EP1295082A1 - Differential bending and/or subsidence detector and method for monitoring a structure - Google Patents

Differential bending and/or subsidence detector and method for monitoring a structure

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Publication number
EP1295082A1
EP1295082A1 EP01927975A EP01927975A EP1295082A1 EP 1295082 A1 EP1295082 A1 EP 1295082A1 EP 01927975 A EP01927975 A EP 01927975A EP 01927975 A EP01927975 A EP 01927975A EP 1295082 A1 EP1295082 A1 EP 1295082A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
succession
detector according
detector
fixing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01927975A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernard Hodac
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1295082A1 publication Critical patent/EP1295082A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0025—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a detector of bending and / or differential settlement (s).
  • the present invention also relates to a method for monitoring the bending and / or differential settlement (s) of a structure.
  • the invention is particularly interested in certain types of differential deformation encountered in geotechnics, and shape changes in tunnels, for monitoring the geometric stability of structures.
  • WO-A-97/42 463 discloses a method consisting in intimately associating with the structure a body - called "model" - elongated in which is incorporated at least one optical fiber.
  • model elongated in which is incorporated at least one optical fiber.
  • the deformation of the model is detected by a variation in the attenuation of the light transmitted by the optical fiber.
  • the bending and / or differential settlement detector (1) is characterized in that it comprises:
  • the detector according to the invention is particularly simple to install since it suffices to fix it on the surface of the structure to be monitored. In extreme cases, for example if simple clamps are used to install the detector by fixing, or even if the detector is simply placed on top of a surface, the installation can be assured in a few tens of seconds. This is important in certain applications, for example in environments likely to be radioactive.
  • the detector according to the invention delivers a signal corresponding to the angle formed between successive elements at each articulation.
  • the long base measurement is based on the observation that for civil engineering works, an integral (in the mathematical sense of the term) of the deformations is more representative of the risk incurred by the structure than this or that deformation measured locally.
  • the method for monitoring the bending and / or differential settlement (s) of a structure is characterized in that it is installed along at least part of a surface of the structure several successive elements linked together by means of articulation, and angular deviations between successive elements are detected.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of the bending and / or differential settlement detector (s) according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a rapid mounting mode of the detector under a beam belonging to the structure to be monitored
  • FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the detector fixed under the beam
  • - Figure 4 is a detail view of the embodiment of Figure 3, the beam being in the deformed state;
  • - Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 but with the detector mounted on top of the beam;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel equipped with detectors according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a view of a detector according to the invention placed on a ground whose geometry is to be monitored.
  • the bending and / or differential settlement detector (s) 10 according to the invention comprises a succession of elements 1 connected together by articulations 2.
  • Each element 1 comprises a sole 4 of generally planar shape.
  • the articulation axes 3 are substantially located in the plane of the soles 4 and allow the soles 4 to be mutually aligned.
  • the soles 4 can thus be pressed all together, by their lower bearing surface 6, against a flat surface of a structure capable of bending.
  • Each element 1 has the general shape of an angle iron of which one of the wings is constituted by the sole 4.
  • the other wing 7 of the angle iron rises from the sole 4 in the direction opposite to the bearing surface 6
  • the wings 7 are coplanar.
  • end edges 8 which are oblique with respect to in the plane of the respective sole 4 so as to form between the two edges 8 opposite two adjacent elements 1 a notch 9 in V shape when the soles 4 are coplanar. This allows the elements 1 to pivot with respect to each other around the hinge axes 3 even in the direction where the end edges 8 approach each other from the situation where the flanges 4 are coplanar.
  • Each sole 4 comprises means for fixing the element 1 against the surface of the structure.
  • each sole 4 has for this purpose two holes 11 located in an intermediate position between the longitudinal ends of the element, and with a certain distance between them measured parallel to the direction of succession of the elements.
  • the assembly of the two holes 11 of each element is located at an equal distance between the two ends of the element and with them a relatively small spacing relative to the length of the element.
  • this allows to fix the elements to the structure, here a beam 12, by applying the bearing face 6 of the sole 4 against the surface 13 of the structure which is convex, or likely to become convex under the effect of bending.
  • Fastening elements 14 are used for this which are not shown in detail but which may be bolts. Thanks to the two fixing means each corresponding to one of the holes 11 of each element, the bearing face 6 of the sole 4 of each element is held substantially tangent to the surface 13 in the middle of each element. It is thus ensured that the succession of soles 4 fairly faithfully reproduces, in the form of a broken line, the curvilinear profile of the surface 13.
  • the elements 1 must therefore not flex with the structure. Their angle shape helps prevent them from sagging. It is possible that the detector must in certain applications be installed on non-planar surfaces or on surfaces which should be planar but which have flatness defects. To this end, as shown in FIG.
