EP1323660B1 - Safety brake for elevator system - Google Patents
Safety brake for elevator system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1323660B1 EP1323660B1 EP02027158.1A EP02027158A EP1323660B1 EP 1323660 B1 EP1323660 B1 EP 1323660B1 EP 02027158 A EP02027158 A EP 02027158A EP 1323660 B1 EP1323660 B1 EP 1323660B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- force
- piston
- braking
- safety brake
- brake
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
- B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a safety brake for elevator systems according to the preamble of the first claim.
- a brake safety device for an elevator car is known in which a braking device acts on the guide rail of the elevator car.
- the braking force exerted by the braking device on the guide rail is controlled by a control device so that the deceleration values remain in a tolerable for the passengers measure.
- the braking device is actuated substantially hydraulically by means of a pressure pump and a pressure accumulator, wherein the braking force is adjusted via a control device engaging on a control valve.
- US 6193026 B1 and US 5353895 disclose a brake for an elevator system in which a prestressed spring is provided to a brake element against a guide rail of an elevator car to squeeze.
- a device is provided with which a counterforce acting counter to the force of the spring can be exerted on the brake element.
- This counterforce is generated hydraulically by generating a force on a piston by means of an electromagnet and transmitting this force to the brake element with a pressure medium in a pressure medium volume between the piston and the brake element, the pressure medium volume being shaped on the brake element in such a way that that the force thus transmitted counteracts the force of the spring.
- the piston is dimensioned such that the counterforce acting on the brake element is greater than the force exerted on the piston force.
- the pressure medium therefore has the function of a power amplifier for the forces acting on the piston.
- the construction of this brake is complicated, in particular with regard to the shape of the brake element and the housing which surrounds the brake element, since on the one hand the spring is coupled directly to the brake element and on the other hand a counterforce to the force of the spring must be hydraulically transmitted to the brake element.
- the efficiency of such a brake in operation is not optimal when the brake should be designed for large braking forces or when the brake should generate different levels of braking forces in different operating conditions. The latter would be the case if the brake is to be designed both for operation as a safety brake of an elevator car and for operation as a holding brake of the elevator car.
- the invention has for its object to provide a structurally simple, operable with high efficiency safety brake for elevator systems.
- this object is achieved by a safety brake having the features of the first claim.
- This safety brake comprises a braking device with one or more movable brake elements, each of which - applied with a braking force - can be brought into contact with a suitable reference surface in order to achieve a braking effect.
- actuating the braking device is understood below to mean a measure which generates a finite braking force or contributes to increasing the braking force.
- releasing the braking device is understood below to mean a measure which contributes to a reduction of the braking force.
- the braking force acting on a brake element is generated by a force acting on a movable piston being transmitted to the respective brake element with a pressure medium in a pressure medium volume between the piston and the brake elements, for example hydraulically.
- force which acts on a movable piston may also be understood below to mean the resultant of a plurality of partial forces which are generated independently of one another by different means and which act directly or indirectly on the piston.
- a device for generating a force acting on the piston, which comprises means for generating a first force acting on the piston for actuating the braking device and means for generating a second force acting on the piston, which counteracts the first force, includes.
- the force acting on the piston is therefore the resultant of all Partial forces related to the first and second forces.
- the first force In order for the first force to actuate the brake device, the first force must be directed with respect to the direction of movement of the piston in such a way that the piston acts compressively on the pressure medium.
- the second force is intended to counteract the first force and serves to release the brake device.
- a functional separation between "actuating the brake device” and “releasing the brake device” is realized. This is accomplished by generating the first and second forces independently by different means. This functional separation provides a starting point for optimizing the safety brake in terms of its efficiency, since the means for generating the first force and the means for generating the second force can be optimized independently.
- the piston is dimensioned such that the pressure means acts as a booster, i. the braking force acting on a brake element is greater than the force acting on the piston.
- the pressure means acts as a booster
- the braking force acting on a brake element is greater than the force acting on the piston.
- the advantages of the invention can be seen in the fact that, in order to produce the forces acting on the piston, means are available with which sufficiently large forces can be generated with a comparatively small expenditure of energy.
- energy storage for example on the basis of springs or permanent magnets.
- Such systems typically require little power during operation because they can store energy and only little energy is needed to control the conversion of the stored energy into mechanical work.
- a preloaded spring for example, even in the event of a power failure, a force can still be exerted on the piston.
- the state of stress of the spring can be controlled with simple means and low energy consumption, for example, with electromechanical means, the spring in current flow keep it taut and allow it to relax automatically in the event of a power failure.
- This principle is also transferable to other energy storage, for example, on permanent magnets which are arranged relative to each other movable at a distance such that they attract each other or repel.
- the piston is dimensioned so that the pressure medium acts as a booster, then energy accumulators, which interact with the piston, could be designed to be relatively small and the moving masses, for example the pistons, can also be made small. Under these conditions, the means used to release the braking device, such as electromagnets and / or power storage and / or lever systems can be designed to be relatively small. Furthermore, for example, components from vehicle technology can be adopted, which can be produced in large quantities and therefore cost. Reliability and safety are ensured, since the vehicle technology has similar demands on safety and reliability as in elevator technology.
- means for generating a force acting on the piston force to actuate the braking device may be designed so that different braking forces are generated depending on the situation under different circumstances.
- a means for generating a third force which acts in addition to the first force on the piston is provided.
- a variation of the braking force can be controlled by selectively transmitting the third force generating means with a predetermined force or no force to the piston. This is feasible by a controlled establishment or release of a mechanical connection between the means for generating the third force and the piston.
- braking forces of different magnitude can also be realized, for example, with a plurality of prestressable springs whose effects are combined with each other by combining one or more preloaded springs alone or in combination in parallel and / or serial arrangement with the Pistons are brought.
- An advantage of this concept is that a control over which of the springs is brought into connection with the piston, can be made possible with simple means and low energy consumption.
- the relaxation of a spring with movable mechanical means such as lever elements and devices that control the instantaneous orientation of the lever elements, initiated or blocked and thus controlled.
- the lever elements be formed reinforcing force.
- the orientation of the lever elements can be controlled electromechanically, for example with springs and electromagnets, such that automatically the operation of the braking device is triggered in the event of a power failure.
- Another variant for the embodiment of the inventive safety brake as an integrated holding and safety brake is based on the use of an additional (second) movable piston.
- two pistons can alternatively and independently be acted upon by one or more forces.
- the action of one of the pistons can be controlled controlled on the pressure medium. This can be achieved by means of a valve which, in the closed state, separates a piston from the part of the pressure medium which acts on the brake elements to generate the braking force, so that the respective braking force can be influenced exclusively by the other piston.
- a controllable blocking means is provided, with which a movement of a piston during a controllable period in a predetermined position can be blocked, wherein blocking of the movement by means of a control signal can be canceled.
- a blocking means may serve a movable mechanical means, such as an electromechanically actuated lever or bolt.
- both pistons By a suitable dimensioning of the pistons and a suitable timing of the forces acting on the individual piston forces of different sizes can be generated with the same braking device in this way.
- FIG. 1 and Fig. 2 an elevator shaft 1 with a movable along guide rails 2 elevator car 3 is shown.
- the elevator car is in a support frame 4, which consists of an upper yoke 5, side plates 6 and a not shown lower yoke.
- brake devices 7 are arranged, which enclose a free leg 8 of the guide rails 2 by means of a recess 9.
- the free leg 8 may be coated according to the engagement of the braking device and to improve the braking behavior.
- the braking device 7 can be attached to the upper yoke 5 as shown, but it is also possible, for example, to attach it to the lower yoke or both.
- the braking device is supplied via a pressure medium device 10 and pressure medium lines 11a and 11b with pressure medium.
