EP1324834B1 - Fluid dispensing device - Google Patents

Fluid dispensing device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1324834B1
EP1324834B1 EP01986625A EP01986625A EP1324834B1 EP 1324834 B1 EP1324834 B1 EP 1324834B1 EP 01986625 A EP01986625 A EP 01986625A EP 01986625 A EP01986625 A EP 01986625A EP 1324834 B1 EP1324834 B1 EP 1324834B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
pressure
dispensing device
pressure cylinder
pressure chamber
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP01986625A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1324834A1 (en
Inventor
Steven Padar
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0037—Containers
    • B05B11/0039—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means
    • B05B11/0044—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure by ingress of atmospheric air into the container, i.e. with venting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1001—Piston pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0097—Means for filling or refilling the sprayer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/02—Membranes or pistons acting on the contents inside the container, e.g. follower pistons
    • B05B11/026—Membranes separating the content remaining in the container from the atmospheric air to compensate underpressure inside the container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dispensing device for fluids from a sealed storage container.
  • EP-0 739 247 B1 describes an air compensation-free metering pump, which is used for Spraying of liquids is determined whose life on contact with Atmospheric oxygen is reduced.
  • the known metering pump has a in the Fluid container protruding pressure cylinder, in which a piston with a axial pumping channel is sealingly guided in the pressure cylinder is a Pressure chamber formed by the piston and by a relative to the Fluid container acting ball valve, which closes at overpressure and at Negative pressure opens, limited and connected to the axial pumping channel. Of the Piston is held by spring force in the upper rest position.
  • the valve to the fluid container closes and that in the pressure chamber located liquid escapes under pressure through the axial pumping channel Outside.
  • the piston When releasing the piston creates a negative pressure in the pressure chamber, so that the valve opens to the fluid container and liquid into the pressure chamber is sucked. Since the dosing pump works air-balanced, it is located in the fluid container a sealed against the atmosphere inner bag, the collapsed when emptying the fluid container.
  • the EP-0 739 247 B1 therefore proposes the residual air via the axial pumping channel suck.
  • the piston is through a sealing lip on only one part of the impression cylinder guided.
  • the gap between the Inner wall of the pressure cylinder and the outer wall of the piston in the Suction chamber and sucked out of the pressure chamber via the axial pumping channel become.
  • acting opposite the bag close the valve. This is done by means of a plunger, the suction of the Residual air is introduced into the piston.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a dispensing device for To provide fluids from a sealed storage container, in which the Removing residual air in a particularly simple manner is possible.
  • the residual air in the storage container is not via the axial pumping channel, but sucked through a passageway between the outer wall of the Piston and the inner wall of the pressure cylinder above the opening in Pressure cylinder is formed.
  • To close the passage are means provided, which are such that when creating a negative pressure Residual air from the storage container can be sucked through the passage, otherwise the passage is closed. Since the residual air is not over the axial pumping channel is sucked, the protective cap needs of the Dispensing device not to be removed.
  • the passage between pistons and impression cylinder in a space to be acted upon with negative pressure in is formed of the housing body.
  • a vacuum pump to generate the negative pressure is connected to the Housing body.
  • the means for closing the passage are preferably as Sealing disk formed with a circular recess in which the Piston is guided sealing.
  • a sealing washer preferably made of polyethylene, can be used without major manufacturing effort be used the housing body.
  • the passage for sucking off the residual air between the piston and the pressure cylinder is preferably a gap, i. H. the piston is in this area of the Pressure cylinder not guided sealing. But instead of a gap can also longitudinal grooves or the like. In the inner wall of the impression cylinder and / or the Be provided outer wall of the piston.
  • one or more can be used to suck off the air Be provided openings.
  • the openings are in the Pressure cylinder circumferentially distributed slots arranged.
  • the housing body has two Housing parts, each with a cylindrical portion on which to operate of the piston are mutually displaceable.
  • these close two housing parts the space to be acted upon with negative pressure and preferably seal against each other when compressed, so that the piston is advanced into the pressure chamber.
  • the cylindrical Sections of the two housing parts can also be with a ring seal or Like. Be sealed against each other so that in the of the two parts enclosed space can build a vacuum even when the Piston is not in the advanced position.
  • the piston is preferably below the opening in the rotary cylinder only from sealed a peripheral sealing lip at the lower end of the piston, wherein the pressure cylinder for venting in an area at the lower end of the Pressure chamber is extended so that in this area the sealing effect of Sealing lip is lost.
  • the two become Casing parts of the housing body compressed, so that the piston in the Pressure chamber is advanced.
  • the two seal Housing parts against each other, and the sealing lip of the piston seals against from the impression cylinder.
  • the sealing lip is below the extension of the Pressure cylinder on the inner wall sealingly.
  • the sealing lip can also rest on a shoulder of the impression cylinder below the extension, which forms a lower stop for the piston.
  • the housing body may be attached to the storage container, in particular a glass or Plastic bottle, fastened by means of a clamp or screw cap become.
  • the dispenser is for spraying a liquid from a Reservoir 1 with a collapsible bag 1 a determined in the Reservoir is inserted.
  • the housing body 2 of the dispenser consists of a lower Housing part 3 and an upper housing part 4, on the lower housing part. 3 is attached.
  • the lower housing part 3 of the housing body is as Cap formed, the snapping and sealing on the Reservoir 1 is placed.
  • the lower housing part 3 takes a Pressure cylinder 5, which extends into the reservoir 1.
  • a pressure chamber 6 is formed, which at the upper end from a guided in the pressure cylinder piston 7 and at the lower end of a relative to the reservoir 1 acting ball valve 8 is limited.
  • the piston 7 has a lower portion 7a and an upper portion 7b, wherein the outer diameter of the lower portion is slightly larger than that Diameter of the upper section is.
  • the impression cylinder 5 has accordingly a lower portion 5a having a larger inner diameter and a upper portion 5b with a smaller diameter.
  • the lower portion 7a of the piston 7 by means of a in the pressure cylinder 5 used compression spring 9 against the upper portion 5b biased the pressure cylinder 5.
  • the upper portion 5b of the impression cylinder 5 has at its upper edge an annular projection 26 with several circumferentially distributed grooves 27 arranged on.
  • the inner diameter of the annular projection 26 corresponds to the outer diameter of the piston 7, so that the piston is guided in the approach (Fig. 2). Otherwise, the piston 7 has a smaller diameter than the impression cylinder 5 remains between Piston outer wall and cylinder inner wall a narrow gap 10.
  • the gap 10 between the upper portion 7b of the piston and the upper Section 5b of the printing cylinder 5 is of a flexible sealing disc 19th locked.
  • the gasket 19 is made of polyethylene and has in Center on a circular recess 20 in which the piston 7 sealing is guided.
  • the outer edge of the sealing disc 19 is sealing in the lower Housing part 3 of the housing body 2 is inserted, wherein the sealing disc with their underside in the region of the outer edge on a circumferential shoulder 21st the housing body rests, in the inner area, however, is free to move.
  • the piston 7 has an axial Pumping channel 14, which is connected to a riser 15, which at the top Housing part 4 is attached.
  • the upper end of the riser 15 is provided with a Check valve 16 closed.
  • a spray head 17 is provided for spraying the liquid is above the check valve.
  • a closure cap 30 Sitting on the riser 15 a closure cap 30 which sealingly closes the pumping channel 14.
  • the upper and lower housing part 3, 4 of the housing body 2 each have one cylindrical portion 3a, 4a, which are mutually displaceable.
  • To the Upper housing part 4 is next to the riser an opening 24 for sucking the Provided residual air.
  • the dispenser works as follows. It is first assumed that the Reservoir 1 filled with liquid, the dispenser but still free of liquid.
  • the piston 7 moves into the pressure chamber 6, wherein the air in the pressure chamber through the axial pumping channel 14th and the riser 15 can escape. This is due to the overpressure in Pressure chamber, the check valve 16 is opened and the ball valve 8 is closed.
  • the piston recoils due to the spring force, it creates in the Pressure chamber a negative pressure, so that the ball valve 8 opens and the Check valve 16 closes.
  • the negative pressure liquid from the Reservoir 1 sucked into the pressure chamber.
  • the Check valve 16 opens and the ball valve 8 closes.
  • the residual air is sucked off by means of a vacuum pump, not shown, the has a trained in the manner of a cap suction device 28, at the the pressure hose 29 of the vacuum pump is connected.
  • the suction cap is sealing on the upper housing part 3 of the housing body 2 of the Dispensing device mounted, wherein the opening 24 of the housing part 3 within the suction cap is located. For this purpose, the cap 30 does not need to be removed become. Then the vacuum pump is switched on.
  • FIG. 6 shows a partial view of an alternative embodiment of the invention Pressure cylinder 5 'with the piston 7' in the region of the extension 13 '.
  • Piston 7 ' is supported in this embodiment with its sealing lip 11' on an inwardly projecting shoulder 31 of the impression cylinder below the Extension 13 'from, so that the pressure chamber 6, regardless of the position of the Ball valve 8 is closed.
  • the paragraph 31 also forms a front Stopper for the piston, which makes this particularly easy to install attach the riser.

