EP1283671A1

EP1283671A1 - Combination of plant protective agents with polymers that form hydrogen bridges

Info

Publication number: EP1283671A1
Application number: EP01940406A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jean Kocur; Gerhard Frisch; Jochen Würtz; Udo Bickers; Erwin Hacker; Hans Philipp Huff; Gerhard Schnabel
Original assignee: Aventis CropScience GmbH
Current assignee: Bayer CropScience AG
Priority date: 2000-05-11
Filing date: 2001-05-05
Publication date: 2003-02-19
Also published as: US20020042345A1; MXPA02011049A; PL360614A1; CA2408219A1; DE10022990A1; JP2003532651A; AU7399301A; BR0110736A; WO2001084927A1; AR028431A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the combination of an agrochemical active substance, especially herbicides from the group of the sulfonyl ureas, with a polymer while forming hydrogen bridges for the controlled release of said active substance. The polymer and the active substance have functional groups that facilitate the formation of hydrogen bridges. The preferred polymers are polyvinyl alcohols or partially saponified polyvinyl acetates.

Description

Combination of crop protection products with polymers that form hydrogen bonds

The present invention relates to combinations of crop protection active ingredients with such oligomeric or polymeric auxiliary substances which form hydrogen bonds with suitable functional groups of the active ingredient and enable controlled release of an active ingredient. The combinations are able to increase culture selectivities and prevent antagonisms and give particularly good results with herbicides, in particular with mixtures of herbicides with growth regulators and safeners.

It is known that in the application of various agrochemical products, for example herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators, safeners or fertilizers, various application problems, ineffectiveness due to antagonistic interactions between two or more active substances, and a lack of so-called crop compatibility and associated undesirable plant damage can occur. It is also known that these phenomena can often be observed in the so-called foliar application, and in particular in particular in the case of herbicides or else the mixture of herbicides with safeners and / or growth regulators.

To avoid this, a so-called split application or an overdose of the antagonized active ingredient was recommended in the case of an antagonistic reduction. In the case of scarce selectivity or poor cultural compatibility, a split application can often also be used, alternatively there is the possibility of underdosing. However, all of these approaches are unattractive and uneconomical for various reasons. In the case of split application, the active substance formulation must be applied at least twice; that is time and labor intensive. If an active ingredient is overdosed, additional costs are incurred. In the event of an underdosage, there is a risk of reduced yield due to insufficient control of harmful organisms. US 5,428,000 discloses active ingredient compositions which have a herbicide for broad-leaved weeds and a herbicide for narrow-leaved weeds. The herbicide for narrow-leaf weeds is charge-neutral, the herbicide for broad-leaf weeds, on the other hand, is anionic in nature and is present in combination with a hydrophilic polymer, which is a copolymer formed from an ammonium-containing compound and a non-ammonium-containing compound. The ammonium-containing compound is generally derived from aromatic and non-aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, ammonium derivatives of acrylic acid and benzylammonium compounds. The polymers are therefore exclusively polymers which do not contain the quaternary nitrogen atom in the main polymer chain. The hydrophilic polymers used are exclusively copolymers of the type shown above. Sethoxydim, alloxidim, fluazifop, quizalofop or fenoxaprop are used as herbicides for narrow-leaf weeds, for broad-leaf weeds the use of bentazone, imazaquin, acifluorfen, fomesafen, chlorimuron, imazethapyr, thifensulfuron and 2,4-D is described.

DE 198 33 066 describes aqueous dispersions of polymers with cationic functionality and redispersible powders obtainable from the dispersions and their use, inter alia. described for delayed release for active substances of all kinds.

It is the object of the present invention to provide formulations of crop protection active substances which can be used to avoid split applications and the necessity of overdosing or underdosing.

This object is achieved by a combination of at least one agrochemical active substance, in particular a herbicide, with a polymer with the formation of electrostatic interaction in the form of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between these components for the controlled release of active substance. The polymer and the active ingredient have functional groups that enable the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between polymer and drug.

It has been found that problems such as scarce selectivity or poor cultural compatibility or reduced activity caused by antagonism can be avoided by combining certain polymers which can form hydrogen bonds with one or more agrochemical active substances.

Another object of the present invention is the application of the combination according to the invention for controlling unwanted harmful organisms, in particular undesired grasses and weeds.

The term "polymer" in the present invention encompasses both oligomers and polymers as well as homo- and copolymers or oligomers of the corresponding monomers, ie molecules with a low degree of polymerization as well as those with a high degree of polymerization. The molecular weights M _{N of} the compounds which can be used as polymers according to the invention are at least 500.

In the polymer-active ingredient combination according to the invention, the agrochemical active ingredient enters into an attractive, reversible intermolecular interaction with the polymer in whole or in part. These interactions are electrostatic interactions in the form of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The agrochemical active ingredient can be a single active ingredient that has partial selectivity. Alternatively, a type of active substance which has an antagonistic effect in an intended mixture of two active substances can also be brought into interaction with the polymer. Two or more active substances from a mixture of active substances can also be introduced into such an interaction.

