EP1278033A1 - Charnière réglable pour portes d'armoires frigorifiques - Google Patents

Charnière réglable pour portes d'armoires frigorifiques Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1278033A1
EP1278033A1 EP02011511A EP02011511A EP1278033A1 EP 1278033 A1 EP1278033 A1 EP 1278033A1 EP 02011511 A EP02011511 A EP 02011511A EP 02011511 A EP02011511 A EP 02011511A EP 1278033 A1 EP1278033 A1 EP 1278033A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hinge
refrigerator
screws
component
door
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02011511A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1278033B1 (fr
Inventor
Fiorenzo Casoli
Giorgio Giudici
Carlo Piccolini
Davide Pieretto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Whirlpool Corp
Original Assignee
Whirlpool Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Whirlpool Corp filed Critical Whirlpool Corp
Publication of EP1278033A1 publication Critical patent/EP1278033A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1278033B1 publication Critical patent/EP1278033B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D7/00—Hinges or pivots of special construction
    • E05D7/04—Hinges adjustable relative to the wing or the frame
    • E05D7/0415—Hinges adjustable relative to the wing or the frame with adjusting drive means
    • E05D7/0423—Screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D11/00—Additional features or accessories of hinges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D7/00—Hinges or pivots of special construction
    • E05D7/08—Hinges or pivots of special construction for use in suspensions comprising two spigots placed at opposite edges of the wing, especially at the top and the bottom, e.g. trunnions
    • E05D7/081—Hinges or pivots of special construction for use in suspensions comprising two spigots placed at opposite edges of the wing, especially at the top and the bottom, e.g. trunnions the pivot axis of the wing being situated near one edge of the wing, especially at the top and bottom, e.g. trunnions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/02—Doors; Covers
    • F25D23/028—Details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D7/00—Hinges or pivots of special construction
    • E05D7/04—Hinges adjustable relative to the wing or the frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/26—Form or shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/30—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for domestic appliances
    • E05Y2900/31—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for domestic appliances for refrigerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2323/00—General constructional features not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2323/02—Details of doors or covers not otherwise covered
    • F25D2323/024—Door hinges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a removable adjustable hinge for refrigerator doors, and to the refrigerator provided with the hinge.
  • Large capacity refrigerators comprise two adjacent doors hinged to opposite sides of the refrigerator cabinet.
  • the cabinet presents a vertical dividing wall which divides its interior substantially into two compartments, each closed by a door. One of these compartments forms the freezing compartment, the other the preservation compartment for fresh foods.
  • the lower hinges generally consist of an inverted L-shaped bracket, a first arm of which is fixed to the refrigerator cabinet by screws, whereas the other arm, which projects, carries an upwardly directed pin perpendicular to the other arm.
  • the pins are received in seats present in the bottom of the door. Height adjustment is not provided.
  • the doors have mostly to be removed in order to reduce its overall size to an extent enabling it to pass through doors and corridors.
  • the doors are remounted.
  • the extending parts of the hinge project to a considerable extent and can cause damage to objects and persons during transportation.
  • the bracket also has to be removed and then remounted.
  • the bracket is fixed by a plurality of firmly tightened screws to enable it to support the door for the rather lengthy time during which the door is open, the removal and assembly process is tedious and tiring.
  • US-6,030,064 provides a hinge comprising an inverted L-shaped bracket with one arm provided with a perpendicular pin and with its other arm insertable into a channel-shaped or tubular part of rectangular cross-section securely fixed to the cabinet by screws.
  • the channel-shaped part has a base provided with two threaded holes for connecting the screws which, by bearing against the lower face of the inserted arm, enable the hinge to be vertically adjusted.
  • the base there is also provided a guide slot for a corresponding appendix of the inserted arm of the bracket.
  • the channel-shaped part is also provided with a transverse baffle which eliminates slack between the L-shaped bracket and the channel-shaped part.
