EP1307310A1 - Verfahren und einrichtung zum überwachen der drehlager, insbesondere der wälzlager, von in einem stützrollengerüst von metall-, insbesondere von stahl-stranggiessvorrichtungen, gelagerten stranggiessstützrollen - Google Patents
Verfahren und einrichtung zum überwachen der drehlager, insbesondere der wälzlager, von in einem stützrollengerüst von metall-, insbesondere von stahl-stranggiessvorrichtungen, gelagerten stranggiessstützrollenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1307310A1 EP1307310A1 EP01971781A EP01971781A EP1307310A1 EP 1307310 A1 EP1307310 A1 EP 1307310A1 EP 01971781 A EP01971781 A EP 01971781A EP 01971781 A EP01971781 A EP 01971781A EP 1307310 A1 EP1307310 A1 EP 1307310A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bearings
- continuous casting
- bearing
- load
- pivot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010972 statistical evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C3/00—Registering or indicating the condition or the working of machines or other apparatus, other than vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/20—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B31/00—Rolling stand structures; Mounting, adjusting, or interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames
- B21B31/07—Adaptation of roll neck bearings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring the rotary bearings, in particular the roller bearings, of continuous casting support rollers mounted on both ends and / or in the center in a support roller frame of metal, in particular steel continuous casting devices, by sensors arranged in the vicinity.
- the strand from the continuous casting mold is supported and guided up to at least the area of solidification in a roller corset and also bent as the solidification progresses.
- the forces that occur are absorbed by roller or slide bearings via the continuous casting support rollers and transmitted to the roller support frame.
- stresses of various types and sizes occur. An estimate of these stresses at the time of the construction of these plants is only possible approximately and with a rough simplification of the conditions that will occur in the later real casting operation.
- pivot bearings fail as a result of damage caused by constant, minor or individual high loads or by a combination of these loads.
- the damage can also occur if each individual stress situation would in itself not lead to damage.
- the resulting malfunction and any repairs that may be necessary - including consequential damage - can lead to considerable losses in earnings and costs.
- the operators of continuous casting devices often take this into account by preventive, regular replacement of the pivot bearings. It is inevitable, but uneconomical, that the actual lifespan of many swivel bearings is not used to reliably prevent the breakage of individual swivel bearings.
- the invention has for its object not to make the replacement of the pivot bearing dependent on the occurrence of damage events, but in the sense of the economy of the continuous casting operation to strive for the most extensive use of a pivot bearing at the most economically favorable repair time.
- the task is based on the basic idea of not recording changes in the pivot bearing, but rather the external influences on the pivot bearing which are the cause of these changes and assessing them in terms of the proportionately caused damage.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by continuously measuring and storing the mechanical and / or thermal loads (load spectrum) on at least one or more rotary bearings or selected groups of rotary bearings in order to determine the remaining service life of rolling and / or sliding bearings or is performed on a component influencing the pivot bearing that the digital measurement results are processed in an evaluation and storage unit and that a ratio of the load spectrum and the maximum load capacity of the respective pivot bearing is calculated from the total number of all loads.
- This makes it possible to reduce or completely avoid unforeseen malfunctions due to the failure of pivot bearings. It is also advantageous that a prophylactic replacement of pivot bearings can be completely dispensed with and that maintenance only has to be carried out if it is physically announced.
- the pivot bearings can therefore always be used up to their calculated limit service life.
- long-term experience can be gained about the wear history of the continuous casting machine, and on the one hand the operation of the casting system and on the other hand its dimensioning and design can be optimized. Additional overload cases can be assigned to assist in the event of a fault search, depending on the time and the process.
- changes in reproducible processes can be determined and the diagnosis of changes in mechanical engineering can be made possible or supported in comparison to a previously determined original state. At the same time, manufacturing, assembly and finishing errors can be identified.
- the measurement data is acquired at a fixed sampling rate.
- the aim is to carry out the data acquisition on the one hand at a relatively high frequency, for example at a sampling rate of 50 Hz. On the other hand, however, this can also be carried out over very long periods, for example several years. Further measures result from the fact that the recorded measurement data are processed according to a statistical method. As a result, the outlay on equipment of the storage and evaluation unit can be kept within reasonable limits. It is then not necessary to save the raw data immediately.