The polymers used according to the invention can also be molecules which are surface-active. Because of their physico-chemical Properties can be dispersed, emulsified or dissolved in water and / or organic solvents. The polymers can preferably be dissolved, the preferred solvents being polar protic and polar aprotic organic solvents and water. It is most preferred if the polymers dissolve in water.

Polymers suitable for the combinations according to the invention preferably have the property of penetrating the harmful organism only slowly or not at all, which generally occurs, for example, via the leaf or the root. As a rule, the absorption or penetration rate of the polymers used according to the invention is between <0.01% and 80%, preferably well below 50% in 24 hours.

The polymers used according to the invention have functional groups in the molecule which can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with functional groups present in the molecules of the agrochemical active ingredient and which interact with the active ingredient in such a way that they release the active ingredient in a controlled manner to the plant to be treated therewith and / or allows the floor.

In order that hydrogen bonds can be formed between the polymers and the agrochemical active substance, the polymer and the active substance must have a sufficient number of functional groups which can serve as hydrogen donors and as hydrogen acceptors. The donor and acceptor function can be the same as is the case with the OH function. The donor and acceptor functions can also be of different chemical nature. It is possible in the context of the present invention that the donor function is on the polymer or the agrochemical active ingredient or on both. The same applies to the acceptor function.

Examples of functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds include the functions -OH, -NH ₂ , -NH-, - S0 ₂ NH-, - Sθ ₂ NH ₂ , - CONH-, -CθNH ₂ , -COOH,

-CθN < _f - N-, -N = N-, -N = C-θ-.

Other suitable functional groups are known to the person skilled in the art.

In general, the average molecular weight M _{N of} the polymers used according to the invention is from> 500, preferably from about 1,000 to 1,000,000. These polymers are homo- or copolymers, some can also be in oligomer form and are prepared in customary polymerization reactions, for example polyadditions, polycondensation, radical and ionic polymerizations and metal complex-catalyzed polymerizations. Modified natural polymers, for example polypeptides and polysaccharides, are also suitable.

Suitable polymers which have the above-mentioned functional groups suitable for the formation of hydrogen bonds are organic polymers, for example based on vinyl, acrylic and allyl monomers, and inorganic polymers, for example alkali silicates.

Examples of preferred polymers include polyvinyl alcohol, poly (meth) acrylic acid, poly (meth) acrylamide, polyamides of the type produced by condensation of diamines on dicarboxylic acids (nylon) and of the type produced by addition of lactams (Perlon), polymers of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids , for example of maleic acid, polymers of polyhydric unsaturated alcohols, for meadow from 1, 2-butenediol and 1, 4-butenediol, polyvinyl pyrrolidones (such as Luviskol ^® of BASF or PVP-K of ISP), polyvinyl acetate or partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates (such as those sold under the name Mowiol ^® products offered by Clariant), lignin sulfonates (for example of the type Ufoxan ^® , Borresperse ^® or Vanisperse ^® from Borregard / Norway, or of the type Reax ^® or Kraftsperse ^® from Westvaco), polysaccharides and alkyl polysaccharides (for example the APG series from Cognis ), Cellulose derivatives, for example Hydroxymethyl celluloses (available from Clariant), xanthan derivatives (e.g. Rhodopol ^® 23 from Rhodia or Kelzan ^® S from Kelco), polyols, e.g. polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, and block copolymers from polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol and their ethers (available from Clariant and BASF AG under the Pluronic ^® ), addition products of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol with polyvalent amines, for example with ethylenediamine (available from BASF under the name Tetronic ^® ), polycarbonates, polyaspartates, polystyrene sulfonates and sulfates, polyvinyl sulfates and phosphates. Other polymers having functional groups suitable for forming hydrogen bonds are known to the person skilled in the art. Generally, commercially available products will be used.

Agrochemical active substances which have functional groups and are suitable for the present invention can already be present in a form suitable for the combination according to the invention before formulation. However, it is also possible that these active ingredients are only converted into a suitable form during the formulation or the preparation of the so-called tank mixture.

Suitable active ingredients for use in the combinations according to the invention are preferably the agrochemical active ingredients which belong to the group of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, growth regulators, safeners, molluscicides, acaricides and nematicides.

Particularly suitable for combination with the hydrogen-bridging polymers used according to the invention are: herbicides, of which in particular acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors such as, for example, sulfonylureas and their salts, imidozolinones such as, for example, imazamox or imazethamethapyr or derivatives derived therefrom such as salts or esters; Bispyribac or its salts chloransulammethyl or its salts; Hydroxybenzonitriles such as bromoxynil and loxynil and their derivatives, in particular salts, bentazone, so-called aryloxyalkylcarboxylic acids and their salts and esters such as MCPA, 2,4-D, CMPP, 2,4-DP, 2,4-DB, so-called (hetero) -aryloxy-aryoxyalkylcarboxylic acids and their salts and esters, such as, for example, fenoxaprop-ethyl, dichlofop, clodinafop-propargyl, fluazifop acid, ester, HPPDO inhibitors, for example Mesotrione or sulcotrione, cydohexanedione oxime, for example sethoxidim, clethodim or trialkoxidim, carbamates, phenylureas, triazines, diquat, paraquat, glufosinates and glyphosate; Growth regulators or hormone-like substances such as indolylacetic acid or butyric acid or auxins; Safeners, such as, for example, mefenpyrdiethyl ester and 5,5-biphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid.