  • the soles 4 can have one or more adjustable support means 16 (only one is shown, on one of the elements), for example each consisting of a screw 17 which can be more or less screwed into a threaded hole in the sole 4 so that its bearing end 18 makes an adjustable projection on the surface 6.
  • the bearing means 16 are adjusted so that each element is pressed stably on the structure .
  • Means 19 for detecting the angular deviation between successive elements 1 are mounted with a body 21 fixed to the wing 7 of an element 1 and an end 22 for capturing movement fixed to the wing 7 of the neighboring element 1 .
  • the points of the two wings 7 where the body 21 and the end 22 are respectively fixed are chosen so that the line 23 along which a displacement is detected passes at a distance from the axis 3 of the corresponding joint 2, in other words that line 23 and axis 3 are not intersecting.
  • the angular deviation between neighboring elements 1 is detected by detecting the variation in distance between the neighboring elements 1 along line 23.
  • the detection means 19 is preferably a sensor conforming to DE 39 02 997 or to the Japanese application filed under the number JP 6-291 249.
  • an optical fiber forms a turn around two studs mounted in the housing 21 , one being fixed relative to the housing and the other mounted on a slide integral with the motion-sensing end 22.
  • the sections of coil extending between the two studs form a sinuosity whose curvature varies when the distance varies between the housing 21 and the capture end 22.
  • One of the ends 24 of the optical fiber is supplied by a light source 26.
  • the other end 27 of the optical fiber is connected to a means 28 for detecting the intensity light received.
  • the capture end 22 moves relative to the housing 21 of the corresponding sensor 19. This changes the curvature of the sinuosity or sinuosities of the optical fiber in the housing 21 and this changes the attenuation of light in the optical fiber. This modification of attenuation is detected in the device 28.
  • the light intensities detected by the device 28 are transmitted, for example in digital form, to a processing unit 29 which can for example view on a screen 31 the deformed profile 32 of the surface 13 of the structure, or even provide results numerical, for example deflection measurements at different points along the length of the surface 13, or even corresponding stress values.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the device according to the invention can be fixed very quickly to the structure 12 by means of simple clamps 33, for example one per element 1 of the detector. We managed to mount the detector in a few tens of seconds.
  • Figure 3 shows that the elements 1 can be very different in length from each other. Very short elements 1 can be placed in areas where large deformations are expected, or with large variations in deformation between points close to each other, for example in the vicinity of a pillar supporting the beam 12 or a load applied to the beam 12.
  • Figure 3 also shows that the detector 10 may only extend over part of the beam 12 or other structure to be monitored. One can for example place the detector 10 in an area likely to be the most constrained. It is also possible that the deformations of the rest of the beam 12 can be deduced from the deformations of the zone associated with the detector, by extrapolation.
  • FIG. 5 shows that the detector 10 can also be placed on a surface 34 which is concave or capable of becoming concave under the effect of the deformation.
  • the elements 1 it is preferred to fix the elements 1 by means 36 not shown in detail, which coincide with the joints 2. This allows the zone of the elements 1 and in particular to the zone of the soles 4 which is distant from their joints 2, to deviate as necessary from the surface 34 according to the concavity.
  • a detector 10 is placed on a ground 44 to detect any differential settlement.
  • the detector 10 rests on the ground by gravity, ie by its own weight, the elements 1 can be made relatively heavy to ensure good coupling between each element 1 and the part of the ground 44 on which the element 1 rests .
  • the detector does not need to include fixing means.
  • the invention is not limited to the examples described and shown.
  • the joints may be replaced by 'pseudo-joints, for example in the form of resiliently flexible links.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method whereby a succession of elements (1) designed to be placed against the structure to be monitored by pressing the baseplate (4) of each element against a surface of the structure. The elements (1) are linked by articulations (2) and the mutual angular deflection of the elements (1) is read by sensing devices (19). The signal from the sensors is processed by a processing unit (29). The invention is useful for very simple installation of an essentially prefabricated and pre-cabled detector.

Description

DESCRIPTION "Détecteur de flexion et/ou tassement différentiel (s) et procédé pour surveiller une structure" La présente invention concerne un détecteur de flexion et/ou de tassement différentiel (s) . DESCRIPTION "Detection of bending and / or differential settlement (s) and method for monitoring a structure" The present invention relates to a detector of bending and / or differential settlement (s).
La présente invention concerne également un procédé pour surveiller la flexion et/ou tassement différentiel (s) d'une structure .The present invention also relates to a method for monitoring the bending and / or differential settlement (s) of a structure.
L'invention s'intéresse tout particulièrement à certains types de déformations différentielles rencontrées en géotechnique, et de changements de formes dans les tunnels, pour le suivi de la stabilité géométrique des ouvrages.The invention is particularly interested in certain types of differential deformation encountered in geotechnics, and shape changes in tunnels, for monitoring the geometric stability of structures.
