EP1311725B1 - Nichtplanares seidenpapier - Google Patents

Nichtplanares seidenpapier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1311725B1
EP1311725B1 EP01962368A EP01962368A EP1311725B1 EP 1311725 B1 EP1311725 B1 EP 1311725B1 EP 01962368 A EP01962368 A EP 01962368A EP 01962368 A EP01962368 A EP 01962368A EP 1311725 B1 EP1311725 B1 EP 1311725B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tissue
elevated regions
fibrous web
topography
article
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP01962368A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1311725A2 (de
Inventor
Patrick P. Chen
Daniel R. Sprangers
Mark A. Burazin
Wen Schroeder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
Original Assignee
Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=27093689&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1311725(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from US09/641,355 external-priority patent/US6464829B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/641,100 external-priority patent/US6478927B1/en
Application filed by Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc, Kimberly Clark Corp filed Critical Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Publication of EP1311725A2 publication Critical patent/EP1311725A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1311725B1 publication Critical patent/EP1311725B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/02—Patterned paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/02—Patterned paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/005—Mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
    • D21H27/40—Multi-ply at least one of the sheets being non-planar, e.g. crêped

Definitions

  • tissue Consumers use paper wiping products, such as tissues, for a wide variety of applications.
  • various types of tissues can be used for applications, such as for nose care, cosmetics, eyeglass cleaning, etc.
  • a user of such tissues requires that the tissues possess a relatively soft feel.
  • various mechanisms have been utilized to produce tissues having a soft feel.
  • a tissue is softened through the application of a chemical additive (i.e., softener) that is capable of enhancing the soft feel of the tissue product.
  • a side of the tissue is imparted with domes to provide a softer feel.
  • domes were typically imparted onto a tissue surface by the application of pressure.
  • Trokhan describes a process for forming a web by adhering the web to a surface of a heated dryer drum and pressing it between the drum and a roller at a nip to form a web surface with different elevations. Thereafter, the web is creped from the dryer and wound up at a reel.
  • one problem with such conventional tissues is that they typically have a "two-sided" feel. Moreover, such conventional tissues also generally have relatively poor absorption properties.
  • a conventional tissue such as described above, is generally characterized as having relatively high density regions and relatively low regions. Accordingly, these conventional tissues possess a substantial fiber density gradient in the x-y plane (or the plane formed by the machine direction and cross-machine direction), while possessing a relatively low fiber density gradient in the -z direction so that a higher density gradient exists in the x-y plane than in the -z direction.
  • the conventional tissues discussed above also have a substantial pore size distribution gradient in the x-y plane and a relatively low pore size distribution gradient in the -z direction so that a higher pore size distribution gradient exists in the x-y plane than in the -z direction.
  • a conventional tissue has larger pores formed by the regions and smaller pores formed by the regions.
  • liquids normally flow at a faster rate through larger pores than smaller pores, a user's hand can be easily wetted when using the prior art tissues. Specifically, water can flow readily flow through the pores of the regions onto a user's hand.
  • the present invention is generally directed to a tissue with surfaces having elevated regions.
  • a tissue of the present invention includes one surface with one topography and another surface with a different topography.
  • the present invention is directed to a tissue having "elevated regions" on two surfaces.
  • “elevated regions” generally refer to any type of shape imparted onto a tissue surface including, but not limited to, dome, parabola, hyperbola, inverted cone, multiples or combinations thereof or variable contour shapes.
  • a tissue of the present invention can be provided with two surfaces having elevated regions so that the surfaces have at least one different topographical characteristic, such as a different pitch depth, number (i.e., number of elevated regions in a given area), pitch width, direction, shape, etc.
  • a variety of well-known papermaking techniques and devices can be utilized.
  • devices containing protrusions such as patterned fabrics, patterned rolls, wire-mesh, etc.
  • various papermaking techniques such as through-air drying, creping, embossing, calendering, etc., can be utilized when forming the tissue.
  • the tissue can be formed utilizing a technique known as uncreped through-air drying.
  • a fibrous web is first deposited onto a forming fabric. From the forming fabric, the web is then transferred to a transfer fabric with the assistance of a vacuum box or shoe, if desired.
  • the consistency of the web is typically less than about 35% dry weight, and particularly between about 15% to about 30% dry weight.
  • the transfer fabric can also be provided with protrusions, as stated above, to impart elevated regions onto one surface of the tissue.
  • the protrusions of the transfer fabric can generally vary as desired.
  • the transfer fabric can have protrusions of a pitch depth greater than about 0.010 mm, particularly between about 0.025 to about 2 mm, and more particularly between about 1 to about 1.8 mm; and a pitch width greater than about 0.001 mm, particularly between about 0.005 to about 5 mm, and more particularly between about 0.25 mm to about 2.5 mm.
  • the transfer fabric can also have differing protrusion directions, number per unit area, shapes, etc.
