EP1303467A1 - Method and apparatus for moving and stirring compost - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for moving and stirring compost

Info

Publication number
EP1303467A1
EP1303467A1 EP01958163A EP01958163A EP1303467A1 EP 1303467 A1 EP1303467 A1 EP 1303467A1 EP 01958163 A EP01958163 A EP 01958163A EP 01958163 A EP01958163 A EP 01958163A EP 1303467 A1 EP1303467 A1 EP 1303467A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machine
stirring
corridor
stirring member
fermentable material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01958163A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Claude Chenu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Comari Sarl
Original Assignee
Comari Sarl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Comari Sarl filed Critical Comari Sarl
Publication of EP1303467A1 publication Critical patent/EP1303467A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/921Devices in which the material is conveyed essentially horizontally between inlet and discharge means
    • C05F17/939Means for mixing or moving with predetermined or fixed paths, e.g. rails or cables
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the manufacture of fermented aerobic mixtures more commonly called compost and generally used for the improvement of agricultural land.
  • the first category of these installations consists of depositing on an external platform, the fermentable material in the form of swaths which will be stepped over by a self-propelled device which, mounted on tires and equipped with a mechanical stirring means, returns said swaths as it advances.
  • a self-propelled device which, mounted on tires and equipped with a mechanical stirring means, returns said swaths as it advances.
  • Such a installation does not make it possible to homogenize the brewing which remains static nor to control the temperature and the humidity of fermentation of the biomass of the fermentable material due to unpredictable climatic variations.
  • the width of the windrows is limited because it is limited to that of the mechanical stirring means which obviously cannot exceed the size of the self-propelled device authorized by the road network.
  • a second category of installations consists in depositing the fermentable material in a pit in which one or more vertical mixing means in the form of propellers cause the fermentable material to rise and turn at the same time. These pits, very limited in volume, do not offer good oxygenation of the fermentable matter stirred.
  • a third category of installations consists in depositing the fermentable material in corridors of a few tens of meters comprising a flat hearth bordered by two walls serving as raceways for a stirring device constituted by a horizontal motor shaft arranged transversely and around which pallets are regularly arranged such as an impeller.
  • the forces undergone by these pallets are considerable because they are concentrated at the ends of the pallets and transmitted at each impact with the material over the entire length of the latter. This results in considerable stirring forces that the motor shaft has to assume over lane widths of more than ten meters.
  • such pallets have more of the effect of returning the fermentable material on the spot than of brewing it.
  • the applicant has conducted research which has led to a new concept of machine proposing dynamic mixing of the fermentable material, to oppose the static mixing of previous installations.
  • a working method of a machine which consists in brewing the fermentable material by turning it over and projecting it at the rear of the machine so as to gradually move it along the said corridor from a first end. supply to a second discharge end.
  • This way of brewing the fermentable material by creating a regular and continuous movement of it at each passage of the machine, allows to evacuate at one end of the corridor, compost for recovery purposes, and to supply material fermentable the installation at the other end.
  • the fermentable material is stirred with a projection at the rear of the machine to reform an aerated heap therefore permanently oxygenated to maintain the proliferation of microorganisms.
  • the applicant has also imagined an original concept of a brewing machine for compost production facilities of the third category, that is to say of the type which consists in brewing. fermentable materials deposited in at least one fermentation corridor.
  • This machine conventionally consists of a stirring member consisting of a motor shaft fitted peripherally with stirring tools and which, arranged horizontally and transversely to said corridor, is driven on the one hand, by a rotational movement on itself to ensure the mixing of the fermentable material and on the other hand, a translational movement along said corridor to move from one end to the other of the latter.
  • the original concept of this machine is based on the fact that the stirring tools of the stirring member making it possible to stir the fermentable material by projecting it at the rear of the machine, are arranged peripherally around said horizontal motor shaft according to at least a pair of reverse pitch turns arranged symmetrically with respect to the perpendicular median plane of symmetry of said motor shaft.
  • the aforementioned stirring tools of the stirring member consist of a set of arms individually mounted on the motor shaft.
  • This spiral and individual organization of the tools around the motor shaft allows, for a complete rotation of the motor shaft, to play on the frequency of mechanical impacts on the fermentable material by the definition of the number of tools placed on it. along each turn and multiply the pairs of arms acting simultaneously on either side of the vertical median plane of said drive shaft by defining the number of pairs of turns.
  • Such an arrangement of the mixing tools around said motor shaft therefore offers a modular sequential distribution of the tools which, by acting on the frequency and amplitude of the mechanical impact of each tool for the same effort of the motor shaft, considerably improves the homogenization of the brewing operation over the entire width of the corridor.
  • This spiroidal organization of the tools ensures by mechanical effect a better attack of the particles and therefore a grinding and a continuous surface bursting of the fermentable material which increases the exchange surfaces and therefore a permanent microbiological reseeding very favorable to the bioconversion of the material.
  • the machine consists of a framework which, serving as a logical structure for the functional organs, consists of: a rolling frame making it possible to move the entire machine in translation along two rolling tracks equipping the upper edge of the two longitudinal walls bordering the corridor, and a frame which, supporting said stirring member, is mounted movable relative to the first rolling frame to allow said stirring member to move from a low working position where said stirring tools are in contact with the fermentable material and a raised position where said stirring tools are not in contact with the fermentable material so that the whole machine can move freely above said fermentable material.
  • the purpose of these kinematics is to authorize a faster movement of the machine along the corridor without any work of mixing the fermentable material.
  • the mobile frame will be mounted articulated on the first frame rolling around a horizontal support axis carried by the latter perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the corridor so that the aforesaid member stirring will be rocked around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the corridor.
  • the movable frame will be slidably mounted vertically with respect to the first rolling frame so that the above-mentioned stirring member will be driven in a translational movement along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the corridor.
  • the rotational movement of the above-mentioned motor shaft of the stirring member is controlled by strain gauges making it possible to regulate the movement and rotation movements of the stirring member. stirring with respect to the stirring force opposed by the fermentable material with the tools of the above organ.
  • This enslavement of the machine to the brewing force by controlling in particular the intensity of the drive motor of the brewing member could for example trigger the stopping of the machine (to avoid that said force does not affect the whole machine and does not cause a breakdown), or implement an original phase of the working process which will be described in detail a little later and which consists of taking up, with a previous return to the back of the machine, the fermentable material having a higher resistance to stirring but with a lower forward speed.
  • this strain gauge can give the user the possibility of adjusting the forward speed of his machine as a function of the resistance measured and displayed.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of such a brewing machine in the lowered position.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the machine of Figure 1 in the raised position and / or stopped.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a member of the machine of Figure 1, ensuring the actual brewing operation.
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the machine of Figure 1 in the lowered position and during a brewing cycle.
  • Figures 5a, 5b, 5c, .... 51 are views profile diagrams illustrating the different phases of a round-trip work cycle of a machine according to the invention, in a corridor filled with fermentable material.
  • Figure 6 is a side view of the machine of Figure 1 in the lowered position and equipped with two optional devices.
  • the brewing machine referenced M as a whole and intended to evolve above a fermentable material resting in a fermentation corridor C rests on a framework produced from a metallic assembly of profiles and conventional mechanically welded tubes previously sandblasted to remove any rust spots, then treated with respect to the corrosive environment where they will evolve before being painted.
  • This framework conventionally developed to serve as a logical structure for the functional organs of the machine M is composed in particular:
  • a rolling frame 100 making it possible to move the machine M in translation (Arrows T and T ') along two rolling tracks equipping the upper edge of the two longitudinal walls bordering the corridor C, _ and an articulated frame 200 (arrows A and A ') on the first frame 100 around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the corridor C.