On appelle "tassement différentiel" une déformation telle que celle de la surface d'un terrain qui s'abaisse de façon inégale d'un point à un autre, cet exemple n'étant nullement limitatif .We call "differential settlement" a deformation such as that of the surface of a ground which drops unevenly from one point to another, this example being in no way limiting.
On connaît d'après le WO-A-97/42 463 un procédé consistant à associer intimement à la structure un corps - appelé "modèle"- longiligne dans lequel est incorporée au moins une fibre optique. Lorsque la structure se déforme, le modèle suit la déformation. La déformation du modèle est détectée par une variation de l'atténuation de la lumière transmise par la fibre optique.WO-A-97/42 463 discloses a method consisting in intimately associating with the structure a body - called "model" - elongated in which is incorporated at least one optical fiber. When the structure deforms, the model follows the deformation. The deformation of the model is detected by a variation in the attenuation of the light transmitted by the optical fiber.
Ce procédé fournit une détection qui est dite "en base longue". Ceci signifie qu'on ne s'intéresse pas aux déformations locales mais au cumul des déformations affectant la structure le long du modèle ou même, par extrapolation, sur toute la longueur correspondante de la structure elle-même lorsque le modèle ne la couvre pas entièrement . Les travaux d'installation préalables à la mise en œuvre du procédé connu sont relativement conséquents sur le site. Ils nécessitent également, dans bien des cas, une certaine précision, notamment en ce qui concerne le positionnement de la ou des fibres optiques dans le modèle . Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un détecteur et un procédé plus faciles à installer et capables de fournir des résultats plus localisés. Suivant l'invention, le détecteur de flexion et/ou tassement différentiel (1) est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend:This method provides a detection which is called "long base". This means that we are not interested in local deformations but in the cumulation of deformations affecting the structure along the model or even, by extrapolation, over the entire corresponding length of the structure itself when the model does not cover it entirely. . The installation work prior to the implementation of the known process is relatively substantial on site. They also require, in many cases, a certain precision, in particular as regards the positioning of the optical fiber or fibers in the model. The object of the present invention is to provide a detector and a method which are easier to install and capable of providing more localized results. According to the invention, the bending and / or differential settlement detector (1) is characterized in that it comprises:
- une succession d'au moins deux éléments reliés entre eux par des moyens d'articulation, et destinée à être installée pour épouser un profil d'une surface de la structure dont la flexion et/ou tassement différentiel (s) sont à détecter; et- A succession of at least two elements linked together by means of articulation, and intended to be installed to match a profile of a surface of the structure whose bending and / or differential settlement (s) are to be detected; and
- des moyens de détection de la déviation angulaire relative entre éléments voisins . Le détecteur selon 1 ' invention est particulièrement simple à installer puisqu'il suffit de le fixer sur la surface de la structure à surveiller. Dans des cas extrêmes, par exemple si l'on utilise de simples serre-joints pour réaliser l'installation du détecteur par fixation, ou même si l'on fait simplement reposer le détecteur sur le dessus d'une surface, l'installation peut être assurée en quelques dizaines de secondes. Ceci est important dans certaines applications, par exemple dans des milieux susceptibles d'être radioactifs.- means for detecting the relative angular deviation between neighboring elements. The detector according to the invention is particularly simple to install since it suffices to fix it on the surface of the structure to be monitored. In extreme cases, for example if simple clamps are used to install the detector by fixing, or even if the detector is simply placed on top of a surface, the installation can be assured in a few tens of seconds. This is important in certain applications, for example in environments likely to be radioactive.
Le détecteur selon l'invention délivre un signal correspondant à l'angle formé entre éléments successifs à chaque articulation. On peut en déduire des informations sur les déformations locales et une image de la structure déformée. Mais on peut également, comme avec la détection en base longue connue, calculer le cumul des déformations sur une certaine longueur. La mesure en base longue repose sur la constatation que pour les ouvrages de génie civil, une intégrale (au sens mathématique du terme) des déformations est plus représentative du risque encouru par la structure que telle ou telle déformation mesurée localement . Suivant un second aspect de l'invention, le procédé pour surveiller la flexion et/ou le tassement différentiel (s) d'une structure, est caractérisé en ce qu'on installe le long d'une partie au moins d'une surface de la structure plusieurs éléments successifs reliés entre eux par des moyens d'articulation, et on détecte les déviations angulaires entre éléments successifs. D ' autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description ci-après, relative à des exemples non-limitatifs.The detector according to the invention delivers a signal corresponding to the angle formed between successive elements at each articulation. One can deduce from it information on the local strains and an image of the deformed structure. But one can also, as with the known long base detection, calculate the cumulation of the deformations over a certain length. The long base measurement is based on the observation that for civil engineering works, an integral (in the mathematical sense of the term) of the deformations is more representative of the risk incurred by the structure than this or that deformation measured locally. According to a second aspect of the invention, the method for monitoring the bending and / or differential settlement (s) of a structure, is characterized in that it is installed along at least part of a surface of the structure several successive elements linked together by means of articulation, and angular deviations between successive elements are detected. Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description below, relating to non-limiting examples.
