EP1293267B1 - Fluidising lances and their arrangement - Google Patents

Fluidising lances and their arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1293267B1
EP1293267B1 EP02027386A EP02027386A EP1293267B1 EP 1293267 B1 EP1293267 B1 EP 1293267B1 EP 02027386 A EP02027386 A EP 02027386A EP 02027386 A EP02027386 A EP 02027386A EP 1293267 B1 EP1293267 B1 EP 1293267B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lance
pump
fluidising
liquefaction
lances
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EP02027386A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1293267A3 (en
EP1293267A2 (en
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Alexandra Frei
Bruno Streich
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Lindenport SA
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Lindenport SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • B08B9/093Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B9/0933Removing sludge or the like from tank bottoms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a liquefaction lance for an arrangement constructed from substantially identical liquefaction lances for the liquefaction of sediments or thickenings deposited on the bottom of large liquid containers but soluble in the same liquid, as e.g. when storing crude oil or other liquid petroleum products.
  • the crude oil extracted from the soil in crude oil production is initially stored in reservoirs, the crude oil tanks, with a large capacity without any treatment and kept ready for distribution.
  • the service lives of the oil in such containers are usually long enough that considerable deposits of crude oil sludge can accumulate, especially at the bottom of the same container.
  • the thickness of this thickened crude oil layer deposited on the ground is often over one meter.
  • This thickened mass which consists of more than 90% of thickened crude oil, can be re-liquefied with the introduction of hydrodynamic energy in the form of injected fresh crude oil in the same and, for example, immediately recycled to the processing process (for example refining).
  • Patent documents EP-0'160'805 and WO 97/41976 have described methods and the corresponding apparatuses with which such sediments in crude oil tanks or similar storage or transport containers are brought into a recyclable form.
  • Patent documents EP-0'160'805 and WO 97/41976 have described methods and the corresponding apparatuses with which such sediments in crude oil tanks or similar storage or transport containers are brought into a recyclable form.
  • According to these documents by injecting crude oil directly above or in the sediment layer special in these Publications described flow conditions created, which have a successive, partially wise dissolution and resuspension of the sediment layer result.
  • US-4'828'625 describes a method and apparatus for removing sediments in crude oil tanks in which crude oil is injected directly above the sediment layer in accordance with the profile of the sediment via special liquefaction lances.
  • the specified process requires an enormously high pumping capacity, indicated at 1000 gallons per minute per pump through the feed lines, due to hydrodynamic losses, the nature of the feed and the manifolds, and the operation of the special liquefaction lances. In this process, so 4 times 1,000 gallons, which are pumped over 16,000 liters of crude oil per minute in the container.
  • Such pumps with their aggregates are several tons heavy and must be operated by specialists.
  • the delivery system essentially includes supply lines, a central pump and a suction point.
  • a main supply line connects the suction point with a central pump stationed outside the tank, for example, which generate the pressure which is required for injecting the crude oil through the lances.
  • At least one further line is laid on the floating cover and at the end equipped with at least one distributor fitting. Additional lines are coupled to this at least one distributor. The other ends of these lines are positioned at approximately uniform intervals on the floating lid and in turn equipped with distributor fittings. Again, several lines are connected to each distribution fitting and the other ends, if not a distribution to other lines is necessary, coupled to the upper, projecting from the floating lid ends of the lances.
  • Another serious disadvantage of a device as described above is that the system is not sufficiently modular, i. E. the whole device is designed for a certain tank size.
  • a delivery system designed for a 50 meter diameter tank will not be able to supply enough pressure to a 100 meter diameter tank that requires many more lances.
  • the pump size must be adapted to the respective tank size.
  • pumps of different sizes have to be available in order to be able to sludge tanks of various sizes, which in turn leads to high costs.
  • the tank cleaning device described in US Pat. No. 4,772,401 includes very large supply lines and systems. In a lance intake and injection pipe are housed, being sucked by means of an externally mounted pump fuel from tank bottom level in another container. There, the fuel is cleaned and partially injected back into the original container.
  • autonomous modularly combinable liquefaction lances which have their own intake point and pumping and pumping system of their own, are combined to form a device which comprises e.g. in the patent documents EP-160805 and PCT / CH97 / 00152 reliably and without the previously explained disadvantages of the procedures described in these patents.
  • the liquefaction lance according to the invention essentially comprises means for injecting the liquid and at least one suction point. It is possible to treat any desired tank size with the use of a corresponding number of substantially identical inventive liquefaction lances, without having to provide a device specially designed for each type of tank.
  • the liquefaction process can be carried out with a certain number of liquefaction lances according to the invention. Due to the modular system of different autonomous injection points, which draws the crude oil through the openings in the floating roof, mainly those for the stilts, via the suction points, one is able to treat each tank size with optimal effort.
  • the feed pump which is integrated in the liquefaction lance, can connect the suction point with the injection point by the shortest route. It goes without saying that with such an arrangement much fewer lines must be laid than in the conventional, previously described central feed systems.