Abstract

A device for dispensing fluids from a sealed off-storage container includes a housing placed on the container that receives a pressure cylinder for insertion in the container. The cylinder has a pressure chamber defined at the upper end by a piston guided in the cylinder and at the lower end by a valve. The valve acts upon the container and is closed when there is an excess pressure and opens when there is a negative pressure in the chamber. The piston has a pump channel linked with the chamber, and the cylinder has openings upstream of the chamber for drawing off residual air present in the container. A passage between an outer wall of the piston and an inner wall of the cylinder upstream of the openings is closed by a sealing washer. Residual air is drawn off via the openings and the passage, whereby the sealing washer loses its sealing effect on the piston.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abgabevorrichtung für Fluide aus einem abgedichtetem Vorratsbehältnis.The invention relates to a dispensing device for fluids from a sealed storage container.

Bekannt sind herkömmliche Abgabevorrichtungen für Pharmazeutika oder Kosmetika. Derartige Dosierpumpen erlauben die Förderung einer bestimmten Menge eines Fluids aus einem Vorratsbehältnis.Conventional dispensers for pharmaceuticals or are known Cosmetics. Such metering pumps allow the promotion of a specific Quantity of a fluid from a storage container.

Die EP-0 739 247 B1 beschreibt eine luftausgleichsfreie Dosierpumpe, die zum Versprühen von Flüssigkeiten bestimmt ist, deren Lebensdauer bei Kontakt mit Luftsauerstoff verringert wird. Die bekannte Dosierpumpe weist einen in den Fluidbehälter hineinragenden Druckzylinder auf, in dem ein Kolben mit einem axialen Pumpkanal abdichtend geführt ist In dem Druckzylinder ist eine Druckkammer ausgebildet, die durch den Kolben und durch ein gegenüber dem Fluidbehälter wirkendes Kugelventil, das bei Überdruck schließt und bei Unterdruck öffnet, begrenzt und mit dem axialen Pumpkanal verbunden ist. Der Kolben wird durch Federkraft in der oberen Ruheposition gehalten. Wenn der Kolben nach unten gedrückt wird, so erhöht sich der Druck in der Druckkammer, das Ventil zu dem Fluidbehälter schließt sich und die in der Druckkammer befindliche Flüssigkeit entweicht unter Druck durch den axialen Pumpkanal nach außen. Beim Loslassen des Kolbens entsteht in der Druckkammer ein Unterdruck, so daß das Ventil zum Fluidbehälter öffnet und Flüssigkeit in die Druckkammer angesaugt wird. Da die Dosierpumpe luftausgleichsfrei arbeitet, befindet sich in dem Fluidbehälter ein gegenüber der Atmosphäre abgedichteter Innenbeutel, der beim Entleeren des Fluidbehälters kollabiert. EP-0 739 247 B1 describes an air compensation-free metering pump, which is used for Spraying of liquids is determined whose life on contact with Atmospheric oxygen is reduced. The known metering pump has a in the Fluid container protruding pressure cylinder, in which a piston with a axial pumping channel is sealingly guided in the pressure cylinder is a Pressure chamber formed by the piston and by a relative to the Fluid container acting ball valve, which closes at overpressure and at Negative pressure opens, limited and connected to the axial pumping channel. Of the Piston is held by spring force in the upper rest position. If the Piston is pressed down, so the pressure in the pressure chamber increases, the valve to the fluid container closes and that in the pressure chamber located liquid escapes under pressure through the axial pumping channel Outside. When releasing the piston creates a negative pressure in the pressure chamber, so that the valve opens to the fluid container and liquid into the pressure chamber is sucked. Since the dosing pump works air-balanced, it is located in the fluid container a sealed against the atmosphere inner bag, the collapsed when emptying the fluid container.

