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  • C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
  • C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
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  • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
  • C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
  • C07D209/08—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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  • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
  • C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
  • C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
  • C07D209/14—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D491/08—Bridged systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D491/10—Spiro-condensed systems

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel cinnamide compounds having pharmacological activity, processes for their preparation, to compositions containing them and to their use in the treatment of CNS and other disorders.
• WO 96/23783, WO 97/48699 and WO 97/48700 all disclose a series of indoline derivatives which are 5-HT2C receptor antagonists and which are claimed to be useful in the treatment of various CNS disorders.
• a novel class of compounds has now been found which also possess 5-HT2C receptor activity.
• the present invention therefore provides, in a first aspect, a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
• Rl is halogen, Cj.galkyl, C ⁇ galkoxy, Ci ⁇ galkylthio, hydroxy, amino, mono- or di-Ci-galkylamino, nitro, CN, CF3, OCF3, aryl, arylCi-galkyl, arylCi-galkyloxy or arylC j -galkyll io; a is O, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; R.2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or C j .galkyl;
• R4 is hydrogen, halogen, C ⁇ . ⁇ alkyl, Ci. ⁇ alkoxy, aryl, cyano, haloCj.galkyl or haloC ⁇ _6-alkoxy;
• Z is carbon or nitrogen
• R5 is either: (i) a group NR ⁇ R? where R ⁇ and R? are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C ⁇ . galkyl or arylC ⁇ alkyl; or
• n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 subject to the proviso that n is not 0 when R ⁇ is a group (i) or (ii); represents a single or double bond;
• X and Y are independently CR ⁇ R ⁇ ( w hen represents a single bond) or X and Y are independently CR ⁇ O (when represents a double bond) wherein R ⁇ , R ⁇ and RIO are independently hydrogen or Ci ⁇ galkyl.
• halogen is used herein to describe a group selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• alkyl is used herein to describe a straight chain or branched fully saturated hydrocarbon group.
• C ⁇ galkyl refers to alkyl groups having from one to six carbon atoms in all isomeric forms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, sec-pentyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, tert- pentyl and hexyl.
• C ⁇ galkoxy refers to a straight chain or branched chain alkoxy (or “alkyloxy”) group having from one to six carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentoxy, neopentoxy, sec-pentoxy, n-pentoxy, isopentoxy, tert-pentoxy and hexoxy.
• Ci.galkylthio refers to a straight chain or branched chain alkylthio group having from one to six carbon atoms, such as methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio, pentylthio, neopentylthio, sec-pentylthio, n-pentylthio, isopentylthio, tert-pentylthio and hexylthio.
• mono- or di-Ci-galkylamino refers to an amino group which is substituted by one Cj-galkyl group or an amino group which is substituted by two Cj-6alkyl groups, the two amino groups being the same or different.
• monoCl-6alkylamino include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine, isobutylamine, sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, pentylamine, neopentylamine, sec-pentylamine, n-pentylamine, isopentylamine, tert- pentylamine and hexylamine.
• di Cl-6alkylamino examples include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, diburylamine, diisobutylamine, disec-butylamine, ditert-butylamine, dipentylamine, dineopentylamine, dihexylamine, butylmethylamino, isopropylmethylamino, ethylisopropylamino, ethylmethylamino, etc.
• aryl is used herein to describe aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic groups such as phenyl or naphthyl.
• Such groups can be optionally substituted by one or more groups such as C ⁇ galkyl, halogen, C ⁇ alkoxy, halo- substituted C ⁇ _6alkoxy (eg OCF 3 ), halo-substituted C ⁇ _6alkyl (eg CF 3 ), cyano, or sulphonyl.
• the aryl group can also be fused to other rings such as a dioxolanyl group.
• arylC ⁇ alkyl is used herein to describe an aryl group which is linked by a Cj.galkyl group.
• arylCi-galkyloxy is used herein to describe an aryl group which is linked by a Cj.galkyl group.
• arylCi-galkylthio refer respectively to an aryl group which is linked by a Ci- ⁇ alkyloxy or a Ci-galkylthio group. Examples include phenoxy and phenethylthio.
• Ci.galkyl group which is substituted by one or more halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Examples include CF 3 , CH 3 C1 and chloromethane.