  • apertures are provided in the front wall of the channel-shaped part for passage of the screws.
  • a main object of the present invention is to provide a vertically adjustable lower hinge for refrigerator doors, especially for refrigerators with side-by-side doors, which is of simple and not necessarily high-precision construction, which uses only one adjustment screw for the height adjustment, and which is easily demountable when the doors are removed to reduce the overall dimensions of the refrigerator for transport purposes.
  • a further important object of the present invention is to ensure verticality of the door rotation axis by means of an upper hinge which is also adjustable.
  • a further object of the present invention is provide a refrigerator incorporating one or more adjustable lower hinges provided with the aforestated advantageous aspects, preferably in combination with upper hinges which are also adjustment.
  • the reference numeral 1 indicates overall a conventional refrigerator of the type comprising two side-by-side doors 2 and 3, of which that indicated by 2, and shown closed, closes a freezer compartment, whereas the other door 3, shown open, closes a refrigerated preservation compartment for fresh foods.
  • a partition 5 separates the two compartments, the partition and compartments being contained within the refrigerator cabinet 6.
  • Each of the doors is hinged both upperly and lowerly to the cabinet 6 by a respective upper hinge 7 and lower hinge 8.
  • the lower hinge 8 ( Figures 2 and 3) comprises a substantially inverted L-shaped bracket element 9 presenting a first side 9a for fixing to the cabinet 6 and a second side 9b (perpendicular to the fixing side) which projects outwards.
  • the fixing side 9a presents three slotted holes 9c in carefully chosen positions. Screws 10 inserted through the slotted holes fix the bracket element 9 to the cabinet 7.
  • the two sides 9a, 9b are joined together laterally by strengthening parts 9d.
  • the first side 9a lowerly presents, formed from the material (sheet metal) of the bracket element 9, a flange 9e perpendicular to the first side 9a and hence slightly projecting from it.
  • This flange therefore leaves a free space in the region 20 of the side 9a.
  • a screw 21 which is used to adjust the height of the bracket element 9 and hence of the lower hinge concerned.
  • the screw 21 is screwed into a projecting arm 12a of a separate component 12 of the lower hinge.
  • This component 12 is of inverted L-shape and is inserted by means of its other arm 12b into the space 20 left free by the projecting flange 9e.
  • the component 12 is fixed to the refrigerator cabinet by screws 22 passing through holes present in the arm 12b.
  • the lower hinge is mounted on the refrigerator cabinet in the following manner:
  • the component 12 is fixed to cabinet by its screws 22.
  • the screws 10 are only partially screwed down (and hence not tightened) onto the refrigerator cabinet.
  • the bracket element 9 is then passed over the screws 10 by virtue of the slotted configuration of the holes 9c and lowered, after which the vertical position of the bracket element 9 is adjusted by acting on the adjustment screw 21, and when the required position for the bracket element 9 has been attained the screws are screwed tightly down to lock it.
  • the upper hinge 7 presents a component 30 to be fixed by screws 31 a, b, c to the upper part of the refrigerator cabinet 6.
  • the screws are three in number.
  • the component 30 presents a flat part 30a to which, via a step or transition region 30b, there is connected a curved flat arm 30c which when in use projects above the door (for example the door 3).
  • the arm 30c carries, extending downwards, a conventional hinge pin 32 intended to penetrate in known manner into an appropriate seat present in the upper edge of the door.
  • the hole through which the screw 31a passes can be circular, whereas the holes through which the other two screws 31b, 31c pass are slightly elongate and preferably arched such that their centre line lies along circular arcs having their centre at the centre of the hole through which the screw 31a passes.
  • the aforedescribed upper hinge 7 enables its pin 32 to be vertically aligned with that 11 of the lower hinge.
  • the three screws 31a, b, c are only loosely screwed down (i.e. not completely tightened).
  • On rotating the adjustment screw 33 it thrusts against the flange 30d to swivel the pin 32, which can thus be brought into vertical alignment with the lower pin 11.
  • the screws 21a, b, c are then completely tightened.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Refrigerator Housings (AREA)
  • Hinges (AREA)
  • Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)
EP02011511A 2001-07-18 2002-05-22 Charnière réglable pour portes d'armoires frigorifiques Expired - Fee Related EP1278033B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI20011528 2001-07-18
IT2001MI001528A ITMI20011528A1 (it) 2001-07-18 2001-07-18 Cerniera regolbile per porte di frigoriferi

