EP1276021B1 - Escape for timekeeper - Google Patents

Escape for timekeeper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1276021B1
EP1276021B1 EP01202461A EP01202461A EP1276021B1 EP 1276021 B1 EP1276021 B1 EP 1276021B1 EP 01202461 A EP01202461 A EP 01202461A EP 01202461 A EP01202461 A EP 01202461A EP 1276021 B1 EP1276021 B1 EP 1276021B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lever
apex
tooth
housing
wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01202461A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1276021A1 (en
Inventor
Ludwig Oechslin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ulysse Nardin SA
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Ulysse Nardin SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Ulysse Nardin SA filed Critical Ulysse Nardin SA
Priority to DE60137211T priority Critical patent/DE60137211D1/en
Priority to EP01202461A priority patent/EP1276021B1/en
Priority to AT01202461T priority patent/ATE419564T1/en
Publication of EP1276021A1 publication Critical patent/EP1276021A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1276021B1 publication Critical patent/EP1276021B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an escapement arranged to be arranged between a cog and a platform to which a pendulum of a timepiece is attached, the balance being able to traverse a free oscillation arc and to receive maintenance pulses. oscillations, this exhaust comprising in particular a toothed wheel arranged to be driven by the gear train.
  • a single plate supporting the sprung balance cooperates with a first latch which in turn cooperates with a second latch, the two latches cooperating alternately with a single escape wheel. It will therefore be understood that the entire escapement mechanism is confined in a single plane and thus the overall height of this mechanism is halved compared to the footprint occupied by the exhaust of the cited document. Similarly, the use of a single escape wheel instead of two greatly reduces the size in the plane of the exhaust and the inertia of the exhaust mechanism.
  • the escapement of the present invention is characterized in that it further comprises first and second latches able to receive alternately impulses generated by the wheel, the second flip-flop being also able to transmit the pulses received to the first flip-flop, the first flip-flop being arranged to transmit the pulses received from the wheel and those received from the second flip-flop to the plate to drive it into rotating and maintaining oscillations of the balance, said first and second rockers being arranged to alternately block said escape wheel after each pulse transmitted.
  • first and second latches of the invention fulfill a dual function: firstly, to transmit to the plate respectively to the first latch the pulses received from the escape wheel and then to block said wheel alternately after each pulse.
  • the figure 1 represents the entire exhaust mechanism according to the invention.
  • the escapement 1 is arranged, as is usual, between a cog and a plate 2 supporting a balance-spring of a timepiece.
  • the balance-spring not shown in the figures, is able, as is known, to go through a free oscillation arc and arranged to receive maintenance pulses of these oscillations.
  • the wheel also called finishing, is the set of wheels and gears which, a barrel, transmits the driving force to an escape wheel.
  • the wheel is represented by its last wheel 40, associated with the pinion 41.
  • the wheel 40 drives an exhaust wheel 3 by the pinion 42 which is secured thereto.
  • the present invention is remarkable in that it comprises first and second latches 4 and 5 adapted to receive pulses generated by the escape wheel 3 as shown by FIG. well the figures accompanying this description.
  • the second flip-flop 5 transmits the pulses received to the first flip-flop 4 which alternately transmits the pulses received by the wheel 3 and those received by the second flip-flop 5 to the plate 2 to drive it in rotation so as to maintain the oscillations of the sprung balance integral with the plate 2.
  • the same figures also make apparent the fact that the first and second latches respectively 4 and 5 are arranged to alternately block the wheel 3, after each pulse has been transmitted to the plate 2.
  • the first rocker 4 equipping the exhaust according to the invention is supported by a shaft 6 pivoting freely in a plate (not shown) that includes the timepiece.
  • This first latch 4 has a generally triangular general shape, delimited by three vertices.
  • a first vertex 41 of the first latch 4 comprises two teeth 11 and 12 capable of meshing with a single tooth 13 that the plate 2 comprises, a situation of total meshing being well apparent to the figures 3 and 8 .
  • These four elements 42, 43, 14 and 16 define three housings 7, 9 and 15, referenced in particular on the figure 2 . It will be noted that the intersection between the tab 14 and the first housing 7 defines an edge 25.
  • the second flip-flop 5 also has a generally triangular general shape delimited by three vertices.
  • a first vertex 51 of the second flip-flop 5 is preferably of concentrically rounded shape with respect to the axis of the shaft 19 supporting the second flip-flop 5.
  • Second and third apices 52 and 53 between which are present a fin-shaped tooth 37 and a driving tooth 10.
  • the second top 52 has on its outer edge a curved crown cut-out 21 ( Figure 4A ) whose radius of curvature R2 passes through the axis of the shaft 19 supporting the second rocker 5. This radius of curvature R2 is substantially the same as the radius of curvature R1.
  • These four elements 52, 53, 37 and 10 define three housings 17, 18 and 20, referenced in particular on the figure 2 .