  • the only conduits that may need to be routed from the floating lid to the area outside the tank are the relatively thin and easily routed power or hydraulic lines that provide the energy needed to operate the pumps if the power generators (eg, electrical gensets) are used with possibly required hydraulic pump) are not operable on the roof itself.
  • the power generators eg, electrical gensets
  • Ve formaungsstrom which consists of autonomously operating liquefaction lances with suction the disadvantages of a central feed system with increasingly heavy and thicker supply lines, which moves from the roof over the outer wall of the tank to the central, stationed in the area outside the storage container pump must be, no longer has.
  • Another advantage of a modular liquefaction system is that its autonomous condensing lances ensure redundancy of the system. If a liquefaction lance fails during operation of the plant, it can be easily replaced quickly and without interruption of the entire process by a reserve lance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the procedure of injecting liquid into a circulating-current layer 5 to be moved 5 of a cylindrical crude oil tank 1 with a central axis 34 as the center of flow around which the fluid which is located in the moving layer 6 rotates in a circular manner.
  • the liquefaction lances 10 are immersed in the tank 1. These liquefaction lances extend into the area of the bottom of the tank 1.
  • the liquefaction lances 10 have rows of nozzles 11 arranged one above the other, which rows of nozzles extend from the tank bottom end of the liquefaction lances 10 to the shear area 3.
  • the nozzles take on the function of kinetic energy sources.
  • liquefaction lances 10 evenly arranged on a concentric circle to the tank jacket surface.
  • the liquefaction lances 10 are aligned such that the axis of the nozzles 11 is directed substantially tangentially to the tank shell surface.
  • the openings of the nozzles 11 are directed in the direction of movement of the circular flow.
  • the projecting from the tank ends of the liquefaction lances can be connected to a known feed system, which in the figure 1 schematically by leads 20, a distributor 29, a not according to the invention, externally arranged pump 26 and suction pipe 21 in the region of the moving circular current layer 6 is shown. It is thus possible to suck liquid from the circulating current layer and to pump them by means of the pump 26 into the individual liquefaction lances 10, where they can be injected through the nozzles 11 back into the moving layer 5.
  • the fluid 2 which is pumped through a nozzle, creates a jet of liquid, which is represented by the directional arrow 36 in the drawing. If the liquefaction lances 10 are introduced into the fluid 2 in arrangement and orientation as described above, kinetic energy is introduced into the layer 6 by injecting the liquid in such a way that a steady-state circulating current is produced substantially at constant pump power.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a liquefaction lance with integrated suction.
  • the liquefaction lance 10 can be modular. It then consists essentially of the Lanzenendteil 15 in which the rotatable or fixed nozzles 11 are integrated, one or more lance extensions 14, if they are even required, and the lance head 13, in which the suction pipe 21 with the suction openings 12 and the connecting element 18 - shown here as a flange 18 - and the upper end of the lance tube 10, which is integrated into the intake pipe 21 and is provided at its upper end with a connecting element 19.
  • the fluid to be dispensed through the nozzles 11 in the lance end portion 15 is drawn through the suction openings 12, flows through the suction area 16 to the connecting element 18, via a possibly interposed supply line 22 in the Saugöffuung not designed according to pump 26.
  • the pump 26 pumps the fluid in the upper part of the liquefaction lance, from where it is pressed via the lance tube into the lance end part 15 and out of the nozzles 11
  • the suction openings 12 can be designed in such a way that particle sizes which could damage the pump 26 or otherwise obstruct the injection could not reach the suction area 16 at all. This can e.g. through narrow slots, correspondingly small holes or a corresponding mesh screen before the openings are accomplished.
  • the pump 26 is connected directly to the corresponding connection element 19 (as shown in FIG. 6b).
  • liquefaction lance 10 has a modular design, suitable relatively tight connection means are attached to the corresponding connection points, which are relatively easy to separate.
  • a liquefaction lance 10 constructed in this way allows the operator of the de-scaling plant to optimally adapt the lance length to the respective requirements. This also avoids that a defective part of the liquefaction lance leads to the failure of the entire liquefaction lance, since the unit with the defect can be easily replaced by a reserve part.
  • the liquefaction lance shown in Figure 3 can be assembled from cheap steel. There is no special precision of the individual components needed.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a liquefaction lance with integrated suction.
  • the characteristic feature of this lance design is that it can be dispensed with an actual expensive and maintenance-intensive feed pump and the supply lines.
  • a drive unit 27 for example an electric motor, is coupled.
  • the drive shaft 32 of the drive unit is connected to a Transmission shaft 28 coupled, which drives at least one fluid screw or turbine 31.
  • the drive shaft or the at least one screw or turbine 31 are rotatably mounted on the bearing block 33.
  • the fluid is sucked by the located above the pump screw or turbine 31 suction openings 12 in the lance tube of this screw or turbine 31 and accelerated down and pressed out of the at least one nozzle 11 at the lower end of the liquefaction lance 10. It goes without saying that all located in the lance tube suction must be immersed in the fluid.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show the schematic representation of a partial liquefaction plant or liquefaction facility on a tank, which is constructed from a correspondingly required plurality of liquefaction lances with integrated suction point according to FIGS. 2 and 3 and driven by an electrical energy source 40 with relatively thin supply lines from outside the tank becomes.