Most suitable for combination with the polymers used according to the invention are sulfonylureas of the formula (I) and their salts, for example Alkali metal salts or ammonium salts optionally containing organic substituents, most preferably Na, K, ammonium, tetralkylammonium, tetraalkylolammonium or monoalkylammonium salts.

R-SO ₂ -NH-C (O) -NR '(Het) (I)

In formula (I) R 'is hydrogen or a (-CC) -alkyl radical, preferably hydrogen or methyl,

R is a radical which is selected from the group consisting of the compounds corresponding to the formulas (Ia) to (If)

in which R ^{1 is} selected from the group consisting of -CO ₂ (CC ₁₀ alkyl), -C0 ₂ CH ₂ <^ 0, C0 ₂ ° _, -CO ₂ N (C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl),

S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl), CF ₃ , -O (C., - C ₁₀ alkyl), -OCH ₂ CHpi, CH ₂ CH ₂ CF ₃ , halogen, preferably Cl or F,

R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ independently of one another are H, CH ₃ , -OH, -O (-CC-alkyl),

-NH (Cι-Cιo-alkyl), -N (Cι-Cιo-alkyl) ₂ , NHCHO, -NHC0 ₂ (Cι-Cιo-alkyl),

-CH ₂ NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , halogen, preferably F, Cl, Br or I,

Het for a compound of formula (Ig)

in which R ⁵ , R ⁶ independently of one another are halogen, preferably F or Cl, -O (-CC ₄ -

Alkyl), C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, -NH (C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl), -N (C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) ₂ , -OCH ₂ CF ₃ ,

-OCHCI ₂ are, and

Z represents N or a CH group.

Of course, the corresponding derivatives known to the person skilled in the art as suitable for use, such as acids, esters or salts of the active substances, can of course also be used in all of the above-mentioned agrochemical active substances.

The combinations according to the invention allow a reduction in the phytotoxic potential of active substances and a suppression of the antagonization of other active substances in mixtures with these. Active ingredients to be combined according to the invention can therefore be used together with other active ingredients or as the only active ingredient, optionally together with conventional additives and adjuvants. Examples of preferred combinations according to the invention are described below. In all of these combinations, the use of the active ingredients described above as particularly or most suitable is of course also preferred, even if this is not specifically mentioned. The agrochemical active substances combined with the polymers used according to the invention can be formulated with other active substances, which may also be combined with polymers according to the present invention, to form mixtures which give advantageous results.

In the combinations according to the invention, the weight ratio between polymer and active ingredient or active ingredients, depending on the molecular weight of the monomer and the active ingredient and on other physico-chemical parameters known to the person skilled in the art, is from 0.001: 1 to 1: 0.001, preferably 0.01: 1 to 1: 0.01, in particular 0.1: 1 to 1: 0.1.

The combined agrochemical active substances according to the invention also permit an increase in the compatibility with crops. Thus, when herbicides belonging to the group of sulfonylureas, in particular those of the formula (I), are applied, the crop tolerance can be increased by adding polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol derivatives such as e.g. partially significantly acetylated polyvinyl alcohol in a ratio of 0.01: 1 to 1: 0.01, preferably 0.1: 1 to 1: 0.1.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is represented by combinations in which an agrochemical active substance, such as a herbicide, is wholly or partly combined with a polymer according to the invention, and additionally contains at least one further agrochemical active substance, such as a herbicide or safener.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, herbicides are formulated with safeners and / or growth regulators in combination with the polymers, at least one of the agrochemical active compounds being wholly or partly combined with these polymers according to the invention.

Another preferred embodiment of the combinations according to the invention consists of mixtures of one or more graminicides with one or several herbicides which act against weeds, at least one of the agrochemical active compounds having been combined according to the invention. In a further preferred embodiment, one or more graminicides are mixed with a safener, at least one of the agrochemical active compounds having been wholly or partly combined according to the invention.

It is further preferred to combine one or more herbicides with a very fast mechanism of action with one or more herbicides with a relatively slow mechanism of action, at least one of the agrochemical active compounds having been wholly or partly combined according to the invention.

In many cases, the addition of adjuvants or adjuvant mixtures, for example oils, special solvents, surfactants or surfactant mixtures, is advantageous. In this context, adjuvants are to be understood as meaning additives to active substance / polymer combinations which are not themselves active, but which strengthen the properties of the active substance. Nonionic surfactants are suitable, for example those of the general formula RO (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n H, in which R is a (C ₁₀ -C ₂₂ ) fatty alcohol, tristyrylphenol, tributylphenol, (Cι-Cι) alkylphenol , Tridecyl alcohol, glyceride or castor oil-derived radical and n is an integer from 1 to 500, preferably from 3 to 200.