  • the fibrous web is then transferred to a through-air dryer to substantially dry the web, although other dryers are equally suitable.
  • the web can be transferred from the transfer fabric to the through-air dryer at a consistency less than about 60% by weight, and particularly between about 25% to about 50% dry weight.
  • the through-air dryer in some instances, can also contain a device for imparting elevated regions onto a surface of the tissue.
  • the device can be a wire-mesh surface or a patterned fabric wrapped around the through-air dryer.
  • a through-air drying fabric can be utilized that has certain protrusions of a pitch depth greater than about 0.010 mm, particularly between about 0.025 to about 2 mm, and more particularly between about 1 to about 1.8 mm; and a pitch width greater than about 0.001 mm, particularly between about 0.005 to about 5 mm, and more particularly between about 0.25 to about 2.5 mm.
  • the through-air drying fabric can also have differing protrusion directions, number per unit area, shapes, etc.
  • the through-air dryer can contain wire-mesh that also has spaces defined by certain wire protrusions.
  • the wire-mesh is formed such that the spaces make up at least about 20% of the overall area of the total wire-mesh surface area.
  • the wire-mesh surface can contain wire protrusions having a diameter of about 0.029 mm and also spaces defined by the protrusions having an area of about 0.005 mm 2 .
  • a pressure roll can press the tissue against the through-air dryer as the tissue travels through a nip.
  • the pressure roll can have a smooth or patterned surface, or can have a smooth or patterned fabric wrapped around the roll.
  • the pressure roll can apply a pressure less than about 60 pounds per square inch (psi), and particularly between about 35 to about 40 psi, to one or more surfaces of the tissue.
  • the tissue of the present invention is generally formed with two surfaces having elevated regions.
  • each surface includes elevated regions having at least one different topographical characteristic, such as, pitch depth, pitch width, number per unit area, direction, etc.
  • one surface of the tissue has at least about 50% more elevated regions per square inch than the other surface of the tissue, and particularly between about 50% to about 300%.
  • the pitch depth of the elevated regions of one surface of the tissue in some embodiments, is between about 20% to about 100% greater than the pitch depth of the elevated regions of the other surface of the tissue.
  • a tissue of the present invention has a substantial fiber density gradient in the -z direction.
  • a tissue of the present invention can also have a relatively low fiber density gradient in the x-y plane so that a higher density gradient exists in the -z direction than in the x-y plane.
  • the resulting tissues can have a variety of improved characteristics, such as improved absorbency.
  • tissues of the present invention can also have a substantial pore size distribution gradient in the -z direction and a relatively low pore size distribution gradient in the x-y plane so that a higher pore size distribution gradient exists in the -z direction than in the x-y plane.
  • the tissue can absorb liquids at a slower rate. Further, as a result of having a relatively low pore size distribution density gradient in the x-y plane, the tissue can also act as a liquid transfer barrier for liquid flowing through the tissue.
  • a tissue of the present invention is directed to a tissue having "elevated regions" onto two surfaces.
  • a tissue of the present invention can include two surfaces having elevated regions with topographies that differ with respect to at one topographical characteristic, such as pitch depth, number (i.e., number of elevated regions in a given area), pitch width, direction, etc.
  • any of a variety of tissues or other types of paper webs can be formed with elevated regions in accordance with the present invention.
  • the tissue can be a single or multi-ply tissue.
  • the basis weight of a tissue of the present invention is less than about 120 grams per square meter (gsm), particularly less than about 60 gsm, particularly from about 10 to about 50 gsm, and more particularly between about 15 to about 35 gsm.
  • a tissue of the present invention can generally be formed from any of a variety of materials.
  • a variety of natural and/or synthetic fibers can be used.
  • some suitable natural fibers can include, but are not limited to, nonwoody fibers, such as abaca, sabai grass, milkweed floss fibers, pineapple leaf fibers; softwood fibers, such as northern and southern softwood kraft fibers; and hardwood fibers, such as eucalyptus, maple, birch, aspen, and the like.
  • suitable pulps include southern pines, red cedar, hemlock, and black spruce.
  • Exemplary commercially available long pulp fibers suitable for the present invention include those available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation under the trade designations "Longlac-19".
  • furnishes including recycled fibers may also be utilized.
  • suitable synthetic fibers can include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic synthetic fibers, such as rayon fibers and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer fibers, as well as hydrophobic synthetic fibers, such as polyolefin fibers.
  • a tissue of the present invention can generally be formed utilizing any of a variety of papermaking processes.
  • the present invention is not limited to any particular papermaking process.
  • any process capable of forming a paper web can be utilized in the present invention.
  • a papermaking process of the present invention can utilize creping, embossing, wet-pressing, through-air-drying, creped through-air-drying, uncreped through-air-drying, single recreping, double recreping, calendering, as well as other steps in forming the tissue.
  • tissue of the present invention relates to one method for forming the tissue of the present invention with elevated regions utilizing a papermaking technique known as uncreped through-drying.