Abstract

Lances are arranged in groups, each with its own fluid supply. An Independent claim is included for the corresponding method of grouped distribution of pumps and pumping power. Preferred features: There is a common pump (26) and drive, for each group in the tank (1). A suitable pump and drive is provided for each single-lance group. Each lance (10) used in the arrangement, has a pump delivering fluid through its interior, a pump connection and a pump drive. Pump and drive are directly connected to the lance. Direct connection obviates individual couplings. Nozzles and/or screws(s) on the lance, generate flow.

Description

Die Erfindung betriff eine Verflüssigungslanze für eine aus im wesentlichen identischen Verflüssigungslanzen aufgebauten Anordnung zum Verflüssigen von am Boden von grossen Flüssigkeitsbehältern abgelagerten, aber in derselben Flüssigkeit löslichen Sedimenten oder Verdickungen, wie sie z.B. beim Lagern von Rohöl oder anderen flüssigen Erdölprodukten entstehen.The invention relates to a liquefaction lance for an arrangement constructed from substantially identical liquefaction lances for the liquefaction of sediments or thickenings deposited on the bottom of large liquid containers but soluble in the same liquid, as e.g. when storing crude oil or other liquid petroleum products.

Das in der Rohölgewinnung aus dem Boden geförderte Rohöl wird zunächst ohne irgendwelche Behandlung in Vorratsbehältern, den Rohöltanks, mit grossem Fassungsvermögen gelagert und zur Verteilung bereit gehalten. Die Standzeiten des Öls in derartigen Behältern sind meist lang genug, dass sich beträchtliche Ablagerungen an Rohölschlamm vor allem am Boden derselben Behälter ansammeln können. Die Dicke dieser am Boden abgelagerten verdickten Rohölschicht beträgt nicht selten über einen Meter. Diese eingedickte Masse, welche bis zu über 90% aus verdicktem Rohöl besteht, kann unter Einbringung von hydrodynamischer Energie in Form von eingedüstem frischem Rohöl im selben wieder verflüssigt und bspw. unverzüglich dem Bearbeitungsprozess (z.B. raffinieren) wieder zugeführt werden.The crude oil extracted from the soil in crude oil production is initially stored in reservoirs, the crude oil tanks, with a large capacity without any treatment and kept ready for distribution. The service lives of the oil in such containers are usually long enough that considerable deposits of crude oil sludge can accumulate, especially at the bottom of the same container. The thickness of this thickened crude oil layer deposited on the ground is often over one meter. This thickened mass, which consists of more than 90% of thickened crude oil, can be re-liquefied with the introduction of hydrodynamic energy in the form of injected fresh crude oil in the same and, for example, immediately recycled to the processing process (for example refining).

In den Patentdruckschriften EP-0'160'805 und WO 97/41976 sind Verfahren und die entsprechenden Vorrichtungen beschrieben worden, mit denen derartige Sedimente in Rohöltanks oder ähnlichen Lager- oder Transportbehältern in eine wiederverwertbare Form gebracht werden. Zu diesem Zwecke werden gemäss diesen Druckschriften durch Eindüsen von Rohöl unmittelbar über oder in der Sedimentschicht spezielle in diesen Druckschriften beschriebene Strömungsverhältnisse geschaffen, welche ein sukzessives, teil weises Auflösen und Resuspendieren der Sedimentschicht zur Folge haben.Patent documents EP-0'160'805 and WO 97/41976 have described methods and the corresponding apparatuses with which such sediments in crude oil tanks or similar storage or transport containers are brought into a recyclable form. For this purpose, according to these documents by injecting crude oil directly above or in the sediment layer special in these Publications described flow conditions created, which have a successive, partially wise dissolution and resuspension of the sediment layer result.

Ferner ist in der US-4'828'625 ein Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung von Sedimenten in Rohöltanks beschrieben, bei welchem Rohöl unmittelbar über der Sedimentschicht und zwar entsprechend dem Profil des Sedimerns über spezielle Verflüssigungslanzen eingedüst wird. Das angegebene Verfahren benötigt wegen hydrodynamischer Verluste über die Art der Zuführung und der Verteiler und zum Betrieb der speziellen Verflüssigungslanzen eine enorm hohe Pumpleistung, die mit 1000 Gallonen pro Minute je Pumpe durch die Zuführleitungen angegeben ist. Bei diesem Verfahren werden also 4 Mal 1000 Gallonen, das sind über 16'000 Liter Rohöl pro Minute in den Behälter gepumpt. Solche Pumpen mit ihren Aggregaten sind mehrere Tonnen schwer und müssen durch Spezialisten betrieben werden.Further, US-4'828'625 describes a method and apparatus for removing sediments in crude oil tanks in which crude oil is injected directly above the sediment layer in accordance with the profile of the sediment via special liquefaction lances. The specified process requires an enormously high pumping capacity, indicated at 1000 gallons per minute per pump through the feed lines, due to hydrodynamic losses, the nature of the feed and the manifolds, and the operation of the special liquefaction lances. In this process, so 4 times 1,000 gallons, which are pumped over 16,000 liters of crude oil per minute in the container. Such pumps with their aggregates are several tons heavy and must be operated by specialists.

Das Eindüsen des Rohöls im Bereich der Sedimentschicht geschieht in allen drei Verfahren entweder mit rotierenden bzw. mit nichtrotierenden Verflüssigungslanzen, welche durch die im Schwimmdeckel der Rohöltanks angebrachten Öffnungen, in welchen sich normalerweise die Stelzen zur Abstützung des Deckels auf dem Tankboden befinden, eingeführt werden. Diese hohlen, das einzudüsende Rohöl führenden Lanzen, werden im wesentlichen in vertikaler Richtung in die oben beschriebenen Öffnungen eingeführt und ihr unteres Ende mit den Düsen in die für das Verfahren notwendige Position gebracht. Ihr anderes, oben aus dem Behälter ragendes Ende ist mit einer Zuleitung verbindbar, durch welche Zuleitung unter Druck Flüssigkeit zuführbar ist.The injection of the crude oil in the region of the sediment layer is done in all three processes with either rotating or non-rotating liquefaction lances, which are introduced through the openings in the floating lid of the crude oil tanks, in which usually the stilts for supporting the lid are on the tank bottom. These hollow, the einzudüsende crude oil leading lances are introduced substantially in the vertical direction in the above-described openings and brought its lower end with the nozzles in the position required for the process. Your other, projecting from the top of the container end can be connected to a supply line, through which supply line under pressure liquid can be supplied.