Such substances are for example available as Genapol ^® - Sapogenat® ^® - or Arkopal® ^® - series from Clariant GmbH and as Soprophor series from Rhodia GmbH. Also Block copolymers can be used based on ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide, for example, the compounds sold under the names Pluronics ^® or Tetronics® ^® by BASF AG.

Anionic or betaine surfactants can also be used. Examples of anionic surfactants include Ca-dodecylbenzyl sulfonate, succinates, phosphated, sulfated and sulfonated nonionic surfactants, such as those of the type mentioned above, and sorbitates, these anionic compounds with alkali, Alkaline earth or ammonium ions are neutralized. Such surfactants are available under the name Genapol ^® LRO (Clariant GmbH).

Betainic surfactants are available from Goldschmidt AG under the name Tegotain ^® .

Also suitable are cationic surfactants, for example those based on quaternary ammonium, phosphonium and tertiary sulfonium salts, for example Atlas ^® G3634 A from Uniquema.

The amount of surfactant is from 10 to 2,000 g / ha, preferably from 50 to 2,000 g / ha. The addition of nitrogen additions such as urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate or mixtures thereof is often advantageous.

Formulations with combinations according to the invention are described below by way of example.

Suitable polymers described above can be used together with ALS (acetolactate synthesis) inhibitors, preferably sulfonylureas of the formula (I), in order to increase the compatibility with crops, such as in crops of corn, wheat, barley, rice, soybeans, sugar beet or cotton.

If iodosulfuron methyl sodium (1.10 g / ha) is combined with a suitable polyvinyl alcohol or partially saponified polyvinyl acetate (for example of the types Mowiol ^® from Clariant GmbH) in a weight ratio of 0.1: 1 to 1: 0.1, the culture selectivity can be increased without that weed control suffers.

A possible antagonistic effect of anionic agrochemical active substances, in particular of herbicides, for example sulfonylureas or their salts, and hydroxybenzonitriles, for example bromoxynil and its salts and loxynil and its salts, or aryloxyalkylcarboxylic acids and their salts on graminicides, for example fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, can be reduced or avoided by using the polymers. For example, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (30 - 90 g / ha), iodosulfuronmethyl sodium (1 - 10 g / ha) and mefenpyrdiethyl (10 - 60 g / ha) are added to the active ingredient combination by adding suitable polymers, for example the above-mentioned polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol derivatives such as partially saponified polyvinyl acetate (eg Mowiol ^® 4-88), any antagonism is significantly reduced, the grass effect of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl is significantly improved. Such a combination is particularly suitable for controlling undesirable plant growth in wheat.

Preferred combinations and formulations according to the present invention are mentioned below.

To reduce the phytotoxic potential and increase the selectivity in crops such as wheat, rice and corn, ALS inhibitors, in particular sulfonylureas and their salts (for example iodosulfuron, metsulfuron or rimsulfuron) can be formulated with polyvinyl alcohols or partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates. Other substances that may optionally be present are safeners, other herbicides, adjuvants or fertilizers, for example ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, urea or ammonium nitrate.

To prevent any antagonistic effect on Graminieide, ALS inhibitors, in particular sulfonylureas and their salts (for example iodosulfuron, metsulfuron, tribenuron, thifensulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, bensulfuron or rimsulfuron) can be combined with polymers such as polyvinyl alcohols or partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate. These combinations can be mixed with graminicides, for example fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, diclofop-methyl, clodinafop-propargyl or clethodim. Other substances that may optionally be present are safeners, other herbicides, adjuvants or fertilizers, for example ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, urea or ammonium nitrate. The proportion of active ingredients in the different formulations can be varied within a wide range. For example, the formulations contain about 0.1 to 95% by weight of active ingredients, about 90-10% by weight of liquid or solid carriers and optionally up to 50% by weight, preferably 30% by weight of surface-active substances, the sum of all Shares should result in 100%.

The mixtures according to the invention with polymer, one or more active substances and the possible adjuvants and other auxiliaries can be present as a separate tank mixture, but also in other formulations.

Possible formulation options include:

Spray powder (WP), water-soluble powder (SP), suspension concentrates (SC) based on oil or water, water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), micro and macro emulsions (EW / ME) such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable solutions, suspension emulsions (SE), oil-miscible solutions, capsule suspensions (CS), dusts (DP), pickling agents, granules for spreading and soil application, granules (GR) in the form of micro , Spray, elevator and adsorption granules, water-dispersible granules (WDG), water-soluble granules (WSG), ULV formulations, microcapsules and waxes.

These individual types of formulation are known in principle and are described, for example, in: Winnacker-Küchler, "Chemical Technology", Volume 7, C. Hanser Verlag Munich, 4th Edition, 1986, Wade van Valkenburg, "Pesticide Formulations", Marcel Dekker, NY, 1973; K. Martens, "Spray Drying" Handbook, ^3rd Ed. 1979, G. Goodwin Ltd. London.