Aux dessins annexés : - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective du détecteur de flexion et/ou tassement différentiel (s) selon 1 ' invention;In the accompanying drawings: - Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of the bending and / or differential settlement detector (s) according to the invention;
- la figure 2 illustre un mode de montage rapide du détecteur sous une poutre appartenant à la structure à surveiller;- Figure 2 illustrates a rapid mounting mode of the detector under a beam belonging to the structure to be monitored;
- la figure 3 est une vue en élévation du détecteur fixé sous la poutre;- Figure 3 is an elevational view of the detector fixed under the beam;
- la figure 4 est une vue d'un détail du mode de mise en œuvre de la figure 3, la poutre étant à l'état déformé; - la figure 5 est une vue analogue à la figure 4 mais avec le détecteur monté sur le dessus de la poutre;- Figure 4 is a detail view of the embodiment of Figure 3, the beam being in the deformed state; - Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 but with the detector mounted on top of the beam;
- la figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un tunnel équipé de détecteurs selon l'invention; et la figure 7 est une vue d'un détecteur selon l'invention posé sur un sol dont la géométrie est à surveiller.- Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel equipped with detectors according to the invention; and FIG. 7 is a view of a detector according to the invention placed on a ground whose geometry is to be monitored.
Le détecteur de flexion et/ou de tassement différentiel (s) 10 suivant l'invention comprend une succession d'éléments 1 reliés entre eux par des articulations 2. Les axesThe bending and / or differential settlement detector (s) 10 according to the invention comprises a succession of elements 1 connected together by articulations 2. The axes
3 des articulations 2 sont parallèles entre eux et perpendiculaires à la direction de succession des éléments 1.3 of the articulations 2 are mutually parallel and perpendicular to the direction of succession of the elements 1.
Chaque élément 1 comprend une semelle 4 de forme générale plane. Les axes d'articulation 3 sont sensiblement situés dans le plan des semelles 4 et permettent aux semelles 4 d'être mutuellement alignées. Les semelles 4 peuvent ainsi être plaquées toutes ensemble, par leur surface d'appui inférieure 6, contre une surface plane d'une structure susceptible de fléchir.Each element 1 comprises a sole 4 of generally planar shape. The articulation axes 3 are substantially located in the plane of the soles 4 and allow the soles 4 to be mutually aligned. The soles 4 can thus be pressed all together, by their lower bearing surface 6, against a flat surface of a structure capable of bending.
Chaque élément 1 a la forme générale d'une cornière dont l'une des ailes est constituée par la semelle 4. L'autre aile 7 de la cornière se dresse à partir de la semelle 4 en direction opposée à la surface d'appui 6. Les ailes 7 sont coplanaires .Each element 1 has the general shape of an angle iron of which one of the wings is constituted by the sole 4. The other wing 7 of the angle iron rises from the sole 4 in the direction opposite to the bearing surface 6 The wings 7 are coplanar.
Elles ont des bords d'extrémité 8 qui sont obliques par rapport au plan de la semelle 4 respective de manière à former entre les deux bords 8 en regard de deux éléments 1 adjacents une échancrure 9 en forme de V lorsque les semelles 4 sont coplanaires . Ceci permet aux éléments 1 de pivoter les uns par rapport aux autres autour des axes d'articulation 3 même dans le sens où les bords d'extrémité 8 se rapprochent l'un de l'autre à partir de la situation où les semelles 4 sont coplanaires .They have end edges 8 which are oblique with respect to in the plane of the respective sole 4 so as to form between the two edges 8 opposite two adjacent elements 1 a notch 9 in V shape when the soles 4 are coplanar. This allows the elements 1 to pivot with respect to each other around the hinge axes 3 even in the direction where the end edges 8 approach each other from the situation where the flanges 4 are coplanar.
Chaque semelle 4 comprend des moyens pour fixer l'élément 1 contre la surface de la structure. Dans l'exemple représenté, chaque semelle 4 comporte à cet effet deux trous 11 situés en position intermédiaire entre lés extrémités longitudinales de l'élément, et avec une certaine distance entre eux mesurée parallèlement à la direction de succession des éléments. De préférence, l'ensemble des deux trous 11 de chaque élément est situé à égale distance entre les deux extrémités de 1 ' élément et avec entre eux un écartement relativement faible par rapport à la longueur de 1 ' élément .Each sole 4 comprises means for fixing the element 1 against the surface of the structure. In the example shown, each sole 4 has for this purpose two holes 11 located in an intermediate position between the longitudinal ends of the element, and with a certain distance between them measured parallel to the direction of succession of the elements. Preferably, the assembly of the two holes 11 of each element is located at an equal distance between the two ends of the element and with them a relatively small spacing relative to the length of the element.