Beim Befüllen der luftausgleichsfreien Dosierpumpen verbleibt im Innenbeutel Restluft. Während der Lagerung steht die Flüssigkeit daher ständig mit Luftsauerstoff in Verbindung, was zu einer Verringerung der Aufbewahrungsdauer oder der Keimfreiheit der Flüssigkeit führt. Ein Abfüllen des Fluidbehälters in keimfreier Atmosphäre oder unter Schutzgas ist jedoch sehr aufwendig und teuer. Darüber hinaus ist eine vollständige Entleerung des Beutels nur dann möglich, wenn im Beutel nach der Befüllung keine Restluft verbleibt.When filling the air compensation dosing pumps remains in the inner bag Residual air. During storage, the liquid is therefore constantly with Oxygen in connection, resulting in a reduction of Storage or the sterility of the liquid leads. A bottling However, the fluid container in germ-free atmosphere or under inert gas is very complicated and expensive. In addition, a complete emptying of the bag only possible if no residual air remains in the bag after filling.

Die EP-0 739 247 B1 schlägt daher vor, die Restluft über den axialen Pumpkanal abzusaugen. Um eine Verbindung zu dem Innenbeutel zu schaffen, sind in dem Druckzylinder Öffnungen vorgesehen. Darüber hinaus ist der Kolben durch eine umfangsseitige Dichtlippe nur über einen Teil des Druckzylinders dichtend geführt. In einer bestimmten Position des Kolbens kann somit die Restluft aus dem Beutel über die Öffnungen im Druckzylinder, den Spalt zwischen der Innenwand des Druckzylinders und der Außenwand des Kolbens in die Druckkammer und aus der Druckkammer über den axialen Pumpkanal abgesaugt werden. Um zu verhindern, daß beim Anlegen eines Unterdrucks Flüssigkeit in die Druckkammer gelangt, ist es erforderlich, das gegenüber dem Beutel wirkende Ventil zu schließen. Dies erfolgt mittels eines Stößels, der beim Absaugen der Restluft in den Kolben eingeführt wird.The EP-0 739 247 B1 therefore proposes the residual air via the axial pumping channel suck. To create a connection to the inner bag, are in the Pressure cylinder openings provided. In addition, the piston is through a sealing lip on only one part of the impression cylinder guided. In a certain position of the piston thus the residual air can the bag over the openings in the impression cylinder, the gap between the Inner wall of the pressure cylinder and the outer wall of the piston in the Suction chamber and sucked out of the pressure chamber via the axial pumping channel become. To prevent liquid from entering when creating negative pressure the pressure chamber passes, it is necessary that acting opposite the bag Close the valve. This is done by means of a plunger, the suction of the Residual air is introduced into the piston.

Das bekannte Verfahren hat sich in der Praxis bewährt. Nachteilig ist jedoch, daß zum Absaugen der Restluft das gegenüber dem Fluidbehälter wirkende Kugelventil mittels des Stößels verschlossen werden muß. Dabei besteht, die Gefahr, daß der Stößel die Kugel des Kugelventils verklemmt. Dies kann nur durch eine sehr große Maßgenauigkeit verhindert werden, die zu einem höheren Herstellungsaufwand führt. Darüber hinaus ist auch die Schaffung der Verbindung zwischen Beutel und Druckkammer mit einem erhöhten Herstellungsaufwand verbunden. Im übrigen ist nachteilig, daß die Schutzkappe von der Dosierpumpe abgenommen werden muß, um an den Pumpkanal eine Saugpumpe anschließen zu können.The known method has proven itself in practice. The disadvantage, however, is that for sucking off the residual air acting opposite to the fluid container Ball valve must be closed by means of the plunger. It consists, the Danger that the ram jams the ball of the ball valve. This is only possible be prevented by a very large dimensional accuracy leading to a higher Manufacturing effort leads. In addition, the creation of the connection is also between bag and pressure chamber with an increased production cost connected. Moreover, it is disadvantageous that the protective cap of the metering pump must be removed to connect to the pumping channel a suction pump can.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Abgabevorrichtung für Fluide aus einem abgedichteten Vorratsbehältnis zu schaffen, bei der das Entfernen von Restluft auf besonders einfache Art und Weise möglich ist.The invention is therefore based on the object, a dispensing device for To provide fluids from a sealed storage container, in which the Removing residual air in a particularly simple manner is possible.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1.The solution of this object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1.