Formulation aids such as inert materials, surfactants, solvents and other additives are also known and are described, for example, in: Watkins, "Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers", 2 ^nd Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell NJ, HvOlphen, "Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry "; 2 ^nd Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, NY; C. Marsden, "Solvents Guide", ^2nd Ed., Interscience, NN. 1963; McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual, MC Publ. Corp., Ridgewood NJ; Sisley and Wood, "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents", Chem. Publ. Co. Inc., NN. 1964; Schönfeldt, "Interface-active ethylene oxide adducts", Wiss. Publishing company, Stuttgart 1976; Winnacker-Küchler, "Chemical Technology", Volume 7, C. Hanser Verlag Munich, 4th ed. 1986.

Spray powders are preparations which are uniformly dispersible in water and which, in addition to the combination according to the invention, contain, in addition to a diluent or inert substance, surfactants of an ionic and / or nonionic type (surfactants, dispersants), e.g. polyoxyethylated alkylphenols, polyoxyethylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylated fatty amines, fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, alkane sulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, sodium lignosulfonate, 2,2'-dinaphthylmethane-6,6'-disulfonic acid sodium, sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid sodium or also oleic acid sodium. To prepare the wettable powders, the active compounds are finely ground in conventional apparatus such as hammer mills, blower mills and air jet mills and mixed at the same time or subsequently with the formulation auxiliaries and the polymers used according to the invention.

Emulsifiable concentrates are obtained by dissolving the active ingredient in combination with polymer in an organic solvent, e.g. butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, xylene or even higher-boiling aromatics or hydrocarbons or mixtures of the organic solvents with the addition of one or more ionic and / or nonionic surfactants (emulsifiers ) manufactured. As emulsifiers may be used, for example: calcium alkylarylsulfonates such as Ca dodecylbenzenesulfonate, or nonionic emulsifiers such as alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, which are different phenolethoxylaten of para-alkyl, fatty acid, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide-ethylene oxide condensation products, alkyl polyethers, sorbitan esters such as sorbitan fatty acid esters or polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters such as polyoxyethylene , Dusts are obtained by grinding the active substance in combination with polymers which can be used according to the invention with finely divided solid substances, for example talc, natural clays such as kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite, or diatomaceous earth.

Suspension concentrates can be based on water or oil. They can be prepared, for example, by wet grinding using commercially available bead mills and, if appropriate, addition of surfactants, as already mentioned above for the other types of formulation.

Emulsions, e.g. Oil-in-water emulsions (EW) can be used, for example, with stirrers, colloid mills and / or static mixers using aqueous organic solvents and optionally surfactants, such as those e.g. already listed above for the other formulation types.

Granules can either be produced by spraying the active ingredient in combination with polymer which can be used according to the invention on adsorbable, granulated inert material or by applying the combination by means of adhesives, e.g. Sugar such as pentoses and hexoses or mineral oils, on the surface of carriers such as sand, kaolinite or granulated inert material. Suitable active ingredients can also be granulated in combination with the polymer which can be used according to the invention in the manner customary for the production of fertilizer granules, if desired in mixtures with fertilizers.

Water-dispersible granules are generally produced using the customary methods, such as spray drying, fluidized bed granulation, plate granulation, mixing with high-speed mixers and extrusion without solid inert material.

To prepare disk, fluidized bed, extruder and spray see for example processes in "Spray-Drying Handbook" ^3rd ed in 1979, G. Goodwin Ltd., London. JE Browning, "Agglomeration", Chemical and Engineering 1967, pages 147 ff; "Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook", ^5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York 1973, pp 8-57.

For further details on the formulation of crop protection agents, see, for example, GC Klingman, "Weed Control as a Science", John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, pages 81-96 and JD Freyer, SA Evans, "Weed Control Handbook", 5 ^th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1968, pages 101-103.

In addition, the formulations mentioned with the combinations according to the invention optionally contain the customary adhesives, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, penetrants, preservatives, antifreeze and solvents, fillers, carriers and dyes, defoamers, evaporation inhibitors and the pH -Value and agents influencing viscosity.

Based on these formulations, mixtures with other pesticidally active substances, such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and also antidots or safeners, fertilizers and / or growth regulators can be prepared, e.g. in the form of a finished formulation or for use as tank mixes.

The combinations according to the invention have excellent effectiveness. In the case of combining herbicides with polymers to give the combinations according to the invention, these have excellent herbicidal activity against a broad spectrum of economically important mono- and dicotyledonous harmful plants. Perennial weeds that are difficult to control and that sprout from seeds or rhizomes, rhizomes or other permanent organs are also well captured by the active ingredient combinations. It does not matter whether combinations according to the invention are applied using the pre-sowing, pre-emergence or post-emergence method. The combinations according to the invention are preferably applied to above-ground parts of plants. The combinations according to the invention are also suitable for the dessication of crop plants such as potatoes, cotton and sunflower. In the case of herbicidal active compounds, the combinations according to the invention can be used, for example, to control the following harmful plants:

Dicotyledon weeds of the genera Sinapis, Galium, Stellaria, Matricaria, Galinsoga, Chenopodium, Brassica, Urtica, Senecio, Amaranthus, Portulaca, Xanthium, Convolvulus, Ipomoea, Polygonum, Sesbania, Cirsium, Carduus, Sonchus, Solanum, Lamutil, Verumon, Verum Datura, Viola, Monochoria, Commalina, Sphenoclea, Aeschynomene, Heteranthera, Papaver, Euphorbia and Bidens.