Comme le montre la figure 4, ceci permet de fixer les éléments à la structure, ici une poutre 12, en appliquant la face d'appui 6 de la semelle 4 contre la surface 13 de la structure qui est convexe, ou susceptible de devenir convexe sous l'effet de la flexion.As shown in Figure 4, this allows to fix the elements to the structure, here a beam 12, by applying the bearing face 6 of the sole 4 against the surface 13 of the structure which is convex, or likely to become convex under the effect of bending.
On utilise pour cela des éléments de fixation 14 qui ne sont pas représentés en détail mais qui peuvent être des boulons . Grâce aux deux moyens de fixation correspondant chacun à l'un des trous 11 de chaque élément, la face d'appui 6 de la semelle 4 de chaque élément est maintenue sensiblement tangente à la surface 13 au milieu de chaque élément. On est ainsi assuré que la succession des semelles 4 reproduit assez fidèlement, sous la forme d'une ligne brisée, le profil curviligne de la surface 13. Les éléments 1 ne doivent donc pas fléchir avec la structure . Leur forme en cornière contribue à éviter qu'ils fléchissent. II est possible que le détecteur doive dans certaines applications être installé sur des surfaces non planes ou encore sur des surfaces qui devraient être planes mais qui présentent des défauts de planéité. A cet effet, comme le montre la figure 1, les semelles 4 peuvent posséder un ou plusieurs moyens d'appui 16 réglables (un seul est représenté, sur un seul des éléments) , constitués par exemple chacun d'une vis 17 pouvant être plus ou moins vissée dans un trou fileté de la semelle 4 de façon que son extrémité d'appui 18 fasse une saillie réglable sur la surface 6. En service, on règle les moyens d'appui 16 pour que chaque élément soit appuyé de manière stable sur la structure . Des moyens 19 de détection de la déviation angulaire entre éléments 1 successifs sont montés avec un corps 21 fixé à l'aile 7 d'un élément 1 et une extrémité 22 de captation de mouvement fixée à l'aile 7 de l'élément 1 voisin. Les points des deux ailes 7 où le corps 21 et l'extrémité 22 sont respectivement fixés sont choisis de façon que la ligne 23 selon laquelle un déplacement est détecté passe à distance de l'axe 3 de l'articulation 2 correspondante, autrement dit que la ligne 23 et l'axe 3 ne soient pas sécants.Fastening elements 14 are used for this which are not shown in detail but which may be bolts. Thanks to the two fixing means each corresponding to one of the holes 11 of each element, the bearing face 6 of the sole 4 of each element is held substantially tangent to the surface 13 in the middle of each element. It is thus ensured that the succession of soles 4 fairly faithfully reproduces, in the form of a broken line, the curvilinear profile of the surface 13. The elements 1 must therefore not flex with the structure. Their angle shape helps prevent them from sagging. It is possible that the detector must in certain applications be installed on non-planar surfaces or on surfaces which should be planar but which have flatness defects. To this end, as shown in FIG. 1, the soles 4 can have one or more adjustable support means 16 (only one is shown, on one of the elements), for example each consisting of a screw 17 which can be more or less screwed into a threaded hole in the sole 4 so that its bearing end 18 makes an adjustable projection on the surface 6. In service, the bearing means 16 are adjusted so that each element is pressed stably on the structure . Means 19 for detecting the angular deviation between successive elements 1 are mounted with a body 21 fixed to the wing 7 of an element 1 and an end 22 for capturing movement fixed to the wing 7 of the neighboring element 1 . The points of the two wings 7 where the body 21 and the end 22 are respectively fixed are chosen so that the line 23 along which a displacement is detected passes at a distance from the axis 3 of the corresponding joint 2, in other words that line 23 and axis 3 are not intersecting.
Ainsi, on détecte la déviation angulaire entre éléments 1 voisins en détectant la variation de distance entre les éléments 1 voisins le long de la ligne 23.Thus, the angular deviation between neighboring elements 1 is detected by detecting the variation in distance between the neighboring elements 1 along line 23.
