EP1276170A1 - Mehrbandantenne - Google Patents

Mehrbandantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1276170A1
EP1276170A1 EP01202677A EP01202677A EP1276170A1 EP 1276170 A1 EP1276170 A1 EP 1276170A1 EP 01202677 A EP01202677 A EP 01202677A EP 01202677 A EP01202677 A EP 01202677A EP 1276170 A1 EP1276170 A1 EP 1276170A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
patch
antenna
slot
slots
edges
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01202677A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1276170B1 (de
Inventor
Dunlop Simon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Corp
Original Assignee
TDK Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TDK Corp filed Critical TDK Corp
Priority to DE60122698T priority Critical patent/DE60122698T2/de
Priority to AT01202677T priority patent/ATE338354T1/de
Priority to EP01202677A priority patent/EP1276170B1/de
Publication of EP1276170A1 publication Critical patent/EP1276170A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1276170B1 publication Critical patent/EP1276170B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0478—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with means for suppressing spurious modes, e.g. cross polarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to multi-band antennas, and in particular to multi-band planar antennas.
  • a multi-band antenna is an antenna capable of operating in more than one frequency band.
  • Planar antennas such as microstrip patch antennas
  • Planar antennas are an increasingly popular form of antenna.
  • Planar antennas are relatively compact in structure, relatively lightweight, relatively simple to manufacture and hence relatively inexpensive.
  • planar antennas are suitable for internal use, i.e. they can be incorporated within a telecommunications apparatus, for example a mobile telephone handset. Not only does this improve the aesthetic appeal of the apparatus, but it also protects the antenna making it less susceptible to damage.
  • a further advantage of planar antennas is that they may be arranged within, say, a telephone handset in such manner that the radiation emitted during use is primarily directed away from the user of the handset.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides an antenna comprising a multi-sided conductive patch arranged to resonate when excited by an electromagnetic signal; and a feed mechanism arranged to provide electromagnetic signals to said conductive patch, wherein said feed mechanism is arranged to feed electromagnetic signals to a point substantially on, or in-line with, a notional line through a corner and the centre of the conductive patch
  • Feeding the conductive patch in this manner enables the patch to resonate in a plurality of discrete frequency bands. This means that the antenna is capable of multi-band operation without the need for additional resonating patches, shorting pins, matching circuits or multiple feed points.
  • the feed mechanism is arranged to provide a direct feed to the conductive patch.
  • the feed mechanism may alternatively feed the patch by indirect coupling.
  • the conductive patch is generally rectangular in shape and the feed point is substantially on, or in-line with, a diagonal of the patch.
  • the antenna further comprises a dielectric substrate having first and second oppositely disposed surfaces, said patch being provided on said first surface, and a conductive layer provided on said second surface and arranged to act as a ground plane. More preferably, the antenna is formed from microstrip.
  • one or more slots are formed in the conductive patch, at least one of said slots being arranged to increase the current density in one or more areas of the patch during resonance in one or more frequency bands thereby lowering said one or more frequency bands.
  • At least one of said slots is arranged to adjust the effective impedance of the conductive patch in one or more resonant frequency bands in order to improve the Return Loss value of the patch in said one or more frequency bands.
  • At least part of at least one of said slots is positioned in close proximity with an edge of the patch so that said at least one slot part radiates electromagnetic energy in a frequency band other than the natural resonant frequency bands of the patch.
  • At least one slot includes a first and a second non-parallel slot portions. More preferably, said first and second slot portions are substantially perpendicular with each other. Further preferably, said at least one slot is substantially "I"- shaped.
  • the conductive patch is generally rectangular in shape and includes a first and a second slot, one on either side of the feed point, each slot having an elongate body portion with a respective foot portion at, or adjacent, either end of the body portion, the slots being arranged so that the respective elongate body portions are substantially parallely disposed with respect to one pair of opposing edges of the patch and that the respective foot portions are located in close proximity with the other pair of opposing patch edges.
  • said one pair of opposing patch edges are the patch edges that radiate electromagnetic energy during resonance in a frequency band in respect of which the conductive patch is designed primarily to resonate.
  • said first and second slots are substantially "I"-shaped and said respective foot portions are arranged to be substantially parallely disposed to said other opposing patch edges.
  • the patch includes a third slot located between, and substantially perpendicularly with, said first and second slots. More preferably, the third slot is substantially centrally located in the conductive patch.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a method for designing a multi-band planar antenna comprising a multi-sided conductive patch arranged to resonate when excited by an electromagnetic signal; and a feed mechanism arranged to provide electromagnetic signals to said conductive patch, the method including providing a feed point substantially on, or in-line with, a notional line through a corner and the centre of the conductive patch so that the conductive patch is capable of resonance in more than one frequency band; and providing one or more slots in the patch to manipulate the frequency bands in which resonance occurs.
  • the handset 10 includes a planar antenna in the preferred form of a microstrip patch antenna 12.
  • the patch antenna 12 is mounted on a radio module, or Front End Module (FEM) 14, which in turn is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) 16 in conventional manner.
  • the antenna 12 comprises a dielectric substrate 20 having a first conductive layer, or patch 18, on one face and a second conductive layer, or ground plane 22, on the opposite face.
