EP1285756B1 - Procedure and printing machine for determining register errors - Google Patents

Procedure and printing machine for determining register errors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1285756B1
EP1285756B1 EP02006038A EP02006038A EP1285756B1 EP 1285756 B1 EP1285756 B1 EP 1285756B1 EP 02006038 A EP02006038 A EP 02006038A EP 02006038 A EP02006038 A EP 02006038A EP 1285756 B1 EP1285756 B1 EP 1285756B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet
printing
registration
conveyor belt
registration mark
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP02006038A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1285756A1 (en
Inventor
Ingo Klaus Michael Dreher
Heiko Hunold
Patrick Dr. Metzler
Stefan Schrader
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Publication of EP1285756A1 publication Critical patent/EP1285756A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0081—Devices for scanning register marks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
    • B41P2233/00—Arrangements for the operation of printing presses
    • B41P2233/50—Marks on printed material
    • B41P2233/52—Marks on printed material for registering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to claim 1 and to a printing machine for applying the method according to claim 3.
  • the correct position printing of the printed image on the sheets is of considerable importance. This feature is referred to by the term registering.
  • register marks are used in addition to the printed image, by means of which deviations from the correct printing are detected and measured by the operator of the printing press.
  • the registration is determined and calculated by means of sensors in the printing press. For this purpose, the sensors detect the register marks on the conveyor belt or the sheet and determine by means of the position of the register marks, whether the printing takes place without errors.
  • the prior art methods and devices detect and correct errors caused by mechanical displacements of the sheets on the conveyor or conveyor belt. Furthermore, there are errors caused by the speed of the conveyor belt being different from the speed of the sheet on the conveyor belt. This effect stems from the fact that the conveyor belt is not straight at all points, especially in the printing modules, straight, but curvilinear by the pressing of rollers on the conveyor belt. The speed at the surface of the sheet is higher than the speed at the surface of the conveyor belt. Therefore, the surface of the sheet at the curved locations travels a longer distance per time than the surface of the conveyor belt. However, the distances traveled after which the image is applied to the sheet are determined by a certain time, which elapses during the movement of the conveyor belt between a sensor signal and a printing module.
  • the object of the invention is therefore the one described above To determine register errors. Another object of the invention is to correct the detected error.
  • the objects of the invention are achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a printing machine according to claim 3. Advantageous embodiments are listed in the subclaims.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a pressure roller 27 of a printing machine, which exerts a force F from below on a conveyor belt 1 of the printing press.
  • the pressure roller 27 is mounted and can exert a variable force F on the conveyor belt 1.
  • the conveyor belt 1 moves at a certain speed in the direction of the arrow and moves the pressure roller 27 by frictional engagement.
  • the conveyor belt 1 is shown in Fig. 1 ideally almost without spatial thickness expansion, the speed at the top of the conveyor belt 1 is actually higher than at the bottom, the speed difference with the thickness of the conveyor belt 1 increases. This effect can be explained by the curvature of the course of the conveyor belt 1 along the pressure roller 27.
  • a point on the top of the conveyor belt 1 is farther from the center of the pressure roller 27 than a point on the underside of the conveyor belt 1.
  • the speed at the top of the conveyor belt 1 is defined by v 2 .
  • On the conveyor belt 1 is a sheet 3 of paper, which is conveyed by the conveyor belt 1.
  • the sheet 3 is to a small extent the own weight and the greater part by electrostatic charge of the conveyor belt 1 held on this.
  • the surface of the sheet 3 moves at a speed v 1 in the direction of the arrow, v 1 being unequal to v 2 .
  • the speed of the sheet 3 increases with increasing distance from the center of the pressure roller 27 and thus changes with increasing thickness of the sheet 3.
  • the time of printing the sheet 3 by a printing cylinder or intermediate cylinder 25 above the sheet third is adapted to the speed v 2 of the surface of the pressure roller 27. Since the speed v 1 at the surface of the sheet 3 is not equal to v 2 , the printing on the surface of the sheet 3 is not timely, but delayed by the way that the surface of the sheet 3 travels more than the surface of the sheet 3 due to the different speeds This means that the greater the deviation of the two velocities v 1 and v 2 from one another, the greater the shift of the printed image on the sheet 3. Fig.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a section of a conveyor belt 1, which moves in the direction of the arrow at the speed v 2 .
  • a sheet 3 On the conveyor belt 1 is a sheet 3, which is held by electrostatic forces on the conveyor belt 1 substantially. With reference to Fig. 1, the sheet 3 moves at a higher speed v 1 than the conveyor belt 1, since the conveyor belt 1 and the sheet 3 have a curvature.
  • the term color separation is defined as one of the colors to be applied by the individual printing modules, which form the colorful overall picture, for example the color separations in four-color printing cyan, magenta, key and yellow.
  • a register mark 5 is applied to the conveyor belt 1 and to the sheet 3, adjacent to the register mark 5, a register mark 6, for example, in a first printing module.
