EP1279797B1 - Kipphebelmechanismus für die Ventilbetätigung in einer Brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents

Kipphebelmechanismus für die Ventilbetätigung in einer Brennkraftmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1279797B1
EP1279797B1 EP01830508A EP01830508A EP1279797B1 EP 1279797 B1 EP1279797 B1 EP 1279797B1 EP 01830508 A EP01830508 A EP 01830508A EP 01830508 A EP01830508 A EP 01830508A EP 1279797 B1 EP1279797 B1 EP 1279797B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rocker arm
pin
arm mechanism
camshaft
support shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01830508A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1279797A1 (de
Inventor
Vilmo Ferioli
Mario Mingozzi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VM Motori SpA
Original Assignee
VM Motori SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VM Motori SpA filed Critical VM Motori SpA
Priority to DE60109593T priority Critical patent/DE60109593D1/de
Priority to AT01830508T priority patent/ATE291679T1/de
Priority to EP01830508A priority patent/EP1279797B1/de
Publication of EP1279797A1 publication Critical patent/EP1279797A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1279797B1 publication Critical patent/EP1279797B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
    • F01L1/146—Push-rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
    • F01L1/182—Centre pivot rocking arms the rocking arm being pivoted about an individual fulcrum, i.e. not about a common shaft
    • F01L1/183—Centre pivot rocking arms the rocking arm being pivoted about an individual fulcrum, i.e. not about a common shaft of the boat type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
    • F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
    • F01M9/103—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries of valve stem and guide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
    • F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
    • F01M9/105—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries using distribution conduits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rocker arm mechanism for actuating valves in internal combustion engines, in particular for diesel engines.
  • valves which allow the cylinder to be supplied with fresh air or a fuel and air mixture, and allows the burnt gases to escape.
  • the valves are actuated by suitable mechanisms which are kinematically connected to the drive shaft.
  • valve actuating mechanisms in internal combustion engines, comprising a rocker arm which pivots on a support fixed above the head of the engine.
  • One end of the rocker arm acts upon the engine valve stem, whilst the opposite end is connected to a camshaft by means of a connecting rod.
  • the rocker arm is positioned on a support shaft, by means of a pin mounted on the shaft in such a way that it slides on and turns about it.
  • the pin is cylindrical in shape and is inserted in two circular openings in the side walls of the rocker arm to form a turning pair. There is a hole in the pin to allow the passage of the support shaft, with an axis at a right angle to the shared axis of the circular openings in the rocker arm, and the pin is held in position relative to the rocker arm by suitable spring means.
  • the rocker arm can turn, relative to the pin, in a plane containing the axis of the support shaft. Moreover, it can slide vertically on the support and turn in a plane at a right angle to the support together with the pin.
  • the valve stem at one end, the connecting rod at the opposite end and a nut fixed on the shaft, against which the pin stops, hold the rocker arm in position.
  • the actual motion of the rocker arm, caused by rotation of the camshaft, is an oscillation in the vertical plane about the pin. Therefore, the movement of the rocker arm causes the valve alternating motion.
  • the rocker arm mechanism of the type described is complex and bulky.
  • the structure of the pin - rocker arm connection makes the assembly very wide, meaning that otto engine spark plugs or diesel engine injectors cannot be mounted on the head of the engine, in advantageous positions.
  • the injector of a diesel engine is preferably fitted at the centre of the chamber, between the valves, and projects over the head of the engine in the same area as the rocker arms.
  • the injector is normally inserted between the two mechanisms which move the intake valve and the exhaust valve.
  • rocker arm described above is difficult to make, bulky and expensive, since its particular shape requires the use of machining for removing material or the construction of complex moulds.
  • the aim of the present invention is, therefore, to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • the aim of the present invention is also to provide a rocker arm mechanism for actuating valves in internal combustion engines which is reliable and resistant to wear.
  • Another aim of the present invention is to provide a rocker arm mechanism for actuating valves in internal combustion engines which is simple and economical.
  • the numeral 1 denotes a rocker arm mechanism for actuating valves in internal combustion engines.
  • the rocker arm mechanism 1 comprises a support shaft 2 extending from the head 3 of an internal combustion engine, known and therefore not illustrated, at the position of an intake and/or exhaust valve 4 comprising a stem 4a.
  • the shaft 2 may be made of hardened and tempered steel.
  • a support pin 5 is fitted on the shaft 2 in such a way that it slides and turns.
  • the pin 5 is semi-cylindrical, that is to say, it has the shape of one of the two portions obtained from the cross-section of a cylinder according to a plane parallel with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder and containing the axis, or passing close to the axis.