Monocotyledonous weeds of the genera Avena, Alopecurus, Echinochloa, Setaria, Panicum, Digitaria, Poa, Eleusine, Brachiaria, Lolium, Bromus, Cyperus, Elytrigia, Sorphum, Apera and Scirpus.

If the herbicidal compositions comprising the combinations according to the invention are applied before germination, either the weed seedlings are prevented from emerging completely, or the weeds grow to the cotyledon stage, but then stop growing and finally die completely after three to four weeks ,

When these herbicidal compositions containing the combinations according to the invention are applied to the green parts of the plants in the post-emergence process, there is also a drastic growth stop rapidly after treatment. The weed plants remain in the growth stage at the time of application or die more or less quickly after a certain time, so that weed competition harmful to crop plants can be prevented very early and sustainably by the use of the new combinations according to the invention and also associated therewith quantitative and qualitative losses in yield.

Although these combinations according to the invention have excellent herbicidal activity against monocotyledonous and dicotyledon weeds, the crop is only insignificantly or not at all damaged. These effects allow, among other things, a reduction in the application rate, the control of a broader spectrum of weeds and grasses, the closing of gaps in activity, also with regard to resistant species, a faster and safer effect, a longer lasting effect, complete control of the harmful plants with only one or a few Applications, and an extension of the application period for several active ingredients present at the same time.

The properties mentioned are required in practical weed control in order to keep agricultural crops free of undesired competing plants and thus to secure and / or increase the yields qualitatively and quantitatively. The combinations according to the invention with regard to the properties described clearly exceed the technical standard.

In addition, the combinations according to the invention allow the control of otherwise resistant harmful plants in an excellent manner.

Because of their agrochemical properties, preferably herbicidal, plant growth regulatory and safener properties, the combinations according to the invention can also be used to control harmful plants in crops of known or still to be developed genetically modified plants. The transgenic plants are generally distinguished by special advantageous properties, for example resistance to certain pesticides, especially certain herbicides, resistance to plant diseases or pathogens of plant diseases such as certain insects or microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria or viruses. Other special properties relate, for example, to the crop in terms of quantity, quality, storability, composition and special ingredients. Transgenic plants with an increased starch content or altered starch quality or with a different fatty acid composition of the crop are known. Preference is given to using the combinations according to the invention in economically important transgenic crops of useful and ornamental plants, for example cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, millet, rice, manioc and corn or else crops of sugar beet, cotton, soybean, rape, potatoes , Tomato, pea and other vegetables as well as in citrus, kiwi and palm plantations.

The combinations according to the invention can preferably be used in herbicidal compositions in crops which are resistant to the phytotoxic effects of the herbicides or have been made resistant to genetic engineering.

Conventional ways of producing new plants which have modified properties in comparison to previously occurring plants are, for example, classic breeding methods and the generation of mutants. Alternatively, new plants with modified properties can be created using genetic engineering methods (see e.g. EP-A-0 221 044, EP-A-0 131 624). For example, several cases have been described

genetic modifications of crop plants in order to modify the starch synthesized in the plants (e.g. WO 92/11376, WO 92/14827, WO

91/19806), transgenic crop plants which are active against certain herbicides of type

Glufosinate (see e.g. EP-A-0 242 236, EP-A-0 242 246) or glyphosate (WO

92/00377) or the sulfonylureas (EP-A-0 257 993, US-A-5,013,659) are resistant to producing transgenic crop plants, for example cotton, with the ability to control Bacillius thuringiensis toxins (Bt toxins) which the plants have against Make pests resistant (EP-A-0 142 924, EP-A-0 193 259), transgenic crop plants with a modified fatty acid composition (WO

91/13972). In principle, numerous molecular biological techniques with which new transgenic plants with modified properties can be produced are known; see, for example, Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A. Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, or Winnacker "Gene und Klone", VCH Weinheim 2nd ed. 1996 or Christou, "Trends in Plant Science "1 (1996) 423-431.

For such genetic engineering manipulations, nucleic acid molecules can be introduced into plasmids which allow mutagenesis or a sequence change by recombination of DNA sequences. With the help of the standard methods mentioned above, e.g. Base exchanges made, partial sequences removed or natural or synthetic sequences added. To connect the DNA fragments to one another, adapters or linkers can be attached to the fragments.

The production of plant cells with a reduced activity of a gene product can be achieved, for example, by the expression of at least one corresponding antisense RNA, a sense RNA to achieve a cosuppression effect or the expression of at least one appropriately constructed ribozyme which specifically cleaves transcripts of the gene product mentioned above.

On the one hand, DNA molecules can be used that comprise the entire coding sequence of a gene product, including any flanking sequences that may be present, and on the other hand, DNA molecules that only comprise parts of the coding sequence, these parts having to be long enough to be able to encode Cells to cause an antisense effect. It is also possible to use DNA sequences which have a high degree of homology to the coding sequences of a gene product, but which are not completely identical.