  • the first printing module is the printing module for the color black, so that the register marks 5, 6 are used for setting and determining the registration of the black color separation of a printed image on the sheet 3. Additional printing modules each bring further register marks for further color separations on the sheet 3 and on the conveyor belt 1, which in this case not are shown.
  • the distance between the front edge of the register mark 5 and the front edge of the register mark 6 is d IST .
  • the distance d IST is determined by means of a second sensor 13 behind the printing modules, ie after all register marks have been applied to the sheet 3 and to the conveyor belt 1 for all color separations present.
  • the distance d IST is not equal to a distance d SOLL that would be determined without the sheet 3 if the register mark 6 were applied to the conveyor belt 1.
  • the distance d SOLL is determined in an ordinary calibration run, in which the register marks 5, 6 are applied to the conveyor belt 1. From the difference DIFF d between the detected distance d is the register marks 5, 6 of the register error for the color separation of the color black determined for the black color separation and the target value, the distance d ref, which is present is stored.
  • the distances d IST , d READ and d DIFF are present as specific cycle numbers, which can be converted into lengths with the aid of the speed of the conveyor belt 1.
  • the distance measurements between the register marks 5, 6 by means of the clock counter 20 lead to a sensitivity in the micrometer range.
  • the length difference d DIFF represented in cycle numbers is stored and used to calculate a correction factor represented by a clock number.
  • the correction factor serves to adjust the imaging by an imaging device 22 in such a way that the printing image is applied to it without errors irrespective of the presence of the sheet 3 and variable thicknesses of the sheet 3.
  • the correction factor affects signals to the imaging device 22 to apply images to an imaging cylinder 23, as described in detail below with reference to FIG.
  • the imaging by the imaging device 22 is previously performed for a certain time depending on the number of cycles of the correction factor is and the surface to be printed of the sheet 3 moves faster under the printing modules.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a printing module above a conveyor belt 1, which moves in the direction of the straight arrow.
  • the conveyor belt 1 is driven by a drive on the second deflection roller 14 and conveys sheet 3 through the printing press.
  • Between the second guide roller 14 and the first guide roller 16 usually further rollers are arranged, which are not shown in Fig. 3.
  • a first sensor 12 detects the leading edge of the sheet 3 and transmits a signal to a clock counter 20, which is connected to a correction device 30.
  • the clock counter 20 transmits after a certain predetermined number of clocks a signal to the imaging device 22, which transmits an image on a Beggungszylinder 23 due to the signal.
  • the image is transferred to an intermediate cylinder 25, which rotates in the opposite direction to the imaging cylinder 23, and printed by the intermediate cylinder 25 by rolling the intermediate cylinder 25 on the sheet 3.
  • the intermediate cylinder 25 exerts a force on the conveyor belt 1 from above, a pressure roller 27 exerts an opposing force on the conveyor belt 1 from below.
  • the imaging cylinder 23, the intermediate cylinder 25, the first deflection roller 16 and the pressure roller 27 are driven by frictional engagement with the conveyor belt 1, which is driven by the drive on the second deflection roller 14.
  • the imaging cylinder 23 and the intermediate cylinder 25 have a first encoder 24 and a second encoder 26, respectively, which determine the angle of rotation of the imaging cylinder 23 and the intermediate cylinder 25, respectively, and thus enable determination of the position thereof.
  • the imaging by the imaging device 22 triggered by the clock counter 20 as a consequence of the signal transmitted by the first sensor 12 takes place precisely at a point in time that the image is transferred from the imaging cylinder 23 via the intermediate cylinder 25 to the sheet 3 with micrometer precision.
  • the time which elapses from the imaging of the imaging cylinder 23 to the application of the image to the sheet 3 is referred to as a delay time.
  • image here includes individual image lines, image areas and images of color separations. Color separations are the final overall picture on the sheet 3 together. The effect described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, caused by the sheet 3, however, leads to errors, the image is not applied to the desired location on the sheet 3.
  • the cycle counter 20 counts a cycle number between the detection of the front edge of the register mark 5 and the front edge of the register mark 6 and transmits the cycle number to the correction device 30, wherein from the cycle number and the known speed of the conveyor belt 1, a distance d IST between the front edge of the register mark. 5 and the leading edge of the register mark 6 is calculable.
  • a desired value of the distance d SOLL of the front edge of the register mark 5 from the front edge of the register mark 6 is also stored as a corresponding number of cycles. From the calculated actual distance D and the stored nominal value of the distance d ref, a difference d DIFF formed as a correction value.
  • the above calibration procedure is performed several times, averaging the obtained correction values to a final correction value.
  • the final correction value is added in the correction device 30 to a delay value corresponding to the delay time.
  • a corrected delay value is present in the clock counter 20 which corresponds to the delay value modified by the final correction value and takes into account the influence of the register error described above.
  • the corrected delay values may be stored in the corrector 30 for various types of sheets 3. Before printing, the type of sheet 3 is input to a controller of the printing press, and the printing is carried out the corrected delay value associated therewith. In this way, the detection operation of the correction value and the calculation of the corrected delay value for correcting the above-described register error are saved for different types of sheets having different thicknesses.

