EP1312883A2 - Device for closing a discharging hole of a metallurgical vessel for liquid steel, especially for an electric arc furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for closing the bottom tapping of a metallurgical vessel has a plunger (11a) which moves on an axis (11c) aligned with the tapping hole (7) using a wagon (12) horizontally moving in several stations. Granules are inserted under pressure into wagons through the cylinder (11b) of the plunger. <??>Preferred Features: The cylinder is height-adjustable so that it is able to press against a closing plate (8). A first station (14a) fills the cylinder with granules, a second station (14b) coats the granules with a binder (16), and a third station (14c) heats the binder up to sintering.

Description

The invention relates to a device for closing the floor tapping metallurgical vessel for liquid steel, in particular an electric melting furnace, that in melting mode by means of a sliding closing plate and above located refractory material is closed, the melt during of the rack by opening the cover plate through the tap hole and that in the presence of residual melt by filling the tap hole with the refractory material and a plunger that can be moved from bottom to top lockable and the locking plate can be moved into its locking position is.

Such a device is known from DE 32 30 646 C1. Here is the press channel for the refractory material in an arc from the horizontal to the vertical guided. However, it is known that granular refractory material is very difficult to get around an arched pipe channel can be pushed and turned again and again Gaps, i.e. Result in voids that significantly degrade the work result. It is known from the same reference, through a vertical channel that is straight runs, refractory material from bottom to top by means of a stuffing encase and press in as a cartridge by means of the plunger to thereby to avoid such cavities. However, this design sets the durability of Darning mass with a cartridge in advance, which must be kept in stock.

The invention has for its object the disadvantages of the arcuate press channels for free-flowing materials and without cartridges and others Mixtures of stuffing with refractory materials for vertical ducts get along.

The stated object is achieved according to the invention in the device described at the outset solved that the plunger by means of one in several stations horizontally movable carriage, in which granules in the cylinder of the plunger is introduced and prepared on a press piston axis aligned with the tap hole the granulate, filling the tap hole fully, can be inserted under pressure is. This makes it necessary to interact with the slide plate in practice enables the displacement of those located in the tap hole Remnants of melt, slag and the like Like. Allows. The procedure is unlimited repeatable without special effort. The device is robust and suitable for steelworks. The device can also be retrofitted to all systems.

Such an interaction is e.g. between the closure plate and others Elements necessary. In this case, it is provided that the cylinder for the The height of the plunger on the carriage can be adjusted to press the cylinder against the closure plate.

Without the well-known cartridges, which would have to be coated with ramming compound, The invention can get by, as proposed by further features will be that a first filling station in the area of the metallurgical vessel of the cylinder with granulate, a second station for coating the granulate with a binder, a third station for heating the binder until sintering and a horizontal rail track is provided up to below the metallurgical vessel are. This makes it possible to fill the tap hole with pourable granules can be repeated any number of times. A top layer of the granulate is advantageous covered with binder. Heating the binder leads to a sintered plate on top of the granulate. At the moment of contact between liquid steel and granulate prevents the sintered plate from floating up in the granulate Steel column.

The system of stations can be expanded by the fact that in the area of Vessel wall of the metallurgical vessel an additional, fourth station for the Lowering the plunger is provided in the cylinder.

Another addition is that the additional station with a press tool is provided for lowering the plunger.

A use of space that occurs with vertically tapping metallurgical vessels It is particularly advantageous that the pressing tool is used as a cantilever a vertical axis position on the vessel wall of the metallurgical vessel is attached.

The design of the car can be used in several ways. So after further features provided that the cylinder on the circumference by means of a guide Height adjustable in the carriage frame and by means of springs distributed over the circumference can be reset to a basic position.

The carriage is further designed so that the guide is off the cylinder there are axially fixed support arms that are parallel to the carriage frame are guided to the cylinder extending and attached guide rods.

Another embodiment is that the springs for resetting the Cylinder between the upper projections of the carriage frame and lower support arms of the cylinder are clamped.

The movability of the carriage on the furnace platform is designed in such a way that the Wheels of the car between a cover plate, which is a cutout for the cylinder has, and brackets attached to the carriage frame are rotatably mounted.