Le moyen de détection 19 est de préférence un capteur conforme au DE 39 02 997 ou à la demande japonaise déposée sous le numéro JP 6-291 249. Selon ces documents, une fibre optique forme une spire autour de deux plots montés dans le boîtier 21, l'un étant fixe par rapport au boîtier et l'autre monté sur un coulisseau solidaire de l'extrémité capteuse de mouvement 22. Les tronçons de spire s ' étendant entre les deux plots forment une sinuosité dont la courbure varie lorsque la distance varie entre le boîtier 21 et l'extrémité capteuse 22. L'une des extrémités 24 de la fibre optique est alimentée par une source lumineuse 26. L'autre extrémité 27 de la fibre optique est raccordée à un moyen 28 de détection de l'intensité lumineuse reçue. Lorsque la position angulaire relative de deux éléments 1 successifs change, l'extrémité capteuse 22 se déplace par rapport au boîtier 21 du capteur 19 correspondant. Cela fait changer la courbure de la sinuosité ou des sinuosités de la fibre optique dans le boîtier 21 et cela modifie l'atténuation de la lumière dans la fibre optique. Cette modification d'atténuation est détectée dans l'appareil 28.The detection means 19 is preferably a sensor conforming to DE 39 02 997 or to the Japanese application filed under the number JP 6-291 249. According to these documents, an optical fiber forms a turn around two studs mounted in the housing 21 , one being fixed relative to the housing and the other mounted on a slide integral with the motion-sensing end 22. The sections of coil extending between the two studs form a sinuosity whose curvature varies when the distance varies between the housing 21 and the capture end 22. One of the ends 24 of the optical fiber is supplied by a light source 26. The other end 27 of the optical fiber is connected to a means 28 for detecting the intensity light received. When the relative angular position of two successive elements 1 changes, the capture end 22 moves relative to the housing 21 of the corresponding sensor 19. This changes the curvature of the sinuosity or sinuosities of the optical fiber in the housing 21 and this changes the attenuation of light in the optical fiber. This modification of attenuation is detected in the device 28.
Les intensités lumineuses détectées par l'appareil 28 sont transmises, par exemple sous forme numérisée, à une unité de traitement 29 qui peut par exemple visualiser sur un écran 31 le profil déformé 32 de la surface 13 de la structure, ou encore fournir des résultats numériques, par exemple des mesures de flèche en différents points de la longueur de la surface 13 , ou encore des valeurs de contrainte correspondantes .The light intensities detected by the device 28 are transmitted, for example in digital form, to a processing unit 29 which can for example view on a screen 31 the deformed profile 32 of the surface 13 of the structure, or even provide results numerical, for example deflection measurements at different points along the length of the surface 13, or even corresponding stress values.
La figure 2 montre que le dispositif selon l'invention peut être fixé de manière très rapide à la structure 12 au moyen de simples serre-joints 33, par exemple un par élément 1 du détecteur. On est ainsi parvenu à monter le détecteur en quelques dizaines de secondes.FIG. 2 shows that the device according to the invention can be fixed very quickly to the structure 12 by means of simple clamps 33, for example one per element 1 of the detector. We managed to mount the detector in a few tens of seconds.
La figure 3 montre que les éléments 1 peuvent être de longueur très différente les uns des autres . On peut placer des éléments 1 très courts dans des zones où l'on s'attend à des déformations importantes, ou a de grandes variations de la déformation entre des points proches l'un de l'autre, par exemple au voisinage d'un pilier supportant la poutre 12 ou d'une charge appliquée à la poutre 12. La figure 3 montre également que le détecteur 10 peut ne s'étendre que sur une partie de la poutre 12 ou autre structure à surveiller. On peut par exemple placer le détecteur 10 dans une zone susceptible d'être la plus contrainte. Il est également possible que les déformations du reste de la poutre 12 puissent se déduire des déformations de la zone associée au détecteur, par extrapolation.Figure 3 shows that the elements 1 can be very different in length from each other. Very short elements 1 can be placed in areas where large deformations are expected, or with large variations in deformation between points close to each other, for example in the vicinity of a pillar supporting the beam 12 or a load applied to the beam 12. Figure 3 also shows that the detector 10 may only extend over part of the beam 12 or other structure to be monitored. One can for example place the detector 10 in an area likely to be the most constrained. It is also possible that the deformations of the rest of the beam 12 can be deduced from the deformations of the zone associated with the detector, by extrapolation.
La figure 5 montre que le détecteur 10 peut également être placé sur une surface 34 concave ou susceptible de devenir concave sous l'effet de la déformation. Dans ce cas, il est préféré de fixer les éléments 1 par des moyens 36 non représentés en détail, qui coïncident avec les articulations 2. Ceci permet à la zone des éléments 1 et en particulier à la zone des semelles 4 qui est éloignée de leurs articulations 2, de s'écarter en tant que de besoin de la surface 34 en fonction de la concaveté .FIG. 5 shows that the detector 10 can also be placed on a surface 34 which is concave or capable of becoming concave under the effect of the deformation. In this case, it is preferred to fix the elements 1 by means 36 not shown in detail, which coincide with the joints 2. This allows the zone of the elements 1 and in particular to the zone of the soles 4 which is distant from their joints 2, to deviate as necessary from the surface 34 according to the concavity.