- the recorded measurement data be sorted and saved according to the type, direction, size and duration of the loads.
- the tolerable total cumulative loads of the individual rolling bearing be determined from the measurement data and compressed to a key figure which represents the accumulated total stress up to the current measuring time of the rolling bearing.
- This total load is compared to the limit load.
- the comparison provides information about the expected remaining service life.
- This method also facilitates the constant updating of the expected remaining service life, because the individual class sizes allow a weighting of an individual measurement event in relation to the previously evaluated ones.
- the groups and / or a differentiation of the stress distribution within the groups are formed on the basis of numerical models of these groups. For numerical modeling comes e.g. consider the finite element method.
- the measurement can also take place outside the pivot bearing.
- the bearing load on a rotary bearing can be determined from a value measured on the component and from the load distribution calculated from a mathematical model.
- the actual, accumulated stress indicator is compared with a previously defined, tolerable stress indicator and the remaining service life is determined therefrom.
- the further stress to be expected in the future can be evaluated on a statistical average of the stress that has already occurred in the previous operation in the form of a current remaining life to be expected.
- a device for monitoring the rotary bearings, in particular the roller bearings, of continuous casting support rollers mounted on both ends and / or in the center in a support roller frame of metal, in particular steel, continuous casting support rollers, by means of sensors arranged in the vicinity, achieves the object according to the invention in that one or more selected rotary bearings of a continuous casting support roller mounted by means of rolling and / or sliding bearings, a measuring element for mechanical and / or for thermal stress is arranged and that the measuring elements are connected to an evaluation and / or storage unit.
- the measuring elements can consist of strain and temperature measuring strips.
- the measuring element is arranged in each case on a component of the support roller frame that receives or supports the rolling or sliding bearing.
- the measuring element can be arranged at a location on the support roller stand that is further away from the pivot bearing to be assessed, for example on the rear side of the cross-member of the roller segment or of the roller segment frame that supports the pivot bearing.
- the measurement can also take place outside the pivot bearing.
- the bearing load on a rotary bearing can be determined from a value measured on the component and from the load distribution calculated from a mathematical model.
- the information can be stored in media that are arranged on the supporting frames that hold the rollers.
- An advantageous arrangement results from the fact that the measuring elements are connected to electronic storage means arranged in the vicinity of the continuous casting support roller.
- Such storage means are e.g. Memory chips that are housed in appropriate protective housings.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram with the arrangement and connection of the
- Measuring elements which are assigned to an evaluation and a storage unit
- Fig. 2 is a load-time diagram and Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of the sensors on a component located outside the pivot bearing as a view against a support roller segment.
- continuous casting support rollers 2 are rotatably supported in the associated bearing components 1 a and either roller bearings 3a or slide bearings 3a are provided for this purpose, roller bearings 3a in the form of roller bearings being predominantly currently used.
- the continuous casting support rollers 2 can be equipped at both ends with such roller bearings 3a or in sections between two continuous casting support rollers 2 with roller bearings 3a.
- Measuring elements 4 in the form of sensors or strain gauges are arranged in the area of each rotary bearing 3.
- the method for monitoring the rotary bearings 3 is now carried out in such a way that a continuous measurement and storage of the mechanical and / or thermal loads on at least one or more rotary bearings 3 is carried out to determine the remaining service life of rolling and / or sliding bearings 3a that the digital measurement results are also processed in an evaluation unit 5 and a storage unit 6 and that a limit service life of the respective rotary bearing 3 is calculated from the number of high, swelling or shock-like loads.
- the time at which one or more rotary bearings 3 have to be exchanged can then be determined.
- the acquisition of the measurement data at the rotary bearings 3 is carried out at a fixed sampling rate. However, in order not to have to save all the measurement data, the recorded measurement data are processed using a statistical method. In addition, the recorded measurement data are sorted by type, direction, size and duration of the loads and only then saved.
- the tolerable, summed total loads of the individual roller bearing 3a are determined from the measurement data in the evaluation unit 5 and compressed to a key figure which represents the accumulated total stress until the relevant roller bearing 3a fails.
