EP1296102A2 - Method for operating an electric multistage heating having several heating elements - Google Patents

Method for operating an electric multistage heating having several heating elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1296102A2
EP1296102A2 EP02019196A EP02019196A EP1296102A2 EP 1296102 A2 EP1296102 A2 EP 1296102A2 EP 02019196 A EP02019196 A EP 02019196A EP 02019196 A EP02019196 A EP 02019196A EP 1296102 A2 EP1296102 A2 EP 1296102A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating elements
heating
operating
elements
individual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02019196A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1296102A3 (en
EP1296102B1 (en
Inventor
Günther Uhl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BorgWarner Ludwigsburg GmbH
Original Assignee
Beru AG
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Publication of EP1296102A2 publication Critical patent/EP1296102A2/en
Publication of EP1296102A3 publication Critical patent/EP1296102A3/en
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Publication of EP1296102B1 publication Critical patent/EP1296102B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2064—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters
    • F24H9/2071—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters using electrical energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/144—Measuring or calculating energy consumption
    • F24H15/148—Assessing the current energy consumption

Abstract

The PTC elements are electrically switched when the resistance of each reaches a predetermined maximum value. The spread of ohmic resistance of the elements and the required heat level are monitored and additional PTCs are switched in the circuit to suit.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer aus mehreren Heizelementen bestehenden mehrstufigen elektrischen Heizung.The invention relates to a method for operating a multi-stage electrical consisting of several heating elements Heater.

Eine mehrstufige elektrische Heizung, beispielsweise eine Zuheizung mit positivem Widerstandstemperaturkoeffizienten PTC, besteht aus mehreren Einzelelementen, die oft auch als Heizstäbe bezeichnet werden und elektrisch parallel geschaltet sind. Jedes Heizelement kann seinerseits aus mehreren Unterelementen, das heißt einzelnen PCT-Steinen bestehen. A multi-stage electric heater, for example one Heating with positive resistance temperature coefficient PTC consists of several individual elements, often also called Heating rods are referred to and electrically connected in parallel are. Each heating element can in turn consist of several sub-elements, that is, consist of individual PCT stones.

Jedes einzelne Heizelement kann über einen beispielsweise elektronisch ausgebildeten Schalter ein- oder ausgeschaltet werden. Die in einem Heizelement umgesetzte Leistung PH, das heißt die zugeführte elektrische Leistung, die gleich der abgegebenen thermischen Leistung ist, ist bei vorgegebener Betriebsspannung UB vom elektrischen Widerstand RH des Heizelementes am Betriebspunkt abhängig: PH = (UB)2 / RH Each individual heating element can be switched on or off via an electronically designed switch, for example. The power P H converted in a heating element, i.e. the electrical power supplied, which is equal to the thermal power output, is dependent on the electrical resistance R H of the heating element at the operating point for a given operating voltage U B : PH = (U B ) 2 / R H

Der elektrische Widerstand RH der Heizelemente ist fertigungsbedingt jedoch großen Streuungen unterworfen. Damit streut in gleichem Maße auch die von den Heizelementen jeweils abgegebene Leistung. Um der Forderung beispielsweise der Klimaanlage-Hersteller nach einer definierten Leistung zu einem gegebenen Betriebspunkt zu genügen, sind daher aufwendige Maßnahmen, zum Beispiel Abgleichen oder Sortieren, erforderlich, um den für den Betriebspunkt erforderlichen elektrischen Widerstand RH der einzelnen Heizelemente einzuhalten.The electrical resistance R H of the heating elements is, however, subject to large variations due to production. This means that the power emitted by the heating elements is also scattered to the same extent. In order to meet the demand, for example, of the air conditioning system manufacturer for a defined output at a given operating point, complex measures, for example matching or sorting, are therefore necessary in order to maintain the electrical resistance R H of the individual heating elements required for the operating point.