  • a papermaking technique known as uncreped through-drying. Examples of such a technique are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,048,589 to Cook, et al. ; 5,399,412 to Sudall, et al. ; 5,510,001 to Hermans, et al. ; 5,591,309 to Rugowski, et al. ; and 6,017,417 to Wendt, et al. , which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference thereto.
  • Uncreped through-air drying generally involves the steps of: (1) forming a furnish of cellulosic fibers, water, and optionally, other additives; (2) depositing the furnish on a traveling foraminous belt, thereby forming a fibrous web on top of the traveling foraminous belt; (3) subjecting the fibrous web to through-drying to remove the water from the fibrous web; and (4) removing the dried fibrous web from the traveling foraminous belt.
  • a papermaking headbox 10 can be used to inject or deposit a stream of an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers onto a forming fabric 13, which serves to support and carry the newly-formed wet web 11 downstream in the process as the web is partially dewatered to a consistency of about 10 dry weight percent. Additional dewatering of the wet web can be carried out, such as by vacuum suction, while the wet web is supported by the forming fabric.
  • the headbox 10 may be a conventional headbox or may be a stratified headbox capable of producing a multilayered unitary web. Further, multiple headboxes may be used to create a layered structure, as is known in the art.
  • Forming fabric 13 can generally be made from any suitable porous material, such as metal wires or polymeric filaments. Suitable fabrics can include, but are not limited to, Albany 84M and 94M available from Albany International of Albany, N.Y.; Asten 856, 866, 892, 959, 937 and Asten Synweve Design 274, available from Asten Forming Fabrics, Inc. of Appleton, Wis. The fabric can also be a woven fabric as taught in U.S. Patent No. 4,529,480 to Trokhan , which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto. Forming fabrics or felts comprising nonwoven base layers may also be useful, including those of Scapa Corporation made with extruded polyurethane foam such as the Spectra Series.
  • Relatively smooth forming fabrics can be used, as well as textured fabrics suitable for imparting texture and basis weight variations to the web.
  • Other suitable fabrics may include Asten 934 and 939, or Lindsey 952-505 and 2164 fabric from Appleton Mills, Wis.
  • a "transfer fabric” is a fabric which is positioned between the forming section and the drying section of the web manufacturing process.
  • the transfer fabric 17 typically travels at a slower speed than the forming fabric 13 in order to impart increased stretch into the web.
  • the relative speed difference between the two fabrics can be from 0% to about 80%, particularly greater than about 10%, more particularly from about 10% to about 60%, and most particularly from about 10% to about 40%. This is commonly referred to as "rush" transfer.
  • rush transfer One useful method of performing rush transfer is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,667,636 to Engel et al. , which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto.
  • Transfer may be carried out with the assistance of a vacuum shoe 18 such that the forming fabric 13 and the transfer fabric 17 simultaneously converge and diverge at the leading edge of the vacuum slot.
  • the vacuum shoe 18 can supply pressure at levels between about 10 to about 25 inches of mercury.
  • the vacuum transfer shoe 18 (negative pressure) can be supplemented or replaced by the use of positive pressure from the opposite side of the web to blow the web onto the next fabric.
  • other vacuum shoes such as a vacuum shoe 20, can also be utilized to assist in drawing the fibrous web 11 onto the surface of the transfer fabric 17.
  • the consistency of the fibrous web 11 can vary. For instance, when assisted by the vacuum shoe 18 at vacuum level of about 10 to about 25 inches of mercury, the consistency of the web 11 may be up to about 35% dry weight, and particularly between about 15% to about 30% dry weight.
  • the transfer fabric 17 is a patterned fabric having protrusions or impression knuckles, such as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,017,417 to Wendt et al. , which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto.
  • a patterned transfer fabric 17 can have protrusions 37 that allows the fibrous web 11 to be imparted with elevated regions as it is pressed into contact with the transfer fabric 17.
  • one surface of the fibrous web can be imparted with elevated regions, such as shown in Figures 7A-7B.
  • a patterned transfer fabric 17 can generally have any pattern desired.
  • a pattern for the transfer fabric 17 may imprint the fibrous web 11 with between about 5 to about 300 elevated regions per square inch.
  • the protrusions 37 may have a pitch depth "a" greater than about 0.010 mm, particularly between about 0.025 to about 2 mm, and more particularly between about 1 to about 1.8 mm; and a pitch width "b" greater than about 0.001 mm, particularly between about 0.005 to about 5 mm, and more particularly between about 0.25 to about 2.5 mm.
  • the transfer fabric can have a wire-mesh surface, as is well known in the art.
  • the transfer fabric has a wire-mesh surface where the wire has a diameter of 1.14 millimeters and a "mesh-count" of 8 x 13.
  • the mesh-count refers to the number of open spaces formed per inch by the wire-mesh in a certain direction.