- a first and a second pressure medium line 11a and 11b are used and the two brake devices 7 are addressed by two pressure medium lines in each case.
- the braking devices are designed so that in case of failure of the pressure medium lines 11a or 11b, the elevator car 3 can still be stopped safely by means of the remaining pressure medium line.
- a control device 12 suitably an electronic control, via the pressure means device 10 and the Pressure medium lines 11a, 11b supplied amount of pressure medium can be adjusted.
- the pressure medium device 10 is designed so that in case of failure of the control device 12 or other disorders, the elevator car is stopped.
- Fig. 3 Another possibility for the arrangement of the braking device 7 is shown.
- the braking device 7 acts directly on an elevator motor 13, which drives the elevator via a shaft 14 and not shown means such as ropes.
- the braking device 7 engages via the recess 9 on a brake disk 15 which is connected via the shaft 14 to the elevator drive 13 and the elevator motor brakes and optionally stops when the brake device is actuated.
- Fig. 4 the braking device 7 is shown schematically in cross section.
- a brake cylinder 16 a with a cylinder chamber 17 and a piston 18 is arranged.
- a brake element 19 in the form of a brake plate or a brake lining is arranged on the brake disk 15 or the free leg 8 side facing.
- Other known per se elements such as seals, etc. are not shown.
- the braking device 7 after Fig. 4 includes a further brake cylinder 16b, which is constructed according to the brake cylinder 16a.
- the brake cylinder 16b is now supplied with pressure medium via the pressure medium line 11a of the brake cylinder 16a and the pressure medium line 11b, then the pistons 18 and thus the brake elements 19 with a defined braking force against the brake disk 15 or the free one are pressed by the pressure medium pressed into the cylinder space 17 Leg 8 pressed and it created by friction, a braking effect.
- a braking device 7 In this example, only one brake cylinder 16 a is arranged in the brake device 7. On the opposite side, a brake element 19a is directly connected to the supporting structure of the brake device 7, a so-called outer shoe brake is formed. The braking device 7 is slidably suspended by means not shown. If pressure medium is now pressed into the cylinder space 17 via the pressure medium line 11a, then the piston 18 is moved until the brake elements 19 contact the brake disk 15 or the free leg 8.
- the brake device 7 Due to the effect of the braking force exerted by the brake member 19 on the brake disc 15 and the free leg, the brake device 7 is displaced in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the piston 18 until the brake member 19a also touches the brake disc 15 or the free leg 8. When releasing the brake, the braking device 7 is released again because of their movable arrangement.
- FIG. 6 an embodiment of the inventive safety brake with a variant of the pressure means device 10 is shown schematically.
- a master cylinder 20 is connected to a reservoir 21 which supplies the master cylinder 20 with pressure medium and compensates for any losses of pressure medium.
- a piston 22a is actuated in the master cylinder 20, which presses in a movement of the piston rod 22 in the direction of the master cylinder 20 pressure medium in the leading from the master cylinder 20 pressure medium lines 11a and 11b.
- the cylinder chamber 17 and the interior of the master cylinder 20 and the Pressure medium lines 11a and 11b define a pressure medium volume that is filled with the pressure medium.
- an electromagnetic attraction device 23 is arranged, whose operation is known for example from speakers.
- a plate 26 is fixedly fixed, on which a spring 27 surrounding the piston rod is supported.
- the spring 27 is supported on the outside of the electromagnetic attraction device 23, which is arranged stationary with respect to the master cylinder 21.
- the spring 27 is compressed in its longitudinal direction compared to its relaxed state and exerts a force F1 on the plate 26 and thus on the piston 22a.
- F1 the force required to press the piston rod 22 in the direction of the master cylinder 20 and pressure medium in the leading from the master cylinder 20 pressure medium lines 11a and 11b pressed.
- the pistons 18 are then moved toward the brake disk 15 or the free leg 8 and the brake elements 19 - acted upon by the braking force - pressed against the brake disk 15 or the free leg 8 to decelerate the elevator car.
- the area of the piston 22a acting on the pressure medium in the master brake cylinder 20 is dimensioned such that the braking force acting on one of the brake elements 19 is greater than the force F1.
- the electromagnetic tightening device 23 comprises an electromagnet with a coil 25 and an armature 24, which is attached to the end remote from the master cylinder 20 and along the central axis of the coil 25 together with the piston rod 22 is movable.
- a Current flow through the coil 25 are directed such that on the armature 24 and thus on the piston rod 22, a counterforce F2 to the force F1 of the spring 27 acts to move the piston rod 22 in the direction of the electromagnetic attraction device 23.
- the current flow through the coil 25 is effected in response to signals from the control device 12. By controlling the current flowing through the coil 25 thus the braking device 7 can be solved.
- the coil 25 does not generate any electromagnetic force on the armature 24 and the piston rod 22 is pressed by the spring force F1 in the direction of the master cylinder 20. As a result, the braking device 7 is actuated. Thus, in case of accidents at any time a safe deceleration of the elevator car is guaranteed.
- the spring 27 can also be replaced by another power storage, this under the condition that it is ensured in case of failure that the braking force is exerted by the energy storage on the master cylinder.
- an acceleration sensor not shown, can be arranged, which cooperates with the control device 12. This allows the control device 12 to set the braking force so that no high, unpleasant for the users of the elevator car accelerations occur.
- FIGS. 7 and 8th show by way of example how an integrated holding and catching brake can be realized within the scope of the invention.
- Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the safety brake, which is operable as an integrated holding and catch brake.
- the safety brake according to Fig. 7 differs from the safety brake according to Fig. 6 merely a few additional components which introduce additional functionality: a spring 40 which extends like the spring 27 in the longitudinal direction of the piston rod 22 and is supported between the electromagnetic attraction device 23 and a movable plate 41; a two-armed lever 45 which is rotatably supported about a pivot 46; an electromagnet 49 with which an electromagnetic force can be exerted on one end of the lever 45; a spring 47, with the one end of the lever 45 - as indicated by an arrow - another force can be exercised.
- a spring 40 which extends like the spring 27 in the longitudinal direction of the piston rod 22 and is supported between the electromagnetic attraction device 23 and a movable plate 41
- a two-armed lever 45 which is rotatably supported about a pivot 46
- an electromagnet 49 with which an electromagnetic force can be exerted on one end of the lever 45
- the spring 40 is in the arrangement according to Fig. 7 compressed in its longitudinal direction and exerts on the plate 41 a force F3 in the direction of the master cylinder 20 (as indicated by the in Fig. 7 indicated arrow indicated). Under the action of the force F3, the plate 41 would be accelerated toward the master cylinder 20 unless prevented from doing so by additional measures.
- the lever 45 is controlled by means of the electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnetic force 49 against the action of the force of the spring 47 within a limited angular range rotatable about the pivot point 46 and stably stable in at least two extreme angular positions.
- One of these extreme positions of the lever 45 is in Fig. 7
- the solenoid 49 is activated, ie supplied with power, and the solenoid 47 near the end of the lever 45 held such that the other end of the lever 45 is in contact with the plate 41 and the plate 41 - against the action of the force F3 of the spring 40 - in a stable position at a distance from the plate 26 holds.
- the spring 40 and the plate 41 is aligned with respect to the spring 27 and the plate 26, that the braking device 7 by means of the forces F1 and F2, mediated by the spring 27 and the electromagnetic attraction device 23, can be actuated.
- the other extreme stable angular position which can assume the lever 45, is characterized in that the electromagnet 49 is de-energized and the lever 45 assumes a certain position of the spring 47 equilibrium position.
- this equilibrium position is determined by a suitable choice of the bias of the spring 47 so that the lever 47 does not touch the plate 41 or the plate 41 is unable to hold against the action of the force F3 of the spring 40 in a stable position. Consequently, the plate 41 is released and moved in the direction of the master cylinder 20.