Quel que soit le montage, il est toujours tel que les axes d'articulation 3 soient sensiblement parallèles à l'axe de la courbure produite par la déformation attendue .Whatever the assembly, it is always such that the axes of articulation 3 are substantially parallel to the axis of the curvature produced by the expected deformation.
Dans l'exemple représenté à la figure 6, des détecteursIn the example shown in Figure 6, detectors
10 ont été placés contre la face intérieure des pied-droits 41 d'un tunnel 42 et contre la face inférieure 43 de la voûte du tunnel, chaque fois le long du profil transversal intérieur du tunnel .10 were placed against the inside of the right legs 41 of a tunnel 42 and against the underside 43 of the roof of the tunnel, each time along the inside transverse profile of the tunnel.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 7, un détecteur 10 est placé sur un sol 44 pour détecter un éventuel tassement différentiel.In the example of FIG. 7, a detector 10 is placed on a ground 44 to detect any differential settlement.
Le détecteur 10 repose sur le sol par gravité, c'est à dire par son propre poids, les éléments 1 pouvant être réalisés relativement lourds pour assurer un bon couplage entre chaque élément 1 et la partie du sol 44 sur laquelle 1 ' élément 1 repose. Dans ce mode de réalisation et de mise en œuvre du procédé, le détecteur n'a pas besoin de comporter de moyens de fixation. Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés.The detector 10 rests on the ground by gravity, ie by its own weight, the elements 1 can be made relatively heavy to ensure good coupling between each element 1 and the part of the ground 44 on which the element 1 rests . In this embodiment and implementation of the method, the detector does not need to include fixing means. Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples described and shown.
Bien que la détection de mouvement entre éléments par voie optique soit préférée pour sa grande fiabilité et sa grande insensibilité aux perturbations, tout autre mode de détection de la déviation angulaire entre éléments est envisageable .Although the detection of movement between elements by optical means is preferred for its high reliability and its great insensitivity to disturbances, any other mode of detection of the angular deviation between elements is possible.
Les articulations peuvent être remplacées par ' des pseudo-articulations, par exemple sous la forme de liaisons élastiquement flexibles . The joints may be replaced by 'pseudo-joints, for example in the form of resiliently flexible links.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1- Détecteur de flexion et/ou de tassement différentiel (s) , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :1- Detection of bending and / or differential settlement (s), characterized in that it comprises:
- une succession d'au moins deux éléments (1) reliés entre eux par des moyens d'articulation (2), et destinée à être installée pour épouser un profil d'une surface (13, 34) de la structure (12) dont la flexion et/ou le tassement différentiel (s) sont à détecter; et- A succession of at least two elements (1) linked together by articulation means (2), and intended to be installed to match a profile of a surface (13, 34) of the structure (12), bending and / or differential settlement (s) are to be detected; and
- des moyens (19) de détection de la déviation angulaire relative entre éléments voisins (1) .- Means (19) for detecting the relative angular deviation between neighboring elements (1).
2- Détecteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de détection (19) de la déviation angulaire comprennent des moyens de détection de la distance entre deux points appartenant chacun à l'un des deux éléments, ces deux points étant situés sur une ligne (23) s ' étendant à distance de l'axe (3) des moyens d'articulation (2).2- detector according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for detecting (19) the angular deviation comprises means for detecting the distance between two points each belonging to one of the two elements, these two points being located on a line (23) extending at a distance from the axis (3) of the articulation means (2).
3- Détecteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de détection de distance (19) comprennent au moins une fibre optique (24, 27) montée fonctionnellement entre les deux points .3- Detector according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance detection means (19) comprise at least one optical fiber (24, 27) functionally mounted between the two points.
4- Détecteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément (1) comprend une semelle de fixation (4) et une aile (7) dressée à partir de la semelle, en ce que les moyens d'articulation (2) relient les éléments (1) au voisinage de leurs semelles (4) , et en ce que les moyens (19) de détection de la déviation angulaire sont reliés aux ailes (7) des éléments.4- Detector according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each element (1) comprises a fixing sole (4) and a wing (7) erected from the sole, in that the means of articulation (2) connect the elements (1) in the vicinity of their soles (4), and in that the means (19) for detecting the angular deviation are connected to the wings (7) of the elements.
5- Détecteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (11) de fixation de chaque élément (1) à la structure, ces moyens de fixation étant situés en position intermédiaire entre les extrémités de 1 ' élément (1) .5- Detector according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises means (11) for fixing each element (1) to the structure, these fixing means being located in an intermediate position between the ends of 1 element (1).