Die Restluft in dem Vorratsbehältnis wird nicht über den axialen Pumpkanal, sondern über einen Durchgang abgesaugt, der zwischen der Außenwand des Kolbens und der Innenwand des Druckzylinders oberhalb der Öffnung im Druckzylinder ausgebildet ist. Zum Verschließen des Durchgangs sind Mittel vorgesehen, die derart beschaffen sind, daß beim Anlegen eines Unterdrucks Restluft aus dem Vorratsbehältnis über den Durchgang abgesaugt werden kann, ansonsten der Durchgang aber verschlossen ist. Da die Restluft nicht über den axialen Pumpkanal abgesaugt wird, braucht die Schutzkappe von der Abgabevorrichtung nicht abgenommen zu werden.The residual air in the storage container is not via the axial pumping channel, but sucked through a passageway between the outer wall of the Piston and the inner wall of the pressure cylinder above the opening in Pressure cylinder is formed. To close the passage are means provided, which are such that when creating a negative pressure Residual air from the storage container can be sucked through the passage, otherwise the passage is closed. Since the residual air is not over the axial pumping channel is sucked, the protective cap needs of the Dispensing device not to be removed.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform führt der Durchgang zwischen Kolben und Druckzylinder in einen mit Unterdruck zu beaufschlagenden Raum, der in dem Gehäusekörper ausgebildet ist. Zum Absaugen der Restluft wird an dem Gehäusekörper eine Vakuumpumpe zur Erzeugung des Unterdrucks angeschlossen.In a preferred embodiment, the passage between pistons and impression cylinder in a space to be acted upon with negative pressure in is formed of the housing body. To suck the residual air is at the Housing body a vacuum pump to generate the negative pressure connected.

Die Mittel zum Verschließen des Durchgangs sind vorzugsweise als Dichtungsscheibe mit einer kreisrunden Ausnehmung ausgebildet, in der der Kolben dichtend geführt ist. Eine derartige Dichtungsscheibe, die vorzugsweise aus Polyethylen besteht, kann ohne größeren fertigungstechnischen Aufwand in den Gehäusekörper eingesetzt werden. The means for closing the passage are preferably as Sealing disk formed with a circular recess in which the Piston is guided sealing. Such a sealing washer, preferably made of polyethylene, can be used without major manufacturing effort be used the housing body.

Der Durchgang zum Absaugen der Restluft zwischen Kolben und Druckzylinder ist vorzugsweise ein Spalt, d. h. der Kolben ist in diesem Bereich des Druckzylinders nicht dichtend geführt. Anstelle eines Spaltes können aber auch längslaufende Nuten oder dgl. in der Innenwand des Druckzylinders und/oder der Außenwand des Kolbens vorgesehen sein.The passage for sucking off the residual air between the piston and the pressure cylinder is preferably a gap, i. H. the piston is in this area of the Pressure cylinder not guided sealing. But instead of a gap can also longitudinal grooves or the like. In the inner wall of the impression cylinder and / or the Be provided outer wall of the piston.

In dem Druckzylinder können zum Absaugen der Luft eine oder mehrere Öffnungen vorgesehen sein. Vorzugsweise sind die Öffnungen in dem Druckzylinder umfangsmäßig verteilt angeordnete Schlitze.In the printing cylinder, one or more can be used to suck off the air Be provided openings. Preferably, the openings are in the Pressure cylinder circumferentially distributed slots arranged.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist der Gehäusekörper zwei Gehäuseteile mit jeweils einem zylindrischen Abschnitt auf, die zum Betätigen des Kolbens gegeneinander verschiebbar sind. Vorzugsweise schließen diese beiden Gehäuseteile den mit Unterdruck zu beaufschlagenden Raum ein und dichten vorzugsweise dann gegeneinander ab, wenn sie zusammengedrückt sind, so daß der Kolben in den Druckkammer vorgeschoben ist. Die zylindrischen Abschnitte der beiden Gehäuseteile können aber auch mit einer Ringdichtung oder dgl. so gegeneinander abgedichtet sein, daß sich in dem von den beiden Teilen eingeschlossen Raum ein Unterdruck auch dann aufbauen läßt, wenn sich der Kolben nicht in der vorgeschobenen Position befindet.In a further preferred embodiment, the housing body has two Housing parts, each with a cylindrical portion on which to operate of the piston are mutually displaceable. Preferably, these close two housing parts the space to be acted upon with negative pressure and preferably seal against each other when compressed, so that the piston is advanced into the pressure chamber. The cylindrical Sections of the two housing parts can also be with a ring seal or Like. Be sealed against each other so that in the of the two parts enclosed space can build a vacuum even when the Piston is not in the advanced position.

Der Kolben ist unterhalb der Öffnung im Drehzylinder vorzugsweise nur von einer umfangsseitigen Dichtlippe am unteren Ende des Kolbens abgedichtet, wobei der Druckzylinder zur Entlüftung in einem Bereich am unteren-Ende-der Druckkammer derart erweitert ist, daß in diesem Bereich die Dichtwirkung der Dichtlippe verloren geht.The piston is preferably below the opening in the rotary cylinder only from sealed a peripheral sealing lip at the lower end of the piston, wherein the pressure cylinder for venting in an area at the lower end of the Pressure chamber is extended so that in this area the sealing effect of Sealing lip is lost.

Um die Restluft über den Durchgang abgesaugen zu können, werden die beiden Gehäuseteile des Gehäusekörpers zusammengedrückt, so daß der Kolben in die Druckkammer vorgeschoben ist. In dieser Position dichten die beiden Gehäuseteile gegeneinander ab, und die Dichtlippe des Kolbens dichtet gegenüber dem Druckzylinder ab. Dabei liegt die Dichtlippe unterhalb der Erweiterung des Druckzylinders an dessen Innenwandung dichtend an. Die Dichtlippe kann unterhalb der Erweiterung auch auf einem Absatz des Druckzylinders aufliegen, die einen unteren Anschlag für den Kolben bildet. Mit der Abdichtung des Kolbens gegenüber der Druckkammer wird erreicht, daß beim Absaugen der Restluft der axiale Pumpkanal verschlossen ist, so daß Flüssigkeit aus dem Behältnis nicht angesaugt werden kann.In order to be able to suck the residual air over the passage, the two become Casing parts of the housing body compressed, so that the piston in the Pressure chamber is advanced. In this position, the two seal Housing parts against each other, and the sealing lip of the piston seals against from the impression cylinder. The sealing lip is below the extension of the Pressure cylinder on the inner wall sealingly. The sealing lip can also rest on a shoulder of the impression cylinder below the extension, which forms a lower stop for the piston. With the sealing of the Piston with respect to the pressure chamber is achieved that the suction of the Restluft the axial pumping channel is closed, so that liquid from the Container can not be sucked.