Das Zuführsystem beinhaltet im wesentlichen Zuführleitungen, eine zentrale Pumpe und eine Ansaugstelle. Eine Hauptzuführleitung verbindet die Ansaugstelle mit einer bspw. ausserhalb des Tanks stationierten zentralen Pumpe, welche den Druck erzeugen soll, der zum Eindüsen des Rohöls durch die Lanzen erforderlich ist. Mindestens eine weitere Leitung wird auf den Schwimmdeckel verlegt und am Ende mit mindestens einer Verteilarmatur bestückt. An diese mindestens eine Verteilarmatur werden weitere Leitungen gekoppelt. Die anderen Enden dieser Leitungen werden in etwa gleichmässigen Abständen auf dem Schwimmdeckel positioniert und ihrerseits mit Verteilarmaturen bestückt. Wiederum werden an jede Verteilarmatur mehrere Leitungen angeschlossen und die anderen Enden, wenn nicht noch eine Verteilung auf weitere Leitungen notwendig ist, an die oberen, aus dem Schwimmdeckel ragenden Enden der Lanzen angekoppelt.The delivery system essentially includes supply lines, a central pump and a suction point. A main supply line connects the suction point with a central pump stationed outside the tank, for example, which generate the pressure which is required for injecting the crude oil through the lances. At least one further line is laid on the floating cover and at the end equipped with at least one distributor fitting. Additional lines are coupled to this at least one distributor. The other ends of these lines are positioned at approximately uniform intervals on the floating lid and in turn equipped with distributor fittings. Again, several lines are connected to each distribution fitting and the other ends, if not a distribution to other lines is necessary, coupled to the upper, projecting from the floating lid ends of the lances.

Es ist leicht einzusehen, dass ein Zuführsystem, welches aus mehreren Hierarchien von Zuführleitungen besteht und mit einer ausserhalb des Tanks sich befindenden zentralen Pumpe verbunden ist, gewichtige Nachteile aufweist. Zum einen müssen für grosse Tanks von bis zu 100 Metern Durchmesser mindestens viele hundert Meter Leitungen verlegt werden, was ein sehr grosser Arbeits- und Materialaufwand bedeutet und auf das Verfahren signifikante nachteilige Auswirkungen ausübt. Der hydrodynamische Widerstand in diesem sehr langen Zuführsystem bewirkt, dass eine grosse Energiemenge von der zentralen Pumpe für den Transport des Rohöls durch diese Leitungen aufgewendet werden muss. Ein Leck irgendwo im Leitungssystem wirkt sich auf die ganze Vorrichtung negativ aus. Je näher das Leck an der Pumpe ist, desto grösser wird die Störung im Gesamtverbund wahrgenommen.It is easy to see that a delivery system consisting of several hierarchies of supply lines and connected to a central pump located outside the tank has considerable disadvantages. On the one hand, for large tanks of up to 100 meters in diameter, at least many hundreds of meters of pipes have to be laid, which means a very large amount of work and material and has significant adverse effects on the process. The hydrodynamic resistance in this very long feed system causes a large amount of energy to be expended from the central pump for transporting the crude through these lines. A leak somewhere in the piping system affects the whole device negatively. The closer the leak to the pump, the greater the disturbance is perceived in the overall network.

Fällt die zentrale Pumpe aus, so kann das ganze Verfahren nicht zu Ende geführt werden. Ein solches System weist eine ungenügende Redundanz auf.If the central pump fails, the whole process can not be completed. Such a system has insufficient redundancy.

Ein weiterer gravierender Nachteil einer wie oben beschriebenen Vorrichtung ist darin zu finden, dass das System nicht genügend modular aufgebaut ist, d.h. die ganze Vorrichtung ist auf eine gewisse Tankgrösse ausgelegt. Ein Zuführsystem, welches für einen Tank von 50 Meter Durchmesser ausgelegt ist, wird eine Vorrichtung für einen Tank von 100 Metern Durchmesser, welcher viel mehr Lanzen benötigt, nicht mehr mit genügend Druck versorgen können. Die Pumpengrösse muss an die jeweilige Tankgrösse angepasst werden. Dies führt dazu, dass verschieden grosse Pumpen zur Verfügung stehen müssen, um Tanks von verschieden grossem Inhalt entschlammen zu können, was wiederum mit hohen Kosten verbunden ist.Another serious disadvantage of a device as described above is that the system is not sufficiently modular, i. E. the whole device is designed for a certain tank size. A delivery system designed for a 50 meter diameter tank will not be able to supply enough pressure to a 100 meter diameter tank that requires many more lances. The pump size must be adapted to the respective tank size. As a result, pumps of different sizes have to be available in order to be able to sludge tanks of various sizes, which in turn leads to high costs.

Ein weiteres Problem bilden die im wesentlichen fest verlegten Hauptleitungen, welche bei einer Niveauänderung im Tank, welche z.B. zum Absenken des Schwimmdeckels bzw. zum Senken der am Schwimmdeckel befestigten Lanzen, während des Verflüssigungsvorgangs, aus verschiedenen Gründen durchgeführt werden soll, abmontiert werden müssen, da dies meist von den Vorschriften, an welche sich der Betreiber solcher Tanks zu halten hat, verlangt wird. Das Verflüssigungsverfahren muss in diesem Fall unterbrochen werden und es entsteht durch das Abkuppeln von Leitungen ein enormer zeitlicher und personeller Aufwand.Another problem is the substantially fixed main lines, which at a level change in the tank, which, for example, to lower the floating lid or to lower the lances attached to the floating lid, during the Liquefaction process, to be carried out for various reasons, must be dismantled, as this is usually required by the rules on which the operator of such tanks has to comply. The liquefaction process must be interrupted in this case and it comes through the uncoupling of lines an enormous amount of time and personnel.

Auch die im US Patent Nr. 4,772,401 beschriebene Tankreinigungsvorrichtuug beinhaltet sehr weitläufige Zufuhrleitungen und -systeme. In einer Lanze sind Ansaug- und Eindüsrohr untergebracht, wobei mit Hilfe einer extern angebrachten Pumpe Kraftstoff aus Tankbodenhöhe in einen anderen Behälter abgesaugt wird. Dort wird der Kraftstoff gereinigt und teilweise wieder in den ursprünglichen Behälter eingedüst.Also, the tank cleaning device described in US Pat. No. 4,772,401 includes very large supply lines and systems. In a lance intake and injection pipe are housed, being sucked by means of an externally mounted pump fuel from tank bottom level in another container. There, the fuel is cleaned and partially injected back into the original container.