  • the pin 5 may be made of sintered steel or aluminium.
  • the pin 5 has a first, flat base 6a, a second, flat base 6b opposite the first, a first, convex side surface 7a and a second, flat side surface 7b.
  • a through-hole 8 with straight axis is made in the semi-cylinder.
  • the support shaft 2 is inserted in this hole.
  • the hole 8 has a first open end 8a on the first, convex side surface 7a of the pin 5 and a second open end 8b on the second, flat side surface 7b of the pin 5.
  • the semi-cylinder is then mounted on the shaft 2 with the directrices at right angles to the axis of the shaft 2.
  • the mechanism 1 also comprises a rocker arm 9 mounted on the shaft 2 by connection with the pin 5.
  • the rocker arm 9 may be made by moulding, striking or smelting.
  • the rocker arm 9 has a seat 10 for the pin 5, the seat having a concave surface 11 connecting with the convex surface 7a of the pin 5, so that together with the pin 5 it forms a turning pair and allows relative rotation between the two elements in a vertical plane containing the axis of the support shaft 2.
  • the cross-section of the rocker arm 9 is substantially U-shaped, open towards the free end of the support shaft 2.
  • the side and bottom of the pin 5 are, therefore, connected to the internal surface of the rocker arm 9 and completely housed in it.
  • the shaft 2 passes through the rocker arm 9 at an opening 12 made in the rocker arm 9 and aligned with the hole 8 in the pin 5.
  • the opening 12 extends longitudinally on the rocker arm 9 in such a way that the support shaft 2 does not interfere with the rocker arm 9 and allows the latter to oscillate on the pin 5.
  • the rocker arm 9 is free to turn in a vertical plane, moving relative to the pin 5, sliding along the support shaft 2 and turning about the longitudinal axis of the shaft 2, integral with the pin 5.
  • the pin 5 may be semi-spherical, that is to say, with the shape of one of the two portions obtained from the cross-section of a sphere according to a plane passing through the centre of the sphere or close to its centre.
  • the pin - rocker arm connection allows the rocker arm 9 to turn in any plane passing through the centre of the semi-spherical pin 5.
  • the mechanism 1 comprises retaining means 13 which, in the present embodiment, simply consist of a washer 13a locked with a nut 13b screwed onto the free end of the shaft 2.
  • the second, flat side surface 7b of the pin 5 and the upper surface of the support shaft 2 where the washer 13a rests are at a height Z from the head 3 fixing surface.
  • the height Z defines the precise system mounting position without the need for other adjustments.
  • the rocker arm 9 also has a first end 9a engaged with the valve 4 stem 4a and a second end 9b, opposite the first 9a, kinematically connected to a camshaft 14 by suitable means 15.
  • the rocker arm rests on the valve 4 stem and the means for connection 15 to the camshaft 14 and, through the pin 5, on the contact washer 13a.
  • the rocker arm 9 is fitted with a guide 16 on the first end 9a, in which the valve 4 stem 4a engages, and with a seat 17 for the connecting means 15 on the second end 9b.
  • the connecting means 15 comprise a connecting rod 18 with a first end 18a connected to the seat 17, on the second end 9b of the rocker arm 9, and a second end 18b in contact with the camshaft 14, in accordance with the known rod and rocker arm distribution system.
  • the second end 18b of the rod 18 is fitted with a hydraulic tappet 19 for automatic compensation of valve clearance.
  • the mechanism 1 has a channel 20 with at least one open end 21 at the pin 5 seat 10 in the rocker arm 9.
  • the channel 20 is in communication with the engine lubrication circuit and guarantees continuous lubrication of the turning pair.
  • the channel 20 has a first portion 20a made in the support shaft 2 along the longitudinal axis.
  • a first end 22a of the first portion 20a allows fluid communication with the engine lubrication circuit, whilst at least one second end 22b opens at the pin 5.
  • the channel 20 preferably has at least a second portion 20b, connecting the first portion 20a to the surface of the turning connection through the pin 5.
  • the first portion 20a of the channel 20 branches at the pin 5 to form a ring-shaped passage on the entire edge 22b, from which two branches 20b in the pin 5 start. In this way, the contact zone between the pin 5 and the rocker arm 9 can be lubricated more efficiently.
  • the channel 20 also has a third portion 20c, made in the rocker arm 9, between the pin 5 seat 10 and the second end 9b of the rocker arm 9, which carries the oil as far as the hydraulic tappet 19.