  • the first housing 17 has a shape complementary to the tab 14 of the first latch 4 and this in order to block the first latch 4 relative to the second.
  • FIGS. 2 to 11 are plan views according to ten successive phases of the escapement according to the invention, these phases covering two complete oscillations of the sprung balance.
  • the two latches 4 and 5 when in motion, always rotate in an opposite direction. So when the first rocker turns in the direction A1 ( figures 2 and 3 ), respectively B1 ( figures 7 and 8 ), the second flip-flop turns in the opposite direction B2 ( figures 2 and 3 ), respectively A2 ( figures 7 and 8 ). For this, the two flip-flops 4 and 5 must always be kinematically linked.
  • the driving tooth 10 of the second latch 5 engages in the second housing 9 of the first latch 4 ( figure 3 ), then the driving tooth 16 of the first latch 4 engages in the third housing 20 of the second latch 5 and the flap 37 of the second latch 5 is housed in the third housing 15 of the first latch 4 while that the lug 14 of the first latch 4 marries the first housing 17 of the second latch 5, the two latches then being in abutment ( figure 4 , 5 , 6 and 7 ).
  • flip-flops 4 and 5 change direction of rotation and the previously described steps occur in reverse order ( Figures 8 to 11 ).
  • the step corresponding to the figure 3 finds himself at the figure 8 .
  • the driving tooth 10 of the second flip-flop 5 engages in the second housing 9 of the first flip-flop 4 and makes it possible to transmit to the first flip-flop 4 the pulse received from the escape wheel 3 by the second flip-flop 5.
  • each leading edge 22 has a first curved top cutout 23, called the locking face, whose radius of curvature R3 is substantially the same as the radii of curvature R1 and R2. respectively the outer edge 46 of the lug 14 of the first latch 4 and the curved cutout 21 of the second latch 5.
  • FIG. figure 4 A similar situation, blocking the wheel 3, is shown in FIG. figure 4 , where this time the blocking face 23 comes to bear against the curved cutout 21 of the second top 52 of the second flip-flop 5.
  • Each front flank 22 also has a second cutout 24, in an arc of a circle, called the face of pulse, this second cut 24 extending the first cut 23.
  • this pulse face 24 comes to bear against the edge 25 defined as the intersection of the outer edge 46 of the lug 14 of the first latch 4 and the first housing 7 of the same latch.
  • This support drives the first rocker 4 in rotation in the direction of the arrow A1 and, consequently, drives the plate 2 in the direction of the arrow E.
  • the pulse is thus given to the sprung balance.
  • the impulse face 24 comes to bear against an edge 26 defined as being the intersection of the first housing 17 of the second flip-flop 5 and the curved cutout 21 of the same flip-flop.
  • This support causes the second flip-flop 5 to rotate in the direction of the arrow A2, which itself drives the first flip-flop 4 in rotation in the direction of the inverse arrow B1 in the direction of the arrow A2 and, consequently, causes the plate 2 in the direction of the arrow M inverse in the direction of the arrow E.
  • the reverse pulse is thus given to the sprung balance.
  • a first embodiment consists in providing the second and third vertices 42 and 43 of the first latch 4 and the third vertex 53 of the second latch 5, respectively first and second horns 27 and 28 for the first latch 4 and a horn 29 for the second flip-flop 5 as shown by the Figures 1 to 11 and especially figures 4 and 9 .
  • the first horn 27 of the first rocker 4 abuts against the flank rear 39 of a tooth 8 of the wheel 3.
  • the horn 29 of the second rocker 5 abuts against the rear flank 36 of the second horn 28 of the first rocker 4.
  • the rear flank 39 of the teeth in question is defined as turning the back to the direction of advance of the wheel noted by the arrow F.
  • a second execution is to limit the execution of flip-flops 4 and 5 by means of three pins 30 and 31 and 47 stuck in the timepiece plate as shown on the figures 12 and 13 , corresponding to figures 4 and 9 .
  • the horns 27 and 28 fitted to the first rocker 4 and the horn 29 fitted to the second rocker 5 are no longer necessary and can be removed.
  • the second and third vertices 42 and 43 of the first flip-flop 4 could end along the curve 32, respectively 33, as well as for the third vertex 53 of the second flip-flop which could end according to the curve 34.
  • the mechanism is stopped.
  • the escape wheel 3 is blocked because the locking face 23 of its tooth 8 rests on the outer edge 46 of the lug 14 of the first latch 4, which is also blocked.
  • the angular excursion of the first and second latches respectively 4 and 5 is at the end of stroke since the horn 29 of the second latch 5 rests on the rear flank 36 of the third vertex 43 of the first latch 4.
  • the second latch 5 is blocked by the second horn 28 of the first flip-flop 4 which is housed in the second housing 18 of the second flip-flop 5. At this moment the balance-spring is close to the end of oscillation (arrow E) or close to the end of the second alternation of this oscillation.
  • the tooth 13 of the plate 2 comes into contact with the tooth 12 of the first latch 4 and will cause said latch in the direction of the arrow A1, which itself will cause the second latch 5 in the direction of the arrow B2. It is a phase of disengagement of the second rocker 5 where on the one hand the horn 29 can slide on the rear flank 36 of the second horn 28 of the first rocker 4 and on the other hand the outer edge 46 of the leg 14 of the first latch 4 may fade before the blocking face 23 of the 8. Note that the second top 52 of the second rocker 5 can pass without rubbing in front of the teeth 8 of the wheel 3 exhaust.
