EP1298290B1 - Exhaust gas treatment system of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Exhaust gas treatment system of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1298290B1
EP1298290B1 EP02292327A EP02292327A EP1298290B1 EP 1298290 B1 EP1298290 B1 EP 1298290B1 EP 02292327 A EP02292327 A EP 02292327A EP 02292327 A EP02292327 A EP 02292327A EP 1298290 B1 EP1298290 B1 EP 1298290B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anode
treatment
treatment element
cathode
treatment system
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EP02292327A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1298290A1 (en
Inventor
Sabine Calvo
Yvane Lendresse
Pascal Boubert
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Renault SAS
PSA Automobiles SA
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Renault SAS
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/0275—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using electric discharge means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0892—Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for treating the exhaust gases of a combustion engine.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a system for treating the exhaust gases of a combustion engine, of the type which comprises a treatment element disposed in an exhaust line and a system for producing high voltage electrical discharges and low intensity, between at least one cathode and anode which are arranged in the exhaust line.
  • pollutants such as unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides and particulates in the case of diesel engines.
  • Control of gaseous pollutant emissions can be obtained by introducing specific catalysts into the exhaust line, such as, for example, the three-way catalyst for stoichiometric gasoline engines or the nitrogen oxide trap for Direct Injection engines.
  • specific catalysts such as, for example, the three-way catalyst for stoichiometric gasoline engines or the nitrogen oxide trap for Direct Injection engines.
  • the nitrogen oxide trap the reducing agents are unburned hydrocarbons accessible in the exhaust gas, unlike SCR catalysis using an external reducing agent, for example urea.
  • the present invention proposes the use of non-thermal plasma technology in a catalytic and / or filtering material in order to assist the treatment of gaseous pollutants contained in a gasoline or diesel engine exhaust, among other things the reduction catalysis of oxides. nitrogen, and / or to induce the combustion of soot trapped in a filter placed in a gasoline or diesel engine exhaust line.
  • This technology consists of forming metastable species, radicals and very reactive ions by collision between the gas molecules and the energetic electrons produced by the electric discharges, and without raising the temperature of the reaction medium.
  • the highly energetic metastable species, radicals and electrons produced are promoters of chemical reduction, for example nitrogen oxides and soot particles, by direct interactions of these very short-lived species with pollutants.
  • the object of the claim differs from that of D1 in that the anode is a network of conducting wires which extends in a plane parallel to the direction of flow of gases in the exhaust line.
  • Document D1 does not disclose the structure of the anode (3), and Figure 5 shows a plate-shaped anode (3) which extends in a plane parallel to the flow of the exhaust gas.
  • such anode (3) does not allow to obtain a homogeneous distribution of electric discharges transmitted over the entire length of the filter during each electrical pulse.
  • the invention therefore proposes a system for treating the exhaust gases of a combustion engine, of the type that comprises a treatment element disposed in an exhaust line and a system for producing high voltage and low voltage electric discharges.
  • intensity between at least one cathode and an anode arranged in the exhaust line, to form chemical species favorable to the regeneration of the element of treatment, characterized in that the anode extends in the treatment element in a direction substantially parallel to the flow direction of the exhaust gas in the exhaust line, and in that at least one cathode is arranged at least partially at the periphery of the treatment element in a direction substantially parallel to that of the anode.
  • the particulate filter may be replaced by a catalyst such as a catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system 10 for treating the exhaust gases G of a combustion engine 12.
  • the engine 12 may in particular be a diesel engine or a gasoline engine operating in a lean mixture such as a combustion engine. gasoline direct injection.
  • An exhaust line 14 allows the evacuation of gases G from the engine to the atmosphere.
  • the treatment system 10 for purifying the exhaust gas G is interposed in the line 14. It consists mainly of a treatment element 16 arranged in a chamber 18.
  • the processing system 10 also includes a system 20 for producing electric discharges.
  • the electric discharges are produced by a pulse generator 26 between an anode 22 and a cathode 24 arranged in the exhaust line 14.
  • the technology used is that of non-thermal plasmas.
  • the electric discharges are produced at a frequency ranging from one to several kHz for a high applied voltage (up to several tens of kV) between the anode (s) and the cathode (s) and consist of pulses of high current (up to several kA) and low life.
  • Electric shocks are produced in such a way that they propagate in the exhaust gases G to treat the oxides of nitrogen and produce oxidative activated species that promote particle combustion
  • the anode 22 extends in the treatment element 16 in a direction substantially parallel to the flow direction of the exhaust gases G in the exhaust line 14.
  • at least a cathode 24 is arranged at the periphery of the treatment element 16 in a direction substantially parallel to that of the anode.
  • the pulse generator 26 supplies the anode 22, located inside the treatment element 16, under the high voltage, and the cathode 24 , arranged at the periphery of the treatment element 16, being connected to the electrical ground of the system.
  • Figure 2 shows in section a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the chamber 18 is here substantially cylindrical whose longitudinal axis corresponds to the general direction of the flow of the exhaust gas G in the line 14.