  • the channel 20 has a fourth portion 20d which passes through the rod 18 as far as the hydraulic tappet 19, located at the second end 18b of the rod 18.
  • the latter portion therefore, allows the use of a single circuit to supply the hydraulic tappet and to lubricate the turning pair.
  • FIGS 7 and 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the rocker arm 9, in which the third portion 20c of the lubrication channel is obtained by folding a portion 9d of the sheet metal which forms the rocker arm, so that a cavity is formed.
  • the sheet metal has grooves 20e which were obtained previously during the moulding stage.
  • Figure 9 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the third portion 20c of the lubrication channel.
  • the folded portion of sheet metal 9d extends downwards in the contact zone between the pin 5 and the rocker arm 9.
  • the rocker arm 9 In the zone of the first end 9a engaged with the valve 4 stem 4a, the rocker arm 9 also has a hole 9c which allows improved lubrication in the contact zone between the stem 4a and the rocker arm 9. It should be noticed that the end 9a is spoon-shaped, collecting the lubricant and distributing it, through the hole 9c, to the contact zone between the stem 4a and the rocker arm 9.
  • the rocker arm mechanism disclosed has a limited width and, therefore, allows easy positioning of the injector on the head of a diesel engine, for example between two adjacent rocker arms which respectively actuate an intake valve and an exhaust valve.
  • the mechanism disclosed is reliable and relatively silent, since the pin - rocker arm connection is continuously lubricated during operation.
  • the mechanism disclosed allows automatic compensation of valve clearance by means of hydraulic tappets supplied with the pin - rocker arm connection lubricating oil, without the need for auxiliary systems to supply the oil to the tappet.
  • the rocker arm mechanism made in accordance with the present invention is extremely simple to maintain, because all of the components are fully interchangeable. No wear is caused on the head 3, since the connection is limited to contact with the support shaft 2.
  • rocker arm mechanism disclosed is easy to make and very economical, because the rocker arm body can be made by moulding and/or striking and further machining on machine tools is not required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Hebelmechanismus für die Ventilbetätigung in Brennkraftmaschinen, enthaltend:
    eine Trägerwelle (2), die sich von dem Kopf (3) eines Motors aus erstreckt;
    einen auf solche Weise montierten Zapfen (5), dass dieser an der Welle (2) gleitet und sich um die Welle dreht;
    wenigstens ein Ventil (4), angeordnet in dem Kopf (3) und einen Schaft (4a) aufweisend;
    einen an den Zapfen (5) angeschlossenen Kipphebel (9) mit einem ersten Ende (9a), das an den Schaft (4a) angeschlossen ist, und einem zweiten Ende (9b); wobei der Kipphebel (9) ebenfalls einen Sitz (10) für den Zapfen (5) zwischen dem ersten (9a) und dem zweiten (9b) Ende aufweist, so dass er zusammen mit dem Kipphebel (5) ein Drehpaar bildet;
    wobei an dem Sitz (10) der Querschnitt des Kipphebels (9) im wesentlichen U-förmig ist, eine dem freien Ende der Trägerwelle (2) zugewandte konkave Oberfläche (11) bildet und den Zapfen (5) enthält;
    eine Nockenwelle (14) zur Betätigung des Ventils (4);
    Mittel (15) für die kinematische Verbindung der Nockenwelle (14) mit dem zweiten Ende (9b) des Kipphebels (9); Mittel (13) zum Anschluss des Zapfens (5) an die Trägerwelle (2);
    wobei der Kipphebelmechanismus dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass er wenigstens einen Kanal (20) für den Durchlauf eines Schmiermittels enthält, wobei der Kanal (20) an dem Sitz (10) für den Zapfen (5) ein offenes Ende (21) aufweist; wobei der Kanal (20) einen ersten Abschnitt (20a) aufweist, der in die Trägerwelle (2) eingearbeitet ist, und wenigstens einen zweiten Abschnitt (20b), eingearbeitet in den Zapfen (5) und in Flüssigkeitsverbindung mit dem ersten Abschnitt (20a) stehend, sowie einen dritten Abschnitt (20c), der in den Kipphebel (9) eingearbeitet ist, und zwar zwischen dem Sitz (10) für den Zapfen (5) und dem zweiten Ende (9b) des Kipphebels (9).
  2. Kipphebelmechanismus nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Ende (9a) eine Führung (16) enthält, die sich mit dem Ende des Schaftes (4a) verbindet, um den Kipphebel (9) in der korrekten Position im Verhältnis zu dem Ventil (4) zu halten.