  • the first latch 4 continues its course in the direction of the arrow A1, driven that it is by the plate 2.
  • the tooth 13 of the plate is fully engaged between the two teeth 11 and 12 of the first latch 4.
  • the tooth 8 of the exhaust wheel 3 has penetrated into the second housing 9 of the first latch 4 and the impulse face 24 of the tooth 8 comes into contact with the edge 25 of the second latch 4.
  • the wheel of 3 exhaust is then driven in the direction of the arrow F through the gear whose last element 40 was shown in figure 1 . It is a pulse phase which launches the plate 2 in the direction of the arrow E and rotates the first rocker 4 in the direction of the arrow A1, until the first rocker 4 meets the blocking face 23 a tooth 8 of the wheel 3 exhaust.
  • the driving tooth 16 of the first latch 4 meshes with the third housing 20 of the second latch 5 and thus drives it in the direction of the arrow B2, opposite in the direction of the arrow A1.
  • the situation of the first flip-flop 4 is the same as that described above with the difference that its tooth 11 adjoins the edge 38 of the plate 2 to prevent overturning. Tray 2 continues to rotate in the direction of arrow E and travels the first alternation of his second free oscillation. Flip-flops 4 and 5 and wheel 3 are still locked.
  • the plate 2 After having traversed its first alternation, the plate 2 returns in the opposite direction shown by the arrow M and travels the second alternation of its second free oscillation.
  • the second lever 5 always blocks the wheel 3 and the first lever 4 which is always prevented from overturning by the action of its tooth 11 against the edge 38 of the plate 2.
  • the mechanism is still blocked.
  • the escape wheel 3 is blocked because the locking face 23 of its tooth 8 rests against the curved cutout 21 of the second apex 52 of the second flip-flop 5, which is thus also blocked.
  • the angular excursion of the first and second flip-flops 4 and 5 is exhausted since the first horn 27 of the first flip-flop 4 rests on the rear flank 39 of the tooth of the escape wheel 3.
  • the first flip-flop 4 is blocked. by the lug 14 which is housed in the first housing 17 complementary to the second rocker 5. At this time the sprung balance is close to the end of oscillation (arrow M) or near the end of second alternation of this oscillation.
  • the tooth 13 of the plate 2 comes into contact with the tooth 11 of the first latch 4 which will drive the latter in the direction of the arrow B1, which itself will cause the second latch 5 in the direction of the arrow A2, opposite in the direction of the arrow B1. It is a phase of disengagement of the first rocker 4 where on the one hand the first horn 27 can slide on the rear flank 39 of the tooth 8 and on the other hand the driving tooth 10 of the second flip-flop 5 can mesh in the first housing 7 of the first latch 4 and where the second top 52 of the second latch 5 can be erased in front of the locking face 23 of the tooth 8.
  • the first latch 4 continues its course in the direction of the arrow B1, driven that it is by the plate 2. At this moment the tooth 13 of the plate is fully engaged between the two teeth 11 and 12 of the first latch 4. The tooth 8 of the escape wheel 3 has penetrated into the first housing 17 of the second flip-flop and the impulse face 24 of the tooth 8 comes into contact with the edge 26 of said flip-flop. The escape wheel 3 is then driven in the direction of the arrow F via the gear train whose last element 40 has been shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the situation of the first flip-flop 4 is the same as that described above with the difference that its tooth 11 adjoins the edge 38 of the plate 2 to prevent overturning.
  • the plate 2 continues to rotate in the direction of the arrow M and travels the first half of its second free oscillation. Flip-flops 4 and 5 and wheel 3 are still locked.
  • the plateau 2 After having traversed its first alternation, the plateau 2 returns in the opposite direction shown by the arrow E and travels the second alternation of its second free oscillation.
  • the first latch 4 always blocks the wheel 3 and the second rocker 5, and is always prevented from overturning by the action of its tooth 11 against the edge 38 of the plate 2.
  • the impulse on the first flip-flop 4 is given by a tooth 8 of the escape wheel 3 on an edge 25 made on the flip-flop 4 (see FIG. figure 3 ), and the same for the pulse on the second flip-flop 5 given by a tooth of the wheel on an edge 26 (see figure 8 ).
  • the portion of tooth that gives this pulse is the second cutout 24 which has a shape in a circular arc.
  • first and second latches 4 and 5 are communicated to the plate 2 by at least one intermediate piece, here called first and second latches 4 and 5.
  • Anchor escapement however has a disadvantage, namely the retreat of the escape wheel at the time of release, this recoil has the disadvantage of braking the balance and therefore consume energy.
  • the radius of curvature R 1 of the outer edge of the lug 14 of the first latch 4 is the same as the radius of curvature R 3 of the first blank 23 of the tooth 8 of wheel 3 which is the same as the radius of curvature R2 of the curved cutout 21 of the second flip-flop 5 (see FIG. figures 3 , 4 , 8 and 9 ).
  • the proposed system does not need to be lubricated. This is due to the contact surfaces reduced to a minimum both as regards the region where the pulse is given (edges 25 and 26 cutout 24) that the region concerned by the clearance (cut 23 of very small area).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Predetermined Time Intervals (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