  • a mesh-count of 8 x 13 can refer to a wire-mesh with 8 spaces in length and 13 spaces in width.
  • the transfer fabric 17 can also have protrusions 37 in more than one plane, if desired, to provide elevated regions having differing pitch depths.
  • the method of the present invention is not limited to any particular spacing, amount, or size of protrusions 37.
  • the transfer fabric 17 can also possess protrusions 37 positioned at any desired angle.
  • the pitch direction of the protrusions can be in the machine direction, or at an angle up to about 45° from the machine direction. However, other angles can be utilized, particularly when forming a tissue having a more complex or irregular surface topology.
  • the pitch direction of different protrusions 37 of the transfer fabric 17 can also be positioned at different angles as well.
  • the fibrous web 11 is then transferred to the through-air dryer 21, optionally with the aid of a vacuum transfer shoe 42 or roll.
  • the vacuum transfer roll or shoe 42 (negative pressure) can also be supplemented or replaced by the use of positive pressure from the opposite side of the web to blow the web onto the next fabric.
  • the web 11 is typically transferred from the transfer fabric 17 to the through-air dryer 21 at the nip 40 at a consistency less than about 60% by weight, and particularly between about 25% to about 50% dry weight.
  • a pressure roll 45 can be utilized to press the web 11 against the through-air dryer 21 at a nip 40.
  • the roll 45 can be of made any of a variety of materials, such as of steel, aluminum, magnesium, brass, or hard urethane.
  • the surface of the pressure roll 45 can vary depending on the characteristics of the papermaking process. In particular, when the "roll side" of the fibrous web 11 is previously imparted with domes by a patterned transfer fabric 17, it may be more desirable that the pressure roll 45 have a smooth surface. As used herein, the "roll side" of the fibrous web refers to the side of the web 11 facing the pressure roll 45 at the nip 40.
  • a smooth-surfaced pressure roll 45 can be accomplished in a variety of well-known ways. For example, the pressure roll 45 itself can have a relatively smooth surface. Moreover, in some instances, a relatively smooth fabric can be wrapped around the pressure roll 45.
  • the pressure roll 45 can have a patterned surface or be wrapped with a patterned fabric, as is well known in the art.
  • a patterned pressure roll 45 may be utilized to impart elevated regions onto the "roll side" of the fibrous web when the transfer fabric 17 has a smooth surface.
  • a patterned pressure roll 45 is not necessarily required.
  • the surface of the pressure roll 45 generally presses the fibrous web 11 against the through-dryer 21 at the nip 40.
  • the pressure roll 45 can press the web 11 against the dryer 21 at a variety of pressures. For instance, in some embodiments, a roll pressure less than about 60 pounds per square inch (psi), and particularly between about 35 to about 40 psi, can be utilized.
  • the through-air dryer 21 is provided with a patterned surface to impart domes onto the "dryer side" of the web 11.
  • the "dryer side” of the web 11 generally refers to the side of the fibrous web 11 facing the dryer 21 at the nip 40.
  • a patterned surface for the through-air dryer 21 can be provided in a variety of ways.
  • the through-air dryer 21 can be formed with a wire-mesh surface, such as well known in the art, to impart a surface with elevated regions onto the "dryer side" of the web.
  • the through-air dryer 21 has a wire-mesh surface in which the wire 47 has a diameter of about 0.029 mm and the spaces 49 defined by the wire have an area of about 0.005 mm 2 .
  • the wire 47 has a diameter of about 1 mm and a mesh-count of 4 x 4.
  • the wire-mesh is formed such that the open spaces 49 make up at least about 20% of the overall area of the total wire-mesh surface area. It should be understood, however, that wire-mesh surfaces of a variety of sizes may be suitable for use in the present invention.
  • the through-air dryer 21 may also be provided with a through-air drying fabric 19, such as depicted in Figures 1 and 3-4.
  • the through-air drying fabric 19 can travel at about the same speed or a different speed relative to the transfer fabric 17.
  • the through-air drying fabric 19 can run at a slower speed to further enhance stretch.
  • the through-air drying fabric 19 is typically provided with various protrusions or impression knuckles to impart a surface with elevated regions onto the "dryer side" of the fibrous web.
  • Some examples of such fabrics are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,017,417 to Wendt et al. .
  • the through-air drying fabric 19 may be woven or nonwoven.
  • the patterned through-air drying fabric 19 can have any pattern desired.
  • protrusions 47 of the through-air drying fabric 19 may imprint the fibrous web 11 with between about 5 to about 300 elevated regions per square inch.
  • the protrusions 47 may have a pitch depth "a" greater than about 0.010 mm, particularly between about 0.025 to about 2 mm, and more particularly between about 1 to about 1.8 mm; and a pitch width "b" greater than about 0.001 mm, particularly between about 0.005 to about 5 mm, and more particularly between about 0.25 to about 2.5 mm.