The functions for inserting the granulate into the cylinder and inserting it in the tap hole depend on the suitable design of the plunger. A particularly noteworthy construction results from the fact that the plunger in the cylinder by means of a main piston sealing against the granulate and in the center arranged, from below supporting telescope sections and an end piston arranged in the base region of the cylinder is formed. The pressure force for the plunger can be generated hydraulically and the The overall height of the plunger-cylinder unit becomes very low.

Another advantage arises from the fact that the inner surface of the cylinder with tungsten carbide is coated. As a result, abrasion from the aggressive granulate can be minimal being held.

The hydraulic embodiment is then designed according to further features, that in the cylinder a single, sealing plunger by a liquid Pressure medium is actuated by the connections in a cylinder down occluding bottom can be added or removed. This design has the advantage of one to be able to achieve a very low overall height.

Based on the risk that the granules and / or the liquid pressure medium could attack the cylinder wall and the plunger itself and for prevention of pressure losses when pressing the granules is also advantageous in that the plunger or the main plunger in the lower area with one or more Ring seals against the liquid pressure medium and in the head area with a separate one Granular ring seal is provided.

Further sealing measures result from the fact that on the front of the Press piston or the main piston a ring attachment is attached, which next to a Sealing ring carries a metal wiper ring.

The sealing effects can also be reinforced by the fact that between the ring attachment and a pressure medium ring seal and in the foot area of the Press pistons are each made of Teflon guide bands.

Another drive transmission to the plunger is achieved in that the Press piston by means of a central and / or several, distributed over the circumference Threaded spindles and fixed or height-adjustable threaded nuts in the Press stroke is adjustable.

A practical embodiment is designed such that the plunger is by means of at least one pivoted, drivable threaded spindle and one in the plunger stationary threaded nut and a longitudinal groove in the cylinder wall, in which slides a sliding block fixed on the plunger, can be actuated, the rotary drive motor and a primary gear for the threaded spindle mounted on the cylinder base are.

In another embodiment it is provided that the rotary drive motor and the primary gearbox are mounted on the outside of the cylinder wall.

In an embodiment of the drive construction, it is also possible for the primary gear and the rotary drive motor is arranged on a bracket at the cylinder base are.

With a breakdown of the driving forces that act on the plunger, it can also be advantageous that a primary gear and a rotary drive motor each symmetrical to the plunger axis on the outside of the cylinder wall fixed console are arranged and that each of the primary gear Threaded spindle runs up to the cylinder base, which in each case by means of a yoke parallel guidance of the cylinder wall is adjustable at stroke height and one each Threaded nut carries.

Another very low and compact design results from the fact that the Press plunger under his head several sleeves distributed around the circumference as threaded nuts for the threaded spindles and that the threaded spindles stationary are and are connected to the respective primary gear, each together with the rotary drive motor mounted on the base area at the cylinder base are.

A further advantageous construction results from the fact that the press piston in the piston stroke is mechanically and / or hydraulically adjustable in stages.

This construction can e.g. to be designed so that one or more Lifting stages mechanically by means of the threaded spindles and threaded nuts and the last stroke level hydraulically by means of synchronous piston-cylinder units are adjustable.

In an advantageous example, this design is such that a first Stroke by means of a threaded spindle acting centrally under the head of the plunger, a second stroke by means of several side threaded spindles and third stroke level by means of one or more pairs of hydraulic piston-cylinder units are adjustable.

A different type of drive design is based on a completely different one Principle chosen so that the distributed over the circumference of the cylinder Lead screws from an input flange of the cylinder at full stroke height run that a threaded nut with a first on each threaded spindle Magnet is arranged with an opposite second magnet corresponds within the relatively short press piston, with at least one primary gear and the rotary drive motor for the threaded spindle on the cylinder base are stationary.

In the drawing, several embodiments of the invention are shown are explained in more detail below.