Da der Pumpkanal beim Absaugen der Restluft mit dem Kolben verschlossen ist, braucht nicht das gegenüber dem Vorratsbehältnis wirkende Ventil mittels eines Stößels oder dgl. verschlossen zu werden, was den fertigungstechnischen Aufwand aufgrund der hohen Maßgenauigkeit erhöht.Since the pumping channel is closed with the suction of the residual air with the piston, does not need the opposite of the storage container acting valve by means of a Tappet or the like. To be closed, which is the production engineering Increased effort due to the high dimensional accuracy.

Der Gehäusekörper kann an dem Vorratsbehältnis, insbesondere eine Glas- oder Kunststoffflasche, mittels eines Klemm- bzw. Schraubverschlusses befestigt werden.The housing body may be attached to the storage container, in particular a glass or Plastic bottle, fastened by means of a clamp or screw cap become.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden.

Fig. 1,
die Abgabevorrichtung zusammen mit dem Vorratsbehälter in geschnittener Darstellung, wobei sich der Kolben in der Ruheposition befindet,
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie II-II von Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
den Ausschnitt A von Fig. 1 in vergrößerter Darstellung,
Fig. 4
die Abgabevorrichtung von Fig. 1 zusammen mit einer Saugvorrichtung zum Absaugen der Restluft, wobei sich der Kolben in der vorgeschobenen Stellung befindet,
Fig. 5
den Ausschnitt B von Fig. 4 in vergrößerter Darstellung und
Fig. 6
eine Teilansicht des Druckzylinders mit dem Kolben einer alternativen Ausführungsform in vergrößerter Darstellung.
In the following an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1,
the dispenser together with the reservoir in a sectional view, wherein the piston is in the rest position,
Fig. 2
a section along the line II-II of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
the detail A of Fig. 1 in an enlarged view,
Fig. 4
1 together with a suction device for sucking off the residual air, wherein the piston is in the advanced position,
Fig. 5
the detail B of Fig. 4 in an enlarged view and
Fig. 6
a partial view of the pressure cylinder with the piston of an alternative embodiment in an enlarged view.

Die Abgabevorrichtung ist zum Versprühen einer Flüssigkeit aus einem Vorratsbehälter 1 mit einem kollabierbaren Beutel 1a bestimmt, der in den Vorratsbehälter eingesetzt ist.The dispenser is for spraying a liquid from a Reservoir 1 with a collapsible bag 1 a determined in the Reservoir is inserted.

Der Gehäusekörper 2 der Abgabevorrichtung besteht aus einem unteren Gehäuseteil 3 und einem oberen Gehäuseteil 4, der auf den unteren Gehäuseteil 3 aufgesetzt ist. Der untere Gehäuseteil 3 des Gehäusekörpers ist als Verschlußkappe ausgebildet, die einschnappend und dichtend auf den Vorratsbehälter 1 aufgesetzt ist. Der untere Gehäuseteil 3 nimmt einen Druckzylinder 5 auf, der sich in den Vorratsbehälter 1 erstreckt. Am unteren Ende des Druckzylinders 5 ist eine Druckkammer 6 ausgebildet, die am oberen Ende von einem im Druckzylinder geführten Kolben 7 und am unteren Ende von einem gegenüber dem Vorratsbehälter 1 wirkenden Kugelventil 8 begrenzt ist.The housing body 2 of the dispenser consists of a lower Housing part 3 and an upper housing part 4, on the lower housing part. 3 is attached. The lower housing part 3 of the housing body is as Cap formed, the snapping and sealing on the Reservoir 1 is placed. The lower housing part 3 takes a Pressure cylinder 5, which extends into the reservoir 1. At the bottom of the pressure cylinder 5, a pressure chamber 6 is formed, which at the upper end from a guided in the pressure cylinder piston 7 and at the lower end of a relative to the reservoir 1 acting ball valve 8 is limited.

Der Kolben 7 weist einen unteren Abschnitt 7a und einen oberen Abschnitt 7b auf, wobei der Außendurchmesser des unteren Abschnitts geringfügig größer als der Durchmesser des oberen Abschnitts ist. Der Druckzylinder 5 weist entsprechend einen unteren Abschnitt 5a mit einem größeren Innendurchmesser und einen oberen Abschnitt 5b mit einem kleineren Durchmesser auf. In der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ruheposition ist der untere Abschnitt 7a des Kolbens 7 mittels einer in den Druckzylinder 5 eingesetzten Druckfeder 9 gegen den oberen Abschnitt 5b des Druckzylinders 5 vorgespannt. Der obere Abschnitt 5b des Druckzylinders 5 weist an seinem oberen Rand einen ringförmigen Ansatz 26 mit mehreren umfangsmäßig verteilt angeordneten Nuten 27 auf. Der Innendurchmesser des ringförmigen Ansatzes 26 entspricht dem Außendurchmesser des Kolbens 7, so daß der Kolben in dem Ansatz geführt ist (Fig. 2). Da der Kolben 7 ansonsten einen kleineren Durchmesser als der Druckzylinder 5 hat, verbleibt zwischen Kolbenaußenwand und Zylinderinnenwand ein schmaler Spalt 10. The piston 7 has a lower portion 7a and an upper portion 7b, wherein the outer diameter of the lower portion is slightly larger than that Diameter of the upper section is. The impression cylinder 5 has accordingly a lower portion 5a having a larger inner diameter and a upper portion 5b with a smaller diameter. In the in Fig. 1 shown rest position, the lower portion 7a of the piston 7 by means of a in the pressure cylinder 5 used compression spring 9 against the upper portion 5b biased the pressure cylinder 5. The upper portion 5b of the impression cylinder 5 has at its upper edge an annular projection 26 with several circumferentially distributed grooves 27 arranged on. The inner diameter of the annular projection 26 corresponds to the outer diameter of the piston 7, so that the piston is guided in the approach (Fig. 2). Otherwise, the piston 7 has a smaller diameter than the impression cylinder 5 remains between Piston outer wall and cylinder inner wall a narrow gap 10.