Landscapes

  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Controlling Sheets Or Webs (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 sowie auf eine Druckmaschine zum Anwenden des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 3.
Bei der Bedruckung von Bogen von Papier oder ähnlichem durch Druckmaschinen ist das lagerichtige Drucken des Druckbildes auf die Bogen von erheblicher Bedeutung. Dieses Merkmal wird durch den Begriff Registerhaltigkeit bezeichnet. Zur Feststellung der Registerhaltigkeit werden außer dem aufgedruckten Bild Registermarken verwendet, durch welche Abweichungen vom lagerichtigen Druck vom Bediener der Druckmaschine festgestellt und ausgemessen werden. Bei einer Fortbildung dieses Verfahrens wird die Registerhaltigkeit mit Hilfe von Sensoren in der Druckmaschine festgestellt und berechnet. Hierzu erfassen die Sensoren die Registermarken auf dem Transportband oder dem Bogen und ermitteln mittels der Lage der Registermarken, ob die Bedruckung fehlerfrei stattfindet. Die Verfahren und Einrichtungen des Stands der Technik erfassen und korrigieren Fehler, die durch mechanische Verschiebungen der Bogen auf dem Transportband oder des Transportbands entstehen. Weiterhin bestehen Fehler, welche dadurch verursacht werden, dass sich die Geschwindigkeit des Transportbands von der Geschwindigkeit des Bogens auf dem Transportband unterscheidet. Dieser Effekt rührt daher, dass das Transportband nicht an allen Stellen, insbesondere bei den Druckmodulen, gerade verläuft, sondern durch das Anpressen von Rollen an das Transportband krummlinig verläuft. Die Geschwindigkeit an der Oberfläche des Bogens ist höher als die Geschwindigkeit an der Oberfläche des Transportbands. Daher legt die Oberfläche des Bogens an den gekrümmten Stellen einen längeren Weg je Zeit zurück als die Oberfläche des Transportbands. Die zurückgelegten Wege, nach denen das Bild auf den Bogen aufgebracht wird, sind jedoch durch eine bestimmte Zeit festgelegt, welche bei der Bewegung des Transportbands zwischen einem Sensorsignal und einem Druckmodul verstreicht. Daher entsteht bei den Druckmodulen, bei denen der aufliegende Bogen aufgrund des nichtgeraden Verlaufs des Transportbands und veränderlicher Bogendicken einen längeren Weg je Zeit zurücklegt, ein verschobenes Aufbringen des Druckbildes auf den Bogen. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist daher, den vorstehend beschriebenen Registerfehler zu ermitteln. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, den ermittelten Fehler zu korrigieren. Die Aufgaben der Erfindung werden durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und durch eine Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 3 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführt.The invention relates to a method according to claim 1 and to a printing machine for applying the method according to claim 3.
In the printing of sheets of paper or the like by printing machines, the correct position printing of the printed image on the sheets is of considerable importance. This feature is referred to by the term registering. In order to determine the registration, register marks are used in addition to the printed image, by means of which deviations from the correct printing are detected and measured by the operator of the printing press. In a further development of this method, the registration is determined and calculated by means of sensors in the printing press. For this purpose, the sensors detect the register marks on the conveyor belt or the sheet and determine by means of the position of the register marks, whether the printing takes place without errors. The prior art methods and devices detect and correct errors caused by mechanical displacements of the sheets on the conveyor or conveyor belt. Furthermore, there are errors caused by the speed of the conveyor belt being different from the speed of the sheet on the conveyor belt. This effect stems from the fact that the conveyor belt is not straight at all points, especially in the printing modules, straight, but curvilinear by the pressing of rollers on the conveyor belt. The speed at the surface of the sheet is higher than the speed at the surface of the conveyor belt. Therefore, the surface of the sheet at the curved locations travels a longer distance per time than the surface of the conveyor belt. However, the distances traveled after which the image is applied to the sheet are determined by a certain time, which elapses during the movement of the conveyor belt between a sensor signal and a printing module. Therefore arises in the printing modules in which the resting sheet travels a longer way per time due to the non-linear course of the conveyor belt and variable sheet thicknesses, a shifted application of the printed image on the sheet. The object of the invention is therefore the one described above To determine register errors. Another object of the invention is to correct the detected error. The objects of the invention are achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a printing machine according to claim 3. Advantageous embodiments are listed in the subclaims.

Nachfolgend ist die Erfindung in Bezug auf die Figuren detailliert beschrieben.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine Anpressrolle unter einem Transportband, um die Ursache des Registerfehlers im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung zu verdeutlichen,
Fig. 2
zeigt eine Draufsicht eines Transportbands mit einem Bogen mit Registermarken bezüglich der Erfindung,
Fig. 3
zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einrichtung mit einem Teil eines Druckmoduls einer Druckmaschine bezüglich der Erfindung.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures.