- the lengths of the springs 27 and 40 are matched to one another and the plates 26 and 41 are shaped such that the spring 40 expands in the direction of the master cylinder 20 until the plate 41 is finally blocked by the plate 26. In this position, the forces F1 and F3 of the springs 27 and 40 additively act on the piston 22a in the master cylinder 20.
- the control device 12 is designed such that the electromagnet 49 and the electromagnetic attraction device 23 can be controlled independently of each other, such that the currents of the electromagnet 49 and the coil 25 flowing through currents to predetermined values be managed.
- the time course of these currents it can thus be achieved that the piston 22a is acted on by the force F1 or by the resultant of the forces F1 and F3, provided that the coil 25 is de-energized and thus the force F2 is equal to zero.
- By a suitable choice of the current intensity of the coil 25 flowing through the current generated by the springs 27 and 40 forces can be compensated in whole or in part.
- an integrated holding and catch brake can be realized by the springs 27 and 40 are dimensioned appropriately.
- the spring constant and the bias of the spring 27 is selected so that by the action of the force F1 on the piston 22a for the operation as, holding brake desired braking force is transmitted to the brake elements 19.
- the spring constant and the bias of the spring 40 is selected so that by the action of forces F1 and F3 on the piston 22a the desired braking force for operation as a safety brake is transmitted to the brake elements 19.
- An integrated holding and safety brake based on the safety brake according to Fig. 7 is designed so that in a general power failure, the operation is activated as a safety brake, under this condition, the force F2 is equal to 0 and also the lever 45 is oriented so that the expansion of the spring 40 is enforced in the longitudinal direction.
- the plate 41 To the safety brake according to Fig. 7 to operate again as a holding brake after operation as a safety brake, the plate 41 must against the force F3 of the spring 40 of the plate 26th are removed, so that only the forces F1 and F2 act on the piston 22a and the spring 40 without influence on the piston 22a. To achieve this is one in the Fig. 7 not shown device provided - the plate 41 is activated in such a stable position - activated by signals of the control device 12, in which they from the lever 45 after a suitable activation of the electromagnet 49 and a corresponding orientation of the lever 45 at a distance to the plate 26th can be held.
- Such a device can also be dispensed with, since under realistic conditions during the operation of an elevator relatively few situations occur in which the function of a safety brake must be activated. It is therefore acceptable to have the resetting of the safety brake in service as a holding brake by service personnel.
- the spring 40 is according to Fig. 7 dimensioned so that it surrounds the spring 27 without touching it.
- the spring 40 is guided around the piston rod 22 like the spring 27.
- the plate 41 has - as in Fig. 7 is indicated - a central opening through which the piston rod 22 and the spring 27 are movable.
- the springs 27 and 40 could also be arranged side by side without one of the springs surrounding the other.
- the means for coupling the springs to the piston rod 22 - i. the plates 26 and 41 - could be replaced by other variants with the same function.
- Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of the safety brake, which is operable as an integrated holding and catch brake.
- the safety brake according to Fig. 8 differs from the safety brake according to Fig. 6 through some additional components that add extra functionality.
- the safety brake includes in addition to the already associated with Fig. 6 described piston 22a another piston 55a, which is in the master cylinder 20 with the pressure medium in interaction and is arranged on a movable piston rod 55 in its longitudinal direction.
- the the master cylinder 20 remote from the end of the piston rod 55 is connected via a spring 60 with a (in Fig. 8 connected by a vertical line), wherein the spring 60 is biased such that the spring 60 acts on the piston rod 55 with a force F3, which is directed along the piston rod 55 in the direction of the master cylinder 20.
- the safety brake according to Fig. 8 has with the springs 27 and 60 thus two means for generating a force which can be used independently to increase the pressure in the pressure medium volume and thus to produce a force acting on one of the brake elements 19 braking force.
- a partial region of the pressure medium volume is delimited by means of a chamber 50 in the environment of the piston 22a.
- the chamber 50 has an opening 50a which can be opened or tightly closed by means of an electromagnetically actuatable valve 51.
- the valve 51 comprises a closing flap 53 and an electromagnet 52 interacting electromagnetically with the closing flap 53 for opening or closing the opening 50a.
- an electromagnetic advancing device 65 is provided which, as in FIG Fig. 8 indicated by an arrow - is in communication with the control device 12.
- the electromagnetic propulsion device 65 includes, inter alia, an electromagnet 65 which acts electromagnetically on the piston rod 55 to exert on this a force F4, which counteracts the force F3. If necessary, the electromagnet 65 can be supplied with power to compensate for the effect of the force F3 in whole or in part.
- a two-armed blocking lever 70 is provided which is rotatably mounted about a pivot point 71.
- One end of the blocking lever 70 is coupled to a spring 82 which is held stationary at the end remote from the blocking lever 70 (by means not shown).
- the blocking lever 70 can be pivoted about the pivot point 71 with the aid of an electromagnet 81 over an angular range between two stable extreme positions.
- Fig. 8 One of these extreme locations is in Fig. 8 is shown and is taken when the solenoid 81 is supplied with a predetermined minimum amount of power. Under this condition, the blocking lever 70 is deflected such that one of its ends engages in a groove 69 on the blocking lever 70, wherein the blocking lever 55 is arranged so that the piston rod 55 is fixed in a stable position despite the action of force F3. The force F3 is then absorbed by the blocking lever 70 or its bearing.
- the safety brake according to Fig. 8 can be operated as a holding brake and as a safety brake as follows.
- the Fig. 8 shows the safety brake in a characteristic of the operation as a holding brake state: the opening 50a is open; the solenoid 81 is energized and thus the piston rod 55 is locked in a stable position.
- the piston 55a is immobile and without influence on the pressure in the pressure medium.
- the electromagnet 66 can be de-energized because the forces F4 and F3 are without influence on the size of the braking forces acting on the brake elements 19.
- the pressure in the pressure medium volume - controlled by the control device 12 - can be controlled with the piston 22a in response to the forces F1 and F2. Accordingly, the operation of the safety brake in this state corresponds to the operation of the in Fig. 6 illustrated safety brake.
- valve 51 closes the opening 50a and the braking forces acting on the brake elements 19 are determined by the magnitude of the force F3, if the electromagnet 66 is de-energized, or the magnitude of the forces F3 and F4, if the electromagnet 66 of a Electricity is flowing through.
- the safety brake according to Fig. 8 could also be operated without the locking lever as an integrated holding and catch brake. However, then the size of the force F4 would have to be regulated accordingly to partially compensate for the force F3 in operation as a holding brake. This mode of operation is less efficient in terms of efficiency, since the electromagnet 66 would have to be constantly powered, although during operation of an elevator relatively rarely occur situations that require the operation of the safety brake.
- the operation of the blocking lever 70 can be very efficient, since the two arms of the Blocking lever 70 can be dimensioned so that an exerted by the solenoid 81 on an arm of the blocking lever 70 force is amplified by any factor.
- the propulsion device 65 can also be dispensed with.
- the safety brake could still be used as a safety brake, the resetting of the safety brake in the operation as a holding brake can also be made by the intervention of service personnel.
- the safety brake according to Fig. 8 is designed so that it is automatically switched to the operation as a safety brake in the event of a general power failure. In this case, the piston rod 55 would no longer be blocked by the blocking lever 70 and the solenoid 66 de-energized, ie F4 equal to zero.
- the pressure medium lines can also respond in each case only one braking device.
- the springs need not be biased to pressure. You could also be biased on train. In the latter case, their support to stationary or movable parts of the safety brake would have to be suitably modified differently from the illustrated examples.
- Fig. 6 the pressure medium lines 11a and 11b are shown in dashed lines in pieces, to indicate that these lines can be performed along any routes.