  • the processing element 16 which is here a filter element also called particle trap, consists of longitudinal input and output channels 17B 17B which are alternately plugged and open at the input and which are inversely open and plugged respectively at the output .
  • the walls of the channels are porous.
  • the exhaust gas G enters the channels 170 which are open at the entrance and pass through the porous walls so as to emerge through the channels 17B which are open at the outlet. As they pass through the walls, the particles are retained so that the exhaust gases exiting the treatment element 16 are free of particles.
  • the anode 22 extends in the treatment element 16 in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of the flow of the exhaust gases G.
  • the anode 22 here consists of a conductive wire which extends longitudinally to the treatment element 16.
  • the cathode 24 which is of tubular shape envelops the treatment element 16.
  • the system formed by the treatment element 16, the anode 22 and the cathode 24 is symmetrical.
  • the loading of the particulate filter 16 can be determined by a differential pressure measuring sensor, not shown, which provides the value of the pressure drop produced by the particulate filter 16 between the inlet and the outlet of the chamber 18. When the value of the pressure drop is greater than a predetermined value, this means that the filter 16 is saturated, its regeneration is then initiated.
  • the pulse generator 26 produces electric discharges which are homogeneously distributed in the treatment element 16.
  • the homogeneous distribution of the discharges in the treatment element 16 is mainly due to the symmetry of the system formed by the treatment element 16, the anode 22 and the cathode 24
  • a woolen strip The thermal device 25 may be disposed between the inner wall of the chamber 18 and the cathode 24.
  • the thermal wool strip 25 makes it possible to mechanically decouple between the wall of the chamber 18 and the treatment element 16. In addition, it ensures the thermal insulation of the treatment element 16 so as to limit the temperature of the the outer face of the wall of the chamber 18, and to promote the temperature rise inside the treatment element, which further facilitates the regeneration of the treatment system.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the chamber 18 of the treatment system receives a reactor 30 consisting of two upper and lower shells 32, 34 in which is arranged the processing element 16 of generally parallelepiped shape.
  • the casing 18 makes it possible to seal the reactor 30 to the exhaust line 14.
  • the treatment element 16 consists of two upper and lower blocks 36, 38 which are symmetrical with respect to a median horizontal plane P of the reactor 30.
  • the anode 22 is constituted by a network of parallel conductor wires 40 that can be made of stainless steel.
  • the network of conducting wires 40 extends between the two blocks 36 and 38 in the median horizontal plane P which is parallel to the direction of the flow of the exhaust gas G in the line 14.
  • the conductive wires are interconnected by two strips 41 of conductive material which extend longitudinally on both sides of the side of the treatment element 16.
  • the bars 41 allow on the one hand to stretch the son 40 between the upper and lower blocks 36, 38 and on the other hand to form two elements d feeding common to all threads 40.
  • the conductive wires 40 may be perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the exhaust gases G, according to FIG.
  • they can also be oriented differently, in particular in a direction parallel to the direction of the flow of the exhaust gas G.
  • the anode 22 may be constituted by a plate of conductive material.
  • a first cathode 24 is interposed between the upper wall 42 of the upper block 36 and the inner wall of the upper shell 32.
  • a second cathode 24 is interposed between the lower wall 44 of the lower block 38 and the inner wall of the lower shell 34.
  • the cathodes 24 consist of a plate of conductive material which may be stainless steel.
  • first and second cathodes 24 each extend in a plane parallel to that of the plane of the conductive wires 40 forming the anode 22.
  • Each upper block 36 and lower 38 is interposed between the anode 22 and the first and the second cathode 24.
  • the system formed by the cathodes 24 and the blocks 36, 38 of the processing element 16 are symmetrical with respect to the median horizontal plane P containing the anode 22.
  • the electric discharges caused by the pulse generator 26 occur simultaneously between the anode 22 and each of the first and second cathodes 24.
  • the electric discharges are homogeneously distributed in the treatment element 16, which promotes the combustion of the stored particles.
  • the envelope 18 must allow the passage of the electrical conductors for connecting the anode 22 and the cathodes 24 to the pulse generator 26.
  • electrically insulated (not shown) orifices are made in its wall so that conductive elements connect the anode 22 and the cathodes 24 to the pulse generator 26 respectively.
  • the conductive elements may be copper strips 50 and 52, in accordance with FIG.
  • the envelope 18 makes it possible to form a Faraday cage so as to limit the electromagnetic disturbances produced by the processing system 10.
  • thermal wool strips 25 may be arranged between the cathodes 24 and the upper blocks 36 and lower 38 of the treatment element 16.
  • the material constituting the upper 32 and lower 34 shells must have a very low electrical conductivity due to the presence of the electrodes 22, 24 so as to minimize the risk of short circuits. In addition, this material must be able to withstand high temperatures. Therefore, the upper 32 and lower 34 shells can be made of ceramic or with a ceramic coating.
  • processing 10 consists of a stack of processing elements 16.
  • two processing elements 16 are stacked.
  • the two elements comprise a common cathode 54.
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to adapt the processing capacity of the system 10 according to the vehicle on which it is mounted and the quantity of polluting substances to be treated, from a single model of treatment element 16.