Fig. 1

eine Gesamtansicht einer Schmelzofenanlage mit den Stationen für das Füllen des Zylinders mit Granulat, mit einem E-Ofen beim Abstich,

Fig. 2

dieselbe Gesamtansicht der Schmelzofenanlage mit eingefahrenem Wagen für das Granulat,

Fig. 3

der Wagen mit dem Presskolben und dem Zylinder für das Granulat in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht auf den Wagen mit Zylinder für das Granulat,

Fig. 5A

einen senkrechten Schnitt durch den Zylinder mit Presskolben in der oberen Stellung,

Fig. 5B

denselben Schnitt wie Fig. 5A , in der der Zylinder mit Granulat gefüllt ist,

Fig. 6

eine alternative Ausführungsform für den Presskolben mit einem Hydrozylinder im senkrechten Schnitt,

Fig. 7

den Presskolben im axialen Schnitt mit Einzelheiten der Abdichtung,

Fig. 8

einen senkrechten Schnitt durch eine alternative Ausführung des Presskolbens mit Spindelantrieb,

Fig. 9

einen weiteren senkrechten Schnitt durch den Presskolben mit einer weiteren Alternativen einer Doppelspindel-Ausführung,

Fig. 10

eine andere alternative Ausführungsform im senkrechten Schnitt mit unter dem Presskolbenkopf angeordneten Spindeln in eingezogener Stellung der Spindeln,

Fig. 11

die Ausführungsform der Fig. 10 in Mittelposition bei ausgefahrenen Spindeln,

Fig. 12

eine alternative Ausführungsform mit mechanisch-hydraulischem Antrieb für den Presskolben,

Fig. 13

eine weitere alternative Ausführungsform für den Antrieb des Presskolbens im senkrechten Schnitt mit Magneten,

Fig. 14A

eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere alternative Bauweise mit mehreren Spindel-Hub-Elementen und

Fig. 14B

den zu Fig. 14A gehörenden axialen Längsschnitt.

Show it:

Fig. 1

an overall view of a melting furnace system with the stations for filling the cylinder with granulate, with an electric furnace during racking,

Fig. 2

the same general view of the melting furnace with the trolley for the granulate,

Fig. 3

side view of the carriage with the plunger and the cylinder for the granulate,

Fig. 4

a plan view of the car with cylinder for the granules,

Figure 5A

a vertical section through the cylinder with the plunger in the upper position,

Figure 5B

the same section as FIG. 5A, in which the cylinder is filled with granules,

Fig. 6

an alternative embodiment for the plunger with a hydraulic cylinder in vertical section,

Fig. 7

the plunger in axial section with details of the seal,

Fig. 8

a vertical section through an alternative version of the press piston with spindle drive,

Fig. 9

another vertical section through the plunger with another alternative of a double spindle version,

Fig. 10

another alternative embodiment in vertical section with spindles arranged under the plunger head in the retracted position of the spindles,

Fig. 11

10 in the middle position with the spindles extended,

Fig. 12

an alternative embodiment with a mechanical-hydraulic drive for the plunger,

Fig. 13

another alternative embodiment for driving the plunger in a vertical section with magnets,

Figure 14A

a plan view of a further alternative design with several spindle-lifting elements and

Figure 14B

the axial longitudinal section belonging to FIG. 14A.

In Fig. 1, an electric melting furnace 2 is shown as the metallurgical vessel 1, the in particular is not tiltable. The electric melting furnace 2 rests on supports 3, which are support yourself on the oven platform 4. There is a ladle transport truck on the hut floor 5 6 with a pan 6a in tap position under tap hole 7 when open Closing plate 8 positioned. The molten steel 9 flows through the tap hole 7 with the melt jet 10 in the pan 6a. In the phase in which only there is still a residual melt 9a, the closure plate 8 is closed.

To close the tap hole 7 there is now a plunger 11a, which is arranged on a carriage 12. The carriage 12 is along a railroad track 13 move past several stations 14 on the furnace platform 4. In a The first station 14a is the cylinder 11b with a fire-resistant granulate 15 filled. When filling with granules 15, the plunger 11a is in it lowest position. To press the granules 15 into the tap hole 7 Press plunger 11a set all the way up. The stroke of the plunger 11a must be as large as the length of tap hole 7, i.e. the piston stroke is about 4 times large as the piston diameter. The granules 15 are obtained in a second station 14b a layer of binder 16 and in a third station 14c this binder layer 16 heated and thus sintered. The plunger is in a fourth station 14d 11a pressed down to compress the granules 15.