  • a feed mechanism (not shown in Figure 1) is provided for communication between the FEM 14 and the antenna 12.
  • the feed mechanism may be connected directly to the patch (direct feed) or may be coupled indirectly to the patch.
  • the FEM 14 sends and receives electromagnetic signals, including radio frequency signals, via the antenna 12 as is conventional.
  • the FEM 14 feeds an electrical signal to the antenna 12 via the feed mechanism.
  • the signal excites the patch 18 to cause the radiation of electromagnetic energy, or waves, therefrom. More particularly, when the patch 18 is excited by a feed signal, a charge distribution is established on the reverse side, or underside, of the patch 18 and the ground plane. At a particular instant in time, the underside of the patch is positively charged and the ground plane is negatively charged. The attractive forces between these charges tend to hold a large percentage of the charge between the two reverse surfaces.
  • a planar, or patch, antenna radiates energy only in frequency bands where resonance occurs.
  • the location of the resonant, or operational, frequency band of a patch antenna depends primarily on its dimensions and composition. Thus, when a patch is fed with a signal in the resonant frequency band, the patch radiates energy in that frequency band.
  • the efficiency at which the patch radiates energy depends on, amongst other things, whether or not there is an impedance match between the patch 18 and the feed mechanism.
  • a coaxial feeder has an impedance of 50 Ohms and it is important therefore to position the feed point such that the effective impedance presented by the patch at the feed point matches the feeder impedance.
  • Radiation efficiency may be measured in terms of Return Loss (typically in decibels(dB)) or Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR).
  • RLV Return Loss Value
  • a patch antenna 12 is considered as a single band structure with narrow bandwidth i.e. a structure having only one, relatively narrow, resonant frequency band.
  • equations [1] to [4] of Figure 10 may be used to determine the approximate required length and width of the patch 18. Normally some fine tuning is then required in order to finalise patch dimensions to suit the application in question.
  • the next step in the design of the patch antenna 12 is to determine the position of the point at which the feed mechanism feeds the antenna.
  • the feed point is on a notional straight line perpendicular to the patch 18 edges and running through the centre of the patch.
  • Such a feed position is hereinafter referred to as a central, or symmetrical, feed position.
  • a common way to determine the best position for the feed point is to simulate the operation of the antenna 12 for various feed positions starting on a patch edge moving towards the patch centre along the notional centre line.
  • a suitable feed point is found when there is an impedance match between the feed mechanism and the patch (it is noted that in some cases an impedance match is not found on the centre line. In such cases, the normal solution is to enlarge the size of the patch 18 or to provide an impedance matching network between the feed mechanism and the patch 18).
  • the current density on the surface of the patch 18 increases significantly along two opposing edges of the patch 18 causing electromagnetic waves to radiate from those edges.
  • the current density also increases across the surface of the patch 18 between the two radiating edges and this causes further electromagnetic radiation from between the two radiating edges.
  • the resulting radiation pattern is substantially symmetrical with respect to the patch 18 and this optimises the gain of the antenna. This is the main reason why patch antennas are conventionally fed from a central position.
  • a centrally fed patch antenna provides only one resonant frequency band.
  • Previous attempts have been made to provide multi-band planar antennas, including multi-band patch antennas. These attempts include stacking or layering two patch antennas one on top of the other, or side-by-side, or using a matching network. Other attempts have involved the combination of slots and shorting pins, or providing multiple feed points. It is considered that such earlier attempts suffer in terms of size and/or complexity. As a result they can be relatively difficult and expensive to manufacture. Moreover, it is considered that the size of such antennas makes them unsuitable for incorporation into modern telecommunication devices, particularly telephone handsets. The problem of size is exacerbated by the fact that many mobile telecommunications networks operate in relatively low frequency bands, low frequency operation normally requiring a large antenna.
  • one aspect of the invention provides a single layer planar, or patch, antenna capable of multi-band operation without the use of shorting pins, matching networks or multiple feed points.
  • FIGS 2 and 3 illustrate a patch antenna 112, arranged in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, mounted on an FEM 114.
  • the antenna 112 comprises a multi-sided patch 118 in the form of a layer of conductive material, particularly conductive metal such as copper or copper alloy.
  • the patch 118 coats one face of a substrate 120 made of a dielectric material such as duroid, ceramic or alumina.
  • a second conductive layer 122 coats the opposite face of the dielectric substrate 120.
  • the second conductive layer 122 which is typically made from the same material as the patch 118, serves as a ground plane for the antenna 112.
  • the antenna 112 includes a feed mechanism 124 for supplying electromagnetic signals (such as radio or microwave signals) in the form of electrical signals between the antenna 112 and the FEM 14.
  • the feed mechanism 124 takes the form of a coaxial feeder although a skilled person will appreciate that other forms of conventional feed mechanism, such as microstrips, striplines and waveguides, may alternatively be used.
  • the feeder 124 is preferably arranged to provide a direct feed to the patch 118 and so is fixed to a feed point 126 on the patch 118 itself.
  • a non-conductive sleeve 123 formed for example from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), surrounds the body of the feeder 124.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the feed point 126 is positioned on, or substantially on, a notional straight line 128 passing through a corner of the patch 118 and the centre of the patch 118.