Die Schrift WO99/28058, welche nach der Hinterlegung der vorliegenden Anmeldung veröffentlicht wurde, ofsenbart individuelle Reinigungslanzen mit beweglichen, teilweise rotierenden Düsen. Die zu den Lanzen gehörigen Pumpen sind als externe Einheit gestaltet.The document WO99 / 28058 published after the deposit of the present application also discloses individual cleaning lances with movable, partially rotating nozzles. The pumps belonging to the lances are designed as an external unit.

Es kann gezeigt werden, dass diese gravierenden Nachteile mit dem Einsatz der Erfindung behoben werden können.It can be shown that these serious disadvantages can be overcome with the use of the invention.

Gemäss Erfindung werden autonome modular kombinierbare Verflüssigungslanzen welche über eine eigene Ansaugstelle und eigenes Pump und Zunthrsystem verfügen, zu einer Einrichtung zusammen gestellt, welche die z.B. in den Patentdruckschriften EP-160805 und PCT/CH97/00152 genannten Verfahren verlässlich und ohne die vorgängig erläuterten Nachteile der in diesen Patentschriften beschriebenen Vorgehensweisen durchführt.According to the invention, autonomous modularly combinable liquefaction lances which have their own intake point and pumping and pumping system of their own, are combined to form a device which comprises e.g. in the patent documents EP-160805 and PCT / CH97 / 00152 reliably and without the previously explained disadvantages of the procedures described in these patents.

Die erfindungsgemässe Verflüssigungslanze umfasst im wesentlichen Mittel zum Eindüsen der Flüssigkeit und mindestens einer Ansaugstelle. Es ist möglich, mit dem Einsatz von einer entsprechenden Anzahl von im wesentlichen identischen erfindungsgemässen Verflüssigungslanzen jede gewünschte Tankgrösse zu behandeln, ohne eine für jeden Tanktyp speziell ausgelegte Vorrichtung bereitstellen zu müssen.The liquefaction lance according to the invention essentially comprises means for injecting the liquid and at least one suction point. It is possible to treat any desired tank size with the use of a corresponding number of substantially identical inventive liquefaction lances, without having to provide a device specially designed for each type of tank.

Das Verflüssigungsverfahren kann mit einer bestimmten Anzahl der erfindungsgemässen Verflüssigungslanzen durchgeführt werden. Durch das modulare System von verschiedenen autonomen Eindüsstellen, welche das Rohöl durch die Öffnungen im Schwimmdach, hauptsächlich solche für die Stelzen, über die Ansaugstellen ansaugt, ist man in der Lage jede Tankgrösse mit optimalem Aufwand zu behandeln. Die Förderpumpe, die in der Verflüssigungslanze integriert ist, kann auf dem kürzesten Weg die Ansaugstelle mit der Eindüsstelle verbinden. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass mit einer solchen Anordnung viel weniger Leitungen verlegt werden müssen als bei den herkömmlichen, vorgängig beschriebenen zentralen Zuführsystemen. Die einzigen Leitungen, welche eventuell vom Schwimmdeckel in den Bereich ausserhalb des Tanks geführt werden müssen, sind die relativ dünnen und leicht verlegbaren Strom- oder Hydraulikleitungen, welche die Energie zubringen, die zum Betrieb der Pumpen benötigt wird, falls die Energieerzeuger (z.B. elektrisches Aggregat mit eventuell benötigter Hydraulikpumpe) nicht auch auf dem Dach selbst betreibbar sind. Es ist leicht ersichtlich, dass mit einer Veflüssigungsanlage, welche aus autonom arbeitenden Verflüssigungslanzen mit Ansaugstelle besteht die Nachteile eines zentralen Zuführsystems mit immer schwerer und dicker werdenden Zuführleitungen, welche vom Dach über die Aussenwand des Tanks zur zentralen, im Bereich ausserhalb des Lagerbehälters stationierten Pumpe verlegt werden müssen, nicht mehr aufweist. Ein weiterer Vorteil einer modular aufgebauten Verflüssigungsanlage ist, dass durch ihre autonom arbeitenden Verflüssigungslanzen eine Redundanz des Systems gewährleistet ist. Fällt eine Verflüssigungslanze während des Betriebs der Anlage aus, so kann sie schnell und ohne Unterbruch des gesamten Prozesses durch eine Reservelanze leicht ersetzt werden.The liquefaction process can be carried out with a certain number of liquefaction lances according to the invention. Due to the modular system of different autonomous injection points, which draws the crude oil through the openings in the floating roof, mainly those for the stilts, via the suction points, one is able to treat each tank size with optimal effort. The feed pump, which is integrated in the liquefaction lance, can connect the suction point with the injection point by the shortest route. It goes without saying that with such an arrangement much fewer lines must be laid than in the conventional, previously described central feed systems. The only conduits that may need to be routed from the floating lid to the area outside the tank are the relatively thin and easily routed power or hydraulic lines that provide the energy needed to operate the pumps if the power generators (eg, electrical gensets) are used with possibly required hydraulic pump) are not operable on the roof itself. It is readily apparent that with a Veflüssigungsanlage, which consists of autonomously operating liquefaction lances with suction the disadvantages of a central feed system with increasingly heavy and thicker supply lines, which moves from the roof over the outer wall of the tank to the central, stationed in the area outside the storage container pump must be, no longer has. Another advantage of a modular liquefaction system is that its autonomous condensing lances ensure redundancy of the system. If a liquefaction lance fails during operation of the plant, it can be easily replaced quickly and without interruption of the entire process by a reserve lance.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung mit Hilfe der unten aufgeführten Figuren im Detail diskutiert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
Eine schematische Darstellung des Prinzips des Eindüsens von Flüssigkeit in eine zu bewegende Kreisstromschirht eines zylinderförmigen Rohöltanks mit einer Mittelachse als Strömungszentrum um welches das Fluid, das sich in der bewegten Schicht befindet, kreisförmig dreht.
Figur 2
Eine schematische Darstellung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer Lanze mit integriertes Ansaugstelle.
Figur 3
Eine schematische Darstellung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer Verflüssigungslanze mit integrierter Ausaugstelle, bei welcher die eigentliche Förderpumpe durch mindestens eine im Lanzenrohr integrierte und von einer Antriebseinheit angetriebene Schraube oder Turbine ersetzt wird.
Figur 4
Eine schematische Darstellung einer kompletten Verflüssigungsanlage mit einer Mehrzahl von in Figur 3 dargestellten Verflüssigungseinheiten.
The invention will be discussed in detail below with reference to the figures below. Show it:
FIG. 1
A schematic representation of the principle of the injection of liquid into a to be moved Kreisstromschirht a cylindrical crude oil tank with a central axis as a flow center around which rotates the fluid, which is located in the moving layer, circular.
FIG. 2
A schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a lance with integrated suction.
FIG. 3
A schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a liquefaction lance with integrated Ausaugstelle, in which the actual feed pump is replaced by at least one integrated in the lance tube and driven by a drive unit screw or turbine.
FIG. 4
A schematic representation of a complete liquefaction plant with a plurality of liquefaction units shown in FIG.

