EP1324945A1 - Projection plasma avec melange gazeux ternaire - Google Patents
Projection plasma avec melange gazeux ternaireInfo
- Publication number
- EP1324945A1 EP1324945A1 EP01963105A EP01963105A EP1324945A1 EP 1324945 A1 EP1324945 A1 EP 1324945A1 EP 01963105 A EP01963105 A EP 01963105A EP 01963105 A EP01963105 A EP 01963105A EP 1324945 A1 EP1324945 A1 EP 1324945A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- helium
- plasma
- plasma gas
- argon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B23/00—Noble gases; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ternary plasma gas and its use in plasma projection.
- Plasma spraying is a thermal coating process which consists in introducing a particulate material into a plasma jet where the particles are melted and accelerated before they come to crash on the surface of the part to be coated.
- the main applications are the production of anti-wear, anti-corrosion, anti-friction deposits or fulfilling the role of thermal and / or electrical barrier.
- the operation is carried out either with ambient air (APS process for Air Plasma
- LPPS process for Low Pressure Plasma Spraying low pressure plasma spraying
- IPS for Inert Plasma Spraying plasma spraying in an inert atmosphere
- ATC for Atmosphere and Temperature controlled atmosphere and temperature controlled).
- Plasma gases consist of a binary mixture of argon and hydrogen, typically 75 to 95% by volume of argon and 5 to 25% by volume of hydrogen, as well as binary mixtures consisting of argon and helium.
- the goal of the end user in plasma projection is twofold, namely to satisfy their customers in terms of the quality of the deposits obtained (hardness, adhesion, rate of oxides and porosity, resistance to wear, etc.) and to reduce these costs. production in order to be more competitive on its market.
- One of the means of reducing the production costs is to reduce the consumption of the powdery filler material. Indeed, this is one of the most important factors in the cost of the plasma spraying application. Since the gas has a minimal share in this cost structure, the objective is to adapt the plasma gas to reduce the share of cost linked to the powder. In particular, it is advantageous to be able to increase the deposition yield.
- This parameter is defined as being the relative share of the powder taking part in the preparation of the coating compared to the quantity of powder initially introduced in the plasma spraying process. This, depending on the conditions of use (type of torch, powder ...) varies significantly, generally between 30 and 60%. The rest of the powder is therefore lost and consists of an unnecessary expense for the user.
- document EP-A-0 451 051 describes a mixture of ternary gases based on argon, helium and hydrogen. This mixture is suitable for plasma spraying of ceramic powders, for example oxides of the ZrO 2 / Y 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , AI 2 ⁇ 3 TiO 2 ... type.
- document EP-A-924 968 describes a ternary mixture Ar / He / H 2 which proposes to optimize the plasma projection for ceramic / metallic materials for torches of lower powers.
- the high contents of hydrogen described in document EP-0 451 051 lead to a deterioration of the electrodes because they are ill-suited to the design of these torches.
- the intrinsic properties of these filler materials mean that the conventional spraying parameters, in particular with argon / hydrogen and / or argon / helium mixtures, must be adapted to the type of powder to be sprayed. If one wants to increase the capacities of the process, in particular the projection efficiency, by the use of ternary mixtures Ar / He / H 2 , it is likewise advisable to adapt the parameters, in particular gas (flow compositions %) under projection conditions (torches, powders ).
- the high H 2 and He contents of the mixture described in document EP-A-451 051 are well suited to the plasma spraying of refractory materials such as ceramics.
- the use under the usual conditions of the mixtures described in EP-A-451,051 and EP-A-924,968 does not respond to an optimization of the process, in terms of deposition yield and properties of the coatings in certain cases, in particular. particularly for plasma spraying of metallic materials and / or their alloys.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a plasma gas which does not have the drawbacks of known gas mixtures, when it is used in plasma spraying, leading in particular to a spraying efficiency higher than that obtained with the known mixtures.
- the solution of the invention is then a plasma gas consisting of a ternary mixture of helium, argon and hydrogen, characterized in that it contains:
- the gas of the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics:
- the hydrogen gas of the invention can be used in the plasma spraying of at least one powder of a refractory material and / or of at least one metallic material.
- the invention also relates to a process for thermal spraying of gases according to the invention for producing a coating, preferably a coating made of an alloy chosen from NiCrAIY, NiAI, NiCr alloys,
- CoNiCrAIY and CoCrAIY or a coating with a metallic powder based on iron, copper or molybdenum.