A gear train drives an escapement wheel (3) through a pinion (42) and the wheel is in contact with first and second rockers (4,5). The rockers alternately receive impulses from the toothed wheel and always rotate in opposite senses. The first rocker receives impulses from both the toothed wheel and the second rocker and passes them to the balance wheel plate (2) which has a single tooth

Description

La présente invention est relative à un échappement agencé pour être disposé entre un rouage et un plateau auquel est attaché un balancier d'un garde-temps, le balancier étant apte à parcourir un arc d'oscillation libre et à recevoir des impulsions d'entretien des oscillations, cet échappement comportant notamment une roue dentée agencée pour être entraînée par le rouage.The present invention relates to an escapement arranged to be arranged between a cog and a platform to which a pendulum of a timepiece is attached, the balance being able to traverse a free oscillation arc and to receive maintenance pulses. oscillations, this exhaust comprising in particular a toothed wheel arranged to be driven by the gear train.

Le déposant de la présente invention a déjà proposé un échappement répondant en partie à la définition qui vient d'être donnée et dont une description est explicitée dans le document EP-A-1 041 459 . Ce document décrit un échappement comprenant des première et seconde roues engrenant l'une avec l'autre. L'une de ces roues est entraînée par le rouage. Des premier et second plateaux solidaires d'un arbre commun supportent un balancier-spiral. Les roues et le premier plateau sont pourvus de moyens permettant audit premier plateau de recevoir des impulsions directes délivrées alternativement par les première et seconde roues en vue d'entretenir les oscillations du balancier. Le second plateau est pourvu de moyens pour entraîner une bascule de blocage arrangée pour bloquer alternativement lesdites première et seconde roues.The applicant of the present invention has already proposed an escape partially answering the definition which has just been given and a description of which is explained in the document EP-A-1 041 459 . This document describes an escapement comprising first and second wheels meshing with each other. One of these wheels is driven by the gear train. First and second plates integral with a common shaft support a balance-spiral. The wheels and the first plate are provided with means allowing said first plate to receive direct pulses delivered alternately by the first and second wheels in order to maintain oscillations of the balance. The second plate is provided with means for driving a locking rocker arranged to alternately block said first and second wheels.