  • the through-air drying fabric 19 can also have protrusions 47 in more than one plane, if desired, to provide elevated regions having differing pitch depths.
  • the method of the present invention is not limited to any particular number or size of protrusions 47.
  • the through-air drying fabric19 can also possess protrusions 47 positioned at any desired angle.
  • the pitch direction of the protrusions 47 can be in the machine direction, or at an angle up to about 45° from the machine direction. However, other angles can be utilized, particularly when forming a tissue having a more complex or irregular surface topography.
  • the pitch direction of different protrusions 47 of the through-air drying fabric 19 can also be positioned at different angles as well.
  • the "dryer side" of the fibrous web 11 is generally provided with a different pattern of elevated regions than the "roll side".
  • the pressure roll 45 simultaneously presses the fibrous web 11 into contact with the transfer fabric 17 and the through-air drying fabric 19 at the nip 40.
  • the transfer fabric 17 has a first pattern of protrusions 37 and imparts the "roll side” of the web 11 with a first pattern of elevated regions, while the through-air drying fabric 19 has a second pattern of protrusions 47 and imparts the "dryer side" of the web 11 with a second pattern of elevated regions.
  • the through-air dryer 21 can then accomplish the removal of moisture from the web 11 by passing air through the web without applying any mechanical pressure.
  • Through-air drying can also increase the bulk and softness of the web.
  • the through-dryer can contain a rotatable, perforated cylinder and a hood 50 for receiving hot air blown through perforations of the cylinder as the through-air drying fabric 19 carries the fibrous web 11 over the upper portion of the cylinder. The heated air is forced through the perforations in the cylinder of the through-air dryer 21 and removes the remaining water from the fibrous web 11.
  • the temperature of the air forced through the fibrous web 11 by the through-air dryer 21 can vary, but is typically from about 250°F to about 500°F. It should also be understood that other non-compressive drying methods, such as microwave or infrared heating, can be used. Moreover, if desired, certain compressive heating methods, such as Yankee dryers, may be used as well.
  • the web While supported by the through-air drying fabric 19, the web can then be dried to a consistency of about 95 percent or greater by the through-air dryer 21 and thereafter transferred to a carrier fabric 22.
  • the dried basesheet 23 having two sides with elevated regions is then transported to from the carrier fabric 22 to a reel 24, where it is wound.
  • An optional turning roll 26 can be used to facilitate transfer of the web from the carrier fabric 22 to the reel 24.
  • the process described above is but one method for forming a tissue having elevated regions in accordance with the present invention.
  • other well-known papermaking steps such as creping, etc.
  • the process of forming the tissue of the present invention is also not limited to the employment of the above-mentioned devices for imparting elevated regions onto a surface of a tissue (e.g., transfer fabrics, pressure rolls, through-air drying fabrics, etc.).
  • other devices such as other fabrics, rolls, and the like, may be employed to impart the desired elevated regions.
  • each surface of a tissue By providing each surface of a tissue with elevated regions, it has been discovered that the tissue can have a variety of improved characteristics, such as improved softness and absorbency. For instance, because the tissue has relatively lightly bonded elevated regions on each surface, each side of the tissue typically has a soft feel.
  • a tissue of the present invention also possesses a variety of other advantageous properties.
  • the surfaces of the tissue can increase the absorption rate of a liquid and/or act as a barrier to liquid transfer through the tissue.
  • a tissue of the present invention can generally have a relatively low fiber density gradient in the x-y (or machine direction) plane, while also having a substantial fiber density gradient in the -z direction so that a higher density gradient exists in the -z direction than in the x-y plane.
  • each tissue surface is imparted with elevated regions having different topographical characteristics, such as different depths, widths, direction, number of elevated regions per unit area, etc.
  • one surface of the tissue has at least about 50% more elevated regions per square inch than the other surface of the tissue, and particularly between about 50% to about 300%.
  • the pitch depth of the elevated regions of one surface of the tissue in some embodiments, is between about 20% to about 100% greater than the pitch depth of the elevated regions of the other surface of the tissue.
  • the tissue 60 has a first surface 62 with elevated regions 63 and a second surface 72 with elevated regions 73 such that the first surface 62 has at least one different topographical characteristic than the second surface 72.
  • the number (i.e., elevated regions per square inch) of elevated regions 73 is less than the number of elevations 63, while the elevated regions 73 have a greater pitch width and depth than the elevated regions 63. Due to their smaller number per square inch and greater size, the elevated regions 73 typically contain fibers that maintain a relatively larger distance from each other.
  • the elevated regions 73 tend to have a relatively lower fiber density.
  • the elevated regions 63 typically contain fibers that tend to maintain a relatively shorter distance from each other.
  • the elevated regions 63 of the first surface 62 tend to have a higher fiber density than the elevated regions 73 of the second surface 72. Accordingly, tissues made in accordance with the present invention have a substantial fiber density gradient in the -z direction.
  • the tissues of the present invention also have a relatively low fiber density gradient in the x-y plane.