- Fig. 6 Further developed device to a more compact form, it would also be conceivable to one to dispense with spatial separation between the master cylinder 20 and the brake device 7. Such a configuration could be realized without special pressure medium lines between the master cylinder 20 and the brake cylinders 16a and 16b.
- the master brake cylinder 20 and the brake device 7 are connected to a particularly compact unit when the pressure medium volume between the piston 18 and the piston 22a and 55a is designed so that it does not form a plurality of separate, interconnected only through openings chambers is divided. In this way, it is possible to form the safety brake so compact that all components of the safety brake including the pressure means device 10 can be arranged on the elevator car 3, if necessary even directly next to the brake elements 19, 19a.
- the control device 12 can be integrated into the control of the elevator installation and be arranged stationary at a suitable place in the elevator installation. But it is also possible to realize the functions of the control device 12 by means of a separate device which is arranged on the elevator car. It is conceivable, for example, to form the control device 12 as an electronic circuit fixed to the car. This circuit may have a communication link to the elevator control, for example, to send and / or receive control signals and / or send and / or receive status information regarding the elevator installation and / or the safety brake.
- safety brake springs and electromagnets could of course be replaced by other means of generating a force.
- these means should be controllable to allow the operation or release of the safety brake at predetermined times and, if necessary, to adapt the size of the force to be generated to the respective requirements.
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Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Sicherheitsbremse für Aufzugsanlagen nach dem Oberbegriff des ersten Anspruches. Aus der
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine konstruktiv einfache, mit hohem Wirkungsgrad betreibbare Sicherheitsbremse für Aufzugsanlagen zu schaffen.The invention has for its object to provide a structurally simple, operable with high efficiency safety brake for elevator systems.
Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch eine Sicherheitsbremse, die die Merkmale des ersten Anspruches aufweist.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a safety brake having the features of the first claim.
Diese Sicherheitsbremse umfasst eine Bremseinrichtung mit einem oder mehreren bewegbaren Bremselementen, die jeweils - mit einer Bremskraft beaufschlagt - mit einer geeigneten Referenzfläche in Kontakt gebracht werden können, um eine Bremswirkung zu erzielen. Unter "Betätigen der Bremseinrichtung" wird im Folgenden eine Massnahme verstanden, die eine endliche Bremskraft erzeugt oder zur Erhöhung der Bremskraft beiträgt. Unter "Lösen der Bremseinrichtung" wird im Folgenden eine Massnahme verstanden, die zu einer Reduktion der Bremskraft beiträgt.This safety brake comprises a braking device with one or more movable brake elements, each of which - applied with a braking force - can be brought into contact with a suitable reference surface in order to achieve a braking effect. The term "actuating the braking device" is understood below to mean a measure which generates a finite braking force or contributes to increasing the braking force. The term "releasing the braking device" is understood below to mean a measure which contributes to a reduction of the braking force.
Die auf ein Bremselement wirkende Bremskraft wird dadurch erzeugt, dass eine Kraft, die auf einen bewegbaren Kolben wirkt, mit einem Druckmittel in einem Druckmittel-Volumen zwischen dem Kolben und den Bremselementen auf das jeweilige Bremselement übertragen wird, beispielsweise hydraulisch. Unter dem Begriff "Kraft, die auf einen bewegbaren Kolben wirkt", kann im Folgenden auch die Resultierende aus mehreren Teilkräften, die mit verschiedenen Mitteln unabhängig voneinander erzeugt werden und mittelbar oder unmittelbar auf den Kolben wirken, verstanden werden.The braking force acting on a brake element is generated by a force acting on a movable piston being transmitted to the respective brake element with a pressure medium in a pressure medium volume between the piston and the brake elements, for example hydraulically. The term "force which acts on a movable piston" may also be understood below to mean the resultant of a plurality of partial forces which are generated independently of one another by different means and which act directly or indirectly on the piston.
Gemäss der Erfindung ist zur Erzeugung einer auf den Kolben wirkenden Kraft eine Vorrichtung vorgesehen, welche ein Mittel zur Erzeugung einer auf den Kolben wirkenden ersten Kraft zum Betätigen der Bremseinrichtung und Mittel zur Erzeugung einer auf den Kolben wirkenden zweiten Kraft, welche der ersten Kraft entgegenwirkt, umfasst. Die auf den Kolben wirkende Kraft ist demnach die Resultierende aus allen Teilkräften, die mit der ersten und der zweiten Kraft in Zusammenhang stehen. Damit die erste Kraft eine Betätigung der Bremseinrichtung bewirkt, muss die erste Kraft derart bezüglich der Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens gerichtet sein, dass der Kolben komprimierend auf das Druckmittel wirkt. Die zweite Kraft soll der ersten Kraft entgegenwirken und dient dem Lösen der Bremseinrichtung. Sie muss zu diesem Zweck derart bezüglich der Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens gerichtet sein, dass eine Kompression des Druckmittels reduziert bzw. der Druck des Druckmittels vermindert wird. Ob die Bremseinrichtung betätigt wird bzw. die Grösse der auf ein Bremselement wirkenden Bremskraft hängt demnach davon ab, in welchem Masse die zweite Kraft die Wirkung der ersten Kraft kompensiert.According to the invention, a device is provided for generating a force acting on the piston, which comprises means for generating a first force acting on the piston for actuating the braking device and means for generating a second force acting on the piston, which counteracts the first force, includes. The force acting on the piston is therefore the resultant of all Partial forces related to the first and second forces. In order for the first force to actuate the brake device, the first force must be directed with respect to the direction of movement of the piston in such a way that the piston acts compressively on the pressure medium. The second force is intended to counteract the first force and serves to release the brake device. It must be directed for this purpose so with respect to the direction of movement of the piston, that a compression of the pressure medium is reduced or the pressure of the pressure medium is reduced. Whether the braking device is actuated or the size of the braking force acting on a brake element thus depends on the extent to which the second force compensates for the effect of the first force.
Da die beiden gegeneinander gerichteten Kräfte zum Betätigen und/oder zum Lösen der Bremseinrichtung nicht direkt am Bremselement angreifen, sondern über das Druckmittel auf das Bremselement übertragen werden, ist die Konstruktion des Bremselements und der an das Bremselement angrenzenden Komponenten hinsichtlich der Formgebung relativ einfach.Since the two mutually opposing forces for actuating and / or releasing the brake device do not directly act on the brake element but are transmitted to the brake element via the pressure medium, the construction of the brake element and the components adjacent to the brake element are relatively simple in terms of shaping.
Bei der erfindungsgemässen Sicherheitsbremse ist eine funktionelle Trennung zwischen dem "Betätigen der Bremseinrichtung" und dem "Lösen der Bremseinrichtung" realisiert. Dies ist dadurch erreicht, dass die erste und die zweite Kraft unabhängig voneinander durch verschiedene Mittel erzeugt werden. Diese funktionelle Trennung bietet einen Ansatzpunkt für eine Optimierung der Sicherheitsbremse im Hinblick auf ihren Wirkungsgrad, da die Mittel zur Erzeugung der ersten Kraft und die Mittel zur Erzeugung der zweiten Kraft unabhängig voneinander optimiert werden können.In the case of the safety brake according to the invention, a functional separation between "actuating the brake device" and "releasing the brake device" is realized. This is accomplished by generating the first and second forces independently by different means. This functional separation provides a starting point for optimizing the safety brake in terms of its efficiency, since the means for generating the first force and the means for generating the second force can be optimized independently.