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1278033A1 true EP1278033A1 (fr) 2003-01-22
EP1278033B1 EP1278033B1 (fr) 2005-08-24

Family

ID=11448079

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02011511A Expired - Fee Related EP1278033B1 (fr) 2001-07-18 2002-05-22 Charnière réglable pour portes d'armoires frigorifiques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1278033B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60205684T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2244697T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITMI20011528A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CY2534B1 (fr) * 2005-05-11 2006-06-28 A C Technometal Ltd
WO2007023445A1 (fr) * 2005-08-22 2007-03-01 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi Dispositif de refroidissement
US7685678B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2010-03-30 Lg Electronics Inc. Refrigerator having height-adjustable door
CN101078593B (zh) * 2006-05-24 2010-11-03 海尔集团公司 门体高度可调节高强度冰箱用铰链
CN101050910B (zh) * 2006-04-06 2010-12-15 海尔集团公司 一种冰箱用可调节下铰链
CN101177986B (zh) * 2006-11-07 2012-10-03 海尔集团公司 冰箱用可调节下铰链
RU2525252C2 (ru) * 2009-02-27 2014-08-10 Электролюкс Хоум Продактс, Инк. Регулируемая петля для поворотной двери
CN108661468A (zh) * 2017-04-01 2018-10-16 博西华电器（江苏）有限公司 制冷器具

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007034295A1 (de) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Kältegerät
CN101481971B (zh) * 2008-01-07 2012-05-23 海尔集团公司 多面定位冰箱门下铰链
KR20100019616A (ko) 2008-08-11 2010-02-19 삼성전자주식회사 냉장고
CA2946755A1 (fr) 2014-04-24 2015-10-29 Upsite Technologies, Inc. Systeme de porte pour commande de flux d'air
CN109577774B (zh) * 2017-09-29 2020-09-15 合肥华凌股份有限公司 铰链和具有该铰链的冰箱

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4070728A (en) * 1976-10-26 1978-01-31 General Electric Company Vertically adjustable door hinge assembly
FR2501274A1 (fr) * 1981-03-04 1982-09-10 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Palier pour portes, en particulier palier de butee pour portes de refrigerateurs-congelateurs en armoire
US4864691A (en) * 1987-05-01 1989-09-12 Edward D. Gidseg Hinge assembly
US5666764A (en) * 1994-11-23 1997-09-16 Whirlpool Corporation Fixed hinge-door removal/door seal resolution
US5788351A (en) * 1996-05-30 1998-08-04 Prunty; Jeffrey L. Cam for vertical adjustment of appliance doors
US5884366A (en) * 1997-08-30 1999-03-23 Lg Electronics Inc. Door hinge fixing structure for refrigerator
US6030064A (en) 1997-09-29 2000-02-29 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Refrigerator with removable door hinge

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4070728A (en) * 1976-10-26 1978-01-31 General Electric Company Vertically adjustable door hinge assembly
FR2501274A1 (fr) * 1981-03-04 1982-09-10 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Palier pour portes, en particulier palier de butee pour portes de refrigerateurs-congelateurs en armoire
US4864691A (en) * 1987-05-01 1989-09-12 Edward D. Gidseg Hinge assembly
US5666764A (en) * 1994-11-23 1997-09-16 Whirlpool Corporation Fixed hinge-door removal/door seal resolution
US5788351A (en) * 1996-05-30 1998-08-04 Prunty; Jeffrey L. Cam for vertical adjustment of appliance doors
US5884366A (en) * 1997-08-30 1999-03-23 Lg Electronics Inc. Door hinge fixing structure for refrigerator
US6030064A (en) 1997-09-29 2000-02-29 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Refrigerator with removable door hinge