Die Abdichtung des Kolbens 7 gegenüber dem Druckzylinder 5 erfolgt allein mit einer Dichtlippe 11, die am unteren Ende des Kolben angeordnet ist. Im unteren Bereich der Druckkammer 6 nimmt der Innendurchmesser des Druckzylinders 5 geringfügig zu, um sich dann wieder zu verringern. Im Bereich dieser Erweiterung 13 geht die Dichtwirkung der Lippe 11 verloren (Fig. 3).The sealing of the piston 7 relative to the pressure cylinder 5 is carried out alone a sealing lip 11, which is arranged at the lower end of the piston. At the bottom Area of the pressure chamber 6 takes the inner diameter of the pressure cylinder. 5 slightly to then decrease again. In the area of this extension 13, the sealing effect of the lip 11 is lost (FIG. 3).

Der Spalt 10 zwischen dem oberen Abschnitt 7b des Kolbens und dem oberen Abschnitt 5b des Druckzylinders 5 wird von einer flexiblen Dichtungsscheibe 19 verschlossen. Die Dichtungsscheibe 19 besteht aus Polyethylen und weist im Zentrum eine kreisrunde Ausnehmung 20 auf, in der der Kolben 7 dichtend geführt ist. Der äußere Rand der Dichtungsscheibe 19 ist dichtend in den unteren Gehäuseteil 3 des Gehäusekörpers 2 eingesetzt, wobei die Dichtungscheibe mit ihrer Unterseite im Bereich des äußeren Randes auf einem umlaufenden Absatz 21 des Gehäusekörpers aufliegt, im inneren Bereich hingegen frei beweglich ist.The gap 10 between the upper portion 7b of the piston and the upper Section 5b of the printing cylinder 5 is of a flexible sealing disc 19th locked. The gasket 19 is made of polyethylene and has in Center on a circular recess 20 in which the piston 7 sealing is guided. The outer edge of the sealing disc 19 is sealing in the lower Housing part 3 of the housing body 2 is inserted, wherein the sealing disc with their underside in the region of the outer edge on a circumferential shoulder 21st the housing body rests, in the inner area, however, is free to move.

Oberhalb des Druckraums 6 ist der Druckzylinder 5 mit mehreren umfangsmäßig verteilt angeordneten Schlitzen 12 versehen. Der Kolben 7 weist einen axialen Pumpkanal 14 auf, der mit einem Steigrohr 15 verbunden ist, das an dem oberen Gehäuseteil 4 befestigt ist. Das obere Ende des Steigrohrs 15 ist mit einem Rückschlagventil 16 verschlossen. Zum Versprühen der Flüssigkeit ist oberhalb des Rückschlagventils ein Sprühkopf 17 vorgesehen. Auf dem Steigrohr 15 sitzt eine Verschlußkappe 30, die den Pumpkanal 14 abdichtend verschließt.Above the pressure chamber 6 of the pressure cylinder 5 is circumferentially with several distributed slots 12 provided. The piston 7 has an axial Pumping channel 14, which is connected to a riser 15, which at the top Housing part 4 is attached. The upper end of the riser 15 is provided with a Check valve 16 closed. For spraying the liquid is above the check valve a spray head 17 is provided. Sitting on the riser 15 a closure cap 30 which sealingly closes the pumping channel 14.

Der obere und untere Gehäuseteil 3, 4 des Gehäusekörpers 2 weisen jeweils einen zylindrischen Abschnitt 3a, 4a auf, die gegeneinander verschiebbar sind. An dem oberen Gehäuseteil 4 ist neben dem Steigrohr eine Öffnung 24 zum Absaugen der Restluft vorgesehen.The upper and lower housing part 3, 4 of the housing body 2 each have one cylindrical portion 3a, 4a, which are mutually displaceable. To the Upper housing part 4 is next to the riser an opening 24 for sucking the Provided residual air.

Die Abgabevorrichtung arbeitet wie folgt. Es sei zunächst angenommen, daß der Vorratsbehälter 1 mit Flüssigkeit befüllt, die Abgabevorrichtung aber noch frei von Flüssigkeit ist. Beim Zusammendrücken des oberen und unteren Gehäuseteils 3,4 des Gehäusekörpers 2 verschiebt sich der Kolben 7 in den Druckraum 6, wobei die in dem Druckraum befindliche Luft durch den axialen Pumpkanal 14 und das Steigrohr 15 entweichen kann. Hierbei ist aufgrund des Überdrucks im Druckraum das Rückschlagventil 16 geöffnet und das Kugelventil 8 geschlossen. Wenn der Kolben aufgrund der Federkraft zurückschnellt, entsteht in dem Druckraum ein Unterdruck, so daß sich das Kugelventil 8 öffnet und sich das Rückschlagventil 16 schließt. Infolge des Unterdrucks wird Flüssigkeit aus dem Vorratsbehälter 1 in die Druckkammer angesaugt. Wird der Kolben anschließend wieder vorgeschoben, so wird die Flüssigkeit aus der Druckkammer 6 über den axialen Pumpkanal 14 und das Steigrohr 15 nach außen gedrückt, wobei das Rückschlagventil 16 sich öffnet und das Kugelventil 8 schließt.The dispenser works as follows. It is first assumed that the Reservoir 1 filled with liquid, the dispenser but still free of liquid. When compressing the upper and lower housing parts 3.4 of the housing body 2, the piston 7 moves into the pressure chamber 6, wherein the air in the pressure chamber through the axial pumping channel 14th and the riser 15 can escape. This is due to the overpressure in Pressure chamber, the check valve 16 is opened and the ball valve 8 is closed. When the piston recoils due to the spring force, it creates in the Pressure chamber a negative pressure, so that the ball valve 8 opens and the Check valve 16 closes. As a result of the negative pressure, liquid from the Reservoir 1 sucked into the pressure chamber. Will the piston subsequently advanced again, the liquid from the pressure chamber 6 via the axial pumping channel 14 and the riser 15 is pressed outwards, the Check valve 16 opens and the ball valve 8 closes.