L'idée développée dans cette citation d'utiliser deux plateaux superposés, l'un servant à recevoir des impulsions directes conférées alternativement par les première et seconde roues et l'autre servant à bloquer alternativement, par l'intermédiaire d'une bascule, lesdites première et seconde roues, a été abandonnée dans la présente invention pour des raisons évidentes de simplification du mécanisme. De plus, l'utilisation de première et seconde roues engrenant l'une avec l'autre, a été en partie abandonnée pour des raisons d'encombrement et d'inertie lors de l'accélération du mécanisme d'échappement.The idea developed in this quote to use two superimposed trays, one for receiving direct pulses alternately conferred by the first and second wheels and the other used to block alternately, via a rocker, said first and second wheels, was abandoned in the present invention for obvious reasons of simplification of the mechanism. In addition, the use of first and second wheels meshing with each other, has been partly abandoned for reasons of size and inertia during the acceleration of the exhaust mechanism.

Comme on le verra dans la description qui va suivre, un plateau unique supportant le balancier-spiral coopère avec une première bascule qui coopère à son tour avec une seconde bascule, les deux bascules coopérant alternativement avec une roue d'échappement unique. On comprendra donc que tout le mécanisme d'échappement est confiné dans un seul plan et qu'ainsi l'encombrement en hauteur de ce mécanisme est diminué de moitié par rapport à l'encombrement occupé par l'échappement du document cité. De même, l'utilisation d'une seule roue d'échappement au lieu de deux réduit fortement l'encombrement dans le plan de l'échappement ainsi que l'inertie du mécanisme d'échappement.As will be seen in the description which follows, a single plate supporting the sprung balance cooperates with a first latch which in turn cooperates with a second latch, the two latches cooperating alternately with a single escape wheel. It will therefore be understood that the entire escapement mechanism is confined in a single plane and thus the overall height of this mechanism is halved compared to the footprint occupied by the exhaust of the cited document. Similarly, the use of a single escape wheel instead of two greatly reduces the size in the plane of the exhaust and the inertia of the exhaust mechanism.

Ainsi l'échappement de la présente invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre des première et seconde bascules aptes à recevoir alternativement des impulsions engendrées par la roue, la seconde bascule étant également apte à transmettre les impulsions reçues à la première bascule, la première bascule étant agencée pour transmettre les impulsions reçues de la roue et celles reçues de la seconde bascule au plateau pour l'entraîner en rotation et entretenir les oscillations du balancier, lesdites première et seconde bascules étant arrangées pour bloquer alternativement ladite roue d'échappement après chaque impulsion transmise.Thus the escapement of the present invention is characterized in that it further comprises first and second latches able to receive alternately impulses generated by the wheel, the second flip-flop being also able to transmit the pulses received to the first flip-flop, the first flip-flop being arranged to transmit the pulses received from the wheel and those received from the second flip-flop to the plate to drive it into rotating and maintaining oscillations of the balance, said first and second rockers being arranged to alternately block said escape wheel after each pulse transmitted.

On aura donc compris que les première et seconde bascules de l'invention remplissent une double fonction : celle d'abord de transmettre au plateau respectivement à la première bascule les impulsions reçues de la roue d'échappement et celle ensuite de bloquer alternativement ladite roue après chaque impulsion.It will therefore be understood that the first and second latches of the invention fulfill a dual function: firstly, to transmit to the plate respectively to the first latch the pulses received from the escape wheel and then to block said wheel alternately after each pulse.