Fig. 1
shows a pressure roller under a conveyor belt to illustrate the cause of the register error in connection with the invention,
Fig. 2
shows a plan view of a conveyor belt with a register register marks with respect to the invention,
Fig. 3
shows an embodiment of a device with a part of a printing module of a printing press with respect to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Ansicht einer Anpressrolle 27 einer Druckmaschine, die von unten eine Kraft F auf ein Transportband 1 der Druckmaschine ausübt. Die Anpressrolle 27 ist gelagert und kann eine veränderliche Kraft F auf das Transportband 1 ausüben. Das Transportband 1 bewegt sich mit einer bestimmten Geschwindigkeit in Richtung des Pfeils und bewegt die Anpressrolle 27 durch Reibschluss. Das Transportband 1 ist in Fig. 1 ideal nahezu ohne räumliche Dickenausdehnung dargestellt, die Geschwindigkeit an der Oberseite des Transportbands 1 ist tatsächlich höher als an der Unterseite, wobei die Geschwindigkeitsdifferenz mit der Dicke des Transportbands 1 zunimmt. Dieser Effekt ist durch die Krümmung des Verlaufs des Transportbands 1 entlang der Anpressrolle 27 erklärbar. Wie leicht verständlich, ist die Geschwindigkeit eines Punktes um so höher, je entfernter der Punkt von der Drehachse der Anpressrolle 27 ist. Ein Punkt an der Oberseite des Transportbands 1 ist vom Mittelpunkt der Anpressrolle 27 weiter entfernt als ein Punkt an der Unterseite des Transportbands 1. Die Geschwindigkeit an der Oberseite des Transportbands 1 ist mit v 2 definiert. Auf dem Transportband 1 befindet sich ein Bogen 3 von Papier, der vom Transportband 1 befördert wird. Der Bogen 3 wird zu einem geringen Anteil durch die eigene Gewichtskraft und zum größeren Teil durch elektrostatische Aufladung des Transportbandes 1 an diesem festgehalten. Die Oberfläche des Bogens 3 bewegt sich mit einer Geschwindigkeit v 1 in Richtung des Pfeils, wobei v 1 ungleich v 2 ist. Ähnlich wie vorstehend beschrieben, erhöht sich die Geschwindigkeit des Bogens 3 mit zunehmendem Abstand vom Mittelpunkt der Anpressrolle 27 und verändert sich folglich mit zunehmender Dicke des Bogens 3. Angenommen, der Zeitpunkt der Bedruckung des Bogens 3 durch einen Bedruckzylinder oder Zwischenzylinder 25 oberhalb des Bogens 3 ist an die Geschwindigkeit v 2 der Oberfläche der Anpressrolle 27 angepasst. Da die Geschwindigkeit v 1 an der Oberfläche des Bogens 3 ungleich v 2 ist, erfolgt die Bedruckung auf die Oberfläche des Bogens 3 nicht rechtzeitig, sondern um den Weg verzögert, den die Oberfläche des Bogens 3 aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten mehr zurücklegt als die Oberfläche des Transportbands 1. Dies bedeutet, je größer die Abweichung der beiden Geschwindigkeiten v 1 und v 2 zueinander ist, desto größer ist die Verschiebung des Druckbildes auf dem Bogen 3.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Transportbands 1, das sich in Richtung des Pfeils mit der Geschwindigkeit v 2 bewegt. Auf dem Transportband 1 befindet sich ein Bogen 3, der im Wesentlichen durch elektrostatische Kräfte auf dem Transportband 1 festgehalten wird. Mit Bezugnahme auf Fig. 1 bewegt sich der Bogen 3 mit einer höheren Geschwindigkeit v 1 als das Transportband 1, da das Transportband 1 und der Bogen 3 eine Krümmung aufweisen. Angenommen sei ein Kalibrierungslauf der Druckmaschine zum Einstellen der Registerhaltigkeit der Farbauszüge aufeinander. Der Begriff Farbauszug ist bei dieser Beschreibung definiert als eine der von den einzelnen Druckmodulen aufzubringenden Farben, die sich zum bunten Gesamtbild zusammensetzen, beispielsweise die Farbauszüge beim Vierfarbdruck Cyan, Magenta, Key und Yellow. Zu diesem Zweck wird beispielhaft bei einem ersten Druckmodul eine Registermarke 5 auf das Transportband 1 und auf den Bogen 3, benachbart zur Registermarke 5, eine Registermarke 6 aufgebracht. Das erste Druckmodul sei das Druckmodul für die Farbe Schwarz, so dass die Registermarken 5, 6 zur Einstellung und Feststellung der Registerhaltigkeit des schwarzen Farbauszugs eines Bedruckbildes auf dem Bogen 3 dienen. Weitere Druckmodule bringen jeweils weitere Registermarken für weitere Farbauszüge auf den Bogen 3 und auf das Transportband 1 auf, die hierbei nicht dargestellt sind. Der Abstand zwischen dem Vorderrand der Registermarke 5 und dem Vorderrand der Registermarke 6 beträgt d IST . Ermittelt wird der Abstand d IST mittels eines zweiten Sensors 13 hinter den