In einer Ausführungsform der Sicherheitsbremse ist der Kolben so dimensioniert, dass das Druckmittel wie ein Kraftverstärker wirkt, d.h. dass die auf ein Bremselement wirkende Bremskraft grösser ist als die auf den Kolben wirkende Kraft. Eine solche Sicherheitsbremse hat den Vorteil, dass sowohl die der Betätigung der Bremseinrichtung dienende erste Kraft als auch die dem Lösen der Bremseinrichtung dienende zweite Kraft verstärkt werden, da beide Kräfte an demselben Kolben angreifen und die Resultierende beider Kräfte die Grösse der Bremskraft bestimmt. Je grösser die Kraftverstärkung durch das Druckmittel ist, umso kleiner kann damit die erste Kraft gewählt werden, um eine vorgegebene maximale Bremskraft zu erzielen, und umso kleiner kann die zweite Kraft gewählt werden, um die Bremseinrichtung zu lösen. Dieser Zusammenhang kann genutzt werden, um den Wirkungsgrad der Sicherheitsbremse zu optimieren.In one embodiment of the safety brake, the piston is dimensioned such that the pressure means acts as a booster, i. the braking force acting on a brake element is greater than the force acting on the piston. Such a safety brake has the advantage that both the first force acting on the brake device and the second force serving to release the brake device are amplified, since both forces act on the same piston and the resultant of both forces determines the magnitude of the braking force. The greater the force amplification by the pressure medium, the smaller the first force can be chosen to achieve a predetermined maximum braking force, and the smaller the second force can be selected to release the braking device. This relationship can be used to optimize the efficiency of the safety brake.
Die Vorteile der Erfindung sind unter anderem darin zu sehen, dass zur Erzeugung der auf den Kolben wirkenden Kräfte Mittel zur Verfügung stehen, mit denen hinreichend grosse Kräfte mit einem verhältnismässig geringen Energieaufwand erzeugt werden können. So können Kraftspeicher, beispielsweise auf der Basis von Federn oder Permanentmagneten, eingesetzt werden. Solche Systeme benötigen im Betrieb in der Regel nur wenig Energie, da sie Energie speichern können und nur wenig Energie benötigt wird, um die Umsetzung der gespeicherten Energie in mechanische Arbeit zu kontrollieren. Mit einer vorgespannten Feder kann beispielsweise selbst bei einem Stromausfall noch eine Kraft auf den Kolben ausgeübt werden. Dabei kann der Spannungszustand der Feder mit einfachen Mitteln und geringem Energieaufwand kontrolliert werden, beispielsweise mit elektromechanischen Mitteln, die die Feder bei Stromfluss gespannt halten und deren Entspannung bei einem Stromausfall automatisch ermöglichen. Dieses Prinzip ist auch auf andere Kraftspeicher übertragbar, beispielsweise auf Permanentmagnete, die relativ zueinander beweglich in einem Abstand derart angeordnet sind, dass sie sich gegenseitig anziehen oder abstossen.Among other things, the advantages of the invention can be seen in the fact that, in order to produce the forces acting on the piston, means are available with which sufficiently large forces can be generated with a comparatively small expenditure of energy. Thus, energy storage, for example on the basis of springs or permanent magnets, can be used. Such systems typically require little power during operation because they can store energy and only little energy is needed to control the conversion of the stored energy into mechanical work. With a preloaded spring, for example, even in the event of a power failure, a force can still be exerted on the piston. In this case, the state of stress of the spring can be controlled with simple means and low energy consumption, for example, with electromechanical means, the spring in current flow keep it taut and allow it to relax automatically in the event of a power failure. This principle is also transferable to other energy storage, for example, on permanent magnets which are arranged relative to each other movable at a distance such that they attract each other or repel.
Ist der Kolben so dimensioniert, dass das Druckmittel wie ein Kraftverstärker wirkt, dann könnten Kraftspeicher, die mit dem Kolben zusammenwirken, verhältnismässig klein ausgelegt werden und die bewegten Massen, beispielsweise die Kolben, können ebenfalls klein ausgelegt werden. Unter diesen Bedingungen können auch die zum Lösen der Bremseinrichtung verwendbaren Mittel, beispielsweise Elektromagnete und/oder Kraftspeicher und/oder Hebelsysteme, verhältnismässig klein ausgelegt werden. Weiterhin können beispielsweise Komponenten aus der Fahrzeugtechnik übernommen werden, die in grossen Stückzahlen und deshalb kostengünstig hergestellt werden können. Dabei ist die Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit gewährleistet, da in der Fahrzeugtechnik ähnlich hohe Anforderungen an die Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit gestellt werden wie bei der Aufzugstechnik.If the piston is dimensioned so that the pressure medium acts as a booster, then energy accumulators, which interact with the piston, could be designed to be relatively small and the moving masses, for example the pistons, can also be made small. Under these conditions, the means used to release the braking device, such as electromagnets and / or power storage and / or lever systems can be designed to be relatively small. Furthermore, for example, components from vehicle technology can be adopted, which can be produced in large quantities and therefore cost. Reliability and safety are ensured, since the vehicle technology has similar demands on safety and reliability as in elevator technology.
Im Rahmen dieses Konzepts ist es möglich, die Funktion einer Haltebremse und die Funktion einer Fangbremse einer Aufzugsanlage in einer einzigen Sicherheitsbremse zu integrieren. Fang- bzw. Haltebremse sind ihrer Funktion entsprechend für unterschiedlich grosse Lasten ausgelegt. Die Fangbremse einer Aufzugskabine muss eine wesentlich grössere Masse abbremsen bzw. halten als eine entsprechende Haltebremse. Mit der erfindungsgemässen Sicherheitsbremse können auf verschiedene Weise unterschiedlich grosse Bremskräfte realisiert werden.In the context of this concept, it is possible to integrate the function of a holding brake and the function of a safety brake of a lift installation in a single safety brake. Catch or holding brake are designed according to their function for different sized loads. The safety brake of an elevator car must brake or hold a considerably larger mass than a corresponding holding brake. With the safety brake according to the invention, braking forces of different magnitude can be realized in various ways.
Ausgehend von einem Hauptbremszylinder mit einem bewegbaren Kolben können beispielsweise Mittel zur Erzeugung einer auf den Kolben wirkenden Kraft zum Betätigen der Bremseinrichtung so ausgebildet sein, dass situationsbedingt gesteuert verschieden grosse Bremskräfte erzeugt werden.Starting from a master brake cylinder with a movable piston, for example, means for generating a force acting on the piston force to actuate the braking device may be designed so that different braking forces are generated depending on the situation under different circumstances.
In einer Fortbildung der Sicherheitsbremse ist ein Mittel zur Erzeugung einer dritten Kraft, welche additiv zur ersten Kraft auf den Kolben wirkt, vorgesehen. Eine Variation der Bremskraft kann gesteuert dadurch erreicht werden, dass das Mittel zur Erzeugung der dritten Kraft wahlweise eine vorgegebene Kraft oder keine Kraft auf den Kolben überträgt. Dies ist realisierbar durch ein gesteuertes Herstellen oder Aufheben einer mechanischen Verbindung zwischen dem Mittel zur Erzeugung der dritten Kraft und dem Kolben.In a further development of the safety brake, a means for generating a third force which acts in addition to the first force on the piston is provided. A variation of the braking force can be controlled by selectively transmitting the third force generating means with a predetermined force or no force to the piston. This is feasible by a controlled establishment or release of a mechanical connection between the means for generating the third force and the piston.