  • the rolling frame 100 evolving on two tracks defined by two rails anchored on the upper edges of the two longitudinal walls C (of which only one is shown in phantom) bordering the corridor C, is equipped at its four ends and via box springs , of four rollers 110 motorized independently to allow the machine M to flow without imbalance along the walls C (arrows T and T ').
  • This rolling frame 100 suitably stowed on the rails, is also loaded from limit switches not shown to limit the displacements T and T 'of the machine at the ends of lane C.
  • the frame 200 supports a stirring member 300 and is pivotally mounted (arrows A and A ') around a horizontal support axis 120 associated with the rolling frame 100, under the effect of the extension (arrow A) or of the retraction (arrow A ') of two lifting jacks 130 fixed on each side of the machine M between the rolling frame 100 and the articulated frame 200.
  • This articulated frame 200 thus allows said audit stirring member 300 to move from a low working position as illustrated in the drawing in FIG. 1 to a raised position as illustrated in the drawing in FIG. 2 to allow the assembly of the machine M to move freely above the said fermentable material deposited in the corridor C between the two walls C '.
  • the stirring member 300 illustrated in more detail in the drawing of FIG. 3 consists of a motor shaft 310 fitted peripherally with stirring tools 320 arranged peripherally in two pairs of turns not reversed with respect to the perpendicular median plane of symmetry of said motor shaft 310.
  • the other tools 320 are arranged symmetrically two in two at the same positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ...
  • this arrangement has the advantage of distributing uniformly over the entire length of the support shaft 310, the forces that tools undergo 320.
  • the number (two) of pairs of turns and the number (eight) of tools for each turn can be adapted to the size of the machine and the volume of fermentable material to work.
  • the stirring tools 320 are constituted by individual arms 320a removably mounted (by pinning) on the drive shaft 310 for quick replacement purposes.
  • the arms 320a of the above stirring tools 320 are terminated by an enlarged end 320b forming a pallet whose rectangular or trapezoidal shape will be adapted to favor the tangential scraping, transport and projection functions.
  • the fermentable material at the rear of the machine M as shown in the drawing of FIG. 4 where it is represented in a work cycle where the articulated frame 200 is in the lowered position bearing on the rolling frame 100, the rollers of bearing 110 of the rolling frame slowly move the machine in the direction of arrow T and the stirring member 300 is rotated in the direction of arrow R.
  • Another object of the invention is to control the speed of rotation of the motor shaft 310 to the stirring force of the material opposite to the tools 320.
  • the machine M is positioned at an outlet end Cs of the corridor C filled with fermentable material D, with its stirring member 300 lowered and the motor shaft 310 animated of the rotational movement R.
  • the machine M moves slowly (arrow T) along the corridor C with its stirring member 300 lowered and in rotation (arrow R) so that a volume d of fermentable material coming from being stirred is moved to the rear of the machine M.
  • this volume d of ermentable material which has undergone a displacement equivalent to each preceding passage of the machine M and gradually from the entry end
  • This from corridor C where it was supplied corresponds to a volume of compost which can be disposed of for recovery purposes.
  • This volume d can be recovered at any time during the journey from the machine M to the entry end Ce of the corridor C.
  • the machine M progresses (arrow T) along the corridor C with its stirring member 300 lowered and rotating (arrow R), still moving volumes d of fermentable material at the rear of the machine M.
  • the tools 310 of the stirring member 300 encounter a volume of fermentable material D 'much more compact therefore more resistant to stirring so that the force opposed to the stirring tools 320 , via the strain gauges, is transmitted to a control module of the programmed central unit which triggers the stop of the machine M.
  • the machine M after having stopped, moves slightly backwards in the direction of the arrow T 'opposite to that of the arrow T, over a preprogrammed period (of the order of five to ten minutes), at the end of which it stops, as shown in the drawing in FIG. 5f in order to start again in the direction of the arrow T "in the same direction QT and the arrow T and with the member stirring 300 driven by the rotation R (cf. drawing of FIG. 5g) but with a lower translation speed.
  • a preprogrammed period of the order of five to ten minutes
  • the machine M arrives at the entry end Ce of the corridor C at the end of which end-of-travel stops trigger the stopping of the rotation of the drive rollers 110 and of the rotation R of the motor shaft 310.
  • the articulated frame 200 is articulated (arrow A) in the raised position releasing the stirring member 300 from the fermentable material D.
  • the machine M is moved rapidly in the direction of the arrow T ′ to the end Cs of the corridor C where end-of-travel stops trigger the stop of the rotation of the drive rollers 110 and machine M is ready for a new work cycle.
  • the inlet end Ce can be supplied with raw material again.
  • the above process can be arranged for example by commanding the stirring member 300 to move and reverse rotation to those of the arrows T and R so as to stir the fermentable material by moving it in the two sense to delay the evacuation of the compost.
  • protective sheets or covers 220 may cover the transmission part which drives the stirring member 300, in order to avoid projections of fermentable material upwards and to channel the release of gases (vapors of ammonia, of water, etc.) to an exhaust hood 400 which can be judiciously installed at the rear of the machine M, as shown in the drawing in FIG. 6.
  • a hopper 500 (cf. FIG. 6) for supplying liquid or sludge with a drain system which can be actuated manually or automatically to regulate the humidity level of the mass of fermentable material over the entire width and / or length of lane C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for operating a machine stirring (M) fermentable matter (D) in a fermenting installation. Said method is characterised in that it consists in stirring the fermentable matter (D) by turning it and blowing it to the rear of the machine (M) so as to gradually move it along said passage of a first feeding end (Ce) towards a discharging end (Cs). The invention also concerns the machine (M) consisting of a stirring member (300) comprising a propeller shaft (310) peripherally provided with stirring tools (320) arranged peripherally around said propeller shaft (310) in a pair of reverse pitch turns symmetrically arranged relative to the perpendicular median plane of symmetry of said propeller shaft (310). The invention is useful for producing aerobic fermented mixtures.

Description

PROCEDE DE TRAVAIL D'UNE MATIERE FERMENTESCIBLE D'UNE INSTALLATION DE FERMENTATION ET MACHINE PERMETTANT DE LE PROCESS FOR WORKING FERMENTABLE MATERIAL OF A FERMENTATION PLANT AND MACHINE FOR
METTRE EN OEUVREENFORCE
DOMAINE D'APPLICATION DE L'INVENTION La présente invention a trait à la fabrication de mélanges fermentes en aérobie plus communément appelés compost et utilisés généralement pour l'amendement des terres agricoles .FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the manufacture of fermented aerobic mixtures more commonly called compost and generally used for the improvement of agricultural land.
DESCRIPTION DE L'ART ANTÉRIEUR D'une manière générale, la transformation en compost de matières fermentescibles s'opère par une bioconversion des matières qui, déposée dans des réservations (fosses, conteneurs, couloirs) prévues à cet effet, est soumise à un degré d'humidité et à une oxygénation suffisants pour entretenir une vie active des micro-organismes bactériens nécessaires au bon déroulement de la phase proprement dite de fermentation. L'équilibre physico-chimique de cette fermentation est obtenu plus précisément en alternant des opérations de brassage pour favoriser la pénétration d'oxygène dans la bio-masse de la matière fermentescible à des opérations de repos au cours desquelles la fermentation se développe en générant de la chaleur favorisant la prolifération des micro-organismes et permettant d'éliminer la plupart des agents pathogènes. La qualité de compost obtenu en final est alors caractérisée par sa stabilité dans le temps et par son homogénéité et donc, est dépendant du procédé de brassage mis en œuvre.DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART In general, the transformation into compost of fermentable materials takes place by a bioconversion of materials which, deposited in reservations (pits, containers, corridors) provided for this purpose, is subject to a degree sufficient humidity and oxygenation to maintain an active life of the bacterial microorganisms necessary for the proper conduct of the actual fermentation phase. The physicochemical balance of this fermentation is obtained more precisely by alternating brewing operations to promote the penetration of oxygen into the biomass of the fermentable material to resting operations during which the fermentation develops by generating heat promoting the proliferation of microorganisms and making it possible to eliminate most pathogens. The quality of compost obtained in the end is then characterized by its stability over time and by its homogeneity and therefore, is dependent on the brewing process implemented.