  • the patch is a straight-sided figure, such as the generally rectangular patch 118 shown in the example of Figure 2
  • the feed point 126 is positioned on, or substantially on, a diagonal of the patch.
  • the patch 118 When the feed point 126 is positioned on, or approximately on, a diagonal, it is found that the patch 118 resonates in a plurality of different frequency bands. This phenomenon is believed to occur because all sides of the patch are presented to the excitation signal as possible areas from which radiation may emanate. Thus, for the generally rectangular patch 118 of Figure 2, all four sides of the patch 118 are available as possible radiating elements as a result of the diagonally positioned feed point 126. Since the frequency at which radiation occurs depends on patch dimensions, and since the respective opposing sides of the patch 118 are different lengths, the respective resonant states occur in different frequency bands.
  • the patch 118 includes two slots 130, 132 for manipulating the performance of the antenna 112 as is described in more detail below.
  • FIG 4 shows a plan view of an unslotted patch 218 provided with a diagonally positioned feed point 226 in accordance with the invention.
  • the patch 218 dimensions are calculated using equations [1] to [4] of Figure 10 for a desired operational frequency, fr , of approximately 1800 MHz, where the substrate thickness, t , is approximately 1.2 mm and the dielectric constant, ⁇ r , is approximately 10. Accordingly, the length, l , of the patch 218 is approximately 34.20 mm, and the patch width, w , is approximately 23.37 mm.
  • the optimal position of the feed point 226 was determined by simulating the operation of the patch 218 with the feed point first positioned at or near a corner 234 of the patch 218 and then subsequently positioned at points progressively nearer the patch centre along the diagonal. For the present design, an impedance match was found when the feed point 226 was positioned 5.70 mm from the longer edge 236 of the patch 218 and 7.98 mm from the shorter edge 238 of the patch 218 as shown in Figure 4. It will be understood that the feed point 226 may equally be positioned along the respective diagonal from any corner of the patch 218.
  • Figures 5a to 5c show plots of the current density across the patch 218 at different feed frequencies where resonance occurs.
  • Figures 5a to 5c thus show the current density of patch 218 in three different resonant states in three different frequency bands.
  • current density is indicated by short dashes on the patch 218 surface, the density of the dashes corresponds to the current density.
  • Figure 5a shows the current density when patch 218 is fed with an excitation signal of approximately 1389MHz.
  • the main area of high current density is indicated approximately by dashed line 501. This area corresponds to the area of most significant electromagnetic radiation from the patch 218 in this resonant state, the radiation being in a frequency band centred at approximately 1389 MHz.
  • a second resonant state occurs when the excitation signal is approximately 1971MHz, and the corresponding current density plot is shown in Figure 5b.
  • the main area of high current density is indicated approximately by dashed line 503.
  • the key areas of high current density are at and around the mid-sections of the remaining two opposing edges 238, 242 and across the patch 218 between the two edges 238, 242. Consequently, the main radiation of electromagnetic energy in the frequency band around 1971 MHz occurs at and around the mid-sections of the edges 238, 242 and from the patch surface between the edges 238, 242.
  • a third resonant state occurs when the excitation signal is approximately 2476 MHz, and the corresponding current density plot is shown in Figure 5c.
  • the main area of high current density is indicated approximately by dashed lines 505.
  • the key areas of high current density are at and around the mid-sections of all four edges 236, 238, 240, 242. Consequently, the main radiation of electromagnetic energy in the frequency band around 2476 MHz occurs at and around the four edges 236, 238, 240, 242.
  • the current density/radiation pattern shown in Figure 5c is dual linear or circularly polarised, meaning that high current density and hence radiation is occurring simultaneously at all four edges in this frequency band.
  • the patch 218 is able to radiate energy from all four of its edges 236, 238, 240, 242 in contrast to a conventional centre feed patch which only radiates energy from two opposing edges. This enables the patch 218 to resonate in more than one frequency band.
  • Figure 6 shows the Return Loss (dB) for each of the resonant states illustrated in Figures 5a to 5c.
  • the first Return Loss Peak 601 represents a resonant, or operational, frequency band centred at approximately 1389 MHz and corresponds with the resonant state shown in Figure 5a.
  • the second Return Loss Peak 602 represents a resonant frequency band centred at approximately 1971 MHz and corresponds with the resonant state shown in Figure 5b.
  • the third Return Loss Peak 603 represents a resonant frequency band centred at approximately 2476 MHz and corresponds with the resonant state shown in Figure 5c.
  • the second Return Loss Peak 602 is significantly better (approximately -13dB) than the first and third Return Loss Peaks 601, 603 (approximately -4dB and -4.5dB respectively). This is expected since the patch 218 was designed particularly for resonance at around 1800 MHz and the feed point 226 was selected to provide a good impedance match in this frequency range. Nonetheless, the first and third Return Loss Peaks 601, 603 are significant and, as is described in more detail below, can be developed to provide additional operating frequency bands for an antenna into which it is incorporated.
  • the unslotted patch 218 with diagonal feed may be incorporated into an antenna of the general type illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 and the resulting antenna is capable of operating in a number of different frequency bands. This is achieved using only a single conductive layer for the patch 218, using only a single feed mechanism and without the need for shorting pins or a matching circuit.
  • the relatively poor Return Loss Peaks 601, 603 for the first and third frequency bands are normally considered to be unsatisfactory for commercial use.