- the stress distribution in a support roller stand 1 is represented by groups and / or by differentiation within the groups based on numerical models of these groups.
- the actual, accumulated stress key figure is compared with a predetermined, tolerable stress key figure and the remaining service life is determined from this.
- the measuring elements 4 can also each be arranged on a component 1a of the support roller frame 1 which receives or supports the roller or slide bearing 3a. It is also provided that the measuring elements 4 with electronic storage means 7 arranged in the vicinity of the continuous casting support roller 2, e.g. Memory chips, are connected and the latter store the measurement data, which are called up by the continuous casting plant controller 8.
- electronic storage means 7 arranged in the vicinity of the continuous casting support roller 2, e.g. Memory chips
- a linear course 10 of the accumulated total load can be determined from individual points recorded in shorter time intervals after a short time by applying a tangent.
- the respective intersection points 11a, 11b with a load limit 12 as the lower limit of a load limit strip 13 provide information about the achievement of the acceptable remaining service life of the pivot bearing 3 in question.
- the measuring elements 4 do not need to be arranged directly on the respective pivot bearing 3, as shown in FIG. 1, such measuring bearings having to be relatively complex, but can also be arranged at another location, for example a protected position.
- FIG. 3 the measuring element 4 is arranged in a support roller stand 1 of a steel continuous casting device on the roller segment frame 14, which is held in foundation bearings 15a and 15b, and measures the deflection of the roller segment frame 14.
- the deflection can be measured, for example, using a strain gauge.
- the deflection is caused by the weight and the contact pressure in the casting strand 17, which is represented statically as a so-called line load 17a.
- the stretch kenlast 17a rests on the rotary bearings 3 via the continuous casting support rollers 3.
- the strain on the measuring element 4 the load distribution from the mathematical model and the known operating situation can be determined as a load in a single rotary bearing 3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10039015A DE10039015C1 (de) | 2000-08-10 | 2000-08-10 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Überwachen der Drehlager, insbesondere der Wälzlager, von in einem Stützrollengerüst von Metall-, insbesondere von Stahl-Stranggießvorrichtungen, gelagerten Stranggießstützrollen |
| DE10039015 | 2000-08-10 | ||
| PCT/EP2001/008584 WO2002011926A1 (de) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-07-25 | Verfahren und einrichtung zum überwachen der drehlager, insbesondere der wälzlager, von in einem stützrollengerüst von metall-, insbesondere von stahl-stranggiessvorrichtungen, gelagerten stranggiessstützrollen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1307310A1 true EP1307310A1 (de) | 2003-05-07 |
Family
ID=7651948
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01971781A Withdrawn EP1307310A1 (de) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-07-25 | Verfahren und einrichtung zum überwachen der drehlager, insbesondere der wälzlager, von in einem stützrollengerüst von metall-, insbesondere von stahl-stranggiessvorrichtungen, gelagerten stranggiessstützrollen |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040055398A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1307310A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004505777A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20030020979A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1446136A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2001291681A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10039015C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002011926A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL1019602C2 (nl) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-06-19 | Skf Ab | Bewakingsinrichting voor concaster. |
| DE10228389B4 (de) * | 2002-04-13 | 2006-11-09 | I-For-T Gmbh | Schwingungssensor und Verfahren zur Zustandsüberwachung von rotierenden Bauteilen und Lagern |
| EP1502086A2 (de) * | 2002-04-13 | 2005-02-02 | I-For-T Gmbh | Schwingungssensor und verfahren zur zustands berwachung von rotierenden bauteilen und lagern |
| EP1508880A3 (de) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-11-23 | Battenfeld Extrusionstechnik GmbH | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Berechnen der voraussichtlichen Lebensdauer eines Getriebes |
| DE102004048649A1 (de) * | 2004-10-06 | 2006-04-20 | Fag Kugelfischer Ag & Co. Ohg | Verfahren zur Zustandsüberwachung und Lebensdauerprognose wenigstens eines Wälzlagers in einer wälzgelagerten Vorrichtung |