Figur 1 zeigt in einer schematisierten Darstellung das Vorgehen des Eindüsens von Flüssigkeit in eine zu bewegende Kreisstromschicht 5 eines zylinderförmigen Rohöltanks 1 mit einer Mittelachse 34 als Strömungszentrum um welches das Fluid, das sich in der bewegten Schicht 6 befindet kreisförmig dreht. Durch die Oberfläche der Flüssigkeit sind Verflüssigungslanzen 10 in den Tank 1 eingetaucht. Und zwar reichen diese Verflüssigungslanzen bis in den Bereich des Bodens des Tanks 1. Die Verflüssigungslanzen 10 weisen Reihen von übereinander angeordneten Düsen 11 auf, welche Düsenreihen sich vom dem Tankboden zugewandten Ende der Verflüssigungslanzen 10 bis zur Scherfläche 3 erstrecken. Die Düsen übernehmen die Funktion von Bewegungsenergiequellen. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the procedure of injecting liquid into a circulating-current layer 5 to be moved 5 of a cylindrical crude oil tank 1 with a central axis 34 as the center of flow around which the fluid which is located in the moving layer 6 rotates in a circular manner. Through the surface of the liquid condensing lances 10 are immersed in the tank 1. These liquefaction lances extend into the area of the bottom of the tank 1. The liquefaction lances 10 have rows of nozzles 11 arranged one above the other, which rows of nozzles extend from the tank bottom end of the liquefaction lances 10 to the shear area 3. The nozzles take on the function of kinetic energy sources.

Es sind mehrere Verflüssigungslanzen 10 gleichmässig auf einem konzentrischen Kreis zur Tankmantelfläche angeordnet. Die Verflüssigungslanzen 10 sind derart ausgerichtet, dass die Achse der Düsen 11 im wesentlichen tangential zur Tankmantelfläche gerichtet ist. Die Öffnungen der Düsen 11 sind in die Bewegungsrichtung des Kreisstroms gerichtet. Die aus dem Tank ragenden Enden der Verflüssigungslanzen sind mit einem bekannten Zuführsystem verbindbar, das in der Figur 1 schematisch durch Zuleitungen 20, einem Verteiler 29, einer nicht gemäss der Erfindung, extern angeordneten Pumpe 26 und Ansaugrohr 21 im Bereich der bewegten Kreisstromschicht 6 dargestellt ist. Es ist somit möglich, Flüssigkeit aus der Kreisstromschicht abzusaugen und diese mit Hilfe der Pumpe 26 in die einzelnen Verflüssigungslanzen 10 zu Pumpen, wo sie durch die Düsen 11 wieder in die bewegte Schicht 5 eingedüst werden kann.There are several liquefaction lances 10 evenly arranged on a concentric circle to the tank jacket surface. The liquefaction lances 10 are aligned such that the axis of the nozzles 11 is directed substantially tangentially to the tank shell surface. The openings of the nozzles 11 are directed in the direction of movement of the circular flow. The projecting from the tank ends of the liquefaction lances can be connected to a known feed system, which in the figure 1 schematically by leads 20, a distributor 29, a not according to the invention, externally arranged pump 26 and suction pipe 21 in the region of the moving circular current layer 6 is shown. It is thus possible to suck liquid from the circulating current layer and to pump them by means of the pump 26 into the individual liquefaction lances 10, where they can be injected through the nozzles 11 back into the moving layer 5.

Das Fluid 2, das durch eine Düse gepumpt wird, erzeugt einen Flüssigkeitsstrahl, der durch den Richtungspfeil 36 in der Zeichnung dargestellt ist. Sind die Verflüssigungslanzen 10 in Anordnung und Ausrichtung wie oben beschrieben in das Fluid 2 eingebracht, wird durch das Eindüsen der Flüssigkeit Bewegungsenergie derart in die Schicht 6 eingebracht, dass im wesentlichen bei konstanter Pumpenleistung ein nach einiger Zeit stationärer Kreisstrom entsteht.The fluid 2, which is pumped through a nozzle, creates a jet of liquid, which is represented by the directional arrow 36 in the drawing. If the liquefaction lances 10 are introduced into the fluid 2 in arrangement and orientation as described above, kinetic energy is introduced into the layer 6 by injecting the liquid in such a way that a steady-state circulating current is produced substantially at constant pump power.

