic material.
  22. A self-priming centrifugal pump according to claim 21 characterised in that the plain bearing (4) for the shaft in the region of the suction cover (2) is made in one piece with the material of the impeller (1) or an impeller coating.
EP03000155A 2002-01-09 2003-01-04 Self-priming centrifugal pump Expired - Lifetime EP1327781B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10200579 2002-01-09
DE10200579A DE10200579B4 (en) 2002-01-09 2002-01-09 Self-priming centrifugal pump

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1327781A2 EP1327781A2 (en) 2003-07-16
EP1327781A3 EP1327781A3 (en) 2004-12-01
EP1327781B1 true EP1327781B1 (en) 2007-06-20

Family

ID=7711762

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03000155A Expired - Lifetime EP1327781B1 (en) 2002-01-09 2003-01-04 Self-priming centrifugal pump

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EP (1) EP1327781B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE365275T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10200579B4 (en)
DK (1) DK1327781T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2289186T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012223462B3 (en) * 2012-12-17 2013-08-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Housing of fluid flow machine e.g. compressor, has seal that is arranged to seal the common contact surface in which the sealing elements are arranged, and sealing elements that are arranged axially relative to each other
ES2756602T3 (en) * 2015-06-03 2020-04-27 Gea Tuchenhagen Gmbh Impeller for a centrifugal pump and centrifugal pump
US20180058464A1 (en) * 2016-08-24 2018-03-01 Q.E.D. Environmental Systems, Inc. Pump Having Edge Mounted O-Ring Seal
CN110017299B (en) * 2019-05-22 2024-04-09 台州市禺工泵业科技有限公司 Novel impeller assembly of centrifugal pump
DE102021122216A1 (en) 2021-08-27 2023-03-02 KSB SE & Co. KGaA Closed thick film for pumps

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3551067A (en) * 1969-01-22 1970-12-29 Duriron Co Lined corrosion resistant pump
US3973867A (en) * 1975-04-09 1976-08-10 Chien Fu Lee Radial flow type pump
DE3831068A1 (en) * 1988-09-13 1990-03-22 Sihi Gmbh & Co Kg METHOD FOR CLEANING A FABRIC-FREE, ROTATING WORKING CONVEYOR FOR FLUIDS
DE4020520A1 (en) * 1990-06-28 1992-01-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert AGGREGATE FOR PROCESSING FUEL FROM THE STORAGE TANK TO THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
US5318403A (en) * 1990-12-25 1994-06-07 Ebara Corporation Interstage casing for a pump made of sheet metal and method of manufacturing the same
DE4400289C2 (en) * 1994-01-07 2001-07-05 Ksb Ag Centrifugal pump
JP2665140B2 (en) * 1994-02-03 1997-10-22 株式会社ワールドケミカル Self-priming chemical pump
DE29513904U1 (en) * 1995-08-30 1997-01-09 Sihi Gmbh & Co Kg Side channel centrifugal pump with stage packages in sheet metal construction
DE10033402A1 (en) * 2000-07-08 2002-01-24 Hilge Philipp Gmbh Rotary pump has impeller wheel in two-part chamber with part with stop on which second part is supported so distance between two chamber parts is defined by supporting joint

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50307499D1 (en) 2007-08-02
ATE365275T1 (en) 2007-07-15
EP1327781A3 (en) 2004-12-01
DK1327781T3 (en) 2007-10-15
DE10200579A1 (en) 2003-07-10
DE10200579B4 (en) 2013-06-06
EP1327781A2 (en) 2003-07-16
ES2289186T3 (en) 2008-02-01

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