In this state, the carriage 12 is driven so far under the electric melting furnace 2 until the plunger axis 11c is aligned with the axis of the tap hole 7. Then the cylinder 11b is pressed against the closing plate 8, for which purpose in the carriage 12 a short-stroke hydraulic cylinder 17 is provided, the closure plate 8 for a short time opened and the plunger 11 a together with the granules 15 in the tap hole 7 pressed straight up from the bottom, making the tap hole 7 completely filled tightly with granules 15. The closure plate 8 can briefly in Be closed position, the cylinder 11 b temporarily seals.

2 is the ladle transport trolley for the purpose of filling the tap hole 7 6 moved away with the pan 6a, so that the carriage 12 in the described Position can be brought. For this, the carriage 12 is together with the Cylinder 11b designed as low as possible. In the event that the removal of the full pan 6a should not be possible for any reason is as follows described procedure for the closure plate 8 and the tap hole 7 anyway possible. For this reason, the carriage 12 can be used regardless of the pan position be moved back and forth. The pan 6a can therefore also under the Cars 12 are located.

In the area of the vessel wall 1a there is an additional, fourth station 14d for lowering of the plunger 11a in the cylinder 11b. The additional station 14d is provided with a pressing tool 18 for lowering the pressing piston 11a.

For this purpose, the pressing tool 18 is designed as a boom 19 and is vertical Axis position 18a attached to the vessel wall 1 a of the metallurgical vessel 1.

The sequence of functions for a trouble-free ladle transport is described below: The molten steel 9 runs when the closing plate 8 is open, whereby the closing plate 8 can consist of a normal knife gate valve (above all, no special design is required), through the tap hole 7 into the pan 6a. To preserve the residual sump, the residual melt 9a, in the electric melting furnace 2, the closing plate 8 is closed. Then (or before) the pan 6a is moved away. The carriage 12 with the cylinder 11b travels under the closure plate 8, the cylinder 11b being filled with granules 15 up to its edge. The cylinder 11b is moved sealingly vertically under the closure plate 8. The closure plate 8 is opened. Up to this point in time, the maximum time for all the operations mentioned is T _max = 1.5 min in order to prevent steel melt 9 from sticking to the closure plate 8.

The plunger 11 a presses the filling material against the liquid steel column and moves this through the tap hole 7 upwards until the vessel lining is reached Sealing plate 8 is closed through the filling material (granulate 15). The cylinder 11b is moved down. The pan 6a is on the side with the car 12 drove away. The carriage 12 moves away to the side, regardless of the pan position. A new cycle now begins. An empty pan 6a can be under the metallurgical Vessel 1 can be driven.

The carriage 12 is shown on an enlarged scale in FIG. 3. The cylinder 11b is adjustable in height on the circumference 11d by means of a guide 20 in the carriage frame 12a and by means of springs 21 distributed over the circumference 11d into its lower basic position resettable. The force of the springs 21 therefore always presses the cylinder 11b into its lower one Home position back. The guide 20 is axially spaced from the cylinder 11b attached support arms 22 formed in the carriage frame 12a parallel to the cylinder 11b extending and fastened guide rods 23 are guided. The feathers 21 are for the return of the cylinder 11b between projections 24 of the carriage frame 12a and lower support arms 25 of the cylinder 11b clamped. The The carriage 12 itself is guided by wheels 26 which are between a cover plate 27, which has a cutout 27a for the cylinder 11b and on the carriage frame 12a, the wheels 26 are rotatably supported on brackets 28.

4 shows a top view of the carriage 12. Corresponding to the four wheels 26 the cylinder 11b is guided on the four guide rods 23 offset by 90 °.

A preferred embodiment of the plunger 11a is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. The pressing piston 11a is formed in the cylinder 11b by means of a main piston 11e sealing against the granulate 15 and in the center, from below supporting telescopic sections 29 and a closing piston 31 arranged in the base region 30 of the cylinder 11b. The inner cylinder surface 32 is coated with tungsten carbide (HRC = 70; R _a = 0.3-04 µm).