Il existe dans l'art antérieur plusieurs catégories d'installations permettant de mettre en œuvre un procédé de fabrication de compost à partir de la transformation de matière fermentescible.In the prior art, there are several categories of installations making it possible to implement a process for manufacturing compost from the transformation of fermentable material.
La première catégorie de ces installations consiste à déposer sur une plate-forme extérieure, la matière fermentescible sous la forme d'andains qui seront enjambés par un appareil automoteur qui, monté sur pneumatiques et équipé d'un moyen mécanique de brassage, retourne lesdits andains au fur et à mesure qu'il avance. Une telle installation ne permet pas d'homogénéiser le brassage qui reste statique ni de contrôler la température et l'humidité de fermentation de la bio-masse de la matière fermentescible en raison des variations climatiques imprévisibles. En outre, la largeur des andains est restreinte car limitée à celle du moyen mécanique de brassage qui ne peut bien évidemment pas excéder le gabarit de l'appareil automoteur autorisé par le réseau routier. Une deuxième catégorie d'installations consiste à déposer la matière fermentescible dans une fosse dans laquelle un ou plusieurs moyens de brassage verticaux en forme d'hélices font monter et tourner en même temps la matière fermentescible. Ces fosses, très limitées en volume, n'offrent pas une bonne oxygénation de la matière fermentescible brassée.The first category of these installations consists of depositing on an external platform, the fermentable material in the form of swaths which will be stepped over by a self-propelled device which, mounted on tires and equipped with a mechanical stirring means, returns said swaths as it advances. Such a installation does not make it possible to homogenize the brewing which remains static nor to control the temperature and the humidity of fermentation of the biomass of the fermentable material due to unpredictable climatic variations. In addition, the width of the windrows is limited because it is limited to that of the mechanical stirring means which obviously cannot exceed the size of the self-propelled device authorized by the road network. A second category of installations consists in depositing the fermentable material in a pit in which one or more vertical mixing means in the form of propellers cause the fermentable material to rise and turn at the same time. These pits, very limited in volume, do not offer good oxygenation of the fermentable matter stirred.
Une troisième catégorie d'installations consiste à déposer la matière fermentescible dans des couloirs de quelques dizaines de mètres comportant une sole plane bordée de deux murs servant de chemins de roulement à un dispositif de brassage constitué par un arbre-moteur horizontal disposé transversalement et autour duquel sont régulièrement disposées des palettes telle une roue à aubes. Les efforts subis par ces palettes sont considérables car ils sont concentrés aux extrémités des palettes et transmis à chaque impact avec la matière sur toute la longueur de ces dernières . Il en résulte des efforts de brassage considérables que doit assumer l'arbre-moteur sur des largeurs de couloir de plus de dix mètres. En outre, de telles palettes ont plus pour effet de retourner sur place la matière fermentescible que de la brasser. Il a été imaginé de remplacer ladite "roue à aubes" par un portique supportant une vis de brassage du type de celle de la deuxième catégorie d'installations à fosse et qui se déplace le long dudit portique de manière à assurer un balayage sur la largeur du couloir et sur la longueur de ce dernier sous l'effet de l'avancement pas à pas du portique. L'homogénéisation du brassage n'en est pas pour autant améliorée car désorganisée par le fait qu'une partie de la matière fermentescible remonte à la surface de par le mouvement rotatif de la vis et une autre partie est projetée latéralement sur les parois du couloir et en arrière de par son mouvement de balayage.A third category of installations consists in depositing the fermentable material in corridors of a few tens of meters comprising a flat hearth bordered by two walls serving as raceways for a stirring device constituted by a horizontal motor shaft arranged transversely and around which pallets are regularly arranged such as an impeller. The forces undergone by these pallets are considerable because they are concentrated at the ends of the pallets and transmitted at each impact with the material over the entire length of the latter. This results in considerable stirring forces that the motor shaft has to assume over lane widths of more than ten meters. In addition, such pallets have more of the effect of returning the fermentable material on the spot than of brewing it. It has been imagined to replace said "paddle wheel" by a gantry supporting a mixing screw of the type of that of the second category of pit installations and which moves along said gantry so as to ensure a sweeping across the width from the corridor and on the length of the latter under the effect of the step-by-step advancement of the gantry. The homogenization of the stirring is not thereby improved because it is disorganized by the fact that part of the fermentable material rises to the surface by the rotary movement of the screw and another part is projected laterally on the walls of the corridor and backwards by its sweeping movement.
Les différentes catégories d'installations décrites ci-dessus présentent donc toutes des insuffisances notables tant au niveau de l'homogénéisation du brassage que de l'oxygénation permanente de la matière fermentescible. Ces insuffisances ont alors de graves répercussions sur la durée de fermentation ne permettant de proposer à ce jour que des installations n'assurant la fabrication de compost que sur des périodes de six mois environ. Une durée de fermentation aussi importante entraîne des stocks élevés de matières premières et une disponibilité décalée du compost en raison de l'alimentation saisonnière en matières fermentescibles . DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONThe various categories of installations described above therefore all have significant shortcomings both in terms of the homogenization of the stirring and the permanent oxygenation of the fermentable material. These shortcomings then have serious repercussions on the duration of fermentation, making it possible to offer to date only installations ensuring the production of compost only over periods of approximately six months. Such a long fermentation period results in high stocks of raw materials and a delayed availability of compost due to the seasonal supply of fermentable materials. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Partant de ces constatations et d'un cahier des charges préétabli, la demanderesse a mené des recherches qui ont abouti à un nouveau concept de machine proposant un brassage dynamique de la matière fermentescible , pour s'opposer au brassage statique des installations antérieures. A cet effet, elle propose un procédé de travail d'une machine qui consiste à brasser la matière fermentescible en la retournant et en la projetant à l'arrière de la machine de manière à la déplacer progressivement le long dudit couloir d'une première extrémité d'alimentation vers une deuxième extrémité d'évacuation. Cette façon de brasser la matière fermentescible en créant un déplacement régulier et continu de celle-ci à chaque passage de la machine, permet d'évacuer à une extrémité du couloir, du compost à des fins de récupération, et d'approvisionner en matière fermentescible l'installation à l'autre extrémité. Ainsi, la matière fermentescible est remuée avec une projection à l'arrière de la machine pour reformer un tas aéré donc oxygéné en permanence pour entretenir la prolifération des micro-organismes.On the basis of these findings and a pre-established specification, the applicant has conducted research which has led to a new concept of machine proposing dynamic mixing of the fermentable material, to oppose the static mixing of previous installations. To this end, it proposes a working method of a machine which consists in brewing the fermentable material by turning it over and projecting it at the rear of the machine so as to gradually move it along the said corridor from a first end. supply to a second discharge end. This way of brewing the fermentable material by creating a regular and continuous movement of it at each passage of the machine, allows to evacuate at one end of the corridor, compost for recovery purposes, and to supply material fermentable the installation at the other end. Thus, the fermentable material is stirred with a projection at the rear of the machine to reform an aerated heap therefore permanently oxygenated to maintain the proliferation of microorganisms.
Pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé de travail de l'invention, la demanderesse a imaginé également un concept original de machine de brassage pour des installations de fabrication de compost de la troisième catégorie, c'est à dire du type de celle qui consiste à brasser des matières fermentescibles déposées dans au moins un couloir de fermentation. Cette machine est constituée classiquement d'un organe de brassage se composant d'un arbre-moteur aménagé périphériquement d'outils de brassage et qui, disposé horizontalement et transversalement audit couloir, est animé d'une part, d'un mouvement de rotation sur lui même pour assurer le brassage de la matière fermentescible et d'autre part, d'un mouvement de translation le long dudit couloir pour évoluer d'une extrémité à l'autre de ce dernier. Le concept original de cette machine repose sur le fait que les outils de brassage de l'organe de brassage permettant de brasser la matière fermentescible en la projetant à l'arrière de la machine, sont disposés périphériquement autour dudit arbre-moteur horizontal selon au moins une paire de spires à pas inversé disposées symétriquement par rapport au plan médian perpendiculaire de symétrie dudit arbre-moteur .To implement the working method of the invention, the applicant has also imagined an original concept of a brewing machine for compost production facilities of the third category, that is to say of the type which consists in brewing. fermentable materials deposited in at least one fermentation corridor. This machine conventionally consists of a stirring member consisting of a motor shaft fitted peripherally with stirring tools and which, arranged horizontally and transversely to said corridor, is driven on the one hand, by a rotational movement on itself to ensure the mixing of the fermentable material and on the other hand, a translational movement along said corridor to move from one end to the other of the latter. The original concept of this machine is based on the fact that the stirring tools of the stirring member making it possible to stir the fermentable material by projecting it at the rear of the machine, are arranged peripherally around said horizontal motor shaft according to at least a pair of reverse pitch turns arranged symmetrically with respect to the perpendicular median plane of symmetry of said motor shaft.
Les outils de chacune des spires d'une même paire qui se trouvent disposés symétriquement de part et d'autre du plan médian perpendiculaire dudit arbre-moteur horizontal, exercent ainsi deux à deux des efforts identiques répartis symétriquement sur toute la longueur dudit arbre-moteur qui se trouve alors soumis à des contraintes mécaniques parfaitement équilibrées.The tools of each of the turns of the same pair which are arranged symmetrically on either side of the perpendicular median plane of said horizontal motor shaft, thus exert two by two of identical forces distributed symmetrically over the entire length of said motor shaft which is then subjected to perfectly balanced mechanical stresses.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux de l'invention, les susdits outils de brassage de l'organe de brassage sont constitués par un ensemble de bras montés individuellement sur l'arbre-moteur. Cette organisation spiroïdale et individuelle des outils autour de l'arbre-moteur permet, pour une rotation complète de l'arbre-moteur, de jouer sur la fréquence des impacts mécaniques sur la matière fermentescible de par la définition du nombre d'outils disposés le long de chaque spire et de multiplier les paires de bras agissant simultanément de part et d'autre du plan médian vertical dudit arbre-moteur de par la définition du nombre de paires de spires . Un tel aménagement des outils de brassage autour dudit arbre-moteur offre donc une répartition séquentielle modulable des outils qui, en agissant sur la fréquence et l'amplitude de l'impact mécanique de chaque outil pour un même effort de l'arbre- moteur, améliore considérablement l'homogénéisation de l'opération de brassage sur toute la largeur du couloir. Cette organisation spiroïdale des outils assure par effet mécanique une meilleure attaque des particules et donc un broyage et un éclatement superficiel continu de la matière fermentescible qui augmente les surfaces d'échange et donc un réensemencement microbiologique permanent très favorable à la bioconversion de la matière.According to a particularly embodiment advantageous of the invention, the aforementioned stirring tools of the stirring member consist of a set of arms individually mounted on the motor shaft. This spiral and individual organization of the tools around the motor shaft allows, for a complete rotation of the motor shaft, to play on the frequency of mechanical impacts on the fermentable material by the definition of the number of tools placed on it. along each turn and multiply the pairs of arms acting simultaneously on either side of the vertical median plane of said drive shaft by defining the number of pairs of turns. Such an arrangement of the mixing tools around said motor shaft therefore offers a modular sequential distribution of the tools which, by acting on the frequency and amplitude of the mechanical impact of each tool for the same effort of the motor shaft, considerably improves the homogenization of the brewing operation over the entire width of the corridor. This spiroidal organization of the tools ensures by mechanical effect a better attack of the particles and therefore a grinding and a continuous surface bursting of the fermentable material which increases the exchange surfaces and therefore a permanent microbiological reseeding very favorable to the bioconversion of the material.
Cette amélioration de la qualité de brassage de la matière fermentescible ajoutée à une bonne oxygénation de la bio-masse car les couches inférieures et supérieures sont bouleversées à chaque passage de la machine et à un réensemencement microbiologique permanent, permet une importante diminution de la durée de fermentation qui passe ainsi de six mois environ à moins d'un mois.This improvement in the quality of stirring of the fermentable material added to good oxygenation of the biomass because the lower and upper layers are upset with each pass of the machine and in permanent microbiological reseeding, allows a significant reduction in the duration of fermentation going from six months to less than a month.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux de l'invention, la machine est constituée d'une ossature qui, servant de structure logique aux organes fonctionnels, se compose : d'un bâti roulant permettant de déplacer en translation l'ensemble de la machine le long de deux chemins de roulement équipant le chant supérieur des deux murs longitudinaux bordant le couloir, et d'un bâti qui, supportant ledit organe de brassage, est monté mobile par rapport au premier bâti roulant pour permettre audit organe de brassage d'évoluer d'une position basse de travail où lesdits outils de brassage sont en contact avec la matière fermentescible et une position relevée où lesdits outils de brassage ne sont pas en contact avec la matière fermentescible afin que l'ensemble de la machine puisse évoluer librement au- dessus de la dite matière fermentescible. Cette cinématique a pour objet d'autoriser un déplacement plus rapide de la machine le long du couloir sans travail de brassage de la matière fermentescible.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the machine consists of a framework which, serving as a logical structure for the functional organs, consists of: a rolling frame making it possible to move the entire machine in translation along two rolling tracks equipping the upper edge of the two longitudinal walls bordering the corridor, and a frame which, supporting said stirring member, is mounted movable relative to the first rolling frame to allow said stirring member to move from a low working position where said stirring tools are in contact with the fermentable material and a raised position where said stirring tools are not in contact with the fermentable material so that the whole machine can move freely above said fermentable material. The purpose of these kinematics is to authorize a faster movement of the machine along the corridor without any work of mixing the fermentable material.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation préférentielle de l'invention, le bâti mobile sera monté articulé sur le premier bâti roulant autour d'un axe-support horizontal porté par ce dernier perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal du couloir de sorte que le susdit organe de brassage sera animé d'un mouvement de basculement autour d'un axe horizontal perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du couloir . Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation préférentielle de l'invention, le bâti mobile sera monté coulissant verticalement par rapport au premier bâti roulant de sorte que le susdit organe de brassage sera animé d'un mouvement de translation le long d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du couloir.According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the mobile frame will be mounted articulated on the first frame rolling around a horizontal support axis carried by the latter perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the corridor so that the aforesaid member stirring will be rocked around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the corridor. According to a second preferred embodiment of the invention, the movable frame will be slidably mounted vertically with respect to the first rolling frame so that the above-mentioned stirring member will be driven in a translational movement along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the corridor.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux de l'invention, le mouvement de rotation du susdit arbre-moteur de l'organe de brassage est asservi par des jauges de contrainte permettant de réguler les mouvements de déplacement et de rotation de l'organe de brassage par rapport à l'effort de brassage opposé par la matière fermentescible aux outils du susdit organe. Cet asservissement de la machine à l'effort de brassage en contrôlant notamment l'intensité du moteur d'entraînement de l'organe de brassage pourrait par exemple déclencher l'arrêt de la machine (pour éviter que ledit effort ne se répercute sur l'ensemble de la machine et ne provoque une panne) , ou mettre en œuvre une phase originale du procédé de travail qui sera décrite en détails un peu plus loin et qui consiste à reprendre, avec un retour préalable en arrière de la machine, la matière fermentescible présentant une résistance au brassage plus importante mais avec une vitesse d'avancement moindre. De même, associée à un afficheur digital, cette jauge de contrainte peut donner à l'utilisateur, la possibilité d'ajuster la vitesse d'avancement de sa machine en fonction de la résistance mesurée et affichée.According to another particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rotational movement of the above-mentioned motor shaft of the stirring member is controlled by strain gauges making it possible to regulate the movement and rotation movements of the stirring member. stirring with respect to the stirring force opposed by the fermentable material with the tools of the above organ. This enslavement of the machine to the brewing force by controlling in particular the intensity of the drive motor of the brewing member could for example trigger the stopping of the machine (to avoid that said force does not affect the whole machine and does not cause a breakdown), or implement an original phase of the working process which will be described in detail a little later and which consists of taking up, with a previous return to the back of the machine, the fermentable material having a higher resistance to stirring but with a lower forward speed. Similarly, associated with a digital display, this strain gauge can give the user the possibility of adjusting the forward speed of his machine as a function of the resistance measured and displayed.