• haloC ⁇ galkoxy refers to a Cj.galkoxy group which is substituted by one or more halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Examples include OCF 3 , OCH 3 Cl etc.
• N-linked heterocycle is used herein to describe a stable non- aromatic 5 - 7 membered ring containing at least 1 nitrogen atom and optionally a further 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen, wherein the heterocycle is linked to the remainder of the molecule via a nitrogen atom.
• C-linked heterocycle is used herein to describe a stable non- aromatic 5-7 membered ring containing at least 1 nitrogen atom and optionally a further 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen, wherein the heterocycle is linked to the remainder of the molecule via a carbon atom.
• N-linked or C-linked heterocycles include pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, imidazolidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl and azepanyl.
• Suitable optional substituents for N-linked and C-linked heterocycles include Cj_ galkyl, amino, mono- or di- C ⁇ galkylamino, aryl, arylC ⁇ _6alkyl, arylamino, hydroxy, Ci- ⁇ alkylamido, hydroxyC galkyl, C galkoxycarbonyl, halogen, haloCl-6alkyl, a heteroaromatic group such as indole or benzimidazole or a aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle-Co-6alkyl optionally substituted by C ⁇ alkyl.
• CQ alkyl indicates a single bond.
• heterocycle-CQ. ⁇ alkyl examples include heterocycle (such as piperidine or pyrrolidine), heterocycle-methyl (such as pyridinyl-methyl and benzimidazolyl-methyl) and heterocycle-ethyl (such as morpholinyl-ethyl and indolyl-ethyl). More than one optional substituent may be present, which may be the same or different, and may be attached to any carbon atom of the heterocycle or, when present, to a nitrogen atom.
• R 5 therefore also include 1,4-dioxa- 8-azaspiro[4.5]decyl, l,5-dioxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecyl, 2-oxa,5-aza- bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, and 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl.
• P is phenyl
• Rl is preferably halogen (particularly fluoro, chloro or bromo), a C ⁇ .galkyl group (particularly methyl), a C ⁇ alkoxy (particularly methoxy) or OCF3.
• R* may be the same or different.
• a is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
• R2 or R ⁇ is C galkyl
• a preferred group is methyl.
• R ⁇ and R3 are both hydrogen.
• Z is carbon
• R4 is hydrogen, halogen (particularly chloro or bromo), C ⁇ _ galkoxy (particularly methoxy) or C ⁇ galkyl group (particularly methyl).
• R ⁇ is a haloC galkyl, it is preferably CF 3 and when R ⁇ is a hak>C ⁇ _6alkoxy, it is preferably OCF 3 .
• Z is carbon and R ⁇ is at the 5 position of the indoline or indole ring:
• Z is carbon and R ⁇ is a methoxy group at the 5 position of the indoline or indole ring.
• R5 is a group of formula (i) or (ii)
• n is preferably 2 or 3.
• R ⁇ is a group (ii), most preferably a group (ii) in which the N- linked heterocycle is an unsubstituted piperidine or morpholine ring.
• R ⁇ is a group (i)
• R> and R? may be C ⁇ _ ⁇ alkyi or arylCi.galkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more of, for example, C j .galkoxy, cyano, hydroxy and heterocycles such as dioxolanyl.
• Particularly preferred compounds of this invention include:
• the compounds of formula (I) can form acid addition salts. It will be appreciated that for use in medicine the salts of the compounds of formula (I) should be pharmaceutically acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include those described in J. Pharm. Sci., 1977,
• 66, 1-19 such as acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acid; and organic acids e.g. succinic, maleic, acetic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid.
• inorganic acids e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acid
• organic acids e.g. succinic, maleic, acetic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid.
• the compounds of this invention may be in crystalline or non-crystalline form, and, if crystalline, may optionally be hydrated or solvated.
• This invention includes within its scope stoichiometric hydrates as well as compounds containing variable amounts of water.
• Certain compounds of formula (I) are capable of existing in stereoisomeric forms (e.g. geometric or (“cis-trans”) isomers, diastereomers and enantiomers) and the invention extends to each of these stereoisomeric forms and to mixtures thereof including racemates.