Im Rahmen dieses Konzepts können verschieden grosse Bremskräfte beispielweise auch mit einer Mehrzahl von vorspannbaren Federn realisiert werden, deren Wirkungen miteinander kombiniert werden, indem je nach Bedarf ein oder mehrere vorgespannte Federn allein oder miteinander kombiniert in paralleler und/oder serieller Anordnung in eine Verbindung mit dem Kolben gebracht werden. Vorteilhaft an diesem Konzept ist, dass eine Kontrolle darüber, welche der Federn in eine Verbindung mit dem Kolben gebracht wird, mit einfachen Mitteln und einem geringen Energieverbrauch ermöglicht werden kann. Beispielsweise kann die Entspannung einer Feder mit bewegbaren mechanischen Mitteln, beispielsweise Hebelelementen und Vorrichtungen, die die momentane Ausrichtung der Hebelelemente kontrollieren, initiiert oder blockiert und somit kontrolliert werden. Zur Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades können die Hebelelemente kraftverstärkend ausgebildet sein. Die Ausrichtung der Hebelelemente kann elektromechanisch, beispielsweise mit Federn und Elektromagneten, derart kontrolliert werden, dass bei einem Stromausfall automatisch die Betätigung der Bremseinrichtung ausgelöst wird.In the context of this concept, braking forces of different magnitude can also be realized, for example, with a plurality of prestressable springs whose effects are combined with each other by combining one or more preloaded springs alone or in combination in parallel and / or serial arrangement with the Pistons are brought. An advantage of this concept is that a control over which of the springs is brought into connection with the piston, can be made possible with simple means and low energy consumption. For example, the relaxation of a spring with movable mechanical means, such as lever elements and devices that control the instantaneous orientation of the lever elements, initiated or blocked and thus controlled. To increase the efficiency, the lever elements be formed reinforcing force. The orientation of the lever elements can be controlled electromechanically, for example with springs and electromagnets, such that automatically the operation of the braking device is triggered in the event of a power failure.
Eine andere Variante für die Ausbildung der erfindungsgemässen Sicherheitsbremse als integrierte Halte- und Fangbremse beruht auf der Verwendung eines zusätzlichen (zweiten) bewegbaren Kolbens. In diesem Fall können zwei Kolben alternativ und unabhängig jeweils mit einer Kraft bzw. mehreren Kräften beaufschlagt werden. Zu diesem Zweck kann jeweils die Einwirkung eines der Kolben auf das Druckmittel gesteuert unterbunden werden. Dies kann erreicht werden mittels eines Ventils, welches im geschlossenen Zustand einen Kolben separiert von dem Teil des Druckmittels, welcher auf die Bremseelemente zur Erzeugung der Bremskraft wirkt, so dass die jeweilig Bremskraft ausschliesslich von dem anderen Kolben beeinflussbar ist. Eine andere Variante besteht darin, dass ein steuerbares Blockierungsmittel vorgesehen ist, mit dem eine Bewegung eines Kolbens während eines kontrollierbaren Zeitraums in einer vorgegebenen Position blockierbar ist, wobei eine Blockierung der Bewegung mittels eines Steuersignals aufhebbar ist. Als Blockierungsmittel kann ein bewegbares mechanisches Mittel dienen, beispielsweise ein elektromechanisch betätigbarer Hebel oder Riegel.Another variant for the embodiment of the inventive safety brake as an integrated holding and safety brake is based on the use of an additional (second) movable piston. In this case, two pistons can alternatively and independently be acted upon by one or more forces. For this purpose, in each case the action of one of the pistons can be controlled controlled on the pressure medium. This can be achieved by means of a valve which, in the closed state, separates a piston from the part of the pressure medium which acts on the brake elements to generate the braking force, so that the respective braking force can be influenced exclusively by the other piston. Another variant is that a controllable blocking means is provided, with which a movement of a piston during a controllable period in a predetermined position can be blocked, wherein blocking of the movement by means of a control signal can be canceled. As a blocking means may serve a movable mechanical means, such as an electromechanically actuated lever or bolt.
Durch eine geeignete Dimensionierung der Kolben und eine geeignete zeitlich Steuerung der auf die einzelnen Kolben wirkenden Kräfte können auf diese Weise verschieden grosse Bremskräfte mit derselben Bremseinrichtung erzeugt werden. Bei dieser Konfiguration ist es im Hinblick auf den Wirkungsgrad sinnvoll, beide Kolben so zu dimensionieren, dass das Druckmittel kraftverstärkend auf die Bremselemente wirkt.By a suitable dimensioning of the pistons and a suitable timing of the forces acting on the individual piston forces of different sizes can be generated with the same braking device in this way. In this configuration, it is in terms of Efficiency makes sense, both pistons to be dimensioned so that the pressure medium acts force amplifying on the brake elements.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ausführungsbeispielen und den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the embodiments and the dependent claims.
Im folgenden werden anhand der Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert. Gleiche Elemente sind in den verschiedenen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Die Strömungsrichtung der Medien ist mit Pfeilen angegeben. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Aufzugschachtes für einen verfahrbaren Aufzug;
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht auf den Schacht gemäss
Fig. 1 ; - Fig. 3
- eine Antriebseinheit für einen Aufzug;
- Fig. 4
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Bremseinrichtung;
- Fig. 5
- einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Bremseinrichtung;
- Fig. 6
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Sicherheitsbremse;
- Fig. 7
- eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Sicherheitsbremse für den Betrieb als integrierte Halte- und Fangbremse; und
- Fig. 8
- eine weitere integrierte Halte- und Fangbremse gemäss der Erfindung.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of an elevator shaft for a movable elevator;
- Fig. 2
- a plan view of the shaft according to
Fig. 1 ; - Fig. 3
- a drive unit for an elevator;
- Fig. 4
- a cross section through a braking device;
- Fig. 5
- a cross section through a further embodiment of a braking device;
- Fig. 6
- a schematic representation of an embodiment of the inventive safety brake;
- Fig. 7
- a schematic representation of another embodiment of the inventive safety brake for operation as an integrated holding and catch brake; and
- Fig. 8
- Another integrated holding and catch brake according to the invention.
Es sind nur die für das unmittelbare Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt. Nicht dargestellt sind beispielsweise Seile zum Bewegen der Aufzugskabine, elektrische Leitungen, usw.. Kommunikationsverbindungen zwischen Kontrolleinrichtungen und Vorrichtungen, die von den jeweiligen Kontrolleinrichtungen gesteuert oder geregelt werden, sind durch von der jeweiligen Kontrolleinrichtung ausgehende Pfeile angedeutet, falls nicht auf eine graphische Darstellung der Kommunikationsverbindungen der Einfachheit halber verzichtet wurde.Only the elements essential for the immediate understanding of the invention are shown. Not shown are, for example, cables for moving the elevator car, electric lines, etc. Communication links between control devices and devices controlled or regulated by the respective control devices are indicated by arrows originating from the respective control device, if not a graphical representation of the communication links of simplicity half was waived.