Les concepts fondamentaux de l'invention venant d'être exposés ci-dessus dans leur forme la plus élémentaire, d'autres détails et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit et en regard des dessins annexés, donnant à titre d'exemple non limitatif, un mode de réalisation d'une machine de brassage d'une installation de fabrication de compost conforme à l'invention. BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSThe fundamental concepts of the invention having just been exposed above in their most elementary form, other details and characteristics will emerge more clearly on reading the description which follows and with reference to the appended drawings, giving by way of 'nonlimiting example, an embodiment of a brewing machine of a compost manufacturing installation according to the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La figure 1 est une vue de profil d'une telle machine de brassage en position baissée.Figure 1 is a side view of such a brewing machine in the lowered position.
La figure 2 est une vue de profil de la machine de la figure 1 en position levée et/ou à l'arrêt. La figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un organe de la machine de la figure 1, assurant l'opération de brassage proprement dite.Figure 2 is a side view of the machine of Figure 1 in the raised position and / or stopped. Figure 3 is a perspective view of a member of the machine of Figure 1, ensuring the actual brewing operation.
La figure 4 est une vue de profil de la machine de la figure 1 en position baissée et pendant un cycle de brassage.Figure 4 is a side view of the machine of Figure 1 in the lowered position and during a brewing cycle.
Les figures 5a, 5b, 5c,....51 sont des vues schématiques de profil illustrant les différentes phases d'un cycle aller-retour de travail d'une machine selon l'invention, dans un couloir rempli de matière fermentescible . La figure 6 est une vue de profil de la machine de la figure 1 en position baissée et équipée de deux dispositifs optionnels.Figures 5a, 5b, 5c, .... 51 are views profile diagrams illustrating the different phases of a round-trip work cycle of a machine according to the invention, in a corridor filled with fermentable material. Figure 6 is a side view of the machine of Figure 1 in the lowered position and equipped with two optional devices.
DESCRIPTION DES MODES DE RÉALISATION PRÉFÉRÉSDESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Telle qu'illustrée sur le dessin de la figure 1, la machine de brassage référencée M dans son ensemble et destinée à évoluer au-dessus d'une matière fermentescible reposant dans un couloir de fermentation C repose sur une ossature réalisée à partir d'un assemblage métallique de profilés et de tubes mécano soudés classiques préalablement sablés pour enlever les éventuels points de rouille, puis traités par rapport à l'environnement corrosif où ils évolueront avant d'être peints. Cette ossature élaborée classiquement pour servir de structure logique aux organes fonctionnels de la machine M se compose notamment :As illustrated in the drawing in FIG. 1, the brewing machine referenced M as a whole and intended to evolve above a fermentable material resting in a fermentation corridor C rests on a framework produced from a metallic assembly of profiles and conventional mechanically welded tubes previously sandblasted to remove any rust spots, then treated with respect to the corrosive environment where they will evolve before being painted. This framework conventionally developed to serve as a logical structure for the functional organs of the machine M is composed in particular:
- d'un bâti roulant 100 permettant de déplacer en translation la machine M (Flèches T et T') le long de deux chemins de roulement équipant le chant supérieur des deux murs longitudinaux bordant le couloir C, _ et d'un bâti 200 articulé (flèches A et A') sur le premier bâti 100 autour d'un axe horizontal perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du couloir C.- a rolling frame 100 making it possible to move the machine M in translation (Arrows T and T ') along two rolling tracks equipping the upper edge of the two longitudinal walls bordering the corridor C, _ and an articulated frame 200 (arrows A and A ') on the first frame 100 around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the corridor C.
Le bâti roulant 100, évoluant sur deux chemins de roulement définis par deux rails ancrés sur les chants supérieurs des deux murs longitudinaux C (dont un seul est représenté en traits mixtes) bordant le couloir C, est équipé à ses quatre extrémités et via des sommiers, de quatre galets 110 motorisés indépendamment pour autoriser sans déséquilibre la circulation de la machine M le long des murs C (flèches T et T'). Ce bâti roulant 100, convenablement arrimé aux rails, est également embarqué de détecteurs de fin de course non représentés pour limiter les déplacements T et T' de la machine aux extrémités du couloir C.The rolling frame 100, evolving on two tracks defined by two rails anchored on the upper edges of the two longitudinal walls C (of which only one is shown in phantom) bordering the corridor C, is equipped at its four ends and via box springs , of four rollers 110 motorized independently to allow the machine M to flow without imbalance along the walls C (arrows T and T '). This rolling frame 100, suitably stowed on the rails, is also loaded from limit switches not shown to limit the displacements T and T 'of the machine at the ends of lane C.
Le bâti 200, quant à lui, représenté ici dans un mode articulé, supporte un organe de brassage 300 et est monté pivotant (flèches A et A') autour d'un axe-support horizontal 120 associé au bâti roulant 100, sous l'effet de l'extension (flèche A) ou de la rétraction (flèche A') de deux vérins de levage 130 calés de chaque côté de la machine M entre le bâti roulant 100 et le bâti articulé 200. Ce bâti articulé 200 permet ainsi audit organe de brassage 300 d'évoluer d'une position basse de travail tel qu'il est illustré sur le dessin de la figure 1 à une position relevée tel qu'il est illustré sur le dessin de la figure 2 pour permettre à l'ensemble de la machine M d'évoluer librement au-dessus de la dite matière fermentescible déposée dans le couloir C entre les deux murs C ' .The frame 200, meanwhile, shown here in an articulated mode, supports a stirring member 300 and is pivotally mounted (arrows A and A ') around a horizontal support axis 120 associated with the rolling frame 100, under the effect of the extension (arrow A) or of the retraction (arrow A ') of two lifting jacks 130 fixed on each side of the machine M between the rolling frame 100 and the articulated frame 200. This articulated frame 200 thus allows said audit stirring member 300 to move from a low working position as illustrated in the drawing in FIG. 1 to a raised position as illustrated in the drawing in FIG. 2 to allow the assembly of the machine M to move freely above the said fermentable material deposited in the corridor C between the two walls C '.