Abstract

System for treatment of exhaust gas (G) from combustion motor comprises a treatment element in parallelepiped form in the exhaust line (16) and system for producing high voltage/low current discharge between cathodes (24) and anode (22) to form chemical species for regenerating treatment element .The anode extends within the element parallel to the opposite walls (42,44) of the element and parallel to the direction of flow of the gases. The cathodes are arranged on the opposite walls parallel to the anode. The anode and cathodes comprise networks of conductors (40).

Description

L'invention concerne un système de traitement des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion.The invention relates to a system for treating the exhaust gases of a combustion engine.

L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un système de traitement des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion, du type qui comporte un élément de traitement disposé dans une ligne d'échappement et un système de production de décharges électriques de forte tension et de faible intensité, entre au moins une cathode et une anode qui sont agencées dans la ligne d'échappement.The invention relates more particularly to a system for treating the exhaust gases of a combustion engine, of the type which comprises a treatment element disposed in an exhaust line and a system for producing high voltage electrical discharges and low intensity, between at least one cathode and anode which are arranged in the exhaust line.

Les moteurs diesel et essence émettent des substances polluantes telles que des hydrocarbures imbrûlés, des oxydes d'azote, des oxydes de carbone et des particules dans le cas des moteurs diesel. On sait que l'une des préoccupations majeures des équipementiers et des constructeurs de véhicules automobiles est la réduction de la pollution engendrée par le fonctionnement de ces moteurs.Diesel and gasoline engines emit pollutants such as unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides and particulates in the case of diesel engines. We know that one of the major concerns of equipment manufacturers and motor vehicle manufacturers is the reduction of pollution caused by the operation of these engines.

Différentes solutions techniques ont donc été envisagées pour tenter de réduire les niveaux de pollution de ces moteurs.Various technical solutions have therefore been considered in an attempt to reduce the pollution levels of these engines.

La maîtrise des émissions polluantes gazeuses peut être obtenue par introduction dans la ligne d'échappement de catalyseurs spécifiques, comme par exemple le catalyseur trois-voies pour les moteurs essence fonctionnant à la stoechiométrie ou le piège à oxydes d'azote pour les moteurs Injection Directe Essence ou diesel fonctionnant en mélange pauvre (teneur en oxygène élevée). Dans le cas du piège à oxydes d'azote, les agents réducteurs sont les hydrocarbures imbrûlés accessibles dans les gaz d'échappement, contrairement à la catalyse SCR utilisant quant à elle un agent réducteur extérieur, comme par exemple l'urée.Control of gaseous pollutant emissions can be obtained by introducing specific catalysts into the exhaust line, such as, for example, the three-way catalyst for stoichiometric gasoline engines or the nitrogen oxide trap for Direct Injection engines. Gasoline or diesel operating in lean mixture (high oxygen content). In the case of the nitrogen oxide trap, the reducing agents are unburned hydrocarbons accessible in the exhaust gas, unlike SCR catalysis using an external reducing agent, for example urea.

Le traitement des particules sur moteurs diesel actuels est possible grâce à l'introduction dans la ligne d'échappement de ces moteurs d'un filtre à particules comme proposé déjà dans l'état de la technique. Ceux-ci sont souvent adaptés pour piéger les particules ou "suies" contenus dans les gaz d'échappement de ces moteurs et les brûler lors d'une phase de régénération du filtre. Différentes stratégies de régénération sont disponibles dans la littérature, faisant référence par exemple à la post injection de carburant pour atteindre la température de combustion des suies (600°C au minimum) ou par exemple à des moyens additionnels de chauffage placés en amont du filtre à particules.The treatment of particles on current diesel engines is possible thanks to the introduction into the exhaust line of these engines of a particle filter as already proposed in the state of the art. These are often adapted to trap the particles or "soot" contained in the exhaust gases of these engines and burn them during a regeneration phase of the filter. Various regeneration strategies are available in the literature, for example referring to the post-injection of fuel to reach the soot combustion temperature (at least 600 ° C) or for example to additional heating means placed upstream of the filter. particles.

La présente invention propose l'utilisation de la technologie des plasma non thermiques dans un matériau catalytique et/ou filtrant afin d'aider le traitement des polluants gazeux contenus dans un échappement moteur essence ou diesel, entre autre la catalyse de réduction des oxydes d'azote, et/ou afin d'induire la combustion des suies piégées dans un filtre placé dans une ligne d'échappement moteur essence ou diesel.The present invention proposes the use of non-thermal plasma technology in a catalytic and / or filtering material in order to assist the treatment of gaseous pollutants contained in a gasoline or diesel engine exhaust, among other things the reduction catalysis of oxides. nitrogen, and / or to induce the combustion of soot trapped in a filter placed in a gasoline or diesel engine exhaust line.

Cette technologie consiste à former des espèces métastables, des radicaux et des ions très réactifs par collision entre les molécules de gaz et les électrons énergétiques produits par les décharges électriques, et ce sans élévation de la température du milieu réactionnel.This technology consists of forming metastable species, radicals and very reactive ions by collision between the gas molecules and the energetic electrons produced by the electric discharges, and without raising the temperature of the reaction medium.

Les caractéristiques physiques des décharges électriques varient selon l'application visée, les consommations et niveaux de conversions requis pour les applications moteur notamment de véhicule automobile (fréquence, tension, intensité variables).The physical characteristics of electric shocks vary according to the intended application, the consumptions and conversion levels required for motor vehicle applications including motor vehicle (frequency, voltage, variable intensity).

Les espèces métastables, radicaux et électrons fortement énergétiques produits sont des agents promoteurs de la réduction chimique, par exemple des oxydes d'azote et des particules de suies, par interactions directe de ces espèces à durée de vie très courte avec les polluants.The highly energetic metastable species, radicals and electrons produced are promoters of chemical reduction, for example nitrogen oxides and soot particles, by direct interactions of these very short-lived species with pollutants.