• the different stereoisomeric forms may be separated one from the other by the usual methods, or any given isomer may be obtained by stereospecific or asymmetric synthesis.
• the invention also extends to any tautomeric forms and mixtures thereof.
• the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which process comprises either:
• R l , R 2 , R3, p and a are as defined in formula (I) with a compound of formula (III) as defined in process (a) in the presence of suitable amide coupling reagent; or
• L 2 is a leaving group, with a compound of formula (VI)
• suitable leaving atoms L* are halogen, in particular chloro.
• the reaction of a compounds of formulae (II) and (III) is preferably carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or pyridine.
• suitable amide coupling reagents include those which are well known to those skilled in the art and include reagents such as 1,3- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), O-benzotriazol- 1 -yl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl- uromumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU) or O-benzotriazol- 1-yloxy- tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP).
• DCC 1,3- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
• HBTU O-benzotriazol- 1 -yl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl- uromumhexafluorophosphate
• BOP O-benzotriazol- 1-yloxy- tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
• suitable leaving groups L 2 include halogen, mesylate or tosylate.
• the reaction of a compound of formulae (V) and (VI) is preferably carried out in an inert solvent such as dimethylformamide, optionally in the presence of sodium iodide and a base such as potassium carbonate.
• compositions may be prepared conventionally by reaction with the appropriate acid or acid derivative.
• Compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have 5-HT2C receptor antagonist activity and are of use for the treatment or prophylaxis of CNS disorders such as anxiety, depression (both bipolar and unipolar), single or recurrent major depressive episodes with or without psychotic features, catatonic features, melancholic features, atypical features or postpartum onset, dysthymic disorder with early or late onset and with or without atypical features, neurotic depression, post traumatic stress disorder, social phobia, vascular dementia with depressed mood, mood disorders induced by alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics and other substances, schizoaffective disorder of the depressed type, adjustment disorder with depressed mood, epilepsy, obsessive compulsive disorders, migraine, Alzheimer's disease with early or late onset
• cannabis, heroin, morphine sedative ipnotic, amphetamine or amphetamine-related drugs (e.g. dextroamphetamine, methylamphetamine) or a combination thereof, schizophrenia, and also disorders associated with spinal trauma and/or head injury such as hydrocephalus.
• Depressive disorders which may be treated or prevented by the compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may also result from a general medical condition including, but not limited to, myocardial infarction, diabetes, miscarriage or abortion, etc.
• compounds of the invention are also useful as memory and/or cognition enhancers in healthy humans with no cognitive and or memory deficit.
• the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of depression and/or anxiety.
• Compounds of the invention may be administered in combination with other active substances such as 5HT3 antagonists, serotonin agonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressants and/or dopaminergic antidepressants.
• active substances such as 5HT3 antagonists, serotonin agonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressants and/or dopaminergic antidepressants.
• 5HT3 antagonists which may be used in combination of the compounds of the inventions include for example ondansetron, granisetron, metoclopramide.
• Suitable serotonin agonists which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include sumatriptan, rauwolscine, yohimbine, metoclopramide.
• Suitable SSRIs which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include fluoxetine, citalopram, femoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, indalpine, sertraline, zimeldine.
• Suitable SNRIs which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include venlafaxine and reboxetine.
• Suitable tricyclic antidepressants which may be used in combination with a compound of the invention include imipramine, amitriptiline, chlomipramine and nortriptiline.
• Suitable dopaminergic antidepressants which may be used in combination with a compound of the invention include bupropion and amineptine.
• the compounds of the combination or composition may be administered simultaneously (either in the same or different pharmaceutical formulations), separately or sequentially.
• Compounds of the invention are also of use in the treatment of certain GI disorders such as IBS as well as micro vascular diseases such as macular oedema and retinopathy.
• the invention also provides for a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof for use as a therapeutic substance, in particular in the treatment or prophylaxis of the above disorders.
• the invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of CNS disorders, particularly depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and/or sleep disorders.
• the invention further provides a method of treatment or prophylaxis of the above disorders, in mammals including humans, which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof a safe and therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of the above disorders, particularly CNS disorders including depression and/or anxiety.