  • the three illustrated Return Loss Peaks 601, 602, 603 are in frequency bands that are not currently in commercial use in the mobile telecommunication industry.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile telecommunications - approx. 890 to 960 MHz
  • GPS Global Positioning System - approx. 1.57 to 1.58 GHz
  • DCS Digital Communication System - approx. 1.71 to 1.88 GHz
  • Bluetooth approximately 2.4 to 2.48 GHz
  • slots increases the current density in the patch around at least some of the slot edges.
  • An increase in current density has the effect of making the patch electrically larger and this makes the patch behave as if it were physically larger even though the actual length and width of the patch are unchanged.
  • a slot including slot shape, slot size and slot position
  • one or more of the frequency bands in which the patch resonates can be adjusted.
  • the frequency band can be lowered (i.e. resonance occurs at a lower frequency). This is because the increase in current density caused by the presence of the slot causes the patch to behave as if it were larger - and larger patches generally resonate at lower frequencies.
  • the slots also provide a further effect when arranged in accordance with the invention.
  • the increased surface current density around the slot edges gives rise to additional Return Loss Peaks in different frequency bands.
  • the slot edges when appropriately placed, act as pseudo patch edges from which electromagnetic energy can radiate. A slot can therefore effectively create one or more further resonant states for the patch and so increase the versatility of the antenna.
  • the provision of a slot on the patch can also affect the effective impedance of the patch with respect to the feed point.
  • the slot can therefore affect the magnitude of the Return Loss Peak in one or more resonant frequency bands.
  • the natural resonance frequency bands of a planar antenna can be adjusted, further resonance frequency bands, i.e. operational frequencies, can be created and the return loss value (i.e. patch efficiency) in resonance frequency bands can be improved.
  • the return loss value i.e. patch efficiency
  • removal of material from a patch to form a slot can be detrimental to the efficiency of the antenna and this must be taken into account during slot design.
  • FIG 7 shows in plan view a slotted patch 318 arranged in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the patch 318 is suitable for use in the antenna 112 of Figure 2.
  • the patch 318 has a first pair of opposing edges 338, 342, a second pair of opposing edges 336, 340 and a feed point 326.
  • the patch 318 further includes a first and a second slot 330, 332 for manipulating the performance of the antenna 112.
  • the slots 330, 332 are formed by removing portions of the metal conductive layer that forms the patch itself.
  • the slots 330, 332 each comprise a respective elongate body portion 331, 333 and two respective feet portions 335, 337, one foot 335, 337 at either end of the respective body portions 331, 333.
  • the slots 330, 332 are generally I-shaped.
  • the slots 330, 332 are arranged so that the respective elongate body portions 331, 333 are substantially parallel with respect to one pair of oppositely disposed edges of the patch 318.
  • the slots 330, 332 are dimensioned so that, in this position, the respective feet 335, 337 are located in close proximity with the other pair of opposing edges of the patch 318.
  • the body portions 331, 333 are substantially parallely disposed with the shorter edges 342, 338 of the patch 318 and the feet 335, 337 are therefore located adjacent the longer edges 336, 340.
  • the edges 342, 338 are key radiation areas of the patch 318 in the second resonant state i.e.
  • the longer edges 336, 340 are key radiation areas in the first and third resonant states (1389 MHz and 2476 MHz frequency bands respectively - see Figures 5a and 5c).
  • the slots 330, 332 are arranged one on either side of the feed point 326.
  • the slots 330, 332 are located relatively near to the respective edges 342, 338.
  • the patch 318 preferably includes a third slot 334 located between and substantially perpendicularly with the first and second slots 330, 332.
  • the third slot 334 is substantially centrally located in the patch 318.
  • the third slot may be similarly shaped to the first and second slots 330, 332 but, in the illustrate embodiment, the third slot 334 does not comprise feet.
  • the patch 318 of Figure 7 is designed particularly for operation in the GSM and DCS commercial frequency bands GSM, GPS, DCS and Bluetooth.
  • the function of the slots 330, 332 is to manipulate the natural resonant states of the unslotted patch 218 to provide a patch that resonates at least in said two commercial frequency bands with efficiency that is satisfactory for use in an antenna for a telecommunications product, particularly a mobile telephone.
  • Figures 8a to 8e show plots of the current density across the slotted patch 318 at different feed frequencies where resonance occurs.
  • Figures 8a to 8e thus show the current density of patch 318 in five different resonant states.
  • Figure 8a shows the current density in a resonant state when patch 318 is fed with an excitation signal of approximately 948 MHz. This frequency band falls in the GSM frequency band.
  • the main area of high current density in this frequency band is indicated approximately by dashed line 801. This area corresponds to the area of most significant electromagnetic radiation from the patch 318 in this resonant state (and therefore in the frequency band centred at around 948 MHz).
  • the resonant state shown in Figure 8a for the slotted patch 318 corresponds with the resonant state shown in Figure 5a for the unslotted patch 218. This can be appreciated by comparison of the respective key radiation areas shown in Figures 5a and 8a. Because the feet 335, 337 and part of the body portions 331, 333 are located in key radiation areas in this resonant state, the current density increases around the feet 335, 337 and said parts of the body portions 331, 333 as shown in Figure 8a. This increase in current density causes the patch 318 to become electrically larger which in turn lowers the frequency at which radiation occurs in this resonant state.