| DE102005032720B4 (de) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-04-05 | Siemens Ag | Schnittstellenmodulvorrichtung für eine elektrische Maschine zur Lebensdauerberechnung eines Lagers |
| DE102006001195A1 (de) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-12 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren zum Gieß-Walzen mit erhöhter Gießgeschwindigkeit und daran anschließendem Warmwalzen von relativ dünnen Metall-,insbesondere Stahlwerkstoff-Strängen,und Gieß-Walz-Einrichtung |
| DE102007017614A1 (de) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-16 | Wittenstein Ag | Verfahren zum optimalen Betreiben von Getrieben |
| DE102007036271A1 (de) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Baumer Hübner GmbH | Drehgeber mit Überwachung des Lagerverschleißes sowie Verfahren hierzu |
| DE102007038890B4 (de) * | 2007-08-17 | 2016-09-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Lebensdauer von im Arbeitsbetrieb befindlichen Bauteilen |
| DE102008004910A1 (de) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-23 | Sms Demag Ag | Überlastüberwachung von Strangführungselementen |
| DE102008063189A1 (de) * | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Achssystem und Verfahren zur Auswertung von Daten eines Achssystems |
| DE102009057474B4 (de) * | 2009-12-10 | 2015-06-03 | Otto Bock Healthcare Gmbh | Orthopädietechnisches Hilfsmittel und Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Benutzungsdauer eines orthopädietechnischen Hilfsmittels |
| JP5644374B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-27 | 2014-12-24 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | 工作機械の主軸状態検出装置 |
| DE102010062199B4 (de) * | 2010-11-30 | 2015-01-15 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Konzept zum Einstellen von Prozessparametern eines Walzprozesses mittels eines gemessenen Lagerschlupfes |
| DE102011088127A1 (de) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-13 | Sms Siemag Ag | Strangführungssegment einer Strangführung einer Stranggießanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Strangführungssegments |
| CN104335023A (zh) * | 2012-04-24 | 2015-02-04 | Skf公司 | 轴承监控方法和系统 |
| AT517252B1 (de) | 2015-05-27 | 2019-03-15 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Vermeidung von Wassergassen bei einer Strangführung |
| CN107843427A (zh) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-27 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 轴承剩余寿命的评估方法及装置 |
| CN111707541B (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2023-06-02 | 扬州大学 | 混凝土单轴受拉持荷和测试装置及其使用方法 |
| CN116944440A (zh) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-27 | 斯凯孚公司 | 集成光学传感器的导向辊以及连铸机 |
| EP4590984A1 (de) | 2022-09-20 | 2025-07-30 | Sew-Eurodrive GmbH & Co. KG | Getriebe mit gehäuseteil |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2911479C2 (de) * | 1979-03-22 | 1983-09-29 | Lechler, Gerhard, Dr.-Ing., 1000 Berlin | Kraftmeßeinrichtung |
| US5058434A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1991-10-22 | Carl Schenck Ag | Process for early detection of damage to machine parts |
| FR2755385B1 (fr) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-12-31 | Usinor Sacilor | Procede de detection de defauts lors d'une coulee continue entre cylindres |
| US5952587A (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 1999-09-14 | The Torrington Company | Imbedded bearing life and load monitor |
| JP2000102849A (ja) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-11 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 連鋳ロールの回転不良検出方法 |
-
2000
- 2000-08-10 DE DE10039015A patent/DE10039015C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-07-25 JP JP2002517249A patent/JP2004505777A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-25 CN CN01813960A patent/CN1446136A/zh active Pending
- 2001-07-25 EP EP01971781A patent/EP1307310A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-25 AU AU2001291681A patent/AU2001291681A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-25 WO PCT/EP2001/008584 patent/WO2002011926A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-07-25 KR KR10-2003-7001929A patent/KR20030020979A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-25 US US10/344,167 patent/US20040055398A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0211926A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002011926A1 (de) | 2002-02-14 |
| CN1446136A (zh) | 2003-10-01 |
| DE10039015C1 (de) | 2002-01-17 |
| KR20030020979A (ko) | 2003-03-10 |
| US20040055398A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
| AU2001291681A1 (en) | 2002-02-18 |
| JP2004505777A (ja) | 2004-02-26 |
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