• the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition, which comprises a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
• the present invention provides a process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition, the process comprising mixing a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
• a pharmaceutical composition of the invention which may be prepared by admixture, suitably at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, is usually adapted for oral, parenteral or rectal administration and, as such, may be in the form of tablets, capsules, oral liquid preparations, powders, granules, lozenges, reconstitutable powders, injectable or infusable solutions or suspensions or suppositories. Orally administrable compositions are generally preferred.
• Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose form, and may contain conventional excipients, such as binding agents (e.g. pregelatinised maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers (e.g. lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium hydrogen phosphate); lubricants (e.g. magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrants (e.g. potato starch or sodium starch glycollate); wetting agents (e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate) or tabletting lubricants.
• binding agents e.g. pregelatinised maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
• fillers e.g. lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium hydrogen phosphate
• lubricants e.g. magnesium stearate, talc or silica
• disintegrants e.g. potato starch or sodium starch glycoll
• Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspension, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be in the form of a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
• Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents (e.g. sorbitol syrup, cellulose derivatives or hydrogenated edible fats), emulsifying agents (e.g. lecithin or acacia), non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils e.g. almond oil, oily esters, ethyl alcohol or fractionated vegetable oils), preservatives (e.g.
• preparations may also contain buffer salts, flavouring, colouring and sweetening agents as appropriate.
• Preparations for oral administration may be suitably formulated to give controlled release of the active compound.
• the compounds of the invention may be formulated for parenteral administration by bolus injection or continuous infusion.
• Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form e.g. in ampoules or in multi-dose, utilising a compound of the invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a sterile vehicle, optionally with an added preservative.
• the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilising and/or dispersing agents.
• the active ingredient may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.
• the compound depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle.
• the compound in preparing solutions, can be dissolved for injection and filter sterilised before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.
• adjuvants such as a local anaesthetic, preservatives and buffering agents are dissolved in the vehicle.
• the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum.
• Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner, except that the compound is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved, and sterilization cannot be accomplished by filtration.
• the compound can be sterilised by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspension in a sterile vehicle.
• a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the compound.
• Lotions may be formulated with an aqueous or oily base and will in general also contain one or more emulsifying agents, stabilising agents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, or colouring agents. Drops may be formulated with an aqueous or non-aqueous base also comprising one or more dispersing agents, stabilising agents, solubilising agents or suspending agents. They may also contain a preservative.
• the compounds of the invention may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g. containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
• the compounds of the invention may also be formulated as depot preparations. Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection.
• the compounds of the invention may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.
• the compounds of the invention may be formulated as solutions for administration via a suitable metered or unitary dose device or alternatively as a powder mix with a suitable carrier for administration using a suitable delivery device.
• compounds of formula (I) may be formulated for oral, buccal, parenteral, topical (including ophthalmic and nasal), depot or rectal administration or in a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation (either through the mouth or nose).
• the compounds of the invention may be formulated for topical administration in the form of ointments, creams, gels, lotions, pessaries, aerosols or drops (e.g. eye, ear or nose drops).
• Ointments and creams may, for example, be formulated with an aqueous or oily base with the addition of suitable thickening and/or gelling agents.
• Ointments for administration to the eye may be manufactured in a sterile manner using sterilised components.
• the compounds of the invention may also be formulated as depot preparations. Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection.
• the compounds of the invention may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.
• the composition may contain from 0.1% to 99% by weight, preferably from 10 to 60% by weight, of the active material, depending on the method of administration.
• the dose of the compound used in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders will vary in the usual way with the seriousness of the disorders, the weight of the sufferer, and other similar factors.
• suitable unit doses may be 0.05 to 1000 mg, more suitably 0.05 to 20.0 mg, for example 0.2 to 5 mg; and such unit doses may be administered more than once a day, for example two or three times a day, so that the total daily dosage is in the range of about 0.5 to 100 mg; and such therapy may extend for a number of weeks or months.
