EP1290914B1 - Method for adjustment of a hearing aid to suit an individual - Google Patents

Method for adjustment of a hearing aid to suit an individual Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1290914B1
EP1290914B1 EP01916843A EP01916843A EP1290914B1 EP 1290914 B1 EP1290914 B1 EP 1290914B1 EP 01916843 A EP01916843 A EP 01916843A EP 01916843 A EP01916843 A EP 01916843A EP 1290914 B1 EP1290914 B1 EP 1290914B1
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Prior art keywords
loudness
function
individual
hearing
determined
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1290914A2 (en
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Volker KÜHNEL
Andreas Von Buol
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Sonova Holding AG
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Phonak AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/35—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception using translation techniques
    • H04R25/356—Amplitude, e.g. amplitude shift or compression
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/70—Adaptation of deaf aid to hearing loss, e.g. initial electronic fitting

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  • the present invention relates to a method for Adaptation of a hearing aid to an individual.
  • a successful fitting of a hearing aid to one Individual with hearing loss and Correcting is a crucial under another factor forming the acceptance of the hearing aid. It is not just the type and extent of hearing loss important, but a number of others Circumstances, such as personal, i.e. individual feeling of loudness.
  • a method of fitting a hearing aid to a Individual is from the European disclosure Patent application number EP-A2-0 661 905 known.
  • the known method relates to the correction of a individual, damaged psycho-acoustic perception by setting parameters in a hearing aid. there becomes the statistical objective function for the correction determined average perception of people with normal hearing used.
  • the standard loudness function used as the target function becomes determined on a collective of people with normal hearing, whereby this standard loudness function if possible with the same Procedure is determined like the actual individual Measurement.
  • the present invention is therefore the object based on specifying a procedure in which recruitment on Hearing aids are made that have an improved fit of hearing aids to the loudness perception of the individual enable.
  • the invention has the following advantages: individual perception as well as statistical norm perception of hearing impaired in Dependence of hearing loss and the norm perception of Normal hearing people in determining the attitudes of a Hearing aid are taken into account, weighted according to Data reliability will be optimal for the individual Get target function for setting the hearing aid, with what also improves the individual's hearing ability is. In other words, it is through the invention managed to get an optimal target loudness, which the individual perception of loudness is taken into account.
  • An offset can be determined from the individual HVL0 function, in comparison to the hearing impaired standard HVL0 function. which describes the mean difference in the abscissa section of the loudness functions of the individual in comparison to the norm.
  • an audiogram is created. This happens in that in the case of a potential hearing aid wearer Hearing thresholds for pure tones of different frequencies be measured. The measured increases in hearing thresholds are considered as hearing loss in dB at each frequency or in expressed and represented at certain frequency intervals. With the help of the audiogram, it can be determined in what hearing range there is hearing loss. Furthermore Support points - d. H. separate Frequencies - determined in which in the sequence Loudness scales in the manner described below be made.
  • the loudness "L” is a psycho-acoustic quantity, which indicates how “loud” an individual is at presented acoustic Signal senses.
  • FIG. 1 One way to experience the individually felt loudness selected acoustic signals as usable To detect the size at all is the schematic in FIG. 1 shown, for example from O. Heller, "Hörfeldaudiometrie with the process of category division ", Psychological contributions 26, 1985, or V. Hohmann, "Dynamic compression for hearing aids, psychoacoustic Fundamentals and Algorithms ", thesis UNI Göttingen, VDI-Verlag, Row 17, No. 93, or Thomas Brand, Analysis and optimization of psychophysical procedures in audiology oldenburg: library and information system der Univ., 2000. - 148 S. Oldenburg, Diss., Univ., 1999. ISBN 3-8142-0721-1, known method.
  • the levels are given numerical weights, assigned from 0 to 10, for example.
  • FIG. 2 shows the loudness L, recorded with a category scaling according to FIG. 1, as a function of the mean sound pressure level in dB-SPL for a sinusoidal signal of the frequency f k .
  • the loudness L kN of the standard increases non-linearly with the signal level in the chosen representation, the slope course becomes in a first approximation for normal hearing people for all critical bands with the regression line entered as N in FIG. 2 reproduced with the slope ⁇ N in [categories per dB-SPL]:
  • model parameter ⁇ N corresponds to a non-linear amplification, approximately the same for normal hearing persons in every critical frequency band, but to be determined for hearing-impaired individuals with ⁇ kI at every frequency or in every frequency band.
  • the straight line with the slope ⁇ kI approximates the non-linear loudness function at the frequency f k by a regression line.
  • L kI typically denotes the course of the loudness L I of a hearing impaired person at a frequency f k .
  • the curve of a hearing impaired person has a larger offset (L 0 ) to the zero point and is steeper than the curve of the norm.
  • the larger offset corresponds to an increased hearing threshold
  • the phenomenon of the fundamentally steeper temper curve is referred to as loudness recruitment and corresponds to an increased ⁇ parameter
  • such loudness scales are carried out at at least one, preferably at three support points - ie at one or more different frequencies.
  • a so-called HVLS function is determined by plotting the slopes of the loudness function ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ... as a function of the hearing loss HV in dB.
  • Fig. 3 shows an HVLS function for a hearing impaired Individual, with the individual HVLS function, dashed line, through three support points using a suitable modeling described below is determined.
  • a preferred possibility for taking the standard loudness function into account is that an average is formed between the individual slope ⁇ determined by measurement and extrapolation at 0 dB hearing loss and the standard loudness slope, with a weighting corresponding to an expected spread of the values, namely both with the individual gradient ⁇ at 0 dB hearing loss and with the standard loudness increase. Weighting the individual scaling data depending on both the quality of the individual scaling data and the number of measuring points for the individual scalings and the number of scalings carried out has proven to be advantageous.
  • an extremely good adjustment of the hearing aid can be achieved with a weighting of the individual slope ⁇ at 0 dB hearing loss with a factor 2/3 and a weighting of the standard loudness gradient ⁇ N with a factor 1/3.
  • an optimal band-specific amplification can be derived from the abscissa sections L 0 of the loudness function in conjunction with the hearing loss determined in the audiogram.
  • loudness scales are carried out at at least one, preferably at three support points, ie at one or more different frequencies.
  • the HVL0 function is determined by plotting the abscissa sections of the loudness function L 01 , L 02 , L 03 , ... as a function of the hearing loss HV in dB.
  • Fig. 4 shows an HVLO function for a hearing impaired Individual, whereby the individual HVLO function, dashed line, through three support points using a suitable modeling described below. is determined.
  • the HVLO function shown in FIG. 4 due to its calculation from several support points, has less measurement-related scatter than the individual support points, and thus better reflects changes in individual perception.
  • the target function for setting the hearing aid could already be obtained based on this individual HVL0 function, the level L 0 at 0 dB hearing loss determined by extrapolation (dotted curve in FIG. 3) and the hearing aid set accordingly. It has been shown that the hearing aid setting can be significantly improved if information about healthy hearing is also taken into account analogously to the gradient ⁇ of the loudness function. It is proposed according to the invention that the standard loudness perception is used to determine the individually required amplification with 0 dB hearing loss. According to the invention, the fact is taken into account that the loudness perception of people with normal hearing themselves is not negligible.
  • a preferred possibility for taking the standard loudness function into account is that a weighted mean value is formed between the individual level L 0 determined by measurement and extrapolation at 0 dB hearing loss and the level Norm-L 0 , with a weighting corresponding to an expected spread of the Values, both at the individual level L 0 at 0 dB hearing loss and at the level Norm-L 0 .
  • a weighting of the individual scaling data as a function of both the quality of the individual scaling data and the number of measuring points for the individual scalings and the number of scalings carried out has also proven advantageous for the level L 0 .
  • an extremely good adjustment of the hearing aid can be achieved with a weighting of the individual level L 0 at 0 dB hearing loss with a factor 1/3 and a weighting of the level Norm-L 0 with a factor 2/3 ,