.Selon le concept fondamental de l'invention, l'organe de brassage 300 illustré plus en détails sur le dessin de la figure 3 se compose d'un arbre-moteur 310 aménagé périphériquement d'outils de brassage 320 disposés périphériquement selon deux paires de spires à pas inversé par rapport au plan médian perpendiculaire de symétrie dudit arbre-moteur 310. Ainsi, par rapport au plan médian vertical théorique de symétrie passant par la position 0 de l'outil central 320, les autres outils 320 se trouvent disposés symétriquement deux à deux aux mêmes positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ... 16 de sorte que les deux paires d'outils n°8 et n°16 agiront toujours simultanément de part et d'autre de l'outil médian n°0 comme les deux paires d'outils n°l et n°9, ou encore les deux paires d'outils n°2 et n°10, et ainsi de suite pour les huit outils de chaque spire. Comme précisée au début du présent mémoire, cette disposition a pour avantage de répartir uniformément sur toute la longueur de l'arbre-support 310, les efforts que subissent les outils 320. Bien évidemment, le nombre (deux) de paires de spires et le nombre (huit) d'outils pour chaque spire pourront être adaptés à l'importance de la machine et du volume de matière fermentescible à travailler..According to the fundamental concept of the invention, the stirring member 300 illustrated in more detail in the drawing of FIG. 3 consists of a motor shaft 310 fitted peripherally with stirring tools 320 arranged peripherally in two pairs of turns not reversed with respect to the perpendicular median plane of symmetry of said motor shaft 310. Thus, with respect to the theoretical vertical median plane of symmetry passing through position 0 of the central tool 320, the other tools 320 are arranged symmetrically two in two at the same positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ... 16 so that the two pairs of tools n ° 8 and n ° 16 will always act simultaneously on both sides of the middle tool n ° 0 as the two pairs of tools n ° l and n ° 9, or even the two pairs of tools n ° 2 and n ° 10, and so on for the eight tools of each turn. As explained at the beginning of this specification, this arrangement has the advantage of distributing uniformly over the entire length of the support shaft 310, the forces that tools undergo 320. Obviously, the number (two) of pairs of turns and the number (eight) of tools for each turn can be adapted to the size of the machine and the volume of fermentable material to work.
Selon une caractéristique particulièrement avantageuse de l'invention, les outils de brassage 320 sont constitués par des bras individuels 320a montés de manière amovible (par goupillage) sur 1 ' arbre-mo eur 310 à des fins de remplacement rapide.According to a particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the stirring tools 320 are constituted by individual arms 320a removably mounted (by pinning) on the drive shaft 310 for quick replacement purposes.
Selon une autre caractéristique particulièrement avantageuse de l'invention, les bras 320a des susdits outils de brassage 320 sont terminés par une extrémité élargie 320b formant palette dont la forme rectangulaire ou trapézoïdale sera adaptée pour favoriser les fonctions de raclage tangentiel, de transport et de projection de la matière fermentescible à l'arrière de la machine M comme montrée sur le dessin de la figure 4 où elle est représentée dans un cycle de travail où le bâti articulé 200 est en position abaissée en appui sur le bâti roulant 100, les galets de roulement 110 du bâti roulant déplacent lentement la machine dans le sens de la flèche T et l'organe de brassage 300 est animé d'un mouvement de rotation dans le sens de la flèche R. Un autre objet de l'invention est d'asservir la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre-moteur 310 à l'effort de brassage de la matière opposé aux outils 320. Pour y parvenir, le mouvement de rotation du susdit arbre-moteur est asservi par des jauges de contrainte qui contrôlent l'intensité des moteurs d'entraînement rotatifs permettant d'arrêter la rotation des galets moteurs 110 du bâti roulant 100 et d'engager une nouvelle phase du cycle de travail de la machine M qui consiste à lui faire opérer un retour en arrière sur une distance préétablie avec ou non relevage de l'organe de brassage 300 afin de brasser à nouveau ce tronçon de matière fermentescible plus résistante au broyage, et ce par exemple avec une vitesse d'avancement plus lente.According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the arms 320a of the above stirring tools 320 are terminated by an enlarged end 320b forming a pallet whose rectangular or trapezoidal shape will be adapted to favor the tangential scraping, transport and projection functions. of the fermentable material at the rear of the machine M as shown in the drawing of FIG. 4 where it is represented in a work cycle where the articulated frame 200 is in the lowered position bearing on the rolling frame 100, the rollers of bearing 110 of the rolling frame slowly move the machine in the direction of arrow T and the stirring member 300 is rotated in the direction of arrow R. Another object of the invention is to control the speed of rotation of the motor shaft 310 to the stirring force of the material opposite to the tools 320. To achieve this, the rotational movement of the above motor shaft e st controlled by strain gauges which control the intensity of the rotary drive motors making it possible to stop the rotation of the drive rollers 110 of the rolling frame 100 and to initiate a new phase of the working cycle of the machine M which consists of make it operate a backtrack over a predetermined distance with or without lifting the stirring member 300 in order to again stir this section of fermentable material more resistant to grinding, for example with a slower forward speed.
Les dessins des figures 5a, 5b, 5d, ... 51 ont pour objet d'illustrer les différentes phases d'un cycle de travail que la machine M peut mettre en application, ce cycle étant donné à titre illustratif et susceptible de paramétrages différents facilement mis en œuvre par un homme de métier. Pour mettre en œuvre ce procédé, tous les organes moteurs de la machine qui assurent les mouvements de déplacements T, T' et T" du bâti roulant 100, d'articulation A et A' du bâti 200 et de rotation R de l'organe de brassage 300, sont assujettis à une centrale programmée embarquée sur la machine M et qui, en fonction de détecteurs de fins de course, des jauges de contraintes, de consignes de sécurités (protections thermiques et électriques) et d'instructions préétablies, coordonne le bon déroulement des opérations suivantes .The drawings of Figures 5a, 5b, 5d, ... 51 are intended to illustrate the different phases of a work cycle that the machine M can implement, this cycle being given by way of illustration and capable of different settings easily implemented by a skilled person. To implement this process, all the motor members of the machine which ensure the movements of displacements T, T 'and T "of the rolling frame 100, of articulation A and A' of the frame 200 and of rotation R of the member 300, are subject to a programmed central unit on board the machine M which, depending on limit switch detectors, strain gauges, safety instructions (thermal and electrical protection) and pre-established instructions, coordinates the smooth operation of the following operations.
Sur le dessin de la figure 5a illustrant le début du cycle de travail, la machine M est positionnée à une extrémité de sortie Cs du couloir C rempli de matière fermentescible D, avec son organe de brassage 300 abaissé et l'arbre-moteur 310 animé du mouvement de rotation R.In the drawing in FIG. 5a illustrating the start of the work cycle, the machine M is positioned at an outlet end Cs of the corridor C filled with fermentable material D, with its stirring member 300 lowered and the motor shaft 310 animated of the rotational movement R.
Sur le dessin de la figure 5b, la machine M se déplace lentement (flèche T) le long du couloir C avec son organe de brassage 300 abaissé et en rotation (flèche R) de sorte qu'un volume d de matière fermentescible venant d'être brassée est déplacé à l'arrière de la machine M. En fait, ce volume d de matière ermentescible qui a subi un déplacement équivalent à chaque passage précédent de la machine M et progressivement depuis l'extrémité d'entréeIn the drawing of FIG. 5b, the machine M moves slowly (arrow T) along the corridor C with its stirring member 300 lowered and in rotation (arrow R) so that a volume d of fermentable material coming from being stirred is moved to the rear of the machine M. In fact, this volume d of ermentable material which has undergone a displacement equivalent to each preceding passage of the machine M and gradually from the entry end
Ce du couloir C où il a été approvisionné, correspond à un volume de compost évacuable à des fins de récupération. Ce volume d pourra être récupéré à tout moment pendant le parcours de la machine M vers l'extrémité d'entrée Ce du couloir C.This from corridor C where it was supplied corresponds to a volume of compost which can be disposed of for recovery purposes. This volume d can be recovered at any time during the journey from the machine M to the entry end Ce of the corridor C.