  • the slotted patch 318 radiates electromagnetic energy from the key areas shown in Figure 8a in a frequency band (around 948 MHz) that is lower than the frequency band (around 1389 MHz) in which the unslotted patch 218 resonates.
  • the slots 330, 332 In arranging the slots 330, 332 to cause the patch 318 produce radiation in a particular frequency band (in this case at around 948 MHz), it may be required to make adjustments to the size and/or position of one or both of the slots 330, 332 in order to change the natural resonant frequency of the unslotted patch (around 1389 MHz) by the desired amount. For example, the effect of moving the -slot 330 away from the edge 342 of the patch 318 (preferably without changing the orientation of the slot 330) is to lower the radiation frequency.
  • Moving the slots 330, 332 in the opposite direction, or reducing the length of the feet 335, 337, has an opposite effect. Further, reducing the length of the body 331, 333 of one or both of the slots 330, 332 (and thereby moving the feet 335, 337 away from the edges 340, 336 of the patch 318) decreases the current density around the feet 335, 337, and in particular between the feet 335, 337 and the slot edges 340, 336, which has the effect of increasing the resonant frequency value, and vice versa. However, as the feet 335, 337 are moved away from the edges 340, 336 the return loss value becomes poorer.
  • Figure 8c shows the current density in a resonant state when patch 318 is fed with an excitation signal of approximately 1805 MHz.
  • This frequency band falls in the DCS frequency band - the frequency band for which the -dimensions of the patch 318 were originally calculated.
  • the main area of high current density in this frequency band is indicated approximately by dashed line 805. This area corresponds to the area of most significant electromagnetic radiation from the patch 318 in this resonant state (and therefore in the frequency band centred at around 1805 MHz).
  • the key areas of high current density occur at and around the mid-sections of the two opposing edges 338, 342 and generally across the patch 318 between the two edges 338, 342.
  • the resonant state shown in Figure 8c for the slotted patch 318 corresponds with the resonant state shown in Figure 5b for the unslotted patch 218.
  • This can be appreciated by comparison of the respective key radiation areas shown in Figures 5b and 8c.
  • the feet 335, 337 of the slots 330, 332 do not significantly affect the radiation in this frequency band. This is because the feet 335, 337 are not located in areas of high current density in this resonant state.
  • the third slot 334, and the mid-portions of the slot bodies 331, 333 are located in an area of high current density for this -resonant state and therefore cause a significant increase in current density leading to a reduction in the frequency at which radiation occurs in this state.
  • the slotted patch 318 radiates electromagnetic energy from the key areas shown in Figure 8c in a frequency band (around 1805 MHz) that is lower than the frequency band (around 1971 MHz) in which the unslotted patch 218 resonates.
  • the extent to which the frequency is altered in this resonant state depends on the size and position of the slots 330, 332, 334. For example, shortening the length of the third slot 334 reduces the increase in current density caused by the slot 334 in conjunction with the first and second slots 330, 332, and this reduces the extent to which the slot 334 reduces the resonant frequency of the patch 318 in this resonant state.
  • Figure 8b shows the current density in a resonant state when patch 318 is fed with an excitation signal of approximately 1344 MHz.
  • the main areas of high current density in this frequency band are indicated approximately by dashed lines 803. These areas correspond to the areas of most significant electromagnetic radiation from the patch 318 in this resonant state (and therefore in the frequency band centred at around 1344 MHz).
  • the key areas of high current density occur at and around the feet 335, 337 of the first and second slots 330, 332 and along respective parts of the slot bodies 331, 333 adjacent the feet 335, 337.
  • the third slot 334 does not cause an appreciable area of high current density around itself and so the third slot does not play a significant role in this resonant state.
  • the resonant state at 1344 MHz does not correspond with any of the resonant states shown in Figures 5a to 5c for the unslotted patch 218. Rather, the presence of the slots 330, 332 gives rise to the 1344 MHz resonant state.
  • the slots 330, 332, and in particular the feet 335, 337, serve as pseudo patch edges which radiate electromagnetic energy in a resonant state (and therefore a frequency band) other than those observed for the unslotted patch 218.
  • the resonant frequency in this state depends on the proximity of the feet 335, 337 to the patch edges 340, 336.
  • Figure 8d shows the current density in a resonant state when patch 318 is fed with an excitation signal of approximately 2390 MHz.
  • the main areas of high current density in this resonant state are indicated approximately by dashed lines 807. These areas correspond to the areas of most significant electromagnetic radiation from the patch 318 in this resonant state (and therefore in the frequency band centred at around 2390 MHz).
  • the key areas of high current density occur at and around the feet 335, 337 of the first and second slots 330, 332, along and around the patch edges 336, 340 between the feet 335, 337, and between the mid-portions of the slots 330, 332 and the respective edges 342, 338.
  • the third slot 334 does not play a significant role in this resonant state.
  • the resonant state shown in Figure 8d for the slotted patch 318 corresponds with the resonant state shown in Figure 5c for the unslotted patch 218.
  • the feet 335, 337 are located in areas of significant current density and therefore give rise to an increase in current density around themselves.