Le document WO-A-0.134.281, qui est considéré comme l'état de la technique le plus proche, décrit et représente (page 8, alinéa 4, figures 5-7) un système de traitement des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion, du type qui comporte un élément de traitement (11,12) de forme parallélépipédique disposé dans une ligne d'échappement et un système de production de décharges électriques de forte tension et de faible intensité, entre au moins une cathode (4) et une anode (3) agencées dans la ligne d'échappement pour former des espèces chimiques favorables à la régénération de l'élément de traitement (11,12), du type dans lequel l'anode (3) s'étend dans l'élément de traitement (11, 12) de façon parallèle à deux parois opposées de l'élément de traitement (11, 12) et selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement dans la ligne d'échappement, et dans lequel deux cathodes (4) sont agencées sur lesdites parois opposées selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à celle de l'anode (3), de façon que les décharges électriques se produisent simultanément entre l'anode (3) et les deux cathodes (4)..L'objet de la revendication diffère de celui de D1 en ce que l'anode est un réseau de fils conducteurs qui s'étend dans un plan parallèle à la direction d'écoulement des gaz dans la ligne d'échappement. Le document D1 ne divulgue pas la structure de l'anode (3), et la figure 5 représente une anode (3) en forme de plaque qui s'étend dans un plan parallèle à l'écoulement des gaz d'échappement. Cependant, une telle anode (3) ne permet pas d'obtenir une répartition homogène des décharges électriques émises sur toute la longueur du filtre lors de chaque impulsion électrique.Document WO-A-0.134.281, which is considered to be the closest state of the art, describes and represents (page 8, paragraph 4, figures 5-7) an exhaust gas treatment system. a combustion engine of the type comprising a parallelepiped-shaped treatment element (11, 12) disposed in an exhaust line and a system for producing high voltage and low voltage electric discharges; intensity, between at least one cathode (4) and an anode (3) arranged in the exhaust line to form favorable chemical species for the regeneration of the treatment element (11, 12), of the type in which the anode (3) extends in the treatment element (11, 12) parallel to two opposite walls of the treatment element (11, 12) and in a direction substantially parallel to the flow direction of the gases exhaust system in the exhaust line, and in which two cathodes (4) are arranged on said opposite walls in a direction substantially parallel to that of the anode (3), so that the electric discharges occur simultaneously between the anode (3) and the two cathodes (4). The object of the claim differs from that of D1 in that the anode is a network of conducting wires which extends in a plane parallel to the direction of flow of gases in the exhaust line. Document D1 does not disclose the structure of the anode (3), and Figure 5 shows a plate-shaped anode (3) which extends in a plane parallel to the flow of the exhaust gas. However, such anode (3) does not allow to obtain a homogeneous distribution of electric discharges transmitted over the entire length of the filter during each electrical pulse.

L'invention propose donc un système de traitement des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion, du type qui comporte un élément de traitement disposé dans une ligne d'échappement et un système de production de décharges électriques de forte tension et de faible intensité, entre au moins une cathode et une anode agencées dans la ligne d'échappement, pour former des espèces chimiques favorables à la régénération de l'élément de traitement, caractérisé en ce que l'anode s'étend dans l'élément de traitement selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement dans la ligne d'échappement, et en ce qu'au moins une cathode est agencée au moins partiellement à la périphérie de l'élément de traitement selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à celle de l'anode.The invention therefore proposes a system for treating the exhaust gases of a combustion engine, of the type that comprises a treatment element disposed in an exhaust line and a system for producing high voltage and low voltage electric discharges. intensity, between at least one cathode and an anode arranged in the exhaust line, to form chemical species favorable to the regeneration of the element of treatment, characterized in that the anode extends in the treatment element in a direction substantially parallel to the flow direction of the exhaust gas in the exhaust line, and in that at least one cathode is arranged at least partially at the periphery of the treatment element in a direction substantially parallel to that of the anode.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention :

  • les fils conducteurs sont parallèles à la direction d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement ;
  • les fils conducteurs sont perpendiculaires à la direction d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement ;
  • l'élément de traitement est constitué de deux blocs qui sont agencés de part et d'autre de l'anode de façon qu'un bloc soit interposé entre l'anode et chaque cathode ;
  • le système est constitué d'un empilement d'éléments de traitement, et deux éléments de traitement adjacents comportent une cathode commune ;
  • l'élément de traitement comporte un filtre à particules ;
  • le système comporte un catalyseur, notamment un catalyseur de réduction des oxydes d'azote.
According to other features of the invention:
  • the conducting wires are parallel to the direction of flow of the exhaust gases;
  • the conducting wires are perpendicular to the direction of flow of the exhaust gases;
  • the treatment element consists of two blocks which are arranged on either side of the anode so that a block is interposed between the anode and each cathode;
  • the system consists of a stack of processing elements, and two adjacent processing elements comprise a common cathode;
  • the treatment element comprises a particulate filter;
  • the system comprises a catalyst, in particular a catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit pour la compréhension de laquelle on se reportera aux dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente schématiquement une ligne d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion équipée d'un système de traitement des gaz d'échappement ;
  • la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe selon la ligne 2-2 de la figure 1 du système de traitement des gaz d'échappement selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 représente de façon schématique en perspective un système de traitement des gaz d'échappement selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ; et
  • la figure 4 représente de façon schématique en coupe transversale le système de traitement des gaz d'échappement selon une variante du deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows for the understanding of which reference will be made to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows schematically an exhaust line of a combustion engine equipped with an exhaust gas treatment system;
  • 2 shows a sectional view along the line 2-2 of Figure 1 of the exhaust gas treatment system according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 3 schematically shows in perspective an exhaust gas treatment system according to a second embodiment of the invention; and
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents in cross section the exhaust gas treatment system according to a variant of the second embodiment of the invention.

La description qui suit est faite, à titre non limitatif, en référence à un système de traitement 10 qui comporte un filtre à particules. Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, le filtre à particules peut être remplacé par un catalyseur tel qu'un catalyseur de réduction des oxydes d'azote.The following description is made, without limitation, with reference to a processing system 10 which comprises a particle filter. Without departing from the scope of the invention, the particulate filter may be replaced by a catalyst such as a catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides.