  3. Kipphebelmechanismus nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (15) für die kinematische Verbindung der Nockenwelle (14) mit dem Kipphebel (9) einen Hydraulikstössel (19) enthalten, montiert an dem zweiten Ende (9b) des Kipphebels (9) und im Kontakt mit der Nockenwelle (14); wobei der Hydraulikstössel (19) in Flüssigkeitsverbindung mit dem dritten Abschnitt (20c) des Kanals (20) steht.
  4. Kipphebelmechanismus nach Patentanspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (15) für die kinematische Verbindung der Nockenwelle (14) mit dem Kipphebel (9) eine Verbindungsstange (18) enthalten, und zwar mit einem ersten Ende (18a), das an das zweite Ende (9b) des Kipphebels (9) angeschlossen ist, und einem zweiten Ende (18b) im Kontakt mit der Nockenwelle (14); wobei ein Hydraulikstössel (19) für den automatischen Ausgleich des Ventilspiels an dem zweiten Ende (18b) der Stange (18) montiert ist.
  5. Kipphebelmechanismus nach Patentanspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kanal (20) einen vierten Abschnitt (20d) hat, eingearbeitet in die Verbindungsstange (18) und sich zwischen dem dritten Abschnitt (20c) und dem Hydraulikstössel (19) erstreckend und das Schmiermittel an den Hydraulikstössel (19) leitend.
  6. Kipphebelmechanismus nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zapfen (5) im wesentlichen halbkugelförmig ist.
  7. Kipphebelmechanismus nach einem beliebigen der Patentansprüche von 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zapfen (5) im wesentlichen von einer halbzylindrischen Form ist und Leitlinien in rechten Winkeln zu der Längsachse der Trägerwelle (2) aufweist.
EP01830508A 2001-07-27 2001-07-27 Kipphebelmechanismus für die Ventilbetätigung in einer Brennkraftmaschine Expired - Lifetime EP1279797B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE60109593T DE60109593D1 (de) 2001-07-27 2001-07-27 Kipphebelmechanismus für die Ventilbetätigung in einer Brennkraftmaschine
AT01830508T ATE291679T1 (de) 2001-07-27 2001-07-27 Kipphebelmechanismus für die ventilbetätigung in einer brennkraftmaschine
EP01830508A EP1279797B1 (de) 2001-07-27 2001-07-27 Kipphebelmechanismus für die Ventilbetätigung in einer Brennkraftmaschine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01830508A EP1279797B1 (de) 2001-07-27 2001-07-27 Kipphebelmechanismus für die Ventilbetätigung in einer Brennkraftmaschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1279797A1 EP1279797A1 (de) 2003-01-29
EP1279797B1 true EP1279797B1 (de) 2005-03-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01830508A Expired - Lifetime EP1279797B1 (de) 2001-07-27 2001-07-27 Kipphebelmechanismus für die Ventilbetätigung in einer Brennkraftmaschine

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EP (1) EP1279797B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE291679T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60109593D1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111212962A (zh) * 2017-10-13 2020-05-29 戴姆勒股份公司 用于机动车内燃机的气门传动机构
CN111212960A (zh) * 2017-10-13 2020-05-29 戴姆勒股份公司 用于机动车内燃机的气门传动机构

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1403549B1 (it) * 2010-12-17 2013-10-31 Htp S R L Perno di guida per un apparato di distribuzione di un motore endotermico e relativo metodo di realizzazione

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1051107A (de) * 1900-01-01
US2926645A (en) * 1959-06-15 1960-03-01 Guarraia Joseph Rocker arm assembly for internal combustion engines
US3082755A (en) * 1960-12-07 1963-03-26 Ford Motor Co Valve gear
DE2438227B2 (de) * 1974-08-08 1976-07-01 Tatra, N.P., Koprivnice (Tschechoslowakei) Ventilsteuerung fuer eine luftgekuehlte brennkraftmaschine
CA2062321A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-06 Peter J. Van Schaik Rocker arm assembly
DE19741078A1 (de) * 1997-09-18 1999-03-25 Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg Schwing- oder Kipphebel für einen Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111212962A (zh) * 2017-10-13 2020-05-29 戴姆勒股份公司 用于机动车内燃机的气门传动机构
CN111212960A (zh) * 2017-10-13 2020-05-29 戴姆勒股份公司 用于机动车内燃机的气门传动机构
CN111212960B (zh) * 2017-10-13 2022-03-01 戴姆勒股份公司 用于机动车内燃机的气门传动机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE291679T1 (de) 2005-04-15
EP1279797A1 (de) 2003-01-29
DE60109593D1 (de) 2005-04-28

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