  • the respective bodies 331, 333 of the slots 330, 332 are located in areas of significant current density and give rise to areas of increased current density particularly between the mid-portions of the slot bodies 331, 333 and the respective patch edges 342, 338.
  • the increase in current density in key radiation areas has the effect of lowering the resonance frequency.
  • the slotted patch 318 radiates electromagnetic energy from the key areas shown in Figure 8d in a frequency band (around 2390 MHz) that is lower than the frequency band (around 2476 MHz) in which the unslotted patch 218 resonates.
  • the location and size of the slots 330, 332, 334 can be used to adjust the resonance frequency by determining by how much the corresponding natural resonance frequency of the unslotted patch 218 is raised or lowered. For example, in this resonant state, increasing the length of the feet 335, 337 of one or both of the slots 330, 332 tends to decrease the resonant frequency value by increasing current density in key areas of the patch 318, and vice versa. Shortening the length of the slot bodies 331, 333 tends to decrease the current density in key radiation areas which in turn tends to increase the resonant frequency.
  • Figure 8e shows the current density in a resonant state when patch 318 is fed with an excitation signal of approximately 2445 MHz.
  • This frequency band also corresponds to the Bluetooth frequency band.
  • the main areas of high current density in this resonant state are indicated approximately by dashed lines 809. These areas correspond to the areas of most significant electromagnetic radiation from the patch 318 in this resonant state (and therefore in the frequency band centred at around 2445 MHz).
  • the resonant state shown in Figure 8e for the slotted patch 318 does not correspond with any of the natural resonant states shown in Figure 5 for the unslotted patch 218. Rather, the resonant state shown in Figure 8e corresponds to a further natural resonance state of the unslotted patch 218 that is not shown in Figure 5 but which is now evident because its resonance frequency is lowered by the presence of the slots so that it lies in the illustrated frequency range.
  • the location and size of the slots 330, 332, 334 can be used to adjust the resonance frequency. For example, in this resonant state, increasing the length of the feet 335, 337 of one or both of the slots 330, 332 tends to decrease the resonant frequency value by increasing current density in key areas of the patch 318, and vice versa. Shortening the length of the slot bodies 331, 333 tends to decrease the current density in key radiation areas which in turn tends to increase the resonant frequency.
  • Moving one or both of the slots 330, 332 away from the respective edges 342, 338 tends to decrease the operational frequency value (and vice versa) since the slots 330, 332, and particularly the feet 335, 337, are moved into areas of higher current density which in turn increases the current density around the slot 330, 332 edges in this resonant state.
  • increasing the length of the third slot 334 tends to decrease the operational frequency in this resonant state because the increase in the length of the slot edges causes a corresponding increase in current density around the slot 334 (and vice versa).
  • the dimensions and locations of the slots 330, 332, 334 also have an effect on the return loss value (which relates to the efficiency of the patch 318) in at least some of the resonant frequency bands. This is a result of a change in the effective impedance of the patch 318 with respect to the feed point 326 caused by the presence of the slots 330, 332, 334.
  • alterations to one or more of the slots 330, 332, 334 can provide a better impedance match between the patch 318 and the feed mechanism 324 which improves the efficiency, and therefore the return loss value, of the antenna.
  • FIG. 7 shows a preferred slot arrangement in patch 318 (based on the unslotted patch 218 of Figure 4) for an antenna intended for operation primarily in the two frequency bands GSM and DCS.
  • the feed point 326 is located approximately 10.01 mm from a corner 380 of the patch 318 along the longer edge 336, and approximately 8.53 mm from the corner 380 along the shorter edge 338.
  • the width of both the first slot 330 and the second slot 332 is approximately 0.57 mm (width of the body portions 331, 333 and of the feet portions 335, 337), and the length of the body portions 331, 333 is approximately 21.09 mm.
  • the feet 335, 337 are spaced from the respective edges 340, 336 by a distance approximately the same as the width of the slots 330, 332 (i.e. 0.57 mm).
  • the length of the feet 335 of the first slot 330 is approximately 4.20 mm, while the length of the feet 337 of the second slot 332 is approximately 1.71 mm.
  • the body 331 of the first slot 330 is substantially parallel with the patch edge 342 with the feet 335 are spaced approximately 3.89 mm from the edge 342.
  • the body 333 of the second slot 332 is substantially parallel with the patch edge 338 with the feet 337 are spaced approximately 5.13 mm from the edge 338.
  • the third slot 334 is approximately 0.57 mm in width and approximately 12.00 mm in length.
  • the third slot 334 is substantially centrally located with respect to the edges 336, 340 (approximately 11.4 mm from each edge 336, 340), and is spaced approximately 11.37 mm from the edge 342.
  • the slots 330, 332 (including feet 335, 337) are approximately 95% of the width of the patch 318, the feet 335 are approximately 12.3% of the length of the patch 318, the feet 337 are approximately 5% of the length of the patch, and the third slot 334 is approximately 35% of the length of the patch.
  • the slots 330, 332, 334 account for approximately 5% of the total area of the patch 318 surface.
  • the feed point does not necessarily have to be positioned exactly on, or exactly in-line with, said notional straight line (or diagonal in the case of a generally rectangular patch) in order to achieve the effects described herein.