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, only a single, sealing plunger is used 11a actuated by means of a liquid pressure medium 33. The pressure medium 33 will through ports 34 and 35 through a closing the cylinder 11b down Floor 36 supplied or removed.

The plunger 11a or the main piston 11e is in the lower region (FIG. 7) one or more ring seals 37, 38 against the liquid pressure medium 33 and sealed in the head region 39 with a separate granular ring seal 40. On the end face 41, a ring attachment 42 is attached, in addition to a pressure medium ring seal 43 carries a metal wiper ring 44. Between the ring attachment 42 and the pressure medium ring seal 43 and in the foot region 45 of the plunger 11 a guide bands 46 made of Teflon (PTFE) are used.

The drive for the plunger 11a can alternatively (Fig. 8) by means of central and / or several, distributed over the circumference threaded spindles 47 and a stationary Threaded nut 48 in the press piston 11a in the uppermost position - e.g. as a single spindle drive - be formed. A sliding block is provided in the plunger 11 a as an anti-rotation device 49 is provided, which slides in a longitudinal groove 50 in the cylinder wall 11f. The threaded spindle 47 is by a rotary drive motor 51 and a primary gear 52nd driven, which are mounted on a cylinder base 11g.

Alternatively, both the rotary drive motor 51 and the primary gear 52 mounted on the outside of the cylinder wall 11f on brackets 53 on the cylinder base 11g be (Fig. 9). In this case, synchronized lead screws 47 are on both Pages arranged. A threaded spindle is provided by a primary gear 52 47 to the cylinder base 11g, which are parallel by means of a yoke 54 Guide 55 guided through slots in the cylinder wall 11f at lifting height is adjustable and each carries a threaded nut 48.

A drive alternative for the plunger 11 a is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. The plunger 11a forms a head 56, under which several, over the circumference 11d distributed sleeves 57 are provided as threaded nuts 48 for the threaded spindles 47 are. The threaded spindles 47 are stationary and with the respective primary gear 52 connected and in each case together with the rotary drive motor 51 mounted on the base area 30 on the cylinder base 11g. The sleeves 57 each have a sliding block 49, which in its longitudinal groove 50 in the cylinder wall 11f slides.

11, the plunger 11a is extended, the sleeves 57 being fully extended are.

The plunger 11a can gradually and mechanically and / or hydraulically in the piston stroke be adjusted. One or more lifting stages 58, 59 can be mechanical by means of the threaded spindles 47 and threaded nuts 48 and the third lifting stage 60 can be set hydraulically by means of synchronously operating piston-cylinder units 61 become (Fig. 12). The first lifting stage 58 works centrally by means of a the head 56 of the plunger 11a engaging threaded spindle 47, a second Lift stage 59 by means of several side threaded spindles 47 and the third lift stage 60 by means of one or more pairs of hydraulic piston-cylinder units 61.

13 is a further alternative design for the lifting drive of the plunger 11a: The threaded spindles distributed over the circumference 11d of the cylinder 11b 47 run from an input flange 62 at full lift height 63. On each threaded spindle 47 there is a threaded nut 48 with a first one Arranged magnet 64, the one with an opposite second magnet 65th corresponds within the relatively short plunger 11 a. At least one primary gearbox 52 and the rotary drive motor 51 for the threaded spindle 47 each have the stationary threaded spindle 47 on the cylinder base 11g.

14A and 14B is a further alternative design (in plan view) the plunger 11a with cylinder 11b from individual telescopic sections 29, which slide into each other and are each provided with a bottom 66, whereby the threaded spindles 47 and the threaded nuts 48 each on a bottom 66 are stored. For the threaded spindles 47 are 66 in opposite floors in each case through openings 67 are arranged. The threaded spindles 47 are as described each driven by a rotary drive motor 51 with primary gear 52. The rotary drive motor 51 and the primary gear 52 can also outside be arranged (Fig. 14A) and connect the threaded spindles in the lowest stage 47 / threaded nuts 48 with a horizontal shaft 68.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