On a représenté sur la figure 1 un système de traitement 10 des gaz d'échappement G d'un moteur à combustion 12. Le moteur 12 peut notamment être un moteur diesel ou un moteur à essence fonctionnant en mélange pauvre tel qu'un moteur à essence à injection directe.FIG. 1 shows a system 10 for treating the exhaust gases G of a combustion engine 12. The engine 12 may in particular be a diesel engine or a gasoline engine operating in a lean mixture such as a combustion engine. gasoline direct injection.

Une ligne 14 d'échappement permet l'évacuation des gaz G du moteur vers l'atmosphère. Le système de traitement 10 destiné à purifier les gaz d'échappement G est interposé dans la ligne 14. Il se compose principalement d'un élément de traitement 16 agencé dans une chambre 18.An exhaust line 14 allows the evacuation of gases G from the engine to the atmosphere. The treatment system 10 for purifying the exhaust gas G is interposed in the line 14. It consists mainly of a treatment element 16 arranged in a chamber 18.

Le système de traitement 10 comporte aussi un système 20 de production de décharges électriques.The processing system 10 also includes a system 20 for producing electric discharges.

Les décharges électriques sont produites par un générateur d'impulsions 26 entre une anode 22 et une cathode 24 agencées dans la ligne d'échappement 14.The electric discharges are produced by a pulse generator 26 between an anode 22 and a cathode 24 arranged in the exhaust line 14.

La technologie utilisée est celle des plasmas non thermiques.The technology used is that of non-thermal plasmas.

Par conséquent, les décharges électriques sont produites à une fréquence pouvant aller du monocoup à plusieurs dizaine de kHz pour une forte tension appliquée (jusqu'à plusieurs dizaines de kV) entre la ou les anodes et la ou les cathodes et consistent en des impulsions de courant de forte intensité (jusqu'à plusieurs kA) et faible durée de vie.Therefore, the electric discharges are produced at a frequency ranging from one to several kHz for a high applied voltage (up to several tens of kV) between the anode (s) and the cathode (s) and consist of pulses of high current (up to several kA) and low life.

Les décharges électriques sont produites de façon qu'elles se propagent dans les gaz d'échappement G pour traiter les oxydes d'azote et produire des espèces activées oxydantes favorisant la combustion des particulesElectric shocks are produced in such a way that they propagate in the exhaust gases G to treat the oxides of nitrogen and produce oxidative activated species that promote particle combustion

Conformément à l'invention, l'anode 22 s'étend dans l'élément de traitement 16 selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement G dans la ligne d'échappement 14. De plus, au moins une cathode 24 est agencée à la périphérie de l'élément de traitement 16 selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à celle de l'anode.According to the invention, the anode 22 extends in the treatment element 16 in a direction substantially parallel to the flow direction of the exhaust gases G in the exhaust line 14. In addition, at least a cathode 24 is arranged at the periphery of the treatment element 16 in a direction substantially parallel to that of the anode.

Pour des raisons de sécurité, notamment pour limiter le risque de court-circuits, le générateur d'impulsions 26 alimente l'anode 22, située à l'intérieur de l'élément de traitement 16, sous la tension élevée, et la cathode 24, agencée à la périphérie de l'élément de traitement 16, étant reliée à la masse électrique du système.For safety reasons, in particular to limit the risk of short circuits, the pulse generator 26 supplies the anode 22, located inside the treatment element 16, under the high voltage, and the cathode 24 , arranged at the periphery of the treatment element 16, being connected to the electrical ground of the system.

La figure 2 représente en coupe un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention.Figure 2 shows in section a first embodiment of the invention.

La chambre 18 est ici sensiblement cylindrique dont l'axe longitudinal correspond à la direction générale de l'écoulement des gaz d'échappement G dans la ligne 14.The chamber 18 is here substantially cylindrical whose longitudinal axis corresponds to the general direction of the flow of the exhaust gas G in the line 14.

L'élément de traitement 16, qui est ici un élément filtrant aussi appelé piège à particules, est constitué de canaux d'entrée 170 et de sortie 17B longitudinaux qui sont alternativement bouchés et ouverts en entrée et qui sont inversement ouverts et bouchés en sortie respectivement. Les parois des canaux sont poreuses.The processing element 16, which is here a filter element also called particle trap, consists of longitudinal input and output channels 17B 17B which are alternately plugged and open at the input and which are inversely open and plugged respectively at the output . The walls of the channels are porous.

Ainsi, les gaz d'échappement G rentrent dans les canaux 170 qui sont ouverts en entrée et traversent les parois poreuses de façon à ressortir par les canaux 17B qui sont ouverts en sortie. Lorsqu'ils traversent les parois, les particules sont retenues de façon que les gaz d'échappement qui sortent de l'élément de traitement 16 sont dépourvus de particules.Thus, the exhaust gas G enters the channels 170 which are open at the entrance and pass through the porous walls so as to emerge through the channels 17B which are open at the outlet. As they pass through the walls, the particles are retained so that the exhaust gases exiting the treatment element 16 are free of particles.

L'anode 22 s'étend dans l'élément de traitement 16 selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction écoulement des gaz d'échappement G.The anode 22 extends in the treatment element 16 in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of the flow of the exhaust gases G.

L'anode 22 consiste ici en un fil conducteur qui s'étend longitudinalement à l'élément de traitement 16.The anode 22 here consists of a conductive wire which extends longitudinally to the treatment element 16.

La cathode 24 qui est de forme tubulaire enveloppe l'élément de traitement 16.The cathode 24 which is of tubular shape envelops the treatment element 16.

Ainsi, le système formé par l'élément de traitement 16, l'anode 22 et la cathode 24 est symétrique.Thus, the system formed by the treatment element 16, the anode 22 and the cathode 24 is symmetrical.