  • the feed point 326 may be positioned within an area that extends approximately 2 mm perpendicularly from the diagonal from corner 380 to the centre of the patch 318, and from both sides of the diagonal.
  • the required proximity of the feed point to the diagonal will depend on the dimensions of the patch and on the arrangement of any slots provided therein.
  • Figure 9 shows plots of return loss (dB) against frequency (GHz) for the patch 318. It will be seen that the patch 318 exhibits return loss peaks 901, 903 falling respectively in the GSM and DCS frequency bands (corresponding to the resonance states shown in Figures 8a and 8c respectively). The value and position of each return loss peak 901, 903 are each considered to be more than adequate to allow an antenna comprising the patch 318 to operate, both for transmitting and/or receiving signals, in the GSM and DCS frequency bands. The Figure 9 plot also shows further return loss peaks 902, 904, 905 corresponding to the resonance states shown in Figures 8b, 8d and 8e respectively.
  • the respective values of the return loss peaks 902, 904, 905 are poorer than for the peaks 901, 903 but this is expected as the patch 318 is not designed specifically to operate in the corresponding frequency bands. It will appreciated, however, that the peaks 902, 904, 905 are nonetheless significant and represent possible further operational frequency bands for -the patch 318. To arrange the patch 318 for commercial operation in the frequency bands corresponding to peaks 902, 904, 905, it would be desirable to improve the value of the respective return losses by adjustment of the shape size and/or position of the slots in accordance with the teaching described above.
  • the resonance peak 902 is close to the GPS frequency band and if it is desired for the patch 318 to operate in the GPS band, then this too can be achieved by manipulation of the slots in accordance with the teaching described above. Similar comments apply with respect to the resonance peaks 904, 905, which lie very close to the Bluetooth frequency band.
  • one slot may be used on its own, particularly in cases where it is only desired to provide a patch for operation. in only two frequencies. More than one slot is preferred as it facilitates the adjustment of a larger number of frequency bands - for example, one slot can be used to adjust the frequency value and/or return loss value primarily in one resonant frequency state, while another slot can be used to adjust the frequency value and/or return loss value primarily in another resonant frequency state.
  • the first slot 330 was used primarily to adjust the value of the resonance frequency in the resonant state shown in Figure 8a (corresponding to the GSM frequency band) but also to adjust the return loss value in the resonant state corresponding to the DCS frequency band ( Figure 8c).
  • the second slot 332 was also used primarily to adjust the frequency value in the resonant state corresponding to GSM.
  • the third slot 334 was used primarily to adjust the value of the frequency in the resonant state corresponding to DCS.
  • a slot or part-slot
  • moving a slot (or part-slot) into or towards an area of higher radiation density further increases current density and lowers frequency.
  • the slot(s) can give rise to additional resonant states that are not appreciable in an unslotted patch. This is particularly the case when the slot(s) (or part-slot(s)) are located in close proximity with, and substantially in parallel with, a patch edge.
  • Increasing the length of the feet 337 of the slot 332 causes the resonant frequencies shown in Figures 8a, 8b, 8d and 8e to be lowered but also results in a poorer return loss value in the band corresponding to Figure 8b.
  • Increasing the length of the feet 335 of slot 330 acts to shift the operational frequencies shown in Figures 8a, 8b, 8d and 8e lower (and vice versa).
  • Shortening the length of the body portions 331, 333 serves to increase the operational frequency values in the resonant states of Figures 8a, 8b, 8d and 8e, but gives a poorer return loss value in the frequency bands of Figures 8a and 8b. It is noted that increasing the width of the slots 330, 332 does not have a significant affect on the performance of the patch 318.
  • the resonance states of both a slotted or unslotted patch may occur in different frequency bands to those described above and so the slots may have effect in different frequency bands.
  • slot design techniques described herein may be applied to patches that are not necessarily fed from a point on a diagonal.
  • Having more than one slot in the patch is preferred as this facilitates manipulation of more than one operational frequency. It will be appreciated, however, that an operable patch may also be achieved using only one slot.
  • the or each slot does not necessarily have to be I-shaped. It is preferred, however, that at least one slot includes a first and a second non-parallel slot portions. This increases the length of slot edges in a given area (for example around the feet) which increases the effect that the slot has on the operational frequencies. More preferably, the first and second slot portions are substantially perpendicular with each other. This is particularly useful for generally rectangular patches as it allows the slot to be positioned with a respective portion substantially parallel with a respective patch edge. For a non-rectangular patch, the relative angle between the first and second slot portions can be set accordingly.
  • the feet portions of the slot need not necessarily be located at the very end of the body portion.
  • the second non-parallel slot portion need not necessarily be integral with the first slot portion.
  • the feet portions may be detached from the body portion. This results in a decrease in current density particularly in the area between the feet portions and the body portion.
  • the reduction in current density leads to an increase in operational frequency in the resonant states where the key radiation areas include the area around the feet portions, namely the resonant states shown in Figures 8a, 8b, 8d and 8e. It is also found that separating the feet from the body improves the return loss value in the DCS frequency band (Fig. 8c).
  • the feet portions of an I-shaped slot may be omitted.
  • omitting the feet gives a poorer return loss value in the frequency bands shown in Figures 8a and 8b.
  • a further alternative is to omit at least part of the body portion of the slot.