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Tone Control, Compression And Expansion, Limiting Amplitude (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for the individualized adaptation of a hearing aid to a person. The method consists basically of the measurement and quantification by parameters of the loudness perception of the individual, weighted by a first factor. Also weighted is a standardized normal loudness perception and its parameters by a second factor. Finally, the weighted loudness perceptions and their parameters are used for determining the optimal settings of the hearing aid for the individual concerned. The advantage of the method according to this invention lies in the fact that it permits significantly better adaptation of the hearing aid to the individual person.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Anpassung eines Hörgerätes an ein Individuum.The present invention relates to a method for Adaptation of a hearing aid to an individual.

Ein erfolgreiches Anpassen eines Hörgerätes an ein Individuum, bei dem ein Hörschaden vorhanden ist und korrigiert werden soll, ist ein entscheidender, unter anderen die Akzeptanz des Hörgerätes bildender Faktor. Dabei ist nicht nur die Art und das Ausmass des Hörschadens von Bedeutung, sondern auch eine Reihe anderer Gegebenheiten, wie zum Beispiel das persönliche, d.h. individuelle Empfinden von Lautheiten.A successful fitting of a hearing aid to one Individual with hearing loss and Correcting is a crucial under another factor forming the acceptance of the hearing aid. It is not just the type and extent of hearing loss important, but a number of others Circumstances, such as personal, i.e. individual feeling of loudness.

Ein Verfahren zum Anpassen eines Hörgerätes an ein Individuum ist aus der Offenlegungsschrift der europäischen Patentanmeldung mit der Nummer EP-A2-0 661 905 bekannt. Das bekannte Verfahren bezieht sich auf die Korrektur einer individuellen, geschädigten psycho-akustischen Wahrnehmung durch Einstellen von Parametern in einem Hörgerät. Dabei wird als Zielfunktion für die Korrektur die statistisch ermittelte mittlere Wahrnehmung von normalhörenden Menschen verwendet.A method of fitting a hearing aid to a Individual is from the European disclosure Patent application number EP-A2-0 661 905 known. The known method relates to the correction of a individual, damaged psycho-acoustic perception by setting parameters in a hearing aid. there becomes the statistical objective function for the correction determined average perception of people with normal hearing used.