Lorsque l'élément de traitement 16 est saturé, c'est-à-dire que la quantité de particules stockée est supérieure à un seuil prédéterminé, sa régénération est initiée.When the processing element 16 is saturated, that is to say that the quantity of particles stored is greater than a predetermined threshold, its regeneration is initiated.

Le chargement du filtre à particules 16 peut être déterminé par un capteur de mesure de pression différentielle, non représenté, qui fournit la valeur de la perte de charge produite par le filtre à particules 16 entre l'entrée et la sortie de la chambre 18. Lorsque la valeur de la perte de charge est supérieure à une valeur prédéterminée, cela signifie que le filtre 16 est saturé, sa régénération est alors initiée.The loading of the particulate filter 16 can be determined by a differential pressure measuring sensor, not shown, which provides the value of the pressure drop produced by the particulate filter 16 between the inlet and the outlet of the chamber 18. When the value of the pressure drop is greater than a predetermined value, this means that the filter 16 is saturated, its regeneration is then initiated.

Lors de la phase de régénération, le générateur d'impulsions 26 produit des décharges électriques qui sont réparties de façon homogène dans l'élément de traitement 16. La répartition homogène des décharges dans l'élément de traitement 16 est principalement due à la symétrie du système formé par l'élément de traitement 16, l'anode 22 et la cathode 24During the regeneration phase, the pulse generator 26 produces electric discharges which are homogeneously distributed in the treatment element 16. The homogeneous distribution of the discharges in the treatment element 16 is mainly due to the symmetry of the system formed by the treatment element 16, the anode 22 and the cathode 24

Cela permet de provoquer la formation d'espèces activées oxydantes à proximité immédiate des parois des canaux de l'élément de traitement 16 qui sont chargées de particules. Cette proximité ainsi que la répartition homogène des espèces oxydées permettent de favoriser la combustion des particules stockées dans l'élément de traitement.This makes it possible to cause the formation of oxidizing activated species in the immediate vicinity of the walls of the channels of the treatment element 16 which are charged with particles. This proximity as well as the homogeneous distribution of the oxidized species make it possible to promote the combustion of the particles stored in the treatment element.

Ainsi, la régénération du système de traitement 10 est optimisée.Thus, the regeneration of the treatment system 10 is optimized.

Afin de s'affranchir des contraintes mécaniques pouvant être liées à des vibrations ou à la dilatation des matériaux constituant le système de traitement 10, une bande de laine thermique 25 peut être disposée entre la paroi intérieure de la chambre 18 et la cathode 24.In order to overcome the mechanical stresses that may be related to vibrations or to the expansion of the materials constituting the treatment system 10, a woolen strip The thermal device 25 may be disposed between the inner wall of the chamber 18 and the cathode 24.

La bande de laine thermique 25 permet de réaliser un découplage mécanique entre la paroi de la chambre 18 et l'élément de traitement 16. De plus, elle assure l'isolation thermique de l'élément de traitement 16 de façon à limiter la température de la face externe de la paroi de la chambre 18, et à favoriser l'élévation de température à l'intérieur de l'élément de traitement, ce qui facilite encore la régénération du système de traitement.The thermal wool strip 25 makes it possible to mechanically decouple between the wall of the chamber 18 and the treatment element 16. In addition, it ensures the thermal insulation of the treatment element 16 so as to limit the temperature of the the outer face of the wall of the chamber 18, and to promote the temperature rise inside the treatment element, which further facilitates the regeneration of the treatment system.

Les figures 3 et 4 représentent un deuxième mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention.Figures 3 and 4 show a second preferred embodiment of the invention.

Dans la suite de la description on utilisera, à titre non limitatif, une orientation supérieure, inférieure conformément à l'orientation de haut en bas des figures.In the following description will be used, without limitation, an upper orientation, lower in accordance with the top-down orientation of the figures.

Conformément à la figure 3, la chambre 18 du système de traitement reçoit un réacteur 30 constitué de deux coques supérieure et inférieure 32, 34 dans lesquelles est agencé l'élément de traitement 16 de forme globalement parallélépipédique.According to Figure 3, the chamber 18 of the treatment system receives a reactor 30 consisting of two upper and lower shells 32, 34 in which is arranged the processing element 16 of generally parallelepiped shape.

L'enveloppe 18 permet de connecter de façon étanche le réacteur 30 à la ligne d'échappement 14.The casing 18 makes it possible to seal the reactor 30 to the exhaust line 14.

L'élément de traitement 16 est constitué de deux blocs supérieur et inférieur 36, 38 qui sont symétriques par rapport à un plan P horizontal médian du réacteur 30.The treatment element 16 consists of two upper and lower blocks 36, 38 which are symmetrical with respect to a median horizontal plane P of the reactor 30.

L'anode 22 est ici constituée par un réseau de fils conducteurs 40 parallèles entre eux qui peuvent être en acier inoxydable.The anode 22 is constituted by a network of parallel conductor wires 40 that can be made of stainless steel.

Le réseau de fils conducteurs 40 s'étend entre les deux blocs 36 et 38 dans le plan P horizontal médian qui est parallèle à la direction de l'écoulement des gaz d'échappement G dans la ligne 14.The network of conducting wires 40 extends between the two blocks 36 and 38 in the median horizontal plane P which is parallel to the direction of the flow of the exhaust gas G in the line 14.