  • the fiber densities of the first surface 62 and the second surface 72 do not substantially change in the x-y plane.
  • the use of elevated regions on each surface of the tissue causes much of the fiber compression to occur near the smaller elevated regions 63 of the first surface 62, rather than the larger elevated regions 73 of the second surface 72.
  • the fiber densities in the x-y plane may vary somewhat for one surface (i.e., vary from the portions of the surface impressed between protrusions and portions of the surface forming the elevated regions), the fiber densities in the x-y plane do not substantially change, such as in conventional tissues.
  • the resulting tissue can have a variety of improved characteristics, such as improved absorbency.
  • an elevated region with less hydrogen bonding between fibers generally possesses a greater pore size distribution than an elevated region with more hydrogen bonding between fibers.
  • the larger elevated regions 73 of the second surface 72 have pores 74 with a certain area.
  • the smaller elevated regions 63 of the first surface 62 have pores 64 that are generally smaller in area than the pores 74.
  • tissues of the present invention typically have a substantial pore size distribution gradient in the -z direction and a relatively low pore size distribution gradient in the x-y plane so that a higher pore size distribution gradient exists in the -z direction than in the x-y plane. Because tissues of the present invention have such a pore size distribution gradient in the -z direction, for example, it is believed that a capillary affect can occur that causes a liquid traveling therethrough to flow more readily through the larger pores than the smaller pores. The smaller pores act as a "vacuum" to attract liquid from the larger pores, which thus increases the rate of absorption of the liquid from the tissue surface.
  • the liquid flows at a slower rate through the smaller pores, the liquid tends to reside in the smaller pores for a longer period of time. Further, as a result of having a relatively low pore size distribution density gradient in the x-y plane, the liquid can disperse from certain smaller pores to other smaller pores in the x-y plane. As a result, the smaller pores can often act as a liquid transfer barrier for liquid flowing through the tissue.
  • a tissue of the present invention can have larger pores 74 and smaller pores 64.
  • a liquid contacts the second surface having larger pores 74, it quickly flows therethrough. Once the liquid flows through the larger pores, it then contacts the smaller pores 64 and is dispersed in the x-y plane.
  • the absorption rate of the liquid is increased by one tissue surface, while a liquid transfer barrier for keeping the hands of a user relatively dry is provided by the other tissue surface.
  • the liquid may also first contact the first surface 62 having smaller pores 64. In such instances, the first surface 62 can still act as a liquid transfer barrier for keeping the hands of a user relatively dry.
  • a tissue of the present invention can be a single- or multi-ply tissue.
  • one or more of the plies may be formed in accordance with the present invention.
  • only the outer surfaces of the multi-ply tissue may be imparted with elevated regions.
  • a two-ply tissue can be formed.
  • the first ply can have one surface with elevated regions and another surface with non-elevated regions.
  • the second ply can also have one surface with elevated regions and another surface with non-elevated regions.
  • the non-elevated surface of the first ply can then be placed adjacent to the non-elevated surface of the second ply to form a multi-ply tissue having two surfaces with elevated regions.
  • both surfaces of a single ply can have elevated regions, but of differing size.
  • the first ply for example, can have one surface with larger (e.g., depth, width, etc.) elevated regions and another surface with smaller elevated regions.
  • the second ply can also have one surface with larger elevated regions and another surface with smaller elevated regions.
  • the smaller elevated surface of the first ply can then be placed adjacent to the smaller elevated surface of the second ply to form a multi-ply tissue with certain beneficial properties.
  • a liquid be quickly absorbed into the center of the multi-ply tissue, and dispersed in the x-y plane by the surfaces having smaller elevated regions.
  • a multi-ply tissue made according to the present invention can be particularly useful to consumers.
  • consumers often use more than one tissue at once.
  • the liquid tends to flow along the x-y instead of in the z-direction.
  • the time required for liquid transfer through the tissue is increased. This provides a unique benefit in that a consumer's hand can be protected without loosing the tissue liquid absorbent capability.
  • a tissue of the present invention can also have a variety of other benefits as well.
  • a tissue having elevated regions on each surface can increase the caliper of the tissue, which allows for the use of smaller elevated regions (e.g., smaller pitch depth or width) to provide a desired sheet thickness.
  • smaller elevated regions e.g., smaller pitch depth or width
  • lint and slough may also be reduced.

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  • Paper (AREA)
  • Sanitary Thin Papers (AREA)

Claims (31)

  1. Fertigungserzeugnis, das umfasst:
    ein Tissue-Papier mit einer ersten Oberfläche und einer zweiten Oberfläche, wobei die erste Oberfläche des Tissue-Papiers erhabene Bereiche aufweist, die eine erste Topografie bilden, die zweite Oberfläche des Tissue-Papiers erhabene Bereiche aufweist, die eine zweite Topografie bilden, die sich hinsichtlich wenigstens einer topografischen Eigenschaft von der ersten Topografie unterscheidet, und das Tissue-Papier in der z-Richtung einen höheren Faserdichte-Gradienten hat als in der x-y-Ebene.