Aus der erwähnten Offenlegungsschrift ist ferner bekannt; dass zur Voreinstellung der Dynamik-Kompression im Hörgerät eine Lautheitsskalierungsprozedur durchgeführt wird. Damit kann individuell der Grad des Recruitment bei Innenohrschädigung bestimmt und in der Folge eine individuelle Kompensation vorgenommen werden. Ergänzend wird diesbezüglich auf die Veröffentlichung von Kiessling, Kallmeier und Diller mit dem Titel "Versorgung und Rehabilitation mit Hörgeräten" (1997, Thieme, Stuttgart, New York) und von Thomas Brand mit dem Titel "Analysis and optimization of psychophysical procedures in audiology" (Oldenburg : Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Univ., 2000. - 148 S Oldenburg, Diss., Univ., 1999. ISBN 3-8142-0721-1) verwiesen.From the mentioned publication is also known; that to preset the dynamic compression in the hearing aid a loudness scaling procedure is performed. In order to The degree of recruitment can be customized Inner ear damage determined and subsequently one individual compensation can be made. additional in this regard, the publication of Kiessling, Kallmeier and Diller with the title "Supply and Rehabilitation with hearing aids "(1997, Thieme, Stuttgart, New York) and by Thomas Brand with the title "Analysis and optimization of psychophysical procedures in audiology " (Oldenburg: library and information system of the Univ., 2000. - 148 S Oldenburg, Diss., Univ., 1999. ISBN 3-8142-0721-1) directed.

Die als Zielfunktion verwendete Norm-Lautheitsfunktion wird an einem Kollektiv normalhörender Personen bestimmt, wobei diese Norm-Lautheitsfunktion möglichst mit der selben Prozedur bestimmt wird wie die eigentliche individuelle Messung.The standard loudness function used as the target function becomes determined on a collective of people with normal hearing, whereby this standard loudness function if possible with the same Procedure is determined like the actual individual Measurement.

Verschiedene Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass insbesondere die Varianz der Norm-Lautheisfunktion recht gross ist. Eine Übersicht der gefundenen Daten wurde in einem Aufsatz von C. Elberling mit dem Titel "Loudness scaling revisited" (J Am Acad Audiol 10, Seiten 248 bis 260, 1999) veröffentlicht.Various studies have shown that especially the variance of the norm-loudness function right is big. An overview of the data found was given in an essay by C. Elberling entitled "Loudness scaling revisited "(J Am Acad Audiol 10, pages 248 to 260, 1999).

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, bei dem Einstellungen am Hörgerät vorgenommen werden, die eine verbesserte Anpassung von Hörgeräten an das Lautheitsempfinden des Individuums ermöglichen.The present invention is therefore the object based on specifying a procedure in which recruitment on Hearing aids are made that have an improved fit of hearing aids to the loudness perception of the individual enable.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Massnahmen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in weiteren Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by the specified in claim 1 Measures solved. Advantageous embodiments of the Invention are specified in further claims.

Die Erfindung weist die folgenden Vorteile auf: Indem sowohl die individuelle Wahrnehmung als auch die statistische Norm-Wahrnehmung von Schwerhörenden in Abhängigkeit des Hörverlustes und die Norm-Wahrnehmung von Normalhörenden bei der Bestimmung der Einstellungen eines Hörgerätes berücksichtigt werden, und zwar gewichtet nach Datenzuverlässigkeit, wird eine für das Individuum optimale Zielfunktion zur Einstellung des Hörgerätes erhalten, womit auch die erhaltene Hörfähigkeit des Individuums verbessert ist. Mit anderen Worten ist es durch die Erfindung gelungen, eine optimale Ziellautheit zu erhalten, welche das individuelle Lautheitsempfinden berücksichtigt.The invention has the following advantages: individual perception as well as statistical norm perception of hearing impaired in Dependence of hearing loss and the norm perception of Normal hearing people in determining the attitudes of a Hearing aid are taken into account, weighted according to Data reliability will be optimal for the individual Get target function for setting the hearing aid, with what also improves the individual's hearing ability is. In other words, it is through the invention managed to get an optimal target loudness, which the individual perception of loudness is taken into account.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen beispielsweise näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt

Fig. 1
schematisch, eine Quantifizierungseinheit zur Quantifizierung einer individuell wahrgenommenen Lautheit,
Fig. 2
in Abhängigkeit des Schallpegels, die wahrgenommene Lautheit der Norm sowie eines schwerhörenden Individuums bei einer vorgegebenen Frequenz,
Fig. 3
die Steigung der Lautheitsfunktion als Funktion des Hörverlustes (HVLS-Funktion) für ein schwerhörendes Individuum und
Fig. 4
einen Pegel für die Lautheit = 0 als Funktion des Hörverlustes (HVL0-Funktion) für ein schwerhörendes Individuum.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings, for example. It shows
Fig. 1
schematically, a quantification unit for quantifying an individually perceived loudness,
Fig. 2
depending on the sound level, the perceived loudness of the norm as well as a hearing-impaired individual at a given frequency,
Fig. 3
the slope of the loudness function as a function of hearing loss (HVLS function) for a hearing impaired individual and
Fig. 4
a level for loudness = 0 as a function of hearing loss (HVL0 function) for a hearing impaired individual.