In
In
In
In
In
Um einen hohen Wirkungsgrad zu erzielen, ist die auf das Druckmittel im Hauptbremszylinder 20 wirkende Fläche des Kolbens 22a so bemessen, dass die auf eines der Bremselemente 19 wirkende Bremskraft grösser als die Kraft F1 ist.In order to achieve a high degree of efficiency, the area of the
Die elektromagnetische Anzugsvorrichtung 23 umfasst einen Elektromagnet mit einer Spule 25 und einen Anker 24, welcher an dem dem Hauptbremszylinder 20 abgewandten Ende befestigt ist und längs der Mittelachse der Spule 25 zusammen mit der Kolbenstange 22 bewegbar ist. Bei dieser Anordnung kann ein Stromfluss durch die Spule 25 derart gerichtet werden, dass auf den Anker 24 und somit auf die Kolbenstange 22 eine Gegenkraft F2 zur Kraft F1 der Feder 27 wirkt, um die Kolbenstange 22 in Richtung auf die elektromagnetische Anzugsvorrichtung 23 zu bewegen. Der Stromfluss durch die Spule 25 erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von Signalen der Kontrolleinrichtung 12. Durch eine Regelung des durch die Spule 25 fliessenden Stroms kann somit die Bremseinrichtung 7 gelöst werden.The
Bei einem Ausfall der Kontrolleinrichtung 12 oder bei einem Stromausfall erzeugt die Spule 25 keine elektromagnetische Kraft auf den Anker 24 und die Kolbenstange 22 wird durch die Federkraft F1 in Richtung des Hauptbremszylinders 20 gedrückt. Dadurch wird die Bremseinrichtung 7 betätigt. So ist bei Störfällen jederzeit eine sichere Abbremsung der Aufzugskabine gewährleistet.In the event of a failure of the
Die Feder 27 kann auch durch einen anderen Kraftspeicher ersetzt werden, dies unter der Bedingung, dass im Störfall gewährleistet ist, dass die Bremskraft durch den Kraftspeicher auf den Hauptbremszylinder ausgeübt wird.The
In der Aufzugskabine kann ein nicht dargestellter Beschleunigungssensor angeordnet sein, der mit der Kontrolleinrichtung 12 zusammenwirkt. Dadurch kann die Kontrolleinrichtung 12 die Bremskraft so einstellen, dass keine hohen, für die Benutzer der Aufzugskabine unangenehmen Beschleunigungen auftreten.In the elevator car, an acceleration sensor, not shown, can be arranged, which cooperates with the
Die
Diese zusätzlichen Komponenten wirken wie folgt zusammen. Die Feder 40 ist in der Anordnung gemäss
Der Hebel 45 ist mit Hilfe der mit dem Elektromagnet 49 erzeugbaren elektromagnetischen Kraft gegen die Wirkung der Kraft der Feder 47 kontrolliert innerhalb eines begrenzten Winkelbereichs um den Drehpunkt 46 drehbar und in mindestens zwei extremen Winkellagen stabil haltbar. Eine dieser extremen Lagen des Hebels 45 ist in
Die andere extreme stabile Winkellage, die der Hebel 45 annehmen kann, ist dadurch charakterisiert, dass der Elektromagnet 49 stromlos ist und der Hebel 45 eine von der Feder 47 bestimmte Gleichgewichtslage annimmt. Im vorliegenden Fall ist diese Gleichgewichtslage durch eine geeignete Wahl der Vorspannung der Feder 47 so bestimmt, dass der Hebel 47 die Platte 41 nicht berührt bzw. die Platte 41 nicht gegen die Wirkung der Kraft F3 der Feder 40 in einer stabilen Position zu halten vermag. Folglich wird die Platte 41 freigegeben und in Richtung auf den Hauptbremszylinder 20 bewegt. Die Längen der Federn 27 und 40 sind derart aufeinander abgestimmt und die Platten 26 und 41 derart geformt, dass die Feder 40 in Richtung auf den Hauptbremszylinder 20 expandiert, bis die Platte 41 schliesslich durch die Platte 26 blockiert wird. In dieser Stellung wirken die Kräfte F1 und F3 der Federn 27 und 40 additiv auf den Kolben 22a im Hauptbremszylinder 20.The other extreme stable angular position, which can assume the
Die Kontrolleinrichtung 12 ist derart ausgebildet, dass der Elektromagnet 49 und die elektromagnetische Anzugsvorrichtung 23 unabhängig voneinander angesteuert werden können, derart, dass die Stromstärken der den Elektromagneten 49 bzw. die Spule 25 durchfliessenden Ströme auf vorgegebene Werte geregelt werden. Durch eine geeignete Steuerung des Zeitverlaufs dieser Stromstärken kann demnach erreicht werden, dass der Kolben 22a mit der Kraft F1 oder mit der Resultierenden der Kräfte F1 und F3 beaufschlagt ist, sofern die Spule 25 stromlos und somit die Kraft F2 gleich 0 ist. Durch eine geeignete Wahl der Stromstärke des die Spule 25 durchfliessenden Stroms können die von den Federn 27 bzw. 40 erzeugten Kräfte ganz oder teilweise kompensiert werden.The
Auf der Grundlage der in
Eine integrierte Halte- und Fangbremse auf der Grundlage der Sicherheitsbremse gemäss
Um die Sicherheitsbremse gemäss
Die Feder 40 ist gemäss
Alternativ könnten die Federn 27 und 40 auch nebeneinander angeordnet sein, ohne dass eine der Federn die andere umgibt. Die Mittel zur Ankopplung der Federn an die Kolbenstange 22 - d.h. die Platten 26 und 41 - könnten durch andere Varianten mit gleicher Funktion ersetzt werden.Alternatively, the
Die Sicherheitsbremse gemäss
Um die Kolbenstange 55 gesteuert bewegen zu können, ist eine elektromagnetische Vortriebseinrichtung 65 vorgesehen, welche - wie in
Die Kolbenstange 55 kann bei Bedarf auch ohne Verwendung der Vortriebseinrichtung 65 und gegen die Wirkung der Kraft F3 in einer vorgegebenen Lage gehalten werden. Um dies zu erreichen, ist ein zweiarmiger Blockierhebel 70 vorgesehen, welcher um einen Drehpunkt 71 drehbar gelagert ist. Ein Ende des Blockierhebels 70 ist an eine Feder 82 gekoppelt, die an dem von dem Blockierhebel 70 entfernten Ende (mit nicht dargestellten Mitteln) ortsfest gehalten ist. Gegen die Kraft der Feder 82 kann der Blockierhebel 70 mit Hilfe eines Elektromagneten 81 über einen Winkelbereich zwischen zwei stabilen extremen Lagen um den Drehpunkt 71 geschwenkt werden.If necessary, the
Eine dieser extremen Lagen ist in
Die andere dieser extremen Lagen wird vom Blockierhebel 70 eingenommen, wenn der Elektromagnet 81 stromlos und der Blockierhebel 70 unter dem Einfluss der Feder 82 in eine stabile Lage gezwungen wird. Diese Lage ist so gewählt, dass die Kolbenstange 55 nicht durch den Blockierhebel 70 blockiert ist. Unter dieser Bedingung wirken die Kräfte F3 und F4 über den Kolben 55a auf das Druckmittel im Hauptbremszylinder 20.The other of these extreme positions is taken up by the blocking
Die Sicherheitsbremse gemäss
Die
Um die Sicherheitsbremse gemäss
Um die Sicherheitsbremse gemäss
Die Sicherheitsbremse gemäss
Auf die Vortriebseinrichtung 65 kann auch verzichtet werden. Die Sicherheitsbremse könnte dennoch als Fangbremse verwendet werden, wobei das Zurücksetzen der Sicherheitsbremse in den Betrieb als Haltebremse auch durch das Eingreifen von Servicepersonal vorgenommen werden kann.The
Die Sicherheitsbremse gemäss
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die gezeigten und beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Gemäss einer weiteren Variante können beispielsweise die Druckmittelleitungen auch jeweils nur eine Bremseinrichtung ansprechen. Weiterhin müssen die Federn nicht auf Druck vorgespannt sein. Sie könnten auch auf Zug vorgespannt sein. Im letzteren Fall müsste ihre Abstützung auf stationäre bzw. bewegbare Teile der Sicherheitsbremse abweichend von den dargestellten Beispielen geeignet modifiziert sein.The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and described. According to a further variant, for example, the pressure medium lines can also respond in each case only one braking device. Furthermore, the springs need not be biased to pressure. You could also be biased on train. In the latter case, their support to stationary or movable parts of the safety brake would have to be suitably modified differently from the illustrated examples.