Nachfolgend wird das Verfahren zum Absaugen der Restluft im Vorratsbehälter beschrieben. Zum Absaugen der Restluft wird in dem von dem oberen und unteren Gehäuseteil 3,4 eingeschlossenen Raum 22 ein Unterdruck erzeugt. Hierzu werden die beiden Gehäuseteile 3,4 zusammengedrückt, so daß sich der zylindrische Abschnitt 3a des unteren Gehäuseteils 3 dichtend an dem oberen Gehäuseteil 4 abstützt (Fig. 4). In dieser Position ist der Kolben 7 in den Druckzylinder 5 vorgeschoben, und die Dichtlippe 11 des Kolbens 7 befindet sich unterhalb der Erweiterung 13, so daß die Druckkammer 6 auch dann verschlossen ist, wenn das Kugelventil 8 geöffnet ist.The following is the procedure for extracting the residual air in the reservoir described. For sucking the residual air is in the from the upper and lower housing part 3.4 enclosed space 22 generates a negative pressure. For this purpose, the two housing parts are compressed 3.4, so that the cylindrical portion 3a of the lower housing part 3 sealingly to the upper Housing part 4 is supported (Fig. 4). In this position, the piston 7 in the Pressure cylinder 5 advanced, and the sealing lip 11 of the piston 7 is located below the extension 13, so that the pressure chamber 6 is then closed is when the ball valve 8 is open.

Die Restluft wird mittels einer nicht dargestellten Vakuumpumpe abgesaugt, die über eine nach Art einer Kappe ausgebildete Saugvorrichtung 28 verfügt, an der der Druckschlauch 29 der Vakuumpumpe angeschlossen ist. Die Saugkappe wird dichtend auf das obere Gehäuseteil 3 des Gehäusekörpers 2 der Abgabevorrichtung aufgesetzt, wobei die Öffnung 24 des Gehäuseteils 3 innerhalb der Saugkappe liegt. Dazu braucht die Verschlußkappe 30 nicht abgenommen zu werden. Anschließend wird die Vakuumpumpe eingeschaltet. Infolge des Unterdrucks verliert die Dichtungsscheibe 19 ihre Dichtwirkung gegenüber dem Kolben 5, so daß die Restluft aus dem Innenbeutel 1a über die Schlitze 12 in dem Druckzylinder 5 und den Spalt 10 zwischen dem oberen Abschnitt 5b des Druckzylinders 5 und den oberen Abschnitt 7b des Kolbens 7 sowie die Nuten 27 am oberen Druckzylinderrand in den Raum 22 strömt. Der vorbeschriebene Weg der Restluft aus dem Innenbeutel bis in den Druckscklauch ist in Fig. 4 mit Hilfe von Pfeilen dargestellt. Ist sämtliche Restluft abgesaugt, wird die Vakuumpumpe ausgeschaltet und die Saugkappe wird wieder abgenommen. Da in dem Raum 22 nun kein Unterdruck mehr herrscht, dichtet die Dichtungsscheibe 19 den Kolben wieder gegenüber dem Druckzylinder ab.The residual air is sucked off by means of a vacuum pump, not shown, the has a trained in the manner of a cap suction device 28, at the the pressure hose 29 of the vacuum pump is connected. The suction cap is sealing on the upper housing part 3 of the housing body 2 of the Dispensing device mounted, wherein the opening 24 of the housing part 3 within the suction cap is located. For this purpose, the cap 30 does not need to be removed become. Then the vacuum pump is switched on. As a result of the Underpressure loses the gasket 19 its sealing effect against the Piston 5, so that the residual air from the inner bag 1a through the slots 12 in the Pressure cylinder 5 and the gap 10 between the upper portion 5 b of Pressure cylinder 5 and the upper portion 7b of the piston 7 and the grooves 27th flows in the space 22 at the upper pressure cylinder edge. The way described above the residual air from the inner bag to the pressure hose is in Fig. 4 with the help represented by arrows. When all the residual air has been sucked off, the vacuum pump becomes switched off and the suction cap is removed again. Because in the room 22 now no negative pressure prevails, seals the gasket 19, the piston again against the impression cylinder.