Wie bereits aus den einleitenden Ausführungen hervorgeht, wird erfindungsgemäss eine individuelle und somit bessere Einstellung von Hörgeräten dadurch ermöglicht, dass sowohl Streuungen aufgrund von ungenauen Messungen als auch Streuungen aufgrund von unterschiedlichen individuellen Lautheitsempfindungen bei der Hörgeräteinstellung berücksichtigt werden, wobei sowohl die individuell ermittelten Parameter als auch das Norm-Lautheitsempfinden gewichtet werden und zur Bestimmung der optimalen Anpassung beitragen. Unter dem Begriff "optimale Anpassung" wird dabei insbesondere ein ausgewogener Verlauf für die einzustellende Kompression und die einzustellende Verstärkung, d.h. dem Eingang-/Ausgang-Verhalten eines Hörgerätes in Abhängigkeit der Frequenz, verstanden.As can be seen from the introductory remarks, according to the invention is an individual and thus better Setting hearing aids allows both Scatters due to inaccurate measurements as well Scattering due to different individual Loudness sensations when adjusting the hearing aid are taken into account, with both the individual determined parameters as well as the standard loudness perception be weighted and to determine the optimal adjustment contribute. Under the term "optimal adjustment" is in particular a balanced course for the the compression to be set and the one to be set Reinforcement, i.e. the input / output behavior of a Hearing aid depending on the frequency, understood.

Dies wird für die Kompression insbesondere dadurch erreicht, dass die einzelnen Steigungen der individuellen Skalierresultate in Abhängigkeit des Hörverlustes dargestellt und durch eine individuelle HVLS-Funktion, d.h. die Steigung der Lautheitsfunktion als Funktion des Hörverlustes HV, angenähert werden. Aus der individuellen HVLS-Funktion, im Vergleich zur Schwerhörenden-Norm-HVLS-Funktion, kann ein Faktor bestimmt werden, welcher die Lautheitsempfindlichkeit des einzelnen Individuums im Vergleich zur Norm beschreibt.This is particularly important for compression achieved that the individual slopes of the individual Scaling results are shown depending on the hearing loss and through an individual HVLS function, i.e. the Slope of the loudness function as a function of Hearing loss HV, to be approximated. From the individual HVLS function, compared to the standard hearing impaired HVLS function, a factor can be determined which is the Loudness sensitivity of the individual in the Describes comparison to standard.

Für die Verstärkung wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass die einzelnen Pegel L0 der individuellen Skalierresultate in Abhängigkeit des Hörverlustes dargestellt und durch eine individuelle HVL0-Funktion, d.h. der Pegel für die Lautheit = 0 als Funktion des Hörverlustes HV, angenähert werden.
Aus der individuellen HVL0-Funktion, im Vergleich zur Schwerhörenden-Norm-HVL0-Funktion, kann ein Offset bestimmt. werden, welcher den mittleren Unterschied im Abszissenabschnitt der Lautheitsfunktionen des einzelnen Individuums im Vergleich zur Norm beschreibt.For amplification, this is achieved in that the individual levels L0 of the individual scaling results are represented as a function of the hearing loss and are approximated by an individual HVL0 function, ie the level for the loudness = 0 as a function of the hearing loss HV.
An offset can be determined from the individual HVL0 function, in comparison to the hearing impaired standard HVL0 function. which describes the mean difference in the abscissa section of the loudness functions of the individual in comparison to the norm.

Im folgenden werden die einzelnen Verfahrensschritte zur Anpassung eines Hörgerätes erläutert.The individual process steps are described below Adaptation of a hearing aid explained.

Als erstes wird ein Audiogramm erstellt. Dies erfolgt dadurch, dass bei einem potentiellen Hörgeräteträger die Hörschwellen für reine Töne verschiedener Frequenzen gemessen werden. Die gemessenen Erhöhungen der Hörschwellen werden als Hörverlust in dB bei jeder Frequenz bzw. in gewissen Frequenzintervallen ausgedrückt und dargestellt. Mit Hilfe des Audiogramms lässt sich somit feststellen, in welchem Hörbereich ein Hörverlust vorliegt. Des weiteren werden anhand des Audiogramms Stützstellen - d. h. einzelne Frequenzen - bestimmt, in denen in der Folge Lautheitsskalierungen in der nachstehend beschriebenen Art vorgenommen werden.First, an audiogram is created. this happens in that in the case of a potential hearing aid wearer Hearing thresholds for pure tones of different frequencies be measured. The measured increases in hearing thresholds are considered as hearing loss in dB at each frequency or in expressed and represented at certain frequency intervals. With the help of the audiogram, it can be determined in what hearing range there is hearing loss. Furthermore Support points - d. H. separate Frequencies - determined in which in the sequence Loudness scales in the manner described below be made.

Die Lautheit "L" ist eine psycho-akustische Grösse, welche angibt, wie "laut" ein Individuum ein präsentiertes akustisches Signal empfindet.The loudness "L" is a psycho-acoustic quantity, which indicates how "loud" an individual is at presented acoustic Signal senses.

Bei natürlichen akustischen Signalen, welche immer breitbandig sind, stimmt die Lautheit nicht mit der physikalisch übertragenen Energie des Signals überein. Es erfolgt psycho-akustisch im Ohr eine Bewertung des eintreffenden akustischen Signals in einzelnen Frequenzbändern, den sogenannten kritischen Bändern. Die Lautheit ergibt sich aus einer bandspezifischen Signalverarbeitung und einer bandübergreifenden Überlagerung der bandspezifischen verarbeitungsresultate, bekannt unter dem Begriff "Lautheitssummation". Diese Grundlagen wurden von E. Zwicker, "Psychoakustik", Springer-Verlag Berlin, Hochschultext, 1982, ausführlich beschrieben.With natural acoustic signals, which are always broadband the loudness is not the same as the physical transmitted energy of the signal. It takes place psycho-acoustic in the ear an assessment of the incoming acoustic signal in individual frequency bands, the so-called critical bands. The loudness results from a band-specific signal processing and a cross-band overlay of band-specific processing results, known by the term "Loudness summation". These basics were developed by E. Zwicker, "Psychoacoustics", Springer-Verlag Berlin, University text, 1982, described in detail.