6- Détecteur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de fixation (11) sont agencés pour plaquer tangentiellement l'élément (1) contre la surface (13) de la structure (12) . 7- Détecteur selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de fixation comprennent deux moyens individuels (11) espacés sensiblement selon la direction de succession des éléments. 8- Détecteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (36) de fixation de la succession d'éléments (1) dans la région des moyens d'articulation (2) entre éléments voisins (1).6- detector according to claim 5, characterized in that the fixing means (11) are arranged to tangentially press the element (1) against the surface (13) of the structure (12). 7- Detector according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the fixing means comprise two individual means (11) spaced substantially along the direction of succession of the elements. 8- Detector according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises means (36) for fixing the succession of elements (1) in the region of the articulation means (2) between neighboring elements (1).
9- Détecteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les éléments (1) sont d'au moins deux longueurs différentes mesurées selon la direction de succession des éléments .9- Detector according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the elements (1) are at least two different lengths measured according to the direction of succession of the elements.
10- Détecteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'un au moins des éléments (1) comprend des moyens (16) d'appui réglables pour stabiliser son appui sur la surface de la structure (12) .10- Detector according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one of the elements (1) comprises means (16) of adjustable support to stabilize its support on the surface of the structure (12) .
11- Procédé pour surveiller la flexion et/ou le tassement différentiel (s) d'une structure, caractérisé en ce qu'on place le long d'une partie au moins d'une surface (13, 34) de la structure (12) plusieurs éléments successifs (1) reliés entre eux par des moyens d'articulation (2) et on détecte les déviations angulaires entre éléments successifs.11- A method for monitoring the bending and / or differential settlement (s) of a structure, characterized in that at least part of a surface (13, 34) of the structure (12) is placed ) several successive elements (1) linked together by articulation means (2) and angular deviations between successive elements are detected.
12- Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'on place le détecteur sur une surface susceptible de convexité (13) et pour cela on fixe les éléments (1) de façon que leur région médiane soit sensiblement tangente à la surface (13) .12- Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the detector is placed on a surface capable of convexity (13) and for this the elements (1) are fixed so that their median region is substantially tangent to the surface (13 ).
13- Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé efi ce qu'on fixe chaque élément (1) par deux moyens de fixation (14) se suivant sensiblement selon la direction de succession des éléments (1) .13- Method according to claim 12, characterized efi that each element (1) is fixed by two fixing means (14) substantially following each other in the direction of succession of the elements (1).
14- Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en -ce qu'on fixe la succession d'éléments (1) à la structure (12) au voisinage des moyens d'articulation (2). 15- Procédé selon la revendication 11 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'on associe la succession d'éléments (1) avec la surface (13, 34, 44) en utilisant des moyens de serrage rapides, tels que des serre-joints (33) où en faisant reposer la succession d'éléments (1) par gravité sur là surface (44) . 14- A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the succession of elements (1) is fixed to the structure (12) in the vicinity of the articulation means (2). 15- Method according to claim 11 to 14, characterized in that one associates the succession of elements (1) with the surface (13, 34, 44) using clamping means fast, such as clamps (33) where by resting the succession of elements (1) by gravity on the surface (44).
EP01927975A 2000-04-17 2001-04-17 Differential bending and/or subsidence detector and method for monitoring a structure Withdrawn EP1295082A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0004950A FR2807829B1 (en) 2000-04-17 2000-04-17 BENDING DETECTOR AND / OR DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT (S) AND METHOD FOR MONITORING A STRUCTURE
FR0004950 2000-04-17
PCT/FR2001/001169 WO2001079783A1 (en) 2000-04-17 2001-04-17 Differential bending and/or subsidence detector and method for monitoring a structure

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EP1295082A1 true EP1295082A1 (en) 2003-03-26

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EP (1) EP1295082A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004501345A (en)
CN (1) CN1425126A (en)
AU (1) AU2001254859A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2807829B1 (en)
TW (1) TW505780B (en)
WO (1) WO2001079783A1 (en)

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CN112809855A (en) * 2018-04-25 2021-05-18 江山显进机电科技服务有限公司 Point pressing type pressing detection and correction mechanism for double-layer double-upper flanging wooden door panel
CN108982236B (en) * 2018-07-17 2020-11-27 杭州翔毅科技有限公司 Quality inspection process for quantum secret communication transmission optical fiber

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JPS6173020A (en) * 1984-09-18 1986-04-15 Takenaka Doboku Co Ltd Automatic measuring device for underground displacement
JPS63221213A (en) * 1987-03-10 1988-09-14 Hokkaido Kaihatsukiyoku Kensetsu Kikai Kousakushiyochiyou Measuring instrument for inclinometer type block installation finish shape
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WO2001079783A1 (en) 2001-10-25
JP2004501345A (en) 2004-01-15
FR2807829A1 (en) 2001-10-19
AU2001254859A1 (en) 2001-10-30
TW505780B (en) 2002-10-11
FR2807829B1 (en) 2002-07-12
CN1425126A (en) 2003-06-18

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