Les fils conducteurs sont reliés entre eux par deux barrettes 41 en matériau conducteur qui s'étendent longitudinalement de part et d'autre sur des faces latérales de l'élément de traitement 16. Les barrettes 41 permettent d'une part de tendre les fils 40 entre les blocs supérieur et inférieur 36, 38 et d'autre part de former deux éléments d'alimentation communs à tous les fils 40.The conductive wires are interconnected by two strips 41 of conductive material which extend longitudinally on both sides of the side of the treatment element 16. The bars 41 allow on the one hand to stretch the son 40 between the upper and lower blocks 36, 38 and on the other hand to form two elements d feeding common to all threads 40.

Les fils conducteurs 40 peuvent être perpendiculaires à la direction de l'écoulement des gaz d'échappement G, conformément à la figure 3.The conductive wires 40 may be perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the exhaust gases G, according to FIG.

Selon une variante, ils peuvent aussi être orientés différemment, notamment selon une direction parallèle à la direction de l'écoulement des gaz d'échappement G.According to a variant, they can also be oriented differently, in particular in a direction parallel to the direction of the flow of the exhaust gas G.

Selon une autre variante, l'anode 22 peut être constituée par une plaque en matériau conducteur.According to another variant, the anode 22 may be constituted by a plate of conductive material.

Conformément à l'invention, une première cathode 24 est interposée entre la paroi supérieure 42 du bloc supérieur 36 et la paroi intérieure de la coque supérieure 32.According to the invention, a first cathode 24 is interposed between the upper wall 42 of the upper block 36 and the inner wall of the upper shell 32.

De façon similaire, une seconde cathode 24 est interposée entre la paroi inférieure 44 du bloc inférieur 38 et la paroi intérieure de la coque inférieure 34.Similarly, a second cathode 24 is interposed between the lower wall 44 of the lower block 38 and the inner wall of the lower shell 34.

Les cathodes 24 sont constituées d'une plaque en matériau conducteur qui peut être en acier inox.The cathodes 24 consist of a plate of conductive material which may be stainless steel.

Ainsi, la première et la seconde cathodes 24 s'étendent chacune dans un plan parallèle à celui du plan des fils conducteurs 40 formant l'anode 22.Thus, the first and second cathodes 24 each extend in a plane parallel to that of the plane of the conductive wires 40 forming the anode 22.

Chaque bloc supérieur 36 et inférieur 38 est interposé entre l'anode 22 et la première et la seconde cathode 24.Each upper block 36 and lower 38 is interposed between the anode 22 and the first and the second cathode 24.

Le système formé par les cathodes 24 et les blocs 36, 38 de l'élément de traitement 16 sont symétriques par rapport au plan horizontal médian P contenant l'anode 22.The system formed by the cathodes 24 and the blocks 36, 38 of the processing element 16 are symmetrical with respect to the median horizontal plane P containing the anode 22.

Ainsi, les décharges électriques provoquées par le générateur d'impulsions 26 se produisent simultanément entre l'anode 22 et chacune des première et seconde cathodes 24.Thus, the electric discharges caused by the pulse generator 26 occur simultaneously between the anode 22 and each of the first and second cathodes 24.

Par conséquent, les décharges électriques sont réparties de façon homogène dans l'élément de traitement 16, ce qui favorise la combustion des particules stockées.Therefore, the electric discharges are homogeneously distributed in the treatment element 16, which promotes the combustion of the stored particles.

L'enveloppe 18, qui permet de connecter de façon étanche le réacteur 30 à la ligne d'échappement 14, permet aussi de maintenir les deux blocs supérieur 36 et inférieur 38 du réacteur 30.The envelope 18, which makes it possible to connect the reactor 30 in a sealed manner to the exhaust line 14, also makes it possible to maintain the two upper 36 and lower 38 blocks of the reactor 30.

L'enveloppe 18 doit permettre le passage des conducteurs électriques permettant de relier l'anode 22 et les cathodes 24 au générateur d'impulsions 26.The envelope 18 must allow the passage of the electrical conductors for connecting the anode 22 and the cathodes 24 to the pulse generator 26.

Pour ce faire, des orifices (non représentés) isolés électriquement sont réalisés dans sa paroi de façon que des éléments conducteurs relient l'anode 22 et les cathodes 24 au générateur d'impulsions 26 respectivement.To do this, electrically insulated (not shown) orifices are made in its wall so that conductive elements connect the anode 22 and the cathodes 24 to the pulse generator 26 respectively.

Les éléments conducteurs peuvent être des feuillards en cuivre 50 et 52, conformément à la figure 3.The conductive elements may be copper strips 50 and 52, in accordance with FIG.

L'enveloppe 18 permet de former une cage de Faraday de façon à limiter les perturbations électromagnétiques produites par le système de traitement 10.The envelope 18 makes it possible to form a Faraday cage so as to limit the electromagnetic disturbances produced by the processing system 10.

De façon similaire au premier mode de réalisation, pour s'affranchir des contraintes mécaniques pouvant être liées à des vibrations ou à la dilatation des matériaux constituant le système de traitement 10, des bandes de laine thermique 25 peuvent être disposées entre les cathodes 24 et les blocs supérieur 36 et inférieur 38 de l'élément de traitement 16.Similarly to the first embodiment, in order to overcome the mechanical stresses that may be related to vibrations or to the expansion of the materials constituting the treatment system 10, thermal wool strips 25 may be arranged between the cathodes 24 and the upper blocks 36 and lower 38 of the treatment element 16.

Le matériau constituant les coques supérieure 32 et inférieure 34 doit présenter une très faible conductivité électrique du fait de la présence des électrodes 22, 24 de façon à réduire au maximum le risque de court-circuits. De plus, ce matériau doit pouvoir résister à des températures élevées. Par conséquent, les coques supérieure 32 et inférieure 34 peuvent être réalisées en céramique ou avec un revêtement céramique.The material constituting the upper 32 and lower 34 shells must have a very low electrical conductivity due to the presence of the electrodes 22, 24 so as to minimize the risk of short circuits. In addition, this material must be able to withstand high temperatures. Therefore, the upper 32 and lower 34 shells can be made of ceramic or with a ceramic coating.