Druckmodulen, d.h. nachdem alle Registermarken auf den Bogen 3 und auf das Transportband 1 für alle vorliegenden Farbauszüge aufgebracht sind. Hierzu zählt ein Taktzähler 20 eine bestimmte Taktzahl als Folge der Sensorsignale des zweiten Sensors 13, wobei die bestimmte Taktzahl dem Abstand d IST zugeordnet ist. Der Abstand d IST ist wegen des vorstehend beschriebenen Effekts ungleich einem Abstand d SOLL , der ohne den Bogen 3 ermittelt würde, wenn die Registermarke 6 auf dem Transportband 1 aufgebracht wäre. Der Abstand d SOLL wird bei einem gewöhnlichen Kalibrierungslauf bestimmt, bei dem die Registermarken 5, 6 auf dem Transportband 1 aufgebracht sind. Aus der Differenz d DIFF zwischen dem ermittelten Abstand d IST der Registermarken 5, 6 für den Farbauszug Schwarz und dem Sollwert, dem Abstand d SOLL , der gespeichert vorliegt, wird der Registerfehler für den Farbauszug der Farbe Schwarz ermittelt. Die Abstände d IST , d SOLL und d DIFF liegen als bestimmte Taktzahlen vor, die mit Hilfe der Geschwindigkeit des Transportbands 1 in Längen umrechenbar sind. Die Abstandsmessungen zwischen den Registermarken 5, 6 mittels des Taktzählers 20 führen zu einer Empfindlichkeit im Mikrometerbereich. Die in Taktzahlen dargestellte Längendifferenz d DIFF wird gespeichert und dazu verwendet, einen durch eine Taktzahl dargestellten Korrekturfaktor zu berechnen. Der Korrekturfaktor dient dazu, die Bebilderung durch eine Bebilderungseinrichtung 22 derart anzupassen, dass das Bedruckbild unabhängig vom Vorhandensein des Bogens 3 und veränderlicher Dicken des Bogens 3 fehlerfrei auf diesen aufgebracht wird. Der Korrekturfaktor beeinflusst Signale für die Bebilderungseinrichtung 22 zum Aufbringen von Bildern auf einen Bebilderungszylinder 23, wie nachfolgend in Bezug auf Fig. 3 detailliert beschrieben. Im vorliegenden Fall wird die Bebilderung durch die Bebilderungseinrichtung 22 um eine gewisse Zeit, die von der Taktzahl des Korrekturfaktors abhängig ist, vorher durchgeführt, da die Geschwindigkeit v 1 an der Oberfläche des Bogens 3 höher als die Geschwindigkeit v 2 an der Oberfläche des Transportbands 1 ist und sich die zu bedruckende Oberfläche des Bogens 3 schneller unter den Druckmodulen fortbewegt.Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a pressure roller 27 of a printing machine, which exerts a force F from below on a conveyor belt 1 of the printing press. The pressure roller 27 is mounted and can exert a variable force F on the conveyor belt 1. The conveyor belt 1 moves at a certain speed in the direction of the arrow and moves the pressure roller 27 by frictional engagement. The conveyor belt 1 is shown in Fig. 1 ideally almost without spatial thickness expansion, the speed at the top of the conveyor belt 1 is actually higher than at the bottom, the speed difference with the thickness of the conveyor belt 1 increases. This effect can be explained by the curvature of the course of the conveyor belt 1 along the pressure roller 27. As can easily be understood, the farther the point from the axis of rotation of the pressure roller 27, the higher the speed of a point. A point on the top of the conveyor belt 1 is farther from the center of the pressure roller 27 than a point on the underside of the conveyor belt 1. The speed at the top of the conveyor belt 1 is defined by v 2 . On the conveyor belt 1 is a sheet 3 of paper, which is conveyed by the conveyor belt 1. The sheet 3 is to a small extent the own weight and the greater part by electrostatic charge of the conveyor belt 1 held on this. The surface of the sheet 3 moves at a speed v 1 in the direction of the arrow, v 1 being unequal to v 2 . Similarly, as described above, the speed of the sheet 3 increases with increasing distance from the center of the pressure roller 27 and thus changes with increasing thickness of the sheet 3. Suppose the time of printing the sheet 3 by a printing cylinder or intermediate cylinder 25 above the sheet third is adapted to the speed v 2 of the surface of the pressure roller 27. Since the speed v 1 at the surface of the sheet 3 is not equal to v 2 , the printing on the surface of the sheet 3 is not timely, but delayed by the way that the surface of the sheet 3 travels more than the surface of the sheet 3 due to the different speeds This means that the greater the deviation of the two velocities v 1 and v 2 from one another, the greater the shift of the printed image on the sheet 3.
Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a section of a conveyor belt 1, which moves in the direction of the arrow at the speed v 2 . On the conveyor belt 1 is a sheet 3, which is held by electrostatic forces on the conveyor belt 1 substantially. With reference to Fig. 1, the sheet 3 moves at a higher speed v 1 than the conveyor belt 1, since the conveyor belt 1 and the sheet 3 have a curvature. Let us assume a calibration run of the printing press to set the registration of the color separations on each other. In this description, the term color separation is defined as one of the colors to be applied by the individual printing modules, which form the colorful overall picture, for example the color separations in four-color printing cyan, magenta, key and yellow. For this purpose, a register mark 5 is applied to the conveyor belt 1 and to the sheet 3, adjacent to the register mark 5, a register mark 6, for example, in a first printing module. The first printing module is the printing module for the color black, so that the register marks 5, 6 are used for setting and determining the registration of the black color separation of a printed image on the sheet 3. Additional printing modules each bring further register marks for further color separations on the sheet 3 and on the conveyor belt 1, which in this case not are shown. The distance between the front edge of the register mark 5 and the front edge of the register mark 6 is d IST . The distance d IST is determined by means of a second sensor 13 behind the printing modules, ie after all register marks have been applied to the sheet 3 and to the conveyor belt 1 for all color separations present. This includes a clock counter 20 a certain number of cycles as a result of the sensor signals of the second sensor 13, wherein the specific number of cycles is assigned to the distance d IST . Because of the effect described above, the distance d IST is not equal to a distance d SOLL that would be determined without the sheet 3 if the register mark 6 were applied to the conveyor belt 1. The distance d SOLL is determined in an ordinary calibration run, in which the register marks 5, 6 are applied to the conveyor belt 1. From the difference DIFF d between the detected distance d is the register marks 5, 6 of the register error for the color separation of the color black determined for the black color separation and the target value, the distance d ref, which is present is stored. The distances d IST , d READ and d DIFF are present as specific cycle numbers, which can be converted into lengths with the aid of the speed of the conveyor belt 1. The distance measurements between the register marks 5, 6 by means of the clock counter 20 lead to a sensitivity in the micrometer range. The length difference d DIFF represented in cycle numbers is stored and used to calculate a correction factor represented by a clock number. The correction factor serves to adjust the imaging by an imaging device 22 in such a way that the printing image is applied to it without errors irrespective of the presence of the sheet 3 and variable thicknesses of the sheet 3. The correction factor affects signals to the imaging device 22 to apply images to an imaging cylinder 23, as described in detail below with reference to FIG. In the present case, since the speed v 1 at the surface of the sheet 3 is higher than the speed v 2 at the surface of the conveyor belt 1, the imaging by the imaging device 22 is previously performed for a certain time depending on the number of cycles of the correction factor is and the surface to be printed of the sheet 3 moves faster under the printing modules.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Blockdarstellung eines Druckmoduls oberhalb eines Transportbands 1, das sich in Richtung des geraden Pfeils bewegt. Das Transportband 1 wird durch einen Antrieb an der zweiten Umlenkrolle 14 angetrieben und befördert Bogen 3 durch die Druckmaschine. Zwischen der zweiten Umlenkrolle 14 und der ersten Umlenkrolle 16 sind gewöhnlich weitere Rollen angeordnet, die in Fig. 3 nicht dargestellt sind. Ein erster Sensor 12 erfasst die Vorderkante des Bogens 3 und überträgt ein Signal an einen Taktzähler 20, der mit einer Korrektureinrichtung 30 verbunden ist. Der Taktzähler 20 überträgt nach einer bestimmten vorgegebenen Anzahl von Takten ein Signal an die Bebilderungseinrichtung 22, welche aufgrund des Signals ein Bild auf einen Bebilderungszylinder 23 überträgt. Das Bild wird auf einen Zwischenzylinder 25 übertragen, der sich gegenläufig zum Bebilderungszylinder 23 dreht, und vom Zwischenzylinder 25 durch Abrollen des Zwischenzylinders 25 auf den Bogen 3 gedruckt. Der Zwischenzylinder 25 übt von oben eine Kraft auf das Transportband 1 aus, eine Anpressrolle 27 übt von unten eine entgegengesetzte Kraft auf das Transportband 1 aus. Der Bebilderungszylinder 23, der Zwischenzylinder 25, die erste Umlenkrolle 16 und die Anpressrolle 27 sind durch Reibschluss mit dem Transportband 1 angetrieben, das vom Antrieb an der zweiten Umlenkrolle 14 angetrieben ist. Der Bebilderungszylinder 23 und der Zwischenzylinder 25 weisen einen ersten Enkoder 24 bzw. einen zweiten Enkoder 26 auf, welche den Drehwinkel des Bebilderungszylinders 23 bzw. des Zwischenzylinders 25 bestimmen und auf diese Weise die Bestimmung der Position von diesen ermöglichen. Die vom Taktzähler 20 als Folge auf das vom ersten Sensor 12 übertragene Signal ausgelöste Bebilderung durch die Bebilderungseinrichtung 22 erfolgt genau zu einem Zeitpunkt, dass das Bild vom Bebilderungszylinder 23 über den Zwischenzylinder 25 auf den Bogen 3 mikrometergenau übertragen wird. Die Zeit, welche von der Bebilderung des Bebilderungszylinders 23 bis zum Aufbringen des Bildes auf den