Sur le dessin de la figure 5c, la machine M progresse (flèche T) le long du couloir C avec son organe de brassage 300 abaissé et en rotation (flèche R) , toujours en déplaçant des volumes d de matière fermentescible à l'arrière de la machine M. Sur le dessin de la figure 5d, où l'on notera que le volume d a été évacué, les outils 310 de l'organe de brassage 300 rencontrent un volume de matière fermentescible D' beaucoup plus compact donc plus résistant au brassage de sorte que l'effort opposé aux outils de brassage 320, via les jauges de contraintes, est transmis à un module de commande de la centrale programmée qui déclenche l'arrêt de la machine M.In the drawing of FIG. 5c, the machine M progresses (arrow T) along the corridor C with its stirring member 300 lowered and rotating (arrow R), still moving volumes d of fermentable material at the rear of the machine M. In the drawing of FIG. 5d, where it will be noted that the volume has been removed, the tools 310 of the stirring member 300 encounter a volume of fermentable material D 'much more compact therefore more resistant to stirring so that the force opposed to the stirring tools 320 , via the strain gauges, is transmitted to a control module of the programmed central unit which triggers the stop of the machine M.
Sur le dessin de la figure 5e, la machine M après s'être arrêtée, se déplace légèrement en arrière dans le sens de la flèche T' inverse de celui de la flèche T, sur une durée préprogrammée (de l'ordre de cinq à dix minutes), à la fin de laquelle elle s'arrête, comme montrée sur le dessin de la figure 5f pour repartir à nouveau en avant dans le sens de la flèche T" de même sens QT e la flèche T et avec l'organe de brassage 300 animé de la rotation R (cf. dessin de la figure 5g) mais avec une vitesse de translation moindre.In the drawing in FIG. 5e, the machine M, after having stopped, moves slightly backwards in the direction of the arrow T 'opposite to that of the arrow T, over a preprogrammed period (of the order of five to ten minutes), at the end of which it stops, as shown in the drawing in FIG. 5f in order to start again in the direction of the arrow T "in the same direction QT and the arrow T and with the member stirring 300 driven by the rotation R (cf. drawing of FIG. 5g) but with a lower translation speed.
Sur le dessin de la figure 5h, la matière fermentescible plus compact D', ne s'oppose plus au passage de la machine M, de sorte qu'au bout d'une durée préprogrammée, la machine M reprend sa vitesse normale initiale (flèche T de la figure 5i) et progresse jusqu'à l'extrémité d'entrée Ce du couloir C, tout en projetant à l'arrière de la machine M des volumes de matière fermentescible d.In the drawing in FIG. 5h, the more compact fermentable material D ′ no longer opposes the passage of the machine M, so that at the end of a preprogrammed period, the machine M resumes its initial normal speed (arrow T of Figure 5i) and progresses to the entry end Ce of the corridor C, while projecting at the rear of the machine M volumes of fermentable material d.
Sur le dessin de la figure 5j, la machine M arrive à à l'extrémité d'entrée Ce du couloir C au bout de laquelle des arrêts de fin de course déclenchent l'arrêt de la rotation des galets moteurs 110 et de la rotation R de l'arbre-moteur 310.In the drawing in FIG. 5j, the machine M arrives at the entry end Ce of the corridor C at the end of which end-of-travel stops trigger the stopping of the rotation of the drive rollers 110 and of the rotation R of the motor shaft 310.
Sur le dessin de la figure 5k, le bâti articulé 200 est articulé (flèche A) en position relevée dégageant l'organe de brassage 300 de la matière fermentescible D.In the drawing of FIG. 5k, the articulated frame 200 is articulated (arrow A) in the raised position releasing the stirring member 300 from the fermentable material D.
Sur le dessin de la figure 51, la machine M est déplacée rapidement dans le sens de la flèche T' jusqu'à l'extrémité Cs du couloir C où des arrêts de fin de course déclenchent l'arrêt de la rotation des galets moteurs 110 et la machine M est prête pour un nouveau cycle de travail. Dès que la machine M a rejoint l'extrémité de sortie Cs, l'extrémité d'entrée Ce peut être à nouveau approvisionnée en matière première.In the drawing in FIG. 51, the machine M is moved rapidly in the direction of the arrow T ′ to the end Cs of the corridor C where end-of-travel stops trigger the stop of the rotation of the drive rollers 110 and machine M is ready for a new work cycle. As soon as the machine M has reached the outlet end Cs, the inlet end Ce can be supplied with raw material again.
Il va de soi que le procédé ci-dessus peut être aménagé par exemple en commandant à l'organe de brassage 300 un déplacement et une rotation inverse à ceux des flèches T et R de manière à brasser la matière fermentescible en la déplaçant dans les deux sens pour retarder l'évacuation du compost.It goes without saying that the above process can be arranged for example by commanding the stirring member 300 to move and reverse rotation to those of the arrows T and R so as to stir the fermentable material by moving it in the two sense to delay the evacuation of the compost.
On comprend que le procédé de fabrication de compost et la machine de brassage qui viennent d'être ci-dessus décrits et représentés, l'ont été en vue d'une divulgation plutôt que d'une limitation. Bien entendu, divers aménagements, modifications et améliorations pourront être apportés à l'exemple ci-dessus, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention tel que définie dans les revendications . Par exemple, des tôles ou capots de protection 220 pourront couvrir la partie transmission qui entraîne l'organe de brassage 300, pour éviter des projections de matière fermentescible vers le haut et canaliser les dégagements de gaz (vapeurs d'amoniac, d'eau, etc..) vers une hotte d'évacuation 400 qui pourra être judicieusement installée à l'arrière de la machine M, comme montrée sur le dessin de la figure 6.It is understood that the method of making compost and the brewing machine which have just been described and shown above, were for the purpose of disclosure rather than limitation. Of course, various arrangements, modifications and improvements could be made to the above example, without going beyond the ambit of the invention as defined in the claims. For example, protective sheets or covers 220 may cover the transmission part which drives the stirring member 300, in order to avoid projections of fermentable material upwards and to channel the release of gases (vapors of ammonia, of water, etc.) to an exhaust hood 400 which can be judiciously installed at the rear of the machine M, as shown in the drawing in FIG. 6.
De même, il sera possible d'atteler de manière amovible à l'avant de la machine M, une trémie 500 (cf. figure 6) d'alimentation en liquide ou en boues avec un système de vidange actionnable manuellement ou automatiquement pour réguler le taux d'humidité de la masse de matière fermentescible sur toute la largeur et/ou la longueur du couloir C. Likewise, it will be possible to detachably attach to the front of the machine M, a hopper 500 (cf. FIG. 6) for supplying liquid or sludge with a drain system which can be actuated manually or automatically to regulate the humidity level of the mass of fermentable material over the entire width and / or length of lane C.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de travail d'une machine de brassage (M) d'une matière fermentescible (D) d'une installation de fermentation, CARACTÉRISÉ EN CE Qu'il consiste à brasser la matière fermentescible (D) en la retournant et en la projetant à l'arrière la machine (M) de manière à la déplacer progressivement le long dudit couloir d'une première extrémité d'alimentation (Ce) vers une deuxième extrémité d'évacuation (Cs) . 1. Working process of a brewing machine (M) of a fermentable material (D) of a fermentation installation, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT it consists in brewing the fermentable material (D) by turning it over and projecting the machine at the rear (M) so as to move it gradually along said corridor from a first supply end (Ce) to a second discharge end (Cs).
2. Procédé de travail selon la revendication 1, CARACTÉRISÉ EN CE QU'il consiste à faire déplacer en translation (flèche T) ladite machine (M) le long du couloir (C) tout en assurant simultanément le brassage de la matière fermentescible (D) . 2. The working method as claimed in claim 1, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT it consists in causing said machine (M) to move in translation (arrow T) along the passage (C) while simultaneously ensuring the mixing of the fermentable material (D ).