Es hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, dass die Lautheit als eine der wesentlichsten, die akustische Wahrnehmung bestimmenden psycho-akustischen Grössen anzusehen ist.However, it has been found that the loudness as one of the most essential, acoustic perception determining psycho-acoustic parameters.

Eine Möglichkeit, die individuell empfundene Lautheit auf ausgewählte akustische Signale als weiter verwertbare Grösse überhaupt zu erfassen, ist die in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellte, beispielsweise aus O. Heller, "Hörfeldaudiometrie mit dem Verfahren der Kategorienunterteilung", Psychologische Beiträge 26, 1985, oder V. Hohmann, "Dynamikkompression für Hörgeräte, Psychoakustische Grundlagen und Algorithmen", Dissertation UNI Göttingen, VDI-Verlag, Reihe 17, Nr. 93, oder Thomas Brand, Analysis and optimization of psychophysical procedures in audiology oldenburg : Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Univ., 2000. - 148 S. Oldenburg, Diss., Univ., 1999. ISBN 3-8142-0721-1, bekannte Methode. Dabei wird einem Individuum I ein akustisches Signal A präsentiert, das an einem Generator 1 bezüglich spektraler Zusammensetzung und übertragenem Schalldruckpegel verstellbar ist. Das Individuum I bewertet bzw. "kategorisiert" mittels einer Eingabeeinheit 3 das momentan gehörte akustische Signal A gemäss z. B. elf Lautheitsstufen bzw. -kategorien, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt. Den Stufen werden numerische Gewichte, beispielsweise von 0 bis 10, zugeordnet.One way to experience the individually felt loudness selected acoustic signals as usable To detect the size at all is the schematic in FIG. 1 shown, for example from O. Heller, "Hörfeldaudiometrie with the process of category division ", Psychological contributions 26, 1985, or V. Hohmann, "Dynamic compression for hearing aids, psychoacoustic Fundamentals and Algorithms ", dissertation UNI Göttingen, VDI-Verlag, Row 17, No. 93, or Thomas Brand, Analysis and optimization of psychophysical procedures in audiology oldenburg: library and information system der Univ., 2000. - 148 S. Oldenburg, Diss., Univ., 1999. ISBN 3-8142-0721-1, known method. One will Individual I presented an acoustic signal A that at a generator 1 with respect to spectral composition and transmitted sound pressure level is adjustable. The Individual I rated or "categorized" using a Input unit 3 the acoustic signal A currently heard according to z. B. eleven loudness levels or categories, as in Fig. 1 shown. The levels are given numerical weights, assigned from 0 to 10, for example.

Mit diesem Vorgehen ist es möglich, die empfundene individuelle Lautheit zu messen, d. h. zu quantifizieren. Dies wird beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren bei mindestens einer vorzugsweise bei drei unterschiedlichen Frequenzen bzw. Stützstellen vorgenommen. Diese Prozedur wird im folgenden als Lautheitsskalierung bezeichnet.With this procedure it is possible to feel the individual Measure loudness, d. H. to quantify. This is at least one in the inventive method preferably at three different frequencies or Support points made. This procedure is as follows referred to as loudness scaling.

In Fig. 2 ist die Lautheit L, aufgenommen mit einer Kategorienskalierung nach Fig. 1, als Funktion des mittleren Schalldruckpegels in dB-SPL für ein sinusförmiges Signal der Frequenz fk aufgetragen. Wie aus dem Verlauf in Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, nimmt die Lautheit LkN der Norm in der gewählten Darstellung nichtlinear mit dem Signalpegel zu, der Steigungsverlauf wird in erster Näherung bei Normalhörenden für alle kritischen Bänder mit der in Fig. 2 als N eingetragenen Regressionsgeraden mit der Steigung αN in [Kategorien pro dB-SPL] wiedergegeben:2 shows the loudness L, recorded with a category scaling according to FIG. 1, as a function of the mean sound pressure level in dB-SPL for a sinusoidal signal of the frequency f k . As can be seen from the course in FIG. 2, the loudness L kN of the standard increases non-linearly with the signal level in the chosen representation, the slope course becomes in a first approximation for normal hearing people for all critical bands with the regression line entered as N in FIG. 2 reproduced with the slope α N in [categories per dB-SPL]:

Aus dieser Darstellung ist ohne weiteres ersichtlich, dass der Modellparameter αN einer nichtlinearen Verstärkung entspricht, für Normalhörende in jedem kritischen Frequenzband annähernd gleich, jedoch bei schwerhörenden Individuen, mit αkI, bei jeder Frequenz bzw. in jedem Frequenzband zu bestimmen. Durch die Gerade mit der Steigung αkI wird die nichtlineare Lautheitsfunktion bei der Frequenz fk durch eine Regressionsgerade approximiert.From this representation it is readily apparent that the model parameter α N corresponds to a non-linear amplification, approximately the same for normal hearing persons in every critical frequency band, but to be determined for hearing-impaired individuals with α kI at every frequency or in every frequency band. The straight line with the slope α kI approximates the non-linear loudness function at the frequency f k by a regression line.