Bogen 3 verstreicht, wird als Verzögerungszeit bezeichnet. Der Begriff Bild umfasst hierbei einzelne Bildzeilen, Bildbereiche und Bilder von Farbauszügen. Farbauszüge setzen sich zum letztlichen Gesamtbild auf dem Bogen 3 zusammen. Der in Bezug auf die Fig. 1 und 2 beschriebene, vom Bogen 3 verursachte Effekt, führt jedoch zu Fehlern, das Bild wird nicht auf die gewünschte Stelle auf dem Bogen 3 aufgebracht. Um diesen Fehler zu beseitigen, ist vor dem Druckvorgang ein Kalibrierungslauf vorgesehen, der zweckmäßig mit anderen Kalibrierungsläufen verbunden ist, und bei dem von den Druckmodulen ein Registermarkenmuster ähnlich dem der Fig. 2 mit einer Registermarke 5 je Farbauszug auf dem Transportband 1 und einer Registermarke 6 je Farbauszug auf dem Bogen 3 aufgebracht wird. Für einen Vierfarbdruck ergeben sich folglich vier Registermarken auf dem Transportband 1 und vier entsprechende Registermarken auf dem Bogen 3. Die Vorderränder der Registermarken 5, 6 werden von einem zweiten Sensor 13, der hinter den Druckmodulen angeordnet ist erfasst, der ein Signal an den Taktzähler 20 übermittelt. Der Taktzähler 20 zählt eine Taktzahl zwischen dem Erfassen des Vorderrands der Registermarke 5 und des Vorderrands der Registermarke 6 und überträgt die Taktzahl zu der Korrektureinrichtung 30, wobei aus der Taktzahl und der bekannten Geschwindigkeit des Transportbands 1 ein Abstand d IST zwischen dem Vorderrand der Registermarke 5 und dem Vorderrand der Registermarke 6 berechenbar ist. In der Korrektureinrichtung 30 ist außerdem ein Sollwert des Abstands d SOLL des Vorderrands der Registermarke 5 vom Vorderrand der Registermarke 6 als entsprechende Taktzahl gespeichert. Aus dem berechneten tatsächlichen Abstand d IST und dem gespeicherten Sollwert des Abstands d SOLL wird eine Differenz d DIFF als Korrekturwert gebildet. Das vorstehende Kalibrierungsverfahren wird mehrmals durchgeführt, wobei die erhaltenen Korrekturwerte zu einem letzlichen Korrekturwert gemittelt werden. Der letztliche Korrekturwert wird in der Korrektureinrichtung 30 zu einem der Verzögerungszeit entsprechenden Verzögerungswert addiert. Nun liegt im Taktzähler 20 ein korrigierter Verzögerungswert vor, der dem um den letztlichen Korrekturwert veränderten Verzögerungswert entspricht und den Einfluss des vorstehend beschriebenen Registerfehlers berücksichtigt. Beim Druck wird die Bebilderung von der Bebilderungseinrichtung 22 mit der Taktzahl des korrigierten Verzögerungswerts ab dem Sensorsignal des ersten Sensors 12 durchgeführt, da der Taktzähler 20 nun die Anzahl von Takten zählt, welche dem korrigierten Verzögerungswert entspricht, der sich aus dem ursprünglichen Verzögerungswert und dem letztlichen Korrekturwert zusammensetzt. Die korrigierten Verzögerungswerte können in der Korrektureinrichtung 30 für verschiedene Arten von Bogen 3 gespeichert werden. Vor einem Druck wird die Art von Bogen 3 in eine Steuerungseinrichtung der Druckmaschine eingegeben und der Druck wird mit dem diesem zugeordneten korrigierten Verzögerungswert durchgeführt. Auf diese Weise wird der Ermittlungsvorgang des Korrekturwertes und das Berechnen des korrigierten Verzögerungswertes zum Korrigieren des vorstehend beschriebenen Registerfehlers für unterschiedliche Bogenarten mit verschiedenen Dicken eingespart.Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a printing module above a conveyor belt 1, which moves in the direction of the straight arrow. The conveyor belt 1 is driven by a drive on the second deflection roller 14 and conveys sheet 3 through the printing press. Between the second guide roller 14 and the first guide roller 16 usually further rollers are arranged, which are not shown in Fig. 3. A first sensor 12 detects the leading edge of the sheet 3 and transmits a signal to a clock counter 20, which is connected to a correction device 30. The clock counter 20 transmits after a certain predetermined number of clocks a signal to the imaging device 22, which transmits an image on a Bebilderungszylinder 23 due to the signal. The image is transferred to an intermediate cylinder 25, which rotates in the opposite direction to the imaging cylinder 23, and printed by the intermediate cylinder 25 by rolling the intermediate cylinder 25 on the sheet 3. The intermediate cylinder 25 exerts a force on the conveyor belt 1 from above, a pressure roller 27 exerts an opposing force on the conveyor belt 1 from below. The imaging cylinder 23, the intermediate cylinder 25, the first deflection roller 16 and the pressure roller 27 are driven by frictional engagement with the conveyor belt 1, which is driven by the drive on the second deflection roller 14. The imaging cylinder 23 and the intermediate cylinder 25 have a first encoder 24 and a second encoder 26, respectively, which determine the angle of rotation of the imaging cylinder 23 and the intermediate cylinder 25, respectively, and thus enable determination of the position thereof. The imaging by the imaging device 22 triggered by the clock counter 20 as a consequence of the signal transmitted by the first sensor 12 takes place precisely at a point in time that the image is transferred from the imaging cylinder 23 via the intermediate cylinder 25 to the sheet 3 with micrometer precision. The time which elapses from the imaging of the imaging cylinder 23 to the application of the image to the sheet 3 is referred to as a delay time. The term image here includes individual image lines, image areas and images of color separations. Color separations are the final overall picture on the sheet 3 together. The effect described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, caused by the sheet 3, however, leads to errors, the image is not applied to the desired location on the sheet 3. To