  • the mid-portion of the slot body may be removed to leave two spaced apart T-shaped slots.
  • This arrangement is suitable in cases where the patch is intended for operation in frequency bands where the mid-portions of the slots do not play a significant role.
  • the mid-portions of slots 330, 332 do not play a significant role (see Figures 8a and 8b) and may be omitted.
  • an antenna it is generally desirable for an antenna to produce as symmetrical a radiation pattern as possible, and so it is preferred if the slots are generally symmetrical in shape and generally symmetrical in arrangement in the patch.
  • the patch need not necessarily be rectangular, or generally rectangular, in shape.
  • the patch may be shaped to conform with the shape of the apparatus, e.g. mobile telephone handset, into which it is to be incorporated.
  • the invention is not limited to use with antennas in which the patch is fed directly with an excitation signal.
  • Other conventional feed arrangements such as coupling, coplanar waveguide or microstrip feedline, can also be used.
  • the feed point is arranged, in accordance with the invention, to be substantially on, or in-line with, a notional line from a corner of the patch to the centre of the patch.
  • the patch 118, 218, 318 is capable of both transmitting and receiving signals in multiple frequency bands.
  • the patch 218, 318 of the invention is mounted on a front end module (FEM) that is arranged for both transmitting and receiving signals in the appropriate frequency bands.
  • FEM front end module
  • the patch 218, 318 may alternatively be used with an FEM that is receive-only or transmit-only.
  • the patches 118, 218, 318 may resonate in further frequency bands than described herein.
  • a small Return Loss Peak 604 is present at approximately 2750 MHz.
  • additional Return Loss Peaks are not utilised by the preferred embodiment of the invention.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
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EP01202677A 2001-07-12 2001-07-12 Mehrbandantenne Expired - Lifetime EP1276170B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

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DE60122698T DE60122698T2 (de) 2001-07-12 2001-07-12 Mehrbandantenne
AT01202677T ATE338354T1 (de) 2001-07-12 2001-07-12 Mehrbandantenne
EP01202677A EP1276170B1 (de) 2001-07-12 2001-07-12 Mehrbandantenne

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Cited By (9)

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WO2007000749A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Universidade Do Minho Integrated tunable micro-antenna with small electrical dimensions and manufacturing method thereof
GB2453160A (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-01 Motorola Inc Patch antenna with slots
CN104137340A (zh) * 2012-02-09 2014-11-05 Ace技术株式会社 雷达阵列天线
US20160079676A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Taoglas Group Holdings Limited Wifi patch antenna with dual u-shaped slots
US9300050B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2016-03-29 Bang & Olufsen A/S Multiband RF antenna
EP3343697A1 (de) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-04 Nxp B.V. Patch-antenne
CN112635981A (zh) * 2019-09-24 2021-04-09 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司 天线组件、天线阵列和通信设备
CN112928480A (zh) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-08 东莞泰升音响科技有限公司 一种新型ltcc贴片式蓝牙天线
WO2023049149A1 (en) * 2021-09-23 2023-03-30 Rogers Corporation Dual band antenna

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DE102016011815B3 (de) 2016-10-05 2018-02-15 IAD Gesellschaft für Informatik, Automatisierung und Datenverarbeitung mbH Betriebsgerät mit gestaffeltem Überspannungs- und Überstromschutz für die Ansteuerung von intelligenten Leuchtmitteln und Geräten sowie Leuchtmittel mit diesem Betriebsgerät

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007000749A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Universidade Do Minho Integrated tunable micro-antenna with small electrical dimensions and manufacturing method thereof
GB2453160A (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-01 Motorola Inc Patch antenna with slots
GB2453160B (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-09-30 Motorola Inc Radio frequency antenna
CN104137340A (zh) * 2012-02-09 2014-11-05 Ace技术株式会社 雷达阵列天线
US9300050B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2016-03-29 Bang & Olufsen A/S Multiband RF antenna
US9954285B2 (en) * 2014-09-12 2018-04-24 Taoglas Group Holdings Limited WiFi patch antenna with dual u-shaped slots
US20160079676A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Taoglas Group Holdings Limited Wifi patch antenna with dual u-shaped slots
EP3343697A1 (de) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-04 Nxp B.V. Patch-antenne
US11322847B2 (en) 2016-12-30 2022-05-03 Nxp B.V. Patch antenna
CN112635981A (zh) * 2019-09-24 2021-04-09 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司 天线组件、天线阵列和通信设备
CN112635981B (zh) * 2019-09-24 2023-08-22 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司 天线组件、天线阵列和通信设备
CN112928480A (zh) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-08 东莞泰升音响科技有限公司 一种新型ltcc贴片式蓝牙天线
CN112928480B (zh) * 2021-02-05 2023-03-14 东莞泰升音响科技有限公司 一种新型ltcc贴片式蓝牙天线
WO2023049149A1 (en) * 2021-09-23 2023-03-30 Rogers Corporation Dual band antenna
GB2624348A (en) * 2021-09-23 2024-05-15 Rogers Corp Dual band antenna

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DE60122698D1 (de) 2006-10-12
ATE338354T1 (de) 2006-09-15
EP1276170B1 (de) 2006-08-30
DE60122698T2 (de) 2007-08-30

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