Selon une variante du deuxième mode de réalisation, l'invention propose conformément à la figure 4 que le système de traitement 10 soit constitué d'un empilement d'éléments de traitement 16. Ici, deux éléments de traitement 16 sont empilés.According to a variant of the second embodiment, the invention proposes according to FIG. processing 10 consists of a stack of processing elements 16. Here, two processing elements 16 are stacked.

De façon à minimiser l'encombrement du système 10, les deux éléments comportent une cathode commune 54.In order to minimize the bulk of the system 10, the two elements comprise a common cathode 54.

Une telle réalisation permet d'adapter la capacité de traitement du système 10 en fonction du véhicule sur lequel il est monté et de la quantité de substances polluantes à traiter, à partir d'un modèle unique d'élément de traitement 16.Such an embodiment makes it possible to adapt the processing capacity of the system 10 according to the vehicle on which it is mounted and the quantity of polluting substances to be treated, from a single model of treatment element 16.

Cela permet d'optimiser les coûts de production des systèmes de traitement 10.This optimizes the production costs of the processing systems 10.

Claims (7)

  1. System (10) for the treatment of exhaust gases (G) from a combustion engine (12), of the type using non-thermal plasmas in a catalytic and/or filtering material, which comprises a parallelepiped treatment element (16) arranged in an exhaust line (14) and a system (20) for producing high-voltage, low-strength electrical discharges, between at least one cathode (24) and an anode (22) arranged in the exhaust line (14), for forming chemical entities that promote the regeneration of the treatment element (16), of the type in which the anode (22) extends into the treatment element (16) parallel to two opposing walls (42, 44) of the treatment element (16) and in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of flow of the exhaust gases (G) in the exhaust line (14), and in which two cathodes (24) are arranged on said opposing walls (42, 44) in a direction substantially parallel to that of the anode (22), in such a way that the electrical discharges are produced simultaneously between the anode (22) and the two cathodes (24), characterised in that the anode (22) and/or at least one cathode (24) is a network of conductor wires (40), which extends in a plane parallel to the direction of flow of the gases in the exhaust line (14).
  2. Treatment system (10) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the conductor wires (40) are parallel to the direction of flow of the exhaust gases (G).
  3. Treatment system (10) according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the conductor wires (40) are perpendicular to the direction of flow of the exhaust gases (G).
  4. Treatment system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the treatment element (16) consists of two blocks (36, 38) which are arranged either side of the anode (22) in such a way that one block (36, 38) is interposed between the anode (22) and each cathode (24).
  5. Treatment system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it consists of a stack of treatment elements (16), and in that two adjacent treatment elements (16) comprise a common cathode (54).
  6. Treatment system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the treatment element (16) comprises a particle filter.
  7. Treatment system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises a catalyst, in particular a catalyst for the reduction of nitrogen oxides.
EP02292327A 2001-10-01 2002-09-23 Exhaust gas treatment system of an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP1298290B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0112580 2001-10-01
FR0112580A FR2830275B1 (en) 2001-10-01 2001-10-01 EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE

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EP1298290B1 true EP1298290B1 (en) 2006-04-12

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AT (1) ATE323220T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60210557T2 (en)
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JP2005061246A (en) * 2003-08-19 2005-03-10 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust emission control device
FR2862084B1 (en) 2003-11-10 2007-06-01 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF A MOTOR VEHICLE HEAT ENGINE AND EXHAUST LINE HAVING SUCH A SYSTEM.
FR2867510B1 (en) 2004-03-11 2006-10-20 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING SYSTEM OF A MOTOR VEHICLE THERMAL MOTOR AND EXHAUST LINE HAVING SUCH A SYSTEM
JP4525748B2 (en) * 2007-12-20 2010-08-18 株式会社豊田自動織機 Exhaust gas treatment equipment
CN110671171A (en) * 2019-10-31 2020-01-10 中船动力研究院有限公司 Tail gas particulate matter trapping device, engine and method

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AU6181496A (en) * 1995-07-06 1997-02-05 Carl Maria Fleck Soot filter, in particular for diesel engine exhaust gases
US5914015A (en) * 1996-07-15 1999-06-22 Battelle Memorial Institute Method and apparatus for processing exhaust gas with corona discharge
GB9803817D0 (en) * 1998-02-25 1998-04-22 Aea Technology Plc A component for gas treatment
GB2351923A (en) * 1999-07-12 2001-01-17 Perkins Engines Co Ltd Self-cleaning particulate filter utilizing electric discharge currents
JP2001087620A (en) * 1999-09-27 2001-04-03 Ngk Insulators Ltd Method and apparatus for treating substance
AT409653B (en) * 1999-11-10 2002-10-25 Fleck Carl M Dr METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SEPARATING SOOT PARTICLES FROM AN EXHAUST GAS FLOW, IN PARTICULAR A DIESEL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

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US4695358A (en) * 1985-11-08 1987-09-22 Florida State University Method of removing SO2, NOX and particles from gas mixtures using streamer corona

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FR2830275A1 (en) 2003-04-04
EP1298290A1 (en) 2003-04-02
DE60210557T2 (en) 2007-04-05
DE60210557D1 (en) 2006-05-24
ES2262768T3 (en) 2006-12-01
ATE323220T1 (en) 2006-04-15

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