- the method of the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics: - the coating is a bonding sub-layer, a layer of protection against oxidation or an anti-wear layer,
- the intensity of the current is between 300 A and 500 A, preferably of the order of 400 A,
- the part to be coated is chosen from a combustion chamber element, a drive roller or inker, a turbine blade or an element of the vehicle engine block.
- compositions of these gas mixtures are given in Table I below.
- Table I Compositions of the preferred gas mixtures of the invention (% by vol.)
- compositions of the gas mixtures of the invention given in Table I were obtained by carrying out various tests with a NiAI powder having a particle size: -90; + 45 ⁇ m, that is to say of a pulverulent mixture of nickel and aluminum. Tubes of diameter 90 mm and length 150 mm were used to measure the deposition yield which is the ratio of the mass of powder deposited on the mass of the powder injected into the plasma.
- Table II Comparison of the projection yields and values of the oxide rates for different deposits.
- the attached figure shows the evolution of the oxygen rate (on the ordinate) in the Ni / Ai coatings as a function of the intensity (on the abscissa) of the current used to generate the plasma arc, for three gas mixtures of different compositions, namely a mixture according to the invention (10% He + 20% H 2 + 70% Ar: curve C1) and, for comparison, two mixtures outside the invention (20% He + 15% H 2 + 65% Ar: curve C2 and 20% He + 10% H 2 + 70% Ar: curve C3).
- the projection efficiency (R) obtained for each intensity was also indicated (see Table II).
- the starting NiAI powder that is to say before projection, contained 0.0099% oxygen.
- the reference oxygen content in the NiAI deposit obtained under the reference conditions is 1.02%.
- the applications of the use of this mixture are numerous. We can cite as examples without being exhaustive:
- the expansion coefficients of the anti-wear layer generally a ceramic
- the substrate ie the part to be coated. It can be, for example, drive rollers, ink rollers, etc.
- the materials concerned are often NiAI or NiCr alloys, - CoNiCrAIY or CoCrAIY alloys used to protect parts against hot oxidation such as turbine blades, for example,
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0011350A FR2813598B1 (fr) | 2000-09-06 | 2000-09-06 | Projection plasma avec melange gazeux ternaire |
| FR0011350 | 2000-09-06 | ||
| PCT/FR2001/002625 WO2002020399A1 (fr) | 2000-09-06 | 2001-08-17 | Projection plasma avec melange gazeux ternaire |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1324945A1 true EP1324945A1 (fr) | 2003-07-09 |
Family
ID=8854016
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01963105A Withdrawn EP1324945A1 (fr) | 2000-09-06 | 2001-08-17 | Projection plasma avec melange gazeux ternaire |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1324945A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2001284146A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2813598B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002020399A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3958097A (en) * | 1974-05-30 | 1976-05-18 | Metco, Inc. | Plasma flame-spraying process employing supersonic gaseous streams |
| JPS5829581A (ja) * | 1981-08-17 | 1983-02-21 | Teisan Kk | 3成分被包又は拘束混合ガス |
| JPS62279083A (ja) * | 1986-05-29 | 1987-12-03 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | 粉体プラズマ肉盛溶接方法 |
| FR2660825B1 (fr) * | 1990-04-04 | 1996-07-19 | Air Liquide | Gaz plasmagene et application de ce gaz a la projection plasma d'oxyde metallique. |
| US5070228A (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1991-12-03 | General Electric Company | Method for plasma spray joining active metal substrates |
| FR2772013B1 (fr) * | 1997-12-10 | 2000-01-14 | Air Liquide | Melange gazeux ternaire et application de ce melange a la projection plasma de materiaux refractaires |
-
2000
- 2000-09-06 FR FR0011350A patent/FR2813598B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-08-17 WO PCT/FR2001/002625 patent/WO2002020399A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-08-17 AU AU2001284146A patent/AU2001284146A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-17 EP EP01963105A patent/EP1324945A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0220399A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002020399A1 (fr) | 2002-03-14 |
| FR2813598A1 (fr) | 2002-03-08 |
| AU2001284146A1 (en) | 2002-03-22 |
| FR2813598B1 (fr) | 2002-10-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20030407 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL RO SI |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: BATHELIER, DANIEL Inventor name: GOURLAOUEN, VINCENT |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'E |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'E |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20070301 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20070202 |