  2. Fertigungserzeugnis nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Tissue-Papier in der z-Richtung einen höheren Porengrößenverteilungs-Gradienten hat als in der x-y-Ebene.
  3. Fertigungserzeugnis nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Fasern Zellstofffasern enthalten.
  4. Fertigungserzeugnis nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Tissue-Papier ein Flächengewicht von weniger als ungefähr 120 Gramm pro Quadratmeter hat.
  5. Fertigungserzeugnis nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Tissue-Papier ein Flächengewicht von weniger als ungefähr 60 Gramm hat.
  6. Fertigungserzeugnis nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Tissue-Papier mehrere Lagen umfasst.
  7. Fertigungserzeugnis nach Anspruch 6, wobei eine Lage die erste Oberfläche bildet und eine andere Lage die zweite Oberfläche bildet.
  8. Fertigungserzeugnis nach Anspruch 6, wobei eine Lage die erste Oberfläche und die zweite Oberfläche bildet.
  9. Tissue-Papier, das umfasst:
    eine Faserbahn, die Zellstofffasern enthält und eine erste Oberfläche sowie eine zweite Oberfläche hat, wobei die erste Oberfläche der Faserbahn erhabene Bereiche aufweist, die eine erste Topografie bilden, die zweite Oberfläche der Faserbahn erhabene Bereiche aufweist, die eine zweite Topografie bilden, die sich hinsichtlich wenigstens einer topografischen Eigenschaft von der ersten Topografie unterscheidet, und die Faserbahn in der z-Richtung einen höheren Faserdichte-Gradienten hat als in der x-y-Ebene und in der z-Richtung einen höheren Porengrößenverteilungs-Gradienten als in der-x-y-Ebene.
  10. Tissue-Papier oder Erzeugnis nach Anspruch 1 oder 9, wobei die wenigstens eine topografische Eigenschaft aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die aus Stichtiefe (pitch depth), Stichbreite (pitch width), Richtung, Anzahl erhabener Bereiche pro Flächeneinheit und Kombinationen daraus besteht.
  11. Tissue-Papier oder Erzeugnis nach Anspruch 1 oder 9, wobei die zweite Oberfläche mit wenigstens 50 % mehr erhabenen Bereichen pro Quadratinch versehen ist als die erste Oberfläche.
  12. Tissue-Papier oder Erzeugnis nach Anspruch 1 oder 9, wobei die zweite Oberfläche mit zwischen ungefähr 50 % und ungefähr 300 % mehr erhabenen Bereichen pro Quadratinch versehen ist als die erste Oberfläche.
  13. Tissue-Papier oder Erzeugnis nach Anspruch 1 oder 9, wobei die erhabenen Bereiche der zweiten Oberfläche eine Stichtiefe haben, die zwischen ungefähr 20 % und ungefähr 100 % größer ist als die Stichtiefe der erhabenen Bereichen der ersten Oberfläche.
  14. Tissue-Papier oder Erzeugnis nach Anspruch 9, wobei das Tissue-Papier mehrere Lagen enthält und eine der Lagen eine Faserbahn so umfasst, dass eine äußere Oberfläche des Tissue-Papiers durch die erste Oberfläche der Faserbahn gebildet wird.
  15. Tissue-Papier nach Anspruch 14, das des Weiteren eine zweite Faserbahn umfasst, die Zellstofffasern mit einer ersten Oberfläche und einer zweiten Oberfläche enthält, wobei die erste Oberfläche der Faserbahn erhabene Bereiche aufweist, die eine dritte Topografie bilden, die zweite Oberfläche der Faserbahn erhabene Bereiche aufweist, die eine vierte Topografie bilden, die sich hinsichtlich wenigstens einer topografischen Eigenschaft von der dritten Topografie unterscheidet, und die zweite Faserbahn in der z-Richtung einen höheren Faserdichte-Gradienten hat als in der x-y-Ebene sowie in der z-Richtung einen höheren Porengrößenverteilungs-Gradienten als in der x-y-Ebene.
  16. Tissue-Papier nach Anspruch 15, wobei eine andere der Lagen die zweite Faserbahn so umfasst, dass die andere äußere Oberfläche der Bahn durch die erste Oberfläche der zweiten Faserbahn gebildet wird.