Die in Figur 1 gezeigte Anordnung und Anzahl der Verflüssigungslanzen 10 zeigt nur das Prinzip der Erzeugung einer Kreisstromschicht. Rohöltanks haben in der Regel einen Durchmesser zwischen ca. 30 und 100m. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass bei solchen Dimensionen viel mehr Verflüssigungslanzen zur Erzeugung einer Kreisstromschicht eingesetzt werden müssen, aber auch, wie wesentlich energiesparende Pumpen sind sobald man solch enorme Mengen von Fluid zu bearbeiten hat.The arrangement shown in Figure 1 and number of liquefaction lances 10 shows only the principle of generating a circular current layer. Crude oil tanks usually have a diameter between about 30 and 100m. It goes without saying that with such dimensions, much more liquefaction lances must be used to create a circulating current layer, but also how much energy-efficient pumps are as soon as one has to process such enormous amounts of fluid.

Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer Verflüssigungslanze mit integrierter Ansaugstelle. Die Verflüssigungslanze 10 kann modular aufgebaut werden. Sie besteht dann im wesentlichen aus dem Lanzenendteil 15 in welchem die drehbaren oder fixen Düsen 11 integriert sind, aus einer oder mehreren Lanzenverlängerungen 14, falls diese überhaupt erforderlich sind, und dem Lanzenkopf 13, in welchem das Ansaugrohr 21 mit den Ansaugöffnungen 12 und dem Verbindungselement 18 - hier als Flansch 18 dargestellt - und dem oberen Ende des Lanzenrohrs 10, welches in das Ansaugrohr 21 integriert ist und an seinem oberen Ende mit einem Verbindungselement 19 versehen ist. Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a liquefaction lance with integrated suction. The liquefaction lance 10 can be modular. It then consists essentially of the Lanzenendteil 15 in which the rotatable or fixed nozzles 11 are integrated, one or more lance extensions 14, if they are even required, and the lance head 13, in which the suction pipe 21 with the suction openings 12 and the connecting element 18 - shown here as a flange 18 - and the upper end of the lance tube 10, which is integrated into the intake pipe 21 and is provided at its upper end with a connecting element 19.

Das durch die Düsen 11 im Lanzenendteil 15 auszudüsende Fluid wird durch die Ansaugöffnungen 12 angesogen, fliesst durch den Ansaugbereich 16 bis zum Verbindungselement 18, via eine eventuell dazwischengeschalteten Zufuhrleitung 22 in die Saugöffuung der nicht erfindungsgemäss gestaltete Pumpe 26. Die Pumpe 26 pumpt das Fluid in den oberen Teil der Verflüssigungslanze, von wo aus es via das Lanzenrohr in das Lanzenendteil 15 und aus den Düsen 11 gepresst wirdThe fluid to be dispensed through the nozzles 11 in the lance end portion 15 is drawn through the suction openings 12, flows through the suction area 16 to the connecting element 18, via a possibly interposed supply line 22 in the Saugöffuung not designed according to pump 26. The pump 26 pumps the fluid in the upper part of the liquefaction lance, from where it is pressed via the lance tube into the lance end part 15 and out of the nozzles 11

Die Ansaugöffnungen 12 können so ausgeführt werden, dass Partikelgrössen, welche die Pumpe 26 beschädigen könnten oder die Eindüsung sonst wie behindern könnten gar nicht in den Ansaugbereich 16 gelangen können. Dies kann z.B. durch enge Schlitze, entsprechend kleine Bohrungen oder ein entsprechendes Siebgitter vor den Öffnungen bewerkstelligt werden.The suction openings 12 can be designed in such a way that particle sizes which could damage the pump 26 or otherwise obstruct the injection could not reach the suction area 16 at all. This can e.g. through narrow slots, correspondingly small holes or a corresponding mesh screen before the openings are accomplished.

Die Pumpe 26 ist direkt an das entsprechende Verbindungselement 19 (wie in Figur 6b eingezeichnet) angeschlossen.The pump 26 is connected directly to the corresponding connection element 19 (as shown in FIG. 6b).

Ist die Verflüssigungslanze 10 modular aufgebaut, sind an den entsprechenden Verbindungsstellen geeignete relativ dichte Verbindungsmittel angebracht, welche relativ leicht trennbar sind. Eine so konstruierte Verflüssigungslanze 10 erlaubt es dem Betreiber der Entschlammungsanlage eine optimale Anpassung der Lanzenlänge an die jeweiligen Erfordernisse. Hiermit wird auch vermieden, das ein defektes Teil an der Verflüssigungslanze zum Ausfall der gesamten Verflüssigungslanze führt, da die Einheit mit dem Defekt leicht durch ein Reserveteil ausgetauscht werden kann. Die in Figur 3 dargestellte Verflüssigungslanze kann aus billigem Stahl zusammengebaut werden. Es ist keine spezielle Präzision der einzelnen Bauteile nötig.If the liquefaction lance 10 has a modular design, suitable relatively tight connection means are attached to the corresponding connection points, which are relatively easy to separate. A liquefaction lance 10 constructed in this way allows the operator of the de-scaling plant to optimally adapt the lance length to the respective requirements. This also avoids that a defective part of the liquefaction lance leads to the failure of the entire liquefaction lance, since the unit with the defect can be easily replaced by a reserve part. The liquefaction lance shown in Figure 3 can be assembled from cheap steel. There is no special precision of the individual components needed.