metallurgical vessel

1a

vessel wall

2

electric furnace

3

support

4

furnace platform

5

mill floor

6

Pan trolley

6a

pan

7

tap hole

8th

closing plate

9

molten steel

9a

residual melt

10

melt jet

11a

plunger

11b

cylinder

11 c

Plunger axis

11d

scope

11e

main piston

11f

cylinder

11g

Cylinder

12

dare

12a

wagon frame

13

rail track

14

stations

14a

first station

14b

second station

14c

third station

14d

fourth station

15

granules

16

Layer / binder

17

hydraulic cylinders

18

press tool

18a

vertical axis position

19

boom

20

guide

21

feathers

22

support arms

23

guide rods

24

projections

25

support arms

26

bikes

27

cover plate

27a

neckline

28

consoles

29

Telescopic sections

30

plinth

31

Statements piston

32

Cylinder inner surface

33

liquid pressure medium

34

connection

35

connection

36

ground

37

ring seal

38

ring seal

39

head area

40

Granule-ring seal

41

front

42

ring tower

43

Pressure medium-ring seal

44

Metal scraper ring

45

Foot area of the plunger

46

guide belts

47

screw

48

threaded nut

49

slide

50

longitudinal groove

51

Rotary drive motor

52

Primary gear

53

consoles

54

yoke

55

parallel leadership

56

head

57

sleeves

58

first stroke level

59

second stroke level

60

third stroke level

61

Piston-cylinder unit

62

Input flange

63

full lifting height

64

magnet

65

magnet

66

ground

67

Through opening

68

horizontal wave

Claims (26)