In Fig. 2 bezeichnet LkI typischerweise den Verlauf der Lautheit LI eines Schwerhörenden bei einer Frequenz fk.In FIG. 2, L kI typically denotes the course of the loudness L I of a hearing impaired person at a frequency f k .

Wie aus dem Vergleich der Kurven LkN und LkI ersichtlich ist, weist die Kurve eines Schwerhörenden einen grösseren Offset (L0) zum Nullpunkt auf und verläuft steiler als die Kurve der Norm. Der grössere Offset entspricht einer erhöhten Hörschwelle, das Phänomen der grundsätzlich steileren Laütheitskurve wird als Lautheit-recruitment bezeichnet und entspricht einem erhöhten α-Parameter,As can be seen from the comparison of the curves L kN and L kI , the curve of a hearing impaired person has a larger offset (L 0 ) to the zero point and is steeper than the curve of the norm. The larger offset corresponds to an increased hearing threshold, the phenomenon of the fundamentally steeper temper curve is referred to as loudness recruitment and corresponds to an increased α parameter,

Wie bereits darauf hingewiesen worden ist, werden mindestens an einer, vorzugsweise an drei Stützstellen - d.h. bei einer bzw. mehreren unterschiedlichen Frequenzen - solche Lautheitsskalierungen vorgenommen. Aufgrund dieser Stützstellen wird eine sogenannte HVLS-Funktion ermittelt, indem die Steigungen der Lautheitsfunktion α1, α2, α3, ... in Funktion des Hörverlustes HV in dB aufgetragen werden.As has already been pointed out, such loudness scales are carried out at at least one, preferably at three support points - ie at one or more different frequencies. On the basis of these support points, a so-called HVLS function is determined by plotting the slopes of the loudness function α 1 , α 2 , α 3 , ... as a function of the hearing loss HV in dB.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine HVLS-Funktion für ein schwerhörendes Individuum, wobei die individuelle HVLS-Funktion, gestrichelte Linie, durch drei Stützstellen unter Anwendung einer geeigneten, im folgenden erläuterten Modellbildung ermittelt wird.Fig. 3 shows an HVLS function for a hearing impaired Individual, with the individual HVLS function, dashed line, through three support points using a suitable modeling described below is determined.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sich das folgende Modell besonders zur Ermittlung der Steigung α als Funktion des Hörverlustes HV (für Hörverluste zwischen 20dB und 100dB) eignet: log10(α) = aa · HV + ba · log (HV) + VPconsta    für 20dB < HV < 100dB,
wobei

  • α: Steigung der Lautheitsfunktion,
  • HV: Hörverlust in dB,
  • aa, ba: konstante Funktionsparameter und
  • VPconsta: individueller Funktionsparameter, welcher die HVLS-Funktion an die Stützstellen α1, α2, α3, ..., anpasst
ist.It has been shown that the following model is particularly suitable for determining the gradient α as a function of the hearing loss HV (for hearing losses between 20dB and 100dB): log 10 (α) = a a · HV + b a Log (HV) + VP consta for 20dB <HV <100dB,
in which
  • α: slope of the loudness function,
  • HV: hearing loss in dB,
  • a a , b a : constant function parameters and
  • VP consta : individual function parameter that adapts the HVLS function to the support points α 1 , α 2 , α 3 , ...
is.

Zunächst sei an dieser Stelle festgehalten, dass die in Fig. 3 dargestellte individuelle HVLS-Funktion aufgrund ihrer Berechnung aus mehreren Stützstellen eine geringere messungsbedingte Streuung aufweist, als die einzelnen Stützstellen, und somit besser Veränderungen in der individuellen Wahrnehmung widerspiegelt. Man konnte die zielfunktion zur Einstellung des Hörgerätes zwar bereits gestützt auf diese individuelle'HVSL-Funktion erhalten, die Steigung α bei 0 dB Hörverlust durch Extrapolation ermitteln (gepunktete Kurve in Fig. 3) und das Hörgerät entsprechend einstellen. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Hörgeräteeinstellung wesentlich verbessert werden kann, wenn Informationen über das gesunde Gehör mitberücksichtigt werden. Erfindungsgemäss wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Norm-Lautheitsempfinden zur Ermittlung der individuell benötigten Kompression bei 0 dB Hörverlust herangezogen wird. Dabei wird erfindungsgemäss dem Umstand Rechnung getragen, dass das Lautheitsempfinden von Normalhörenden selbst eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Streuung aufweist.First of all, it should be noted that the in Fig. 3 shown individual HVLS function their calculation from several support points a lower one measurement-related scatter than the individual Support points, and thus better changes in the reflects individual perception. You could do that Target function for setting the hearing aid already based on this individual'HVSL function received that Slope α at 0 dB hearing loss due to extrapolation determine (dotted curve in Fig. 3) and the hearing aid adjust accordingly. It has been found that the hearing aid setting can be significantly improved, when taking into account information about healthy hearing become. It is proposed according to the invention that the standard loudness perception to determine the individual needed compression with 0 dB hearing loss becomes. According to the invention, the fact is taken into account that the loudness perception of normal hearing itself has a non-negligible spread.