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006018290B4 (de) * 2005-04-22 2020-03-12 Lg Electronics Inc. Kühlschrank mit höheneinstellbarer Tür
US7685678B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2010-03-30 Lg Electronics Inc. Refrigerator having height-adjustable door
US7752709B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2010-07-13 Lg Electronics Inc. Refrigerator having height-adjustable door
EP1722057A2 (fr) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-15 A.C. Technometal Ltd. Dispositif de support réglable pour des charnières de portes et fenêtres
EP1722057A3 (fr) * 2005-05-11 2007-09-19 A.C. Technometal Ltd. Dispositif de support réglable pour des charnières de portes et fenêtres
CY2534B1 (fr) * 2005-05-11 2006-06-28 A C Technometal Ltd
WO2007023445A1 (fr) * 2005-08-22 2007-03-01 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi Dispositif de refroidissement
CN101050910B (zh) * 2006-04-06 2010-12-15 海尔集团公司 一种冰箱用可调节下铰链
CN101078593B (zh) * 2006-05-24 2010-11-03 海尔集团公司 门体高度可调节高强度冰箱用铰链
CN101177986B (zh) * 2006-11-07 2012-10-03 海尔集团公司 冰箱用可调节下铰链
RU2525252C2 (ru) * 2009-02-27 2014-08-10 Электролюкс Хоум Продактс, Инк. Регулируемая петля для поворотной двери
CN108661468A (zh) * 2017-04-01 2018-10-16 博西华电器（江苏）有限公司 制冷器具
CN108661468B (zh) * 2017-04-01 2022-02-11 博西华电器（江苏）有限公司 制冷器具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITMI20011528A1 (it) 2003-01-18
ES2244697T3 (es) 2005-12-16
DE60205684T2 (de) 2006-08-24
ITMI20011528A0 (it) 2001-07-18
EP1278033B1 (fr) 2005-08-24
DE60205684D1 (de) 2005-09-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1278033B1 (fr) Charnière réglable pour portes d'armoires frigorifiques
EP1477753A1 (fr) Installation de rangement encastré
CA2300791C (fr) Refrigerateur a porte coulissante
US6030064A (en) Refrigerator with removable door hinge
AU2008202944B2 (en) Storage
EP3851772A1 (fr) Machine à glaçons, ensemble de distribution de glaçons et procédé de déploiement d'une machine à glaçons
US5678679A (en) Universal slot machine table
US6983615B2 (en) French door chiller compartment for refrigerators
US20030042829A1 (en) Closet doors with integrated shelves
US20070096610A1 (en) Retractable shelf for the cabinet of a refrigeration appliance
US11659924B2 (en) Multi-level cabinet storage system
US20050225108A1 (en) Adjustable shelving system for vehicles
US6813156B2 (en) Computer system and a combining structure for a power supplying unit for a computer system
US11142272B1 (en) Cycle display fixture with cycle retention assembly
US20060010774A1 (en) Pocket door mounting system
EP0049069A2 (fr) Charnières
JP2560166B2 (ja) 保冷式コンテナの冷却材収納箱
FR3120799A1 (fr) Système de gain de place pour les appareils de musculations
GB2067393A (en) Base fitting for a piece of furniture
KR200144984Y1 (ko) 쇼케이스의 선반설치수단
CN116446743A (zh) 铰链底座
JPH08205970A (ja) 平形オープンショーケース
JPH06113413A (ja) 自立盤への内器ブロック取付け構造
CA2997862A1 (fr) Charniere de porte et methode d'installation d'une porte cachee
GB2249332A (en) Access panel structure

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20030702

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60205684

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20050929

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2244697

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20060526

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 15

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20170413

Year of fee payment: 16

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20170517

Year of fee payment: 16

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20170516

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20170602

Year of fee payment: 16

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20170522

Year of fee payment: 16

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60205684

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20180522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180522

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180531

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181201

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20190913

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180523