Device for closing the bottom tapping of a metallurgical vessel for liquid steel, in particular an electric melting furnace, which is closed in melting operation by means of a displaceable closing plate and refractory material located thereon, the melt of which is tapped through the tapping hole during the tapping by opening the closing plate and which is present in the presence of one Residual melt can be closed by filling the tap hole with the refractory material and a press piston which can be adjusted vertically from bottom to top and the closing plate can be moved into its closed position,
characterized in that the plunger (11 a) by means of a carriage (12) which can be moved horizontally in several stations (14), in which granulate (15) is introduced and prepared in the cylinder (11b) of the plunger (11a), on one with the tapping hole (7) aligned press piston axis (11c) and thereby the granules (15), the tapping hole (7) fully filling, can be introduced under pressure. Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that the cylinder (11b) for the plunger (11a) on the carriage (12) is adjustable in height for pressing the cylinder (11b) against the closure plate (8). Device according to claims 1 and 2,
characterized in that in the region of the metallurgical vessel (1) a first station (14a) for filling the cylinder (11b) with granules (15), a second station (14b) for coating the granules (15) with a binder (16) , a third station (14c) for heating the binder (16) until sintering and a horizontal rail track (13) are provided under the metallurgical vessel (1). Device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that an additional, fourth station (14d) is provided in the area of the vessel wall (1a) of the metallurgical vessel (1) for lowering the plunger (11a) in the cylinder (11b). Device according to claim 4,
characterized in that the additional station (14d) is provided with a pressing tool (18) for lowering the pressing piston (11a). Device according to one of claims 4 or 5,
characterized in that the pressing tool (18) is attached as a cantilever (19) with a vertical axis position (18a) to the vessel wall (1a) of the metallurgical vessel (1). Device according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the cylinder (11b) on the circumference (11d) can be adjusted in height by means of a guide (20) in the carriage frame (12a) and can be reset to a basic position by means of springs (21) distributed over the circumference (11d). Device according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the guide (20) consists of support arms (22) fastened to the cylinder (11b) at an axial distance, which are guided in guide rods (22) running and fastened on the carriage frame (12a) parallel to the cylinder (11b). Device according to one of claims 7 or 8,
characterized in that the springs (21) for the return of the cylinder (11b) are clamped between upper projections (24) of the carriage frame (12a) and lower support arms (25) of the cylinder (11b). Device according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that the wheels (26) of the carriage (12) are rotatably mounted between a cover plate (27) which has a cutout (27a) for the cylinder (11b) and brackets (28) attached to the carriage frame (12a). Device according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that the plunger (11a) in the cylinder (11b) by means of a main plunger (11e) sealing against the granulate (15) and in the center of the plunger, which supports from below and a telescopic section (29) in the base area (30) of the cylinder (11b) arranged end piston (31) is formed. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that the cylinder inner surface (32) is coated with tungsten carbide. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10 and 11,
characterized in that in the cylinder (11b) a single, sealing press piston (11a) can be actuated by a liquid pressure medium (33) which is connected by connections (34, 35) in a bottom (36) closing the cylinder (11b) downwards can be added or removed. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13,
characterized in that the pressing piston (11a) or the main piston (11e) with one or more ring seals (37, 38) against the liquid pressure medium (33) in the lower area and with a separate granular ring seal (40 ) is provided. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14,
characterized in that a ring attachment (42) is attached to the end face (41) of the press piston (11a) or the main piston (11e) and carries a metal wiper ring (44) in addition to a sealing ring (43). Device according to one of claims 1 to 15,
characterized in that guide bands (46) made of Teflon are inserted between the ring attachment (42) and a pressure medium ring seal (43) and in the foot region (45) of the press piston (11a). Device according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that the press piston (11a) is adjustable in the press stroke by means of a central and / or several threaded spindles (47) distributed over the circumference and fixed or height-adjustable threaded nuts (48). Device according to one of claims 1 to 12 and 17,
characterized in that the press piston (11a) by means of at least one rotatably mounted, drivable threaded spindle (47) and a threaded nut (48) stationary in the press piston (11a) and a longitudinal groove (50) in the cylinder wall (11f), in which a screw on the press piston ( 11a) fixed sliding block (49) slides, can be actuated, the rotary drive motor (51) and a primary gear (52) for the threaded spindle (47) being mounted on the cylinder base (11g). Device according to claim 17,
characterized in that the rotary drive motor (51) and the primary gear (52) are mounted on the outside of the cylinder wall (11f). Device according to one of claims 17 or 18,
characterized in that the primary gear (52) and the rotary drive motor (51) are arranged on a bracket (53) on the cylinder base (11g). Device according to one of claims 17 or 18,
characterized in that a primary gear (52) and a rotary drive motor (51) are each arranged symmetrically to the plunger axis (12c) on a bracket (53) each attached to the outside of the cylinder wall (11f), and that one of the primary gear (52) Threaded spindle (47) extends up to the cylinder base (11 g), which can be adjusted by means of a yoke (54) in a parallel guide (55) of the cylinder wall (11f) and each carries a threaded nut (48). Device according to claim 17 or 18,
characterized in that the plunger (11 a) has under its head (56) a plurality of sleeves (57) distributed over the circumference (11d) as threaded nuts (48) for the threaded spindles (47) and that the threaded spindles (47) are stationary and are connected to the respective primary gear (52), which are each mounted together with the rotary drive motor (51) on the base area (30) on the cylinder base (11g). Device according to claim 17 or 18,
characterized in that the plunger (11a) is mechanically and / or hydraulically adjustable in stages in the piston stroke. Device according to claim 23,
characterized in that one or more lifting stages (58) are mechanically adjustable by means of the threaded spindles (47) and threaded nuts (48) and the last lifting stage is hydraulically adjustable by means of synchronously operating piston-cylinder units (58). Device according to claims 23 or 24,
characterized in that a first lifting stage (58) by means of a threaded spindle (47) acting centrally under the head (56) of the pressing piston (11a), a second lifting stage (59) by means of a plurality of side threaded spindles (47) and the third lifting stage (60 ) can be set by means of one or more pairs of hydraulic piston-cylinder units (61). Device according to one of claims 17 or 18,
characterized in that the threaded spindles (47) distributed over the circumference (11d) of the cylinder (11b) run from an input flange (62) of the cylinder (11b) at full stroke height (63), in each case on a threaded spindle (47) a threaded nut (48) with a first magnet (64) is arranged, which corresponds to an opposite second magnet (65) within the relatively short press piston (11a), at least one primary gear (52) and the rotary drive motor (51) for the threaded spindle (47) are each stationary on the cylinder base (11g).

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