• the title compound (D3) was prepared from 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenol and l-(2- chloro-ethyl)-morpholine according to the procedure described for the preparation of DI. MS m/z (MH + ) 283. Description 4 4-Methoxy-3-(2-piperidin-l-ylethoxy)phenylamine (D4) l-[2-(2-Methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy)ethyl]piperidine (DI) (27.3 g) was taken up in ethanol (500 ml) and 10%» Pd/C (7 g) was then added to the solution. The mixture was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure for 12 h at room temperature and then filtered through Celite (diatomaceous earth). Concentration of the filtrate gave the title compound (D4) as a red oil (25.2 g, 100%). MS m/z (MH + ) 251.
• Trifluoroacetic anhydride (5.7 ml, 40 mmol) was added dropwise to an ice cooled, stirred solution of [3-(2-benzyloxy-ethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-(2,2-dimethoxy- ethyl)amine (D32) (10.6 g, 29.3 mmol) and triethylamine (4.3 g, 43 mmol) in DCM/hexane (3:2, 250 ml). After 10 min. at 0°C then 2 h at room temperature DCM (50 ml) was added.
• Methanesulfonic acid 2- ⁇ l-[(-E)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)allanoyl]-5-methoxy-2,3- dihydro-l-H-indol-6-yloxy ⁇ -ethyl ester D38
• D37 A mixture of (- ⁇ -3-(2-chlorophenyl)-l-[6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-methoxy-2,3- dihydroindol-l-yl]propenone (D37) (3.0 g, 8.02 mmol), methanesulphonyl chloride (1.8 g, 15.7 mmol) and triethylamine (1.9 g, 19 mmol) in DCM (100 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h.
• the title compound (D42) was prepared from (E)-l-[6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-methoxy- 2,3-dihydroindol-l-yl]-3-(2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)propenone (D41) according to the procedure described for preparation of D38.
• Methanesulfonic acid 2-(2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy) ethyl ester (D45) (23.8 g) was dissolved in DMF (300 ml) and treated with potassium carbonate (22.6 g), sodium iodide (12.0 g) and tert-butyl- 1-piperazine carboxylate (18.3 g). The mixture was heated at 62°C for 24 h under argon. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate (550 ml) and washed with water (750 ml and 300 ml), dried (MgSO4), filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo.
• the title compound D51 was prepared from 4-[2-(Methoxy-l-H-indol-6- yloxy)ethyl]piperazine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (D50) using the procedure described for the preparation of D35. MS: m/z (M ⁇ + ) 378.
• the title compound D52 was prepared from 4-[2-(5-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-lH-indol- 6-yloxy)ethyl]piperazine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (D51) using the procedure described for the preparation of D37. MS: m/z (M ⁇ + ) 542/544.
• Examples E3 - E33 in Table 1 were prepared from 5-methoxy-6-(2-piperidin-l- ylethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole (D13) and the appropriately substituted cinnamic acid in a similar manner to that for El .
• Examples E34 to E57 in Table 2 were prepared from 5-methoxy-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl- ethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole (D15) and the appropriately substituted cinnamic acid in a similar manner to that for E 1.
• Examples E58 to E78 in Table 3 were prepared from 5-methoxy-6-(2-pyrrolidin-l-yl- ethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole (D14) and the appropriately substituted cinnamic acid in a similar manner to that for El .
• Examples E80 to El 56 in Table 4 were prepared from methanesulfonic acid 2- ⁇ l- [(E)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)allanoyl]-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-lH-indol-6-yloxy ⁇ ethyl ester (D38) or methanesulfonic acid 2- ⁇ 5-methoxy-l-[(E)-3-(2-trifluoromethoxy- phenyl)allanoyl]-2,3-dihydro-lH-indol-6-yloxy ⁇ -ethyl ester (D42) and the appropriate amines as described above for ⁇ 79.
• the title compound was prepared from 5-bromo-6-(l-methylpiperidin-4- ylmethoxy)indoline 1 and 2-chlorocinnamoyl chloride according to the procedure described for the preparation of D37.
• 2-Chlorocinnamoyl chloride (0.24 g, 1.1 mmol) in DCM (10 ml) was added dropwise over 10 min. to 5-bromo-6-(l- methylpiperidin-4-ylmethoxy)indoline 1 (0.35 g, 1.1 mmol) and pyridine (0.5 ml) dissolved in DCM (20 ml) at 0°C.
• the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature over 20 minutes and then poured into water (100 ml).

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