When nucleic acid molecules are expressed in plants, the synthesized protein can be located in any compartment of the plant cell. Around but to achieve localization in a particular compartment, the coding region can be linked, for example, to DNA sequences which ensure localization in a particular compartment. Such sequences are known to the person skilled in the art (see, for example, Braun et al., EMBO J. 11 (1992), 3219-3227; Wolter et al., Proc. Natl. Aca. Sei. USA 85 (1988), 846-850; Sonnewald et al., Plant J. 1: 95-106 (1991).

The transgenic plant cells can be regenerated into whole plants using known techniques. The transgenic plants can in principle be plants of any plant species, i.e. both monocot and dicot plants.

Thus, transgenic plants are available which have changed properties due to overexpression, suppression or inhibition of homologous (= natural) genes or gene sequences or expression of heterologous (= foreign) genes or gene sequences.

The combinations according to the invention can preferably be used in transgenic crops which are resistant to herbicides from the group of the sulfonylureas, glufosinate-ammonium or glyphosate-isopropylammonium and analogous active compounds.

When the combinations according to the invention, in particular those which are in herbicidal compositions, are used in transgenic crops, in addition to the effects on harmful plants which can be observed in other crops, effects often occur which are specific for the application in the respective transgenic crop; for example, a modified or specially expanded weed spectrum that can be controlled; changed application rate that can be used for the application; preferably good miscibility or co-usability with those herbicides to which the transgenic culture is resistant; as well as influencing the growth and yield of the transgenic crop plants. The invention is now additionally explained in the following examples.

In all examples, seeds or rhizome pieces of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful and useful plants were placed in pots of 9-13 cm in diameter in sandy loam and covered with earth. The pots were kept in the greenhouse under optimal conditions. In the two- to three-leaf stage, i.e. about 3 weeks after the start of rearing, the test plants were treated with the combinations according to the invention in the form of aqueous dispersions or suspensions or emulsions and sprayed onto the green parts of the plant at a rate of water equivalent to 300 l / ha in different dosages. The pots were kept in the greenhouse under optimal conditions for further cultivation of the plants. The visual assessment of the damage to crops and harmful plants was carried out 2-3 weeks after the treatment.

example 1

Iodosulfuron methyl sodium salt (5 g / ha) was applied in combination with Mowiol ^® 4-88 (10 g / ha) on wheat and rice crops. Compared to the use of iodosulfuron methyl sodium salt (5 g / ha), an increased selectivity with low phytotoxicity was found with a comparable herbicidal effect.

Example 2

Iodosulfuron methyl sodium salt (5 g / ha) was combined with Mowiol ^® 4-88 (10 g / ha) and applied with Genapol ^® LRO (70%, 300 ml / ha) to wheat and rice crops. Compared to the use of iodosulfuron methyl sodium salt (5 g / ha) in a mixture with Genapol ^® LRO (70%, 300 ml / ha), an improved selectivity with low phytotoxicity with comparable herbicidal activity was observed. Example 3

Hussar ^® OF (1 l / ha) was combined with Mowiol ^® 4-88 (10g / ha) and applied to wheat and rice crops. Compared to the use of Hussar ^® OF (mixture of 8 g / ha iodosulfuronmethyl sodium salt, 64 g / ha fenoaxprop-p-ethyl and 24 g / ha mefenpyrdiethyl ether, origin: Aventis CropScience GmbH), an increased effect with greatly reduced phytotoxicity and better selectivity when stressed.

Example 4

Hussar ^® OF in an amount of 1 l / ha was combined with Mowiol ^® 4-88 (10 g / ha) and applied in a mixture with Genapol ^® LRO (70%, 300 ml / ha) to wheat and rice crops. In comparison to the use of Hussar ^® OF in an amount of 1 l / ha in a mixture with Genapol ^® LRO (70%, 300 ml / ha), an increased effect under stress with greatly reduced phytotoxicity was observed.

Example 5

Application of Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (60 g / ha in the form of Ricestar ^® ) and ethoxysulfuron (49 g / ha in the form of a WG 60) together with Mowiol ^® 4-88 (40 g / ha) leads to improved control of Weeds and grass weeds compared to the use of fenaxoprop-p-ethyl (60 g / ha in the form of Ricestar ^® ) and ethoxysulfuron (40 g / ha in the form of a WE 60), especially in stressful situations due to environmental influences.

Claims

claims

1. Combination of an agrochemical active ingredient with a polymer with the formation of electrostatic interaction in the form of intermolecular hydrogen bonds for the controlled release of this active ingredient, characterized in that the polymer and the active ingredient have functional groups which enable the formation of hydrogen bonds between the active ingredient and the polymer.

2. Combination according to claim 1, characterized in that the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, growth regulators, safeners, molluscicides, acaricides and nematicides, in particular from the group consisting of herbicides, growth regulators and safeners.