3. Machine permettant de mettre en oeuvre le procédé de travail selon les revendications 1 et 2 assurant le brassage des matières fermentescibles (D) déposées dans au moins un couloir de fermentation (C) d'une installation de compostage, du type de celle constituée d'un organe de brassage (300) se composant d'un arbre-moteur (310) aménagé périphériquement d'outils de brassage (320) et qui, disposé horizontalement et transversalement audit couloir (C) , est animé d'une part, d'un mouvement de rotation (flèche R) sur lui même pour assurer le brassage de la matière fermentescible (D) et d'autre part, d'un mouvement de translation (flèche T, T' ou T") le long dudit couloir (C) pour évoluer d'une extrémité (Ce) à l'autre (Cs) de ce dernier, CARACTÉRISÉE PAR LE FAIT QUE les outils de brassage (320) de l'organe de brassage (300) permettant de brasser la matière fermentescible (D) en la projetant à l'arrière de la machine (M), sont disposés périphériquement autour dudit arbre-moteur (310) selon au moins une paire de spires à pas inversé disposées symétriquement par rapport au plan médian perpendiculaire de symétrie dudit arbre-moteur (310).3. Machine making it possible to implement the working method according to claims 1 and 2 ensuring the mixing of the fermentable materials (D) deposited in at least one fermentation corridor (C) of a composting installation, of the type of that constituted a stirring member (300) consisting of a motor shaft (310) fitted peripherally with stirring tools (320) and which, arranged horizontally and transversely to said passage (C), is driven on the one hand, a rotational movement (arrow R) on itself to ensure mixing of the fermentable material (D) and secondly, a translational movement (arrow T, T 'or T ") along said corridor (C) to evolve from one end (Ce) to the other (Cs) of the latter, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the stirring tools (320) of the stirring member (300) making it possible to stir the fermentable material (D) projecting it to the rear of the machine (M), are arranged peripherally around d udit motor shaft (310) according to at least one pair of inverted pitch turns arranged symmetrically with respect to the perpendicular median plane of symmetry of said motor shaft (310).
4. Machine selon la revendication 3, CARACTÉRISÉE PAR LE FAIT Qu'elle est constituée d'une ossature qui, servant de structure logique aux organes fonctionnels, se compose4. Machine according to claim 3, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT It is made up of a framework which, serving as a logical structure for the functional organs, consists
- d'un bâti roulant (100) permettant de déplacer en translation (Flèches T, T' ou T") l'ensemble de la machine- a rolling frame (100) making it possible to move the entire machine in translation (arrows T, T 'or T ")
(M) le long de deux chemins de roulement équipant le chant supérieur des deux murs longitudinaux (C) bordant le couloir (C) ,(M) along two raceways equipping the upper edge of the two longitudinal walls (C) bordering the corridor (C),
- et d'un bâti (200) qui, supportant ledit organe de brassage (300), est monté mobile (flèches A et A') par rapport au premier bâti roulant (100) pour permettre audit organe de brassage (300) d'évoluer d'une position basse de travail où lesdits outils de brassage (320) sont en contact avec la matière fermentescible (D) et une position relevée où lesdits outils de brassage (320) ne sont pas en contact avec la matière fermentescible afin que l'ensemble de la machine (M) puisse évoluer librement (flèches T et T') au-dessus de la dite matière fermentescible (D) .- And a frame (200) which, supporting said stirring member (300), is mounted movable (arrows A and A ') relative to the first rolling frame (100) to allow said stirring member (300) to move from a low working position where said stirring tools (320) are in contact with the fermentable material (D) and a raised position where said stirring tools (320) are not in contact with the fermentable material so that the 'the whole machine (M) can evolve freely (arrows T and T') above said fermentable material (D).
5. Machine selon la revendication 1, CARACTÉRISÉE PAR LE FAIT QUE les susdits outils de brassage (320) de l'organe de brassage (300) sont constitués par un ensemble de bras montés individuellement sur l'arbre-moteur (310).5. Machine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the above-mentioned stirring tools (320) of the stirring member (300) consist of a set of arms individually mounted on the motor shaft (310).
6. Machine selon la revendication 3, CARACTÉRISÉE PAR LE FAIT QUE le mouvement de rotation (flèche R) du susdit arbre-moteur (310) de l'organe de brassage (300) est asservi par des jauges de contrainte permettant de réguler les mouvements de déplacement (flèches T et T') et/ou de rotation (flèche R) de l'organe de brassage (300) par rapport à l'effort de brassage opposé par la matière fermentescible (D') aux outils (320) du susdit organe6. Machine according to claim 3, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the rotational movement (arrow R) of the above motor shaft (310) of the stirring member (300) is controlled by strain gauges for regulating the movements movement (arrows T and T ') and / or rotation (arrow R) of the stirring member (300) relative to the stirring force opposed by the fermentable material (D') to the tools (320) of the said organ
(300) .(300).
7. Machine selon les revendications 3 et 4, CARACTÉRISÉE PAR LE FAIT QUE le susdit bâti mobile (200) est monté articulé (flèches A et A') sur le premier bâti roulant (100) autour d'un axe-support horizontal (120) porté par ce dernier perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal du couloir (C) de sorte que le susdit organe de brassage (300) est animé d'un mouvement de basculement (flèche A ou A') autour d'un axe horizontal (120) perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du couloir (C) . 7. Machine according to claims 3 and 4, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the above-mentioned movable frame (200) is mounted articulated (arrows A and A ') on the first rolling frame (100) around a horizontal support axis (120 ) carried by the latter perpendicular to the axis longitudinal of the corridor (C) so that the aforementioned stirring member (300) is driven in a tilting movement (arrow A or A ') around a horizontal axis (120) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the corridor ( VS) .
8. Machine selon les revendications 3 et 4, CARACTÉRISÉE PAR LE FAIT QUE le susdit bâti mobile (200) est monté coulissant verticalement par rapport au premier bâti roulant (100) de sorte que le susdit organe de brassage (300) est animé d'un mouvement de translation le long d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du couloir (C) .8. Machine according to claims 3 and 4, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the aforesaid movable frame (200) is slidably mounted vertically relative to the first rolling frame (100) so that the above stirring member (300) is animated by a translational movement along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the corridor (C).
9. Machine selon les revendications 3 et 5, CARACTÉRISÉE PAR LE FAIT QUE les bras (320a) des susdits outils de brassage (320) de l'organe de brassage (300) sont montés de manière amovible sur ledit arbre-moteur (310) .9. Machine according to claims 3 and 5, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the arms (320a) of the above stirring tools (320) of the stirring member (300) are removably mounted on said motor shaft (310) .
10. Machine selon les revendications 3 et 5, CARACTÉRISÉE PAR LE FAIT QUE les bras (320a) des susdits outils de brassage (320) sont terminés par une extrémité élargie (320b) formant palette. 10. Machine according to claims 3 and 5, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the arms (320a) of the above stirring tools (320) are terminated by an enlarged end (320b) forming a pallet.
EP01958163A 2000-07-24 2001-07-24 Method and apparatus for moving and stirring compost Withdrawn EP1303467A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0009649 2000-07-24
FR0009649A FR2811981A1 (en) 2000-07-24 2000-07-24 Continuous composting comprises using tunnels filled with organic waste, fermenter with spiral mixer moving along guide rails in tunnels and gas collection devices in tunnels
PCT/FR2001/002402 WO2002008153A1 (en) 2000-07-24 2001-07-24 Method and apparatus for moving and stirring compost

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EP1303467A1 true EP1303467A1 (en) 2003-04-23

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KR (1) KR20030029637A (en)
CN (1) CN1443148A (en)
AU (1) AU2001279895A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0113013A (en)
CA (1) CA2416857A1 (en)
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BR0113013A (en) 2004-01-13
AU2001279895A1 (en) 2002-02-05
FR2811981A1 (en) 2002-01-25
US20040005698A1 (en) 2004-01-08
WO2002008153A1 (en) 2002-01-31
CA2416857A1 (en) 2002-01-31
KR20030029637A (en) 2003-04-14
MXPA03000671A (en) 2003-09-25
RU2003105220A (en) 2004-08-10
CN1443148A (en) 2003-09-17

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