eliminate this error, it is ready before printing Calibration run provided, which is conveniently connected to other calibration runs, and in which of the printing modules a register mark pattern similar to that of FIG. 2 with a register mark 5 per color separation on the conveyor belt 1 and a register mark 6 per color separation on the sheet 3 is applied. For four-color printing, there are consequently four register marks on the conveyor belt 1 and four corresponding register marks on the sheet 3. The front edges of the register marks 5, 6 are detected by a second sensor 13, which is arranged behind the printing modules, which sends a signal to the clock counter 20 transmitted. The cycle counter 20 counts a cycle number between the detection of the front edge of the register mark 5 and the front edge of the register mark 6 and transmits the cycle number to the correction device 30, wherein from the cycle number and the known speed of the conveyor belt 1, a distance d IST between the front edge of the register mark. 5 and the leading edge of the register mark 6 is calculable. In the correction device 30, a desired value of the distance d SOLL of the front edge of the register mark 5 from the front edge of the register mark 6 is also stored as a corresponding number of cycles. From the calculated actual distance D and the stored nominal value of the distance d ref, a difference d DIFF formed as a correction value. The above calibration procedure is performed several times, averaging the obtained correction values to a final correction value. The final correction value is added in the correction device 30 to a delay value corresponding to the delay time. Now, a corrected delay value is present in the clock counter 20 which corresponds to the delay value modified by the final correction value and takes into account the influence of the register error described above. When printing, the imaging of the imaging device 22 is performed with the clock number of the corrected delay value from the sensor signal of the first sensor 12, since the clock counter 20 now counts the number of clocks corresponding to the corrected delay value resulting from the original delay value and the final one Compensation value composed. The corrected delay values may be stored in the corrector 30 for various types of sheets 3. Before printing, the type of sheet 3 is input to a controller of the printing press, and the printing is carried out the corrected delay value associated therewith. In this way, the detection operation of the correction value and the calculation of the corrected delay value for correcting the above-described register error are saved for different types of sheets having different thicknesses.

Claims (5)

  1. Method of locating registration errors during the printing operation, said errors being caused by different velocities of a transport belt (1) and a sheet (3) being moved thereon, characterized by an application of at least one first registration mark (5) to the transport belt (1) and of at least one second registration mark (6) to the sheet (3), by a detection of the first registration mark (5) and of the second registration mark (6), by a computation of the distance between the first registration mark (5) and the second registration mark (6), and by a comparison of the distance with a setpoint value.
  2. Method as in Claim 1, characterized in that the sheet (3) is detected by a first sensor (12) upstream of printing modules, said sensor - when detecting the sheet (3) - generating a start signal to start a clock counter (20), that the registration marks (5, 6) are applied by the printing modules, and that the registration marks (5, 6) are detected by a second sensor (13) downstream of the printing modules, said sensor generating a stop signal to stop the clock counter.
  3. Printing machine for carrying out the method as in Claim 1, characterized by a device (10) for locating registration errors during the printing operation, said errors being caused by a velocity difference between a transport belt (1) and a sheet (3) being moved thereon, said device containing means for the application of at least one first registration mark (5) to the transport belt (1) and of at least one second registration mark (6) to the sheet (3), means for the detection of the first registration mark (5) and of the second registration mark (6), means for the computation of the distance between the first registration mark (5) and the second registration mark (6), and means for a comparison of the distance with a setpoint value.
  4. Printing machine as in Claim 3, characterized by a correction device (30) for the correction of the located registration error.
  5. Printing machine as in Claim 3 or 4, characterized by a first sensor (12) for the generation of a start signal to start a clock counter (20) when a sheet (3) is detected, by printing modules for the application of registration marks (5, 6), a second sensor (13) for the generation of a stop signal to stop the clock counter (20), and by a correction device (30) for the correction of registration errors caused by a velocity difference between a transport belt (1) and a sheet (3) being moved thereon.
EP02006038A 2001-08-22 2002-03-16 Procedure and printing machine for determining register errors Expired - Lifetime EP1285756B1 (en)

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DE10141034A DE10141034A1 (en) 2001-08-22 2001-08-22 Method and printing machine for determining register errors

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EP1285756A1 (en) 2003-02-26
DE10141034A1 (en) 2003-03-20
US6619209B2 (en) 2003-09-16
US20030037690A1 (en) 2003-02-27
JP2003094612A (en) 2003-04-03

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