3. Combination according to claim 2, characterized in that the herbicides are selected from the group consisting of ALS inhibitors, such as. Sulfonylureas, hydroxybenzonitriles, preferably bromoxynil and loxynil, aryloxyalkylcarboxylic acids, preferably MCPA, 2,4-D, CMPP, 2,4-DP, 2,4-DB, and their salts (hetero) -aryloxy-aryoxyalkylcarboxylic acids, preferably fenoxaprop-ethyl, Dichlofop, Clodinafop-Propargyl, Fluazifop, and their derivatives in the form of acids and esters, HPPDO inhibitors, preferably mesotrione or sulfotrione, cydohexanedione oxime, preferably Sethoxidim, Clethodim and Trialkoxidim, carbamates, phenylureas, triazines, diquat, undosulfate, paraquatate, paraquatate, paraquat are selected from the group consisting of indolylacetic acid, butyric acid and auxins, and the safeners are selected from the group consisting of mefenpyrdiethyl ester and 5,5-biphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid, and their respective derivatives such as acid, esters and salts ,

4. Combination according to claim 3, characterized in that the sulfonylureas of the formula (I) or their salts are contained R-SO ₂ -NH-C (O) -NR '(Het) (I)

wherein R 'is hydrogen or a (-C-Cιo) alkyl radical, preferably hydrogen or

Is methyl,

R is a radical selected from the group consisting of the

Compounds corresponding to the formulas (la) to (If) in which R ^{1 is} selected from the group consisting of

-CO ₂ (CC ₁₀ alkyl), -C0 ₂ CH ₂ <θ,

S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl), CF ₃ , -O ^ -C ^ alkyl), -OCH ₂ CHpi, CH ₂ CH ₂ CF ₃ , halogen, preferably Cl or F,

R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ independently of one another are H, CH ₃ , -OH, -O (-CC-alkyl-alkyl), -NH (C ₁ -C -o-alkyl), -N (-C-Cιo-alkyl) ₂ , NHCHO, -NHCO ₂ (-CC ₂ alkyl), -CH ₂ NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , halogen, preferably F, Cl, Br or I,

Het for a compound of the formula

in the R ⁵ , R ⁶ , independently of one another halogen, preferably F or Cl, -O (d- C- ₄ -alkyl), -C-C ₄ -alkyl, -NH (Cι-C -alkyl), -N (Cι -C ₄ alkyl) ₂ , -OCH ₂ CF ₃ , -OCHCI ₂ , and Z represents N or a CH group.

5. Combination according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the polymer is soluble, dispersible or emulsifiable in water and / or organic solvents, preferably soluble in polar protic and / or polar aprotic organic solvents and / or water, preferably is soluble in water and has an absorption or penetration rate of <50% in 24 hours.

6. Combination according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the molecular weight of the polymer is at values of about> 500, preferably about 1,000 to 1,000,000 and this in a weight ratio to the active ingredient of about 0.001: 1 to about 1: 0.001, preferably 0.01: 1 to 1: 0.01, most preferably 0.1: 1 to 1: 0.1.

7. Combination according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the functional groups suitable for forming hydrogen bonds on the polymer and the active ingredient are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of

-OH, "NH ₂ , -NH-, - Sθ ₂ NH-, - S0 ₂ NH ₂ , -CONH-, -CθNH ₂ , -COOH,

- C0N < _f = N-, -N = N-, -N = C-θ ₇

8. Combination according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polymers based on vinyl, acrylic and allyl monomers and alkali silicates, preferably from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, poly (meth) acrylic acid, poly (meth) acrylamide, polyamides of both the type produced by condensation of diamines on dicarboxylic acids and of the type produced by addition of lactams, polymers of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, preferably maleic acid, polymers of polyhydric unsaturated alcohols, preferably of 1, 2-butenediol and 1, 4-butenediol, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyvinyl acetates and partially saponified polyvinyl acetates, polysaccharides and alkyl polysaccharides, preferably hydroxymethyl celluloses, xanthene derivatives, polyols, preferably polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol and block copolymers of add-on glycol glycol and ethylenes, and polyethylene glycol and their polymers Propylene glycol on polyvalent amines, preferably on ethylenediamine, polycarbonates, polyaspartates, polystyrene sulfonates and sulfates, polyvinyl sulfates and phosphates.

9. Formulation comprising a combination according to one of claims 1 to 8 and at least one further constituent from the group consisting of further agrochemical active ingredients, surfactants, fertilizers and customary adjuvants.

10. Formulation according to claim 9, characterized in that a combination of a herbicide, a safener and / or a growth regulator is present with a polymer.

11.Use of a combination according to one of claims 1 to 8 or a formulation according to claim 9 or 10 for the suppression of antagonistic interactions in the application of agrochemical active compounds for controlling harmful plants.

12. Use of a combination according to one of claims 1 to 8 or a formulation according to claim 9 or 10 to increase the crop selectivity when applying one or more agrochemical active compounds for controlling harmful plants.

13. A method for controlling harmful organisms, in particular harmful plants, characterized in that a combination according to one of claims 1 to 8 or a formulation according to claim 9 or 10 is applied.

4. A process for the preparation of a combination according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or a formulation according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the active ingredient is combined with a suitable polymer by customary methods known per se, preferably dissolving, stirring or mixing, and this combination is optionally introduced into the formulation with further active ingredients, adjuvants and additives.