Eine bevorzugte Möglichkeit zur Berücksichtigung der Norm-Lautheitsfunktion besteht darin, dass ein Mittelwert zwischen der durch Messung und Extrapolation bestimmten individuellen Steigung α bei 0 dB Hörverlust und der Norm-Lautheitssteigung gebildet wird, wobei eine Gewichtung entsprechend einer zu erwartenden Streuung der Werte, und zwar sowohl bei der individuellen Steigung α bei 0 dB Hörverlust als auch bei der Norm-Lautheitssteigrung, vorgenommen wird. Eine Gewichtung der individuellen Skalierdaten in Abhängigkeit sowohl der Qualität der individuellen Skalierdaten, als auch der Anzahl Messpunkte für die einzelnen Skalierungen und der Anzahl durchgeführter Skalierungen hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen. Für individuelle Skalierdaten durchschnittlicher Qualität in drei Frequenzen kann mit einer Gewichtung der individuellen Steigung α bei 0 dB Hörverlust mit einem Faktor 2/3 und einer Gewichtung der Norm-Laütheitssteigung αN mit einem Faktor 1/3 eine äusserst gute Anpassung des Hörgerätes erreicht werden.A preferred possibility for taking the standard loudness function into account is that an average is formed between the individual slope α determined by measurement and extrapolation at 0 dB hearing loss and the standard loudness slope, with a weighting corresponding to an expected spread of the values, namely both with the individual gradient α at 0 dB hearing loss and with the standard loudness increase. Weighting the individual scaling data depending on both the quality of the individual scaling data and the number of measuring points for the individual scalings and the number of scalings carried out has proven to be advantageous. For individual scaling data of average quality in three frequencies, an extremely good adjustment of the hearing aid can be achieved with a weighting of the individual slope α at 0 dB hearing loss with a factor 2/3 and a weighting of the standard loudness gradient α N with a factor 1/3.

Analog zur Steigung α der Lautheitsfunktion kann aus den Abszissenabschnitten L0 der Lautheitsfunktion in Verbindung mit dem im Audiogramm bestimmten Hörverlust eine optimale bandspezifische Verstärkung abgeleitet werden.Analogous to the slope α of the loudness function, an optimal band-specific amplification can be derived from the abscissa sections L 0 of the loudness function in conjunction with the hearing loss determined in the audiogram.

Wie bereits darauf hingewiesen worden ist, werden mindestens an einer, vorzugsweise an drei Stützstellen - d.h. bei einer bzw. mehreren unterschiedlichen Frequenzen - Lautheitsskalierungen vorgenommen. Aufgrund dieser Stützstellen wird die HVL0-Funktion ermittelt, indem die Abszissenabschnitte der Lautheitsfunktion L01, L02, L03 , ... als Funktion des Hörverlustes HV in dB aufgetragen werden.As has already been pointed out, loudness scales are carried out at at least one, preferably at three support points, ie at one or more different frequencies. On the basis of these reference points, the HVL0 function is determined by plotting the abscissa sections of the loudness function L 01 , L 02 , L 03 , ... as a function of the hearing loss HV in dB.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine HVLO-Funktion für ein schwerhörendes Individuum, wobei die individuelle HVLO-Funktion, gestrichelte Linie, durch drei Stützstellen unter Anwendung einer geeigneten, im folgenden erläuterten Modellbildung. ermittelt wird.Fig. 4 shows an HVLO function for a hearing impaired Individual, whereby the individual HVLO function, dashed line, through three support points using a suitable modeling described below. is determined.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sich das folgende Modell besonders zur Ermittlung von L0 als Funktion des Hörverlustes HV (für Hörverluste zwischen 20dB und 100dB) eignet: L0 = aL · HV + bL · log(HV) + VP ConstL    für 20dB < HV < 100dB,
wobei

  • L0 : Pegel für Lautheit=0,
  • HV: Hörverlust in dB,
  • aL, bL: konstante Funktionsparameter und
  • VPconstL : individueller Funktionsparameter, welcher die HVL0-Funktion an die Stützstellen L01, L02, L03, ... anpasst
ist.It has been shown that the following model is particularly suitable for determining L 0 as a function of hearing loss HV (for hearing losses between 20dB and 100dB): L 0 = a L · HV + b L Log (HV) + VP ConstL for 20dB <HV <100dB,
in which
  • L 0 : level for loudness = 0,
  • HV: hearing loss in dB,
  • a L , b L : constant function parameters and
  • VP constL : individual function parameter that adapts the HVL 0 function to the support points L 01 , L 02 , L 03 , ...
is.

Zunächst sei an dieser Stelle festgehalten, dass die in Fig. 4 dargestellte HVLO-Funktion aufgrund ihrer Berechnung aus mehreren Stützstellen eine geringere messungsbedingte Streuung aufweist, als die einzelnen Stützstellen, und somit besser Veränderungen in der individuellen Wahrnehmung widerspiegelt. Man könnte die Zielfunktion zur Einstellung des Hörgerätes zwar bereits gestützt auf diese individuelle HVL0-Funktion erhalten, den Pegel L0 bei 0 dB Hörverlust durch Extrapolation ermitteln (gepunktete Kurve in Fig. 3) und das Hörgerät entsprechend einstellen. Es hat sich, gezeigt, dass die Hörgeräteeinstellung wesentlich verbessert werden kann, wenn analog zur Steigung α der Lautheitsfunktion Informationen über das gesunde Gehör mitberücksichtigt werden. Erfindungsgemäss wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Norm-Lautheitsempfinden zur Ermittlung der individuell benötigten Verstärkung bei 0 dB Hörverlust herangezogen wird. Dabei wird erfindungsgemäss dem Umstand Rechnung getragen, dass das Lautheitsempfinden von Normalhörenden selbst eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Streuung aufweist.First of all, it should be noted at this point that the HVLO function shown in FIG. 4, due to its calculation from several support points, has less measurement-related scatter than the individual support points, and thus better reflects changes in individual perception. The target function for setting the hearing aid could already be obtained based on this individual HVL0 function, the level L 0 at 0 dB hearing loss determined by extrapolation (dotted curve in FIG. 3) and the hearing aid set accordingly. It has been shown that the hearing aid setting can be significantly improved if information about healthy hearing is also taken into account analogously to the gradient α of the loudness function. It is proposed according to the invention that the standard loudness perception is used to determine the individually required amplification with 0 dB hearing loss. According to the invention, the fact is taken into account that the loudness perception of people with normal hearing themselves is not negligible.