Prinzipiell ist es auch möglich, die Restluft abzusaugen, wenn sich der Kolben nicht in der vorgeschobenen Position befindet. Eine Abdichtung des Gehäusekörpers kann dann aber nicht dadurch erreicht werden, daß sich der obere Rand des unteren Gehäuseteils an dem oberen Gehäuseteil abstützt. Die zylindrischen Abschnitte 3a ,4a des unteren und oberen Gehäuseteils können hierzu aber beispielsweise mittels einer Ringdichtung gegeneinander abgedichtet werden, die in eine Ringnut des oberen Gehäuseteils 4 eingesetzt ist.In principle, it is also possible to suck the residual air when the piston not in the advanced position. A seal of the Housing body can then not be achieved by the fact that the upper Edge of the lower housing part supported on the upper housing part. The cylindrical portions 3a, 4a of the lower and upper housing part can but this sealed for example by means of a ring seal against each other be inserted into an annular groove of the upper housing part 4.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine Teilansicht einer alternativen Ausführungsform des Druckzylinders 5' mit dem Kolben 7' im Bereich der Erweiterung 13'. Der Kolben 7'stützt sich bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel mit seiner Dichtlippe 11' an einem nach innen vorspringenden Absatz 31 des Druckzylinders unterhalb der Erweiterung 13' ab, so daß die Druckkammer 6 unabhängig von der Position des Kugelventils 8 verschlossen ist. Der Absatz 31 bildet auch einen vorderen Anschlag für den Kolben, der sich dadurch bei der Montage besonders einfach an dem Steigrohr befestigen läßt.6 shows a partial view of an alternative embodiment of the invention Pressure cylinder 5 'with the piston 7' in the region of the extension 13 '. Of the Piston 7 'is supported in this embodiment with its sealing lip 11' on an inwardly projecting shoulder 31 of the impression cylinder below the Extension 13 'from, so that the pressure chamber 6, regardless of the position of the Ball valve 8 is closed. The paragraph 31 also forms a front Stopper for the piston, which makes this particularly easy to install attach the riser.

Claims (12)

  1. Device for dispensing fluids from a sealed supply container, having a housing body (2) which can be fitted onto the supply container and which holds a pressure cylinder (5) able to be inserted in the supply container, in which pressure cylinder (5) is formed a pressure chamber (6) which is bounded at the top end by a piston (7) guided in the pressure cylinder and at the bottom end by a valve (8) which operates relative to the supply container and which closes if there is a pressure above atmospheric in the pressure chamber and closes if there is a pressure below, the piston having a pumping duct (14) connected to the pressure chamber and the pressure cylinder having, above the pressure chamber, at least one opening (12) for sucking out residual air present in the supply container,
    characterised in that,
    a through-way (10) for the residual air to be sucked out is formed, above the at least one opening (12), between the outer wall of the piston (7) and the inner wall of the pressure cylinder (5), and
    means (20) are provided for closing off the through-way which are of a nature such that residual air can be sucked out of the supply container when a pressure below atmospheric is applied through the through-way.
  2. Dispensing device according to claim 1, characterised in that the through-way (10) leads into a space (22) to which pressure below atmospheric is to be applied and which is formed in the housing body (2).
  3. Dispensing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the means for closing off the through-way (10) are in the form of a sealing disc (19), made in particular of polyethylene, having a circular aperture (20) in which the piston (7) is guided with a seal.
  4. Dispensing device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the through-way is a gap (10) which is provided between the outer wall of the piston (7) and the inner wall of the pressure cylinder (5).
  5. Dispensing device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the openings in the pressure cylinder (5) are circumferentially arranged slots (12).
  6. Dispensing device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the housing body (2) has a first housing part (3) having a cylindrical portion (3 a), and a second housing part (4) that is fitted onto the first housing part by a second cylindrical portion (4a), and in that the pressure cylinder (5) is fastened to the first housing part and a riser tube connected to the pumping passage (14) of the piston (7) is fastened to the second housing part, the two housing parts being able to be moved towards one another to operate the piston.
  7. Dispensing device according to claim 6, characterised in that the first and second housing parts (3, 4) are sealed off from one another, the space (22) to which pressure below atmospheric is to be applied being enclosed by the two housing parts.
  8. Dispensing device according to claim 7, characterised in that the first and second housing parts (3, 4) are sealed off from one another when the housing parts are pressed together and the piston (7) is slid forward into the pressure chamber (6).
  9. Dispensing device according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that an opening (24) is provided in the second housing part (3, 4).
  10. Dispensing device according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that , below the at least one opening (12), the piston (7) is sealed off in the pressure cylinder (5) only by a circumferential sealing lip (11) on the bottom end of the piston, the pressure cylinder (5) being widened in a region at the bottom end of the pressure chamber (6) in such a way that the sealing lip does not seal the piston off from the pressure cylinder in this region.
  11. Dispensing device according to claim 10, characterised in that the sealing lip (11) of the piston (7) seals off from the pressure cylinder (5) if the two housing parts (3, 4) are pressed together and the piston (7) is slid forward into the pressure chamber (6).
  12. Dispensing device according to claim 11, characterised in that , in the position where it is slid forward into the pressure chamber (6), the sealing lip (11) of the piston (7) is situated below the widening (13) at the bottom end of the pressure chamber.
EP01986625A 2000-10-10 2001-10-06 Fluid dispensing device Expired - Lifetime EP1324834B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10049898 2000-10-10
DE10049898A DE10049898C2 (en) 2000-10-10 2000-10-10 Dispenser for fluids
PCT/EP2001/011534 WO2002030577A1 (en) 2000-10-10 2001-10-06 Fluid dispensing device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1324834A1 EP1324834A1 (en) 2003-07-09
EP1324834B1 true EP1324834B1 (en) 2005-09-07

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ID=7659111

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01986625A Expired - Lifetime EP1324834B1 (en) 2000-10-10 2001-10-06 Fluid dispensing device

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US (1) US6666355B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1324834B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE303869T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002221656A1 (en)
DE (3) DE10049898C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2252318T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1057185A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002030577A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
ATE303869T1 (en) 2005-09-15
DE10049898C2 (en) 2002-10-02
AU2002221656A1 (en) 2002-04-22
DE10049898A1 (en) 2002-04-25
EP1324834A1 (en) 2003-07-09
US6666355B2 (en) 2003-12-23
HK1057185A1 (en) 2004-03-19
WO2002030577A1 (en) 2002-04-18
US20030183655A1 (en) 2003-10-02
DE20100429U1 (en) 2001-04-26
DE50107383D1 (en) 2005-10-13
ES2252318T3 (en) 2006-05-16

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