Eine aus mehreren Heizelementen zusammengesetzte Heizung kann zwar der Forderung nach einer definierten Gesamtleistung genügen, die Heizleistung der einzelnen Heizelemente kann dabei jedoch verschieden sein. Das führt aufgrund der in der Regel über eine größere Fläche abgegebenen Wärmeleistung zu einer Temperaturschichtung des aus der Heizung austretenden Luftstromes. Die erwärmte Luft weist über die Austrittsfläche merkliche Temperaturunterschiede auf. Das ist beispielsweise bei Heiz- beziehungsweise Klimaanlagen unerwünscht, da es zu Unregelmäßigkeiten in der Temperierung des beheizten Raumes beispielsweise eines Fahrzeuginnenraumes führt. Daraus ergibt sich, dass alle einzelnen Heizelemente einer Heizung die gleiche Leistung umsetzen, beziehungsweise abgeben sollten.A heater composed of several heating elements can meet the demand for a defined overall performance sufficient, the heating power of the individual heating elements can however be different. That usually results from that over a larger area heat output to a Temperature stratification of the exiting from the heating Air flow. The heated air points over the outlet surface noticeable temperature differences. That is for example undesirable in heating or air conditioning systems because it is too Irregularities in the temperature control of the heated room leads for example of a vehicle interior. It follows that all individual heating elements of a heating system implement or deliver the same service.

Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe besteht darin, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, durch das gewährleistet ist, dass auch dann, wenn die einzelnen Heizelemente streuende Widerstandswerte haben, alle Heizelemente die gleiche Leistung umsetzen beziehungsweise abgeben.The object underlying the invention is to specify a procedure of the type mentioned at the outset by which It is guaranteed that even if the individual heating elements have scattering resistance values, all heating elements implement or deliver the same service.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass ausgehend von einem maximalen elektrischen Widerstand der einzelnen Heizelemente, bei dem die volle anliegende Betriebsspannung die für den Betrieb geforderte Nennleistung der einzelnen Heizelemente ergibt, die Spannung an den einzelnen Heizelementen separat auf die geforderte Nennleistung herunter geregelt wird.According to the invention, this object is achieved by that based on a maximum electrical resistance of the individual heating elements, at which the full applied operating voltage the nominal output of the individual required for operation Heating elements gives the tension to the individual Heating elements separately to the required nominal power is regulated.

Im Folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren im einzelnen anhand eines besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben.The method according to the invention is described in detail below based on a particularly preferred embodiment described.

Die in einer elektrischen mehrstufigen Heizung und damit in jedem Heizelement umgesetzte Leistung wird durch Regeln der elektrischen Leistungsaufnahme auf einem Vorgabewert PHsoll gehalten. Bei einer n-stufigen Heizung wird somit jedes Heizelement auf einem vorgebenen Wert PHsoll/n gehalten. Dieser Vorgabewert kann veränderlich sein, so dass die Leistungsabgabe der Heizung einstellbar ist.The power converted in an electrical multi-stage heating and thus in each heating element is kept at a preset value P Hsoll by regulating the electrical power consumption. In the case of an n-stage heating, each heating element is thus kept at a predetermined value P Hsoll / n. This default value can be changed so that the output of the heater can be set.

Jedes einzelne Heizelement wird individuell geregelt, so dass die Dimensionierung der einzelnen Heizelemente hierdurch wesentlich vereinfacht wird. Es muß nur noch gewährleistet werden, dass durch die Streuung des elektrischen Widerstandes RH der einzelnen Heizelemente ein Wert RHmax nicht überschritten wird. Bei diesem angenommenen Maximalwert des Widerstandes erreicht ein Heizelement gerade seine am Betriebspunkt geforderten Nennleistung, wenn die volle Betriebsspannung UB anliegt: PH = (UB)2 / RHmax Each individual heating element is regulated individually, so that the dimensioning of the individual heating elements is thereby considerably simplified. It only has to be ensured that a value R Hmax is not exceeded by the scatter of the electrical resistance R H of the individual heating elements. With this assumed maximum value of the resistance, a heating element just reaches its nominal power required at the operating point when the full operating voltage U B is present: P H = (U B ) 2 / R Hmax

Liegt der Widerstand RH eines einzelnen Heizelementes unter dem Wert RHmax, wird die Spannung am Heizelement beispielsweise durch Takten der Betriebsspannung, insbesondere durch Pulsweitenmodulation und dadurch die Leistungsaufnahme des Heizelementes auf den geforderten Wert PH reduziert. Die Leistungsaufnahme des Heizelementes wird durch Messen der anliegenden Spannung und des aufgenommenen Stromes ermittelt.If the resistance R H of an individual heating element is below the value R Hmax , the voltage on the heating element is reduced to the required value P H , for example by clocking the operating voltage, in particular by pulse width modulation and thereby the power consumption of the heating element. The power consumption of the heating element is determined by measuring the applied voltage and the current consumed.

Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser Regelung der einzelnen Heizelemente auf die geforderte Nennleistung besteht darin, dass nicht nur die Streuungen des Widerstandes RH der Heizelemente ausgeglichen werden können, sondern dass auch Schwankungen der Betriebsspannung UB ausgeregelt werden können, so lange diese Spannung UB nicht unter einen Minimalwert UBmin absinkt. Hierfür gilt: UBmin = (PH*RH)1/2. Another advantage of this regulation of the individual heating elements to the required nominal power is that not only the scatter of the resistance R H of the heating elements can be compensated, but also that fluctuations in the operating voltage U B can be corrected as long as this voltage U B is not below a minimum value U Bmin drops. The following applies: U Bmin = (P H * R H ) 1.2 ,

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat den Vorteil, dass trotz der Streuungen des Widerstandswertes der Heizelemente die am Betriebspunkt geforderte Nennleistung eingehalten werden kann, der austretende Luftstrom überall die gleiche Temperatur hat, das heißt keine Temperaturschichtungen auftreten, und der Sortieraufwand der Heizelemente hinsichtlich ihres elektrischen Widerstandes erheblich reduziert wird, was den Ausschuß stark vermindert oder sogar vermeidet. Je nach Streubereich kann das Sortieren sogar vollständig entfallen. Aussortierte einzelne Heizelemente können im übrigen in Heizungen mit anderen Nennleistungen verwendet werden.The method according to the invention has the advantage that despite the scatter of the resistance value of the heating elements on Operating point required nominal power can be met, the exiting air flow has the same temperature everywhere, that means no temperature stratifications occur, and the sorting effort of the heating elements with regard to their electrical Resistance is significantly reduced, making the committee strong diminishes or even avoids. Depending on the spreading range, this can Sorting is even completely eliminated. Individuals sorted out Heating elements can also be used in heaters with other ratings be used.

Claims (1)

Verfahren zum Betreiben einer aus mehreren Heizelementen bestehenden mehrstufigen elektrischen Heizung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ausgehend von einem maximalen elektrischen Widerstand der einzelnen Heizelemente, bei dem die volle anliegende Betriebsspannung die für den Betrieb geforderte Nennleistung der einzelnen Heizelemente ergibt, die Spannung an den einzelnen Heizelementen separat auf die geforderte Nennleistung herunter geregelt wird.Method for operating a multi-stage electrical heating system consisting of several heating elements, characterized in that, starting from a maximum electrical resistance of the individual heating elements, in which the full operating voltage results in the nominal power of the individual heating elements required for operation, the voltage on the individual heating elements is separate is regulated down to the required nominal power.
EP02019196A 2001-09-25 2002-09-02 Method for operating an electric multistage heating having several heating elements Expired - Lifetime EP1296102B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10147074 2001-09-25
DE10147074A DE10147074A1 (en) 2001-09-25 2001-09-25 Method for operating a multi-stage electric heater consisting of several heating elements

Publications (3)

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EP1296102A2 true EP1296102A2 (en) 2003-03-26
EP1296102A3 EP1296102A3 (en) 2004-01-02
EP1296102B1 EP1296102B1 (en) 2012-06-20

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EP02019196A Expired - Lifetime EP1296102B1 (en) 2001-09-25 2002-09-02 Method for operating an electric multistage heating having several heating elements

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US (1) US6872922B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1296102B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4181370B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100899611B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2403820C (en)
DE (1) DE10147074A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1296102A3 (en) 2004-01-02
US6872922B2 (en) 2005-03-29
CA2403820A1 (en) 2003-03-25
KR20030026883A (en) 2003-04-03
CA2403820C (en) 2010-06-22
KR100899611B1 (en) 2009-05-27
US20040056018A1 (en) 2004-03-25
EP1296102B1 (en) 2012-06-20
JP4181370B2 (en) 2008-11-12
JP2003157954A (en) 2003-05-30
DE10147074A1 (en) 2003-05-08

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