Eine bevorzugte Möglichkeit zur Berücksichtigung der Norm-Lautheitsfunktion besteht darin, dass ein gewichteter Mittelwert zwischen dem durch Messung und Extrapolation bestimmten individuellen Pegel L0 bei 0 dB Hörverlust und dem Pegel Norm-L0 gebildet wird, wobei eine Gewichtung entsprechend einer zu erwartenden Streuung der Werte, und zwar sowohl beim individuellen Pegel L0 bei 0 dB Hörverlust als auch beim Pegel Norm-L0, vorgenommen wird. Analog zur Steigung der Lautheitsfunktion hat sich auch für den Pegel L0 eine Gewichtung der individuellen Skalierdaten in Abhängigkeit sowohl der Qualität der individuellen Skalierdaten als auch der Anzahl Messpunkte für die einzelnen Skalierungen und der Anzahl durchgeführter Skalierungen als vorteilhaft erwiesen.A preferred possibility for taking the standard loudness function into account is that a weighted mean value is formed between the individual level L 0 determined by measurement and extrapolation at 0 dB hearing loss and the level Norm-L 0 , with a weighting corresponding to an expected spread of the Values, both at the individual level L 0 at 0 dB hearing loss and at the level Norm-L 0 . Analogous to the slope of the loudness function, a weighting of the individual scaling data as a function of both the quality of the individual scaling data and the number of measuring points for the individual scalings and the number of scalings carried out has also proven advantageous for the level L 0 .

Für individuelle Skalierdaten durchschnittlicher Qualität in drei Frequenzen kann mit einer Gewichtung des individuellen Pegels L0 bei 0 dB Hörverlust mit einem Faktor 1/3 und einer Gewichtung des Pegels Norm-L0 mit einem Faktor 2/3 eine äusserst gute Anpassung des Hörgerätes erreicht werden.For individual scaling data of average quality in three frequencies, an extremely good adjustment of the hearing aid can be achieved with a weighting of the individual level L 0 at 0 dB hearing loss with a factor 1/3 and a weighting of the level Norm-L 0 with a factor 2/3 ,

Claims (9)

  1. Method to adjust a hearing device to an individual under consideration of individual loudness perception, the method consists in that
    the loudness perception of the individual is measured and, with the aid of loudness functions (LkI) of the individual, is quantified by parameters which are weighted by a first factor,
    corresponding parameters from standard loudness functions (LkN) of a standard loudness perception are weighted by a second factor and
    the weighted parameters of both loudness perceptions are used to adjust the hearing device.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that compression and/or amplification are adjusted in the hearing device, for which purpose the compression, respectively, the amplification are determined as a function of the frequency.
  3. Method according to claim 2, characterised in that the loudness perception of the individual is quantified with the aid of HVLS function for determining the compression, which function is determined by at least one sampling point, i.e. by loudness scaling at a minimum of one frequency.
  4. Method according to claim 3, characterised in that the HVLS function is modelled by the equation: log10 (α))= aa · HV + ba · log (HV) + VPconsta where
    a: gradient of loudness function,
    HV: hearing loss in dB,
    aa, ba: constant function parameters and
    VPconsta: individual function parameter which adapts the HLVS function to the gradient of the loudness function of the sampling points α1, α2, α3,...
    and that VPconsta is determined on the basis of a loudness scaling performed at preferably three sampling points, i.e. at different frequencies.
  5. Method according to claim 2, characterised in that, for determining the amplification, the loudness perception of the individual is quantified by means of an HVL0 function which is determined by at least one sampling point, i.e. by loudness scaling at a minimum of one frequency.
  6. Method according to claim 5, characterised in that the HVL0 function is modelled by the equation L0 = aL · HV + bL · log (HV) + VPconstL, where
    L0: auditory threshold: sound level for a loudness perception = 0,
    HV: hearing loss in dB,
    aL, bL: constant function parameter, and
    VPconstL: individual function parameter which adapts the HVL0 function to the auditory level of the sampling points L01, L02, L03,...
    and that VPconstL is determined on the basis of one, preferably of three loudness scalings at three different frequencies.
  7. Method according to one or several of the claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the hearing loss is used to determine the frequencies at which loudness scaling is performed.
  8. Method according to one or several of the claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the value of the weighted factors depends on the assumed and/or determined accuracy of the loudness scaling data.
  9. Method according to claim 5, characterised by the selection of a value 2/3 for the first factor and of a value 1/3 for the second factor.
EP01916843A 2001-04-10 2001-04-10 Method for adjustment of a hearing aid to suit an individual Expired - Lifetime EP1290914B1 (en)

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