In
Die Kontrolleinrichtung 12 kann in die Steuerung der Aufzugsanlage integriert und stationär an einem geeigneten Platz in der Aufzugsanlage angeordnet sein. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Funktionen der Kontrolleinrichtung 12 mittels einer separaten Einrichtung zu realisieren, die an der Aufzugskabine angeordnet ist. Es ist beispielsweise denkbar, die Kontrolleinrichtung 12 als eine an der Kabine fixierte elektronische Schaltung auszubilden. Diese Schaltung kann über eine Kommunikationsverbindung zur Aufzugssteuerung verfügen, beispielsweise um Steuersignale zu senden und/oder zu empfangen und/oder Statusinformationen bezüglich der Aufzugsanlage und/oder bezüglich der Sicherheitsbremse zu senden und/oder zu empfangen.The
Die in den dargestellten Ausführungsformen der Sicherheitsbremse vorgesehenen Federn und Elektromagnete könnten natürlich durch andere Mittel zur Erzeugung einer Kraft ersetzt werden. Zweckmässigerweise sollten diese Mittel steuerbar sein, um die Betätigung bzw. das Lösen der Sicherheitsbremse an vorgegebenen Zeitpunkten zu ermöglichen und bei Bedarf die Grösse der zu erzeugenden Kraft an die jeweiligen Erfordernisse anzupassen.The provided in the illustrated embodiments of the safety brake springs and electromagnets could of course be replaced by other means of generating a force. Conveniently, these means should be controllable to allow the operation or release of the safety brake at predetermined times and, if necessary, to adapt the size of the force to be generated to the respective requirements.
Claims (18)
- A safety brake for lift systems, with a braking device (7) comprising one or more movable braking elements (19) to which a braking force can be respectively applied, with a movable piston (22a, 55a), with a device for actuating and/or releasing the braking device (7) by means of at least one force (F1, F2,F3, F4) acting upon the piston (22a, 55a), which by means of a pressure agent in a pressure-agent volume (20, 17, 11a, 11b) between the braking elements (19) and the piston (22a, 55a) can be transmitted to the braking elements (19), in order to generate the respective braking force, the device further comprising:- means (27, 40, 60) for generating a first force (F1, F3) acting upon the piston (22a, 55a) for actuating the braking device (7), and- means (23, 65) for generating a second force (F2, F4) acting upon the piston (22a, 55a), which counteracts the first force (F1, f3).
- The safety brake according to claim 1, characterised in that the piston (22a, 55a) is configured such that the braking force is greater than the force (F1, F3) acting upon the piston.
- The safety brake according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the size of the second force (F2, F4) can be changed and means (12) are provided for controlling the size of the second force.
- The safety brake according to one of claims 1-3, characterised in that the means for generating the first force (F1, F3) is configured such that the size of the first force can be changed in a controlled manner.
- The safety brake according to one of claims 1-3, characterised in that the device comprises a means (40) for generating a third force (F3), which added to the first force (F1) acts upon the piston (22a, 55a).
- The safety brake according to claim 5, characterised in that controllable means (41, 45, 49) for establishing or cancelling a mechanical connection between the means (40) for generating the third force (F3) and the piston (22a) are provided, in order to control an impact of the third force (F3) upon the piston (22a).
- The safety brake according to one of claims 1-3, characterised in that a movable second piston (55a) and a means (60) for generating a third force (F3) acting upon the second piston (55a) are provided, wherein the second piston (55a) is in communication with the pressure agent volume (20, 17, 11a, 11b) and the third force (F3) can be transmitted via the pressure agent to the braking elements (19) in order to actuate the braking device (7).
- The safety brake according to claim 7, characterised in that a means (65) is provided for generating a fourth force (F4), which acts upon the second piston (55a) and which is directed such that it counteracts the third force (F3).
- The safety brake according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterised in that blocking means (69, 70) are provided for blocking the second piston (55a) during a time duration controllable by control signals (12).
- The safety brake according to one of claims 7-9, characterised in that the first piston (22a) can be separated by means of a valve (51) from the pressure agent impacting on the braking elements (19), wherein the pressure of the pressure agent can be influenced with the second piston (55a).
- The safety brake according to one of claims 7-10, characterised in that the braking device (7) can be actuated by selectively impacting one of the pistons (22a, 55a), wherein the two pistons are designed such that the braking force takes on different values, respectively.
- The safety brake according to one of claims 1-11, characterised in that the means (27) for generating the first force (F1) comprises a spring (27, 40, 60) or an energy store of a different kind and/or in that the means (23) for generating the second force (F2) comprises an electromagnet (25).
- The safety brake according to one of claims 5-11, characterised in that the means for generating the third force (F3) comprises a spring (40, 60), which can be pre-tensioned, or an energy store of a different kind.
- The safety brake according to claim 13, characterised in that the spring (40, 60) can be held in a tensioned state without impacting the piston (22a, 55a) or moving it, and in that the spring (40, 60) can be relaxed in a controlled manner in order to move the piston (22a, 55a) and generate the braking force.
- The safety brake according to claim 14, characterised in that the spring (40, 60) can be held in a tensioned state with movable mechanical means (45, 70).
- The safety brake according to one of claims 1-15, characterised in that the piston (22a) is in communication with the pressure agent inside a main braking cylinder (20) and in that the main braking cylinder is connected to the braking device (7) via at least one pressure agent line (11a, 11b).
- A lift system with a safety brake according to one of claims 1-16, characterised in that the braking device (7) is arranged such that the braking elements (19), upon actuating the braking device (7), can be brought into contact with a guide rail (2) of a lift cabin (3) or into contact with a brake disk (15) of a lift drive (13).
- The lift system according to claim 17, characterised in that the safety brake is configured as an integrated holding and catching brake.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02027158.1A EP1323660B1 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2002-12-05 | Safety brake for elevator system |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01811270 | 2001-12-24 | ||
EP01811270 | 2001-12-24 | ||
EP02027158.1A EP1323660B1 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2002-12-05 | Safety brake for elevator system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1323660A1 EP1323660A1 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
EP1323660B1 true EP1323660B1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
Family
ID=26077463
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02027158.1A Expired - Lifetime EP1323660B1 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2002-12-05 | Safety brake for elevator system |
Country Status (1)
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EP (1) | EP1323660B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI118850B (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2008-04-15 | Kone Corp | Elevator and procedure by which the elevator car is locked in place |
WO2005113402A1 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2005-12-01 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Emergency stop device for elevator |
EP2070860A1 (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-06-17 | Inventio Ag | Lift system with vertically and horizontally moveable lift cabins |
DE102011000720A1 (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-16 | Klaus-Peter Kapp | Friction brake for lifts with improved damping properties |
WO2012128758A1 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-27 | Otis Elevator Company | Elevator braking system |
JP5761742B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2015-08-12 | Necエナジーデバイス株式会社 | Battery pack |
DE102014206461A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Thyssen Krupp Elevator Ag | Elevator with a braking device |
ES2907453T3 (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2022-04-25 | Wittur Holding Gmbh | SAFETY DEVICE TO OPERATE AN ELEVATOR |
DE202014103702U1 (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-08-26 | Wittur Holding Gmbh | Safety device for operating an elevator |
EP3197812B1 (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2018-08-15 | Inventio AG | Elevator brake |
US11203510B2 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2021-12-21 | Otis Elevator Company | Electrohydraulic damper for elevator system |
CN114084771B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-06-09 | 菱王电梯有限公司 | Elevator guide rail braking device and elevator |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9004643D0 (en) * | 1990-03-01 | 1990-04-25 | Alphatrad Sa | Braking apparatus |
CA2072187C (en) * | 1992-06-23 | 1996-09-03 | Dermot Camack | Emergency braking systems for hoists |
ES2129480T3 (en) * | 1993-10-18 | 1999-06-16 | Inventio Ag | BRAKING SAFETY DEVICE FOR ELEVATOR CABINS. |
US6193026B1 (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 2001-02-27 | Otis Elevator Company | Elevator brake |
US6105738A (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 2000-08-22 | Inventio Ag | Elevator brake |
-
2002
- 2002-12-05 EP EP02027158.1A patent/EP1323660B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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None * |
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EP1323660A1 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
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