Figur 4 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer Verflüssigungslanze mit intergrierter Ansaugstelle. Das charakteristische Merkmal dieser Lanzenausführung ist, das auf eine eigentliche teure und wartungsintensive Förderpumpe und die Zuführleitungen verzichtet werden kann. Am aus der Stelzenöffnung ragendem oberen Ende der Verflüssigungslanze 10 ist eine Antriebseinheit 27, z.B. ein Elektromotor, gekoppelt. Die Antriebswelle 32 der Antriebseinheit ist an eine Transmissionswelle 28 gekoppelt, welche mindestens eine Flüssigkeitsschraube oder Turbine 31 antreibt. Die Antriebswelle, bzw. die mindestens eine Schraube oder Turbine 31 sind am Lagerblock 33 drehbar gelagert. Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a liquefaction lance with integrated suction. The characteristic feature of this lance design is that it can be dispensed with an actual expensive and maintenance-intensive feed pump and the supply lines. At the upper end of the liquefaction lance 10 protruding from the stilt opening, a drive unit 27, for example an electric motor, is coupled. The drive shaft 32 of the drive unit is connected to a Transmission shaft 28 coupled, which drives at least one fluid screw or turbine 31. The drive shaft or the at least one screw or turbine 31 are rotatably mounted on the bearing block 33.

Das Fluid wird durch die oberhalb von der Pumpen-Schraube oder Turbine 31 befindlichen Ansaugöffnungen 12 im Lanzenrohr von dieser Schraube oder Turbine 31 angesaugt und nach unten beschleunigt und aus der mindestens einen Düse 11 am unteren Ende der Verflüssigungslanze 10 herausgepresst. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass alle im Lanzenrohr befindlichen Ansaugöffnungen sich im Fluid eingetaucht befinden müssen.The fluid is sucked by the located above the pump screw or turbine 31 suction openings 12 in the lance tube of this screw or turbine 31 and accelerated down and pressed out of the at least one nozzle 11 at the lower end of the liquefaction lance 10. It goes without saying that all located in the lance tube suction must be immersed in the fluid.

Die Figur 4 zeigt die schematische Darstellung einer teilweisen Verflüssigungsanlage oder Verflüssigungseinrichtung an einem Tank, welche aus einer entsprechend benötigten Vielzahl von Verflüssigungslanzen mit integrierter Ansaugstelle gemäss den Figuren 2 und 3 aufgebaut ist und von einer elektrischen Energiequelle 40 mit relativ dünnen Zuleitungen von ausserhalb des Tanks angetrieben wird. 4 shows the schematic representation of a partial liquefaction plant or liquefaction facility on a tank, which is constructed from a correspondingly required plurality of liquefaction lances with integrated suction point according to FIGS. 2 and 3 and driven by an electrical energy source 40 with relatively thin supply lines from outside the tank becomes.

Claims (4)

  1. A fluidising lance for an arrangement on a storage container (1) for fluids, in particular on a storage container with a floating lid, designed for the storage of crude oil, said arrangement being operated for fluidising sediments which have collected on the base of the container and said arrangement comprising a plurality of fluidising lances (10) which immerse through the surface of the fluid and reach up to the region of the base of the storage container, wherein at least one nozzle (1) through which the fluid is jetted out, is arranged at the ends of each fluidising lance which are directed towards this base, characterised in that the fluidising lance (10) above the at least one nozzle (11) comprises a suction location connected to a suction opening to a pump, wherein the pump is formed as a rotating propeller or turbine (30) which is arranged in the lance.
  2. A fluidising lance according to claim 1, characterised in that the suction location comprises at least one suction opening (12) which opens into the lance tube above the propeller or turbine (31).
  3. A fluidising lance according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the propeller or turbine (31) is driven via a transmission shaft (28), wherein the transmission shaft (28) is coupled to a drive unit (27), and the drive unit (27) is arranged at the lance end lying opposite the lance end with the nozzles (11).
  4. A fluidising lance according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises a lance end part (15) with the nozzles (11), at least one lance extension (14) and a lance head (13) with the at least one suction opening (12), wherein the lance end part (15), the lance extension (14) and the lance head (13) may be separated from one another.
EP02027386A 1998-01-22 1999-01-21 Fluidising lances and their arrangement Expired - Lifetime EP1293267B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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CH14298 1998-01-22
CH14298 1998-01-22
EP99900427A EP1056552A1 (en) 1998-01-22 1999-01-21 Fluidising lances and their arrangement

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EP99900427.8 Division 1999-01-21

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EP1293267A2 EP1293267A2 (en) 2003-03-19
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FR672837A (en) * 1928-10-15 1930-01-07 Liquid Measurements Ltd Improvements in means for cleaning liquid storage tanks and the like
US4045336A (en) * 1974-08-23 1977-08-30 Pauli Henrik Isteri Method and device for oxygenating water with vibrations and under pressure strokes
US4772401A (en) * 1986-08-21 1988-09-20 Rawlins P J Thomas Method of reducing contaminants in a fuel tank
US4828625A (en) * 1987-03-09 1989-05-09 Nalco Chemical Company Apparatus and method for removal of sludge from tanks
US4981366A (en) * 1989-02-27 1991-01-01 Suburbia Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for mixing liquid contents in a vessel
DE4101184C2 (en) * 1991-01-17 1994-07-14 Sobinger Dietrich Process and installation for cleaning floating roof tanks for storing crude oil
DE29501036U1 (en) * 1995-01-24 1995-04-06 Frank Reiner Jakob Device for cleaning the inside wall of a wine barrel
AU727169B2 (en) * 1996-05-03 2000-12-07 Lindenport S.A. Method and device for liquefaction of sediments of thickened crude oil
FR2771654B1 (en) * 1997-11-28 2000-01-07 Ortec Ind MULTI-FUNCTION METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF METASTABLE LIQUIDS

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DE59913672D1 (en) 2006-08-24
WO1999037415A1 (en) 1999-07-29
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EP1056552A1 (en) 2000-12-06
ATE332768T1 (en) 2006-08-15
EP1293267A2 (en) 2003-03-19

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