  17. Verfahren, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    Bereitstellen einer Papierbahn, die Fasern enthält und eine erste Oberfläche sowie eine zweite Oberfläche aufweist;
    Herstellen von Kontakt der ersten Oberfläche der Papierbahn mit einer ersten Vorrichtung, die Vorsprünge enthält, so dass die Vorsprünge der ersten Vorrichtung die erste Oberfläche mit erhabenen Bereichen versehen, wobei die erhabenen Bereiche der ersten Oberfläche eine erste Topografie bilden; und
    Herstellen von Kontakt der zweiten Oberfläche der Papierbahn mit einer zweiten Vorrichtung, die Vorsprünge enthält, so dass die Vorsprünge der zweiten Vorrichtung die zweite Oberfläche mit erhabenen Bereichen versehen, wobei die erhabenen Bereiche der zweiten Oberfläche eine zweite Topografie bilden, die sich hinsichtlich wenigstens einer topografischen Eigenschaft von der ersten topografischen Eigenschaft unterscheidet, und die Papierbahn in der z-Richtung einen höheren Faserdichte-Gradienten hat als in der x-y-Ebene.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, wobei die erste Vorrichtung aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die aus einem Tuch, Drahtgeflecht und einer Walze besteht.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, wobei die zweite Vorrichtung aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die aus einem Tuch, Drahtgeflecht und einer Walze besteht.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, das des Weiteren den Schritt des Ausübens von Druck auf die erste Oberfläche umfasst, während die erste Vorrichtung in Kontakt mit der ersten Oberfläche ist.
  21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, das des Weiteren den Schritt des Ausübens von Druck auf die zweite Oberfläche umfasst, während die zweite Vorrichtung in Kontakt mit der zweiten Oberfläche ist.
  22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, wobei der auf die erste Oberfläche ausgeübte Druck weniger als ungefähr 60 psi beträgt.
  23. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, wobei der auf die erste Oberfläche ausgeübte Druck zwischen ungefähr 35 und ungefähr 45 psi beträgt.
  24. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, das des Weiteren den Schritt des Ausübens von Druck auf die zweite Oberfläche umfasst, während die zweite Vorrichtung in Kontakt mit der zweiten Oberfläche ist.
  25. Verfahren nach Anspruch 24, wobei der auf die zweite Oberfläche ausgeübte Druck weniger als ungefähr 60 psi beträgt.
  26. Verfahren nach Anspruch 24, wobei der auf die zweite Oberfläche ausgeübte Druck zwischen ungefähr 35 und ungefähr 45 psi beträgt.
  27. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 26, das des Weiteren den Schritt des Trocknens der Papierbahn umfasst.
  28. Verfahren nach Anspruch 27, wobei der Trockenschritt mittels Lufttrocknen (through-air drying) durchgeführt wird.
  29. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 28, wobei die wenigstens eine topografische Eigenschaft aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die aus Stichtiefe, Stichbreite, Richtung, Anzahl erhabener Bereiche pro Flächeneinheit und Kombinationen daraus besteht.
  30. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 28, wobei die zweite Oberfläche mit wenigstens 50 % mehr erhabenen Bereichen pro Quadratinch versehen wird als die erste Oberfläche.
  31. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 28, wobei die erhabenen Bereiche der zweiten Oberfläche eine Stichtiefe haben, die zwischen ungefähr 20 % und ungefähr 100 % größer ist als die Stichtiefe der erhabenen Bereiche der ersten Oberfläche.
EP01962368A 2000-08-17 2001-08-14 Nichtplanares seidenpapier Revoked EP1311725B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US641100 2000-08-17
US09/641,355 US6464829B1 (en) 2000-08-17 2000-08-17 Tissue with surfaces having elevated regions
US09/641,100 US6478927B1 (en) 2000-08-17 2000-08-17 Method of forming a tissue with surfaces having elevated regions
US641355 2000-08-17
PCT/US2001/041701 WO2002014605A2 (en) 2000-08-17 2001-08-14 Non planar tissue paper

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1311725A2 EP1311725A2 (de) 2003-05-21
EP1311725B1 true EP1311725B1 (de) 2006-07-26

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EP (1) EP1311725B1 (de)
KR (1) KR100828273B1 (de)
AU (1) AU2001283557B2 (de)
BR (1) BR0113324A (de)
CA (1) CA2419143C (de)
DE (1) DE60121778T2 (de)
MX (1) MXPA03001107A (de)
WO (1) WO2002014605A2 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5556509A (en) * 1994-06-29 1996-09-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper structures having at least three regions including a transition region interconnecting relatively thinner regions disposed at different elevations, and apparatus and process for making the same
DE69912819T2 (de) * 1998-09-11 2004-09-23 The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati Mehrschichtiges seidenpapier

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AU2001283557B2 (en) 2006-02-02
KR20040014390A (ko) 2004-02-14
DE60121778T2 (de) 2007-07-12
KR100828273B1 (ko) 2008-05-07
WO2002014605A2 (en) 2002-02-21
MXPA03001107A (es) 2004-01-29
BR0113324A (pt) 2006-01-31
WO2002014605A3 (en) 2002-08-15
DE60121778D1 (de) 2006-09-07
CA2419143A1 (en) 2002-02-21
EP1311725A2 (de) 2003-05-21
CA2419143C (en) 2011-03-15

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