L'invention va être expliquée maintenant en détail ci-dessous par un mode d'exécution donné en exemple, cette exécution étant illustrée par les dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue plan globale de l'échappement selon l'invention,
  • les figures 2 à 11 sont des vues agrandies en plan de l'échappement selon l'invention représenté en dix stades différents décrivant deux oscillations complètes du balancier,
  • les figures 12 et 13 représentent un autre mode de réalisation selon l'invention correspondant respectivement aux figures 4 et 9.
The invention will now be explained in detail below by an exemplary embodiment, this embodiment being illustrated by the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a global plan view of the escapement according to the invention,
  • the Figures 2 to 11 are enlarged plan views of the exhaust according to the invention shown in ten different stages describing two complete oscillations of the balance,
  • the figures 12 and 13 represent another embodiment according to the invention corresponding respectively to figures 4 and 9 .

La figure 1 représente l'ensemble du mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention. L'échappement 1 est disposé, comme cela est habituel, entre un rouage et un plateau 2 supportant un balancier-spiral d'un garde-temps. Le balancier-spiral, non représenté sur les figures, est apte, comme cela est connu, à parcourir un arc d'oscillation libre et arrangé pour recevoir des impulsions d'entretien de ces oscillations. Par définition, le rouage, appelé aussi finissage, est l'ensemble des roues et pignons qui, d'un barillet, transmet la force motrice à une roue d'échappement. En figure 1, le rouage est représenté par sa dernière roue 40, associée au pignon 41. La roue 40 entraîne une roue 3 d'échappement par le pignon 42 qui lui est solidaire.The figure 1 represents the entire exhaust mechanism according to the invention. The escapement 1 is arranged, as is usual, between a cog and a plate 2 supporting a balance-spring of a timepiece. The balance-spring, not shown in the figures, is able, as is known, to go through a free oscillation arc and arranged to receive maintenance pulses of these oscillations. By definition, the wheel, also called finishing, is the set of wheels and gears which, a barrel, transmits the driving force to an escape wheel. In figure 1 , the wheel is represented by its last wheel 40, associated with the pinion 41. The wheel 40 drives an exhaust wheel 3 by the pinion 42 which is secured thereto.

Ce qui vient d'être dit est connu du document EP-A-1 041 459 qui montre déjà un échappement comportant deux roues engrenant l'une avec l'autre et arrangées pour transmettre des impulsions directes à un premier plateau tandis qu'un second plateau entraîne une bascule bloquant tour à tour la première puis la seconde roue d'échappement.What has just been said is known from the document EP-A-1 041 459 which already shows an escapement comprising two wheels meshing with each other and arranged to transmit direct pulses to a first plate while a second plate causes a rocker blocking in turn the first then the second escape wheel.

Par rapport à cette disposition antérieure, la présente invention est remarquable en ce qu'elle comporte des première et seconde bascules 4 et 5 aptes à recevoir des impulsions engendrées par la roue d'échappement 3 comme le montrent bien les figures accompagnant cette description. De façon tout à fait générale, ces figures rendent évident le fait que la seconde bascule 5, à son tour, transmet les impulsions reçues à la première bascule 4 qui transmet alternativement les impulsions reçues par la roue 3 et celles reçues par la seconde bascule 5 au plateau 2 pour l'entraîner en rotation de façon à entretenir les oscillations du balancier-spiral solidaire de ce plateau 2. Les mêmes figures rendent aussi apparent le fait que les première et seconde bascules respectivement 4 et 5 sont arrangées pour bloquer alternativement la roue d'échappement 3, ceci après que chaque impulsion ait été transmise au plateau 2.With respect to this prior arrangement, the present invention is remarkable in that it comprises first and second latches 4 and 5 adapted to receive pulses generated by the escape wheel 3 as shown by FIG. well the figures accompanying this description. In a very general manner, these figures make it obvious that the second flip-flop 5, in turn, transmits the pulses received to the first flip-flop 4 which alternately transmits the pulses received by the wheel 3 and those received by the second flip-flop 5 to the plate 2 to drive it in rotation so as to maintain the oscillations of the sprung balance integral with the plate 2. The same figures also make apparent the fact that the first and second latches respectively 4 and 5 are arranged to alternately block the wheel 3, after each pulse has been transmitted to the plate 2.

On va examiner maintenant plus en détail un mode d'exécution préféré de l'invention qui permet de mettre en oeuvre le principe d'échappement défini au paragraphe ci-dessus.We will now discuss in more detail a preferred embodiment of the invention that allows to implement the principle of escape defined in the paragraph above.

Comme le montrent les figures, la première bascule 4 équipant l'échappement selon l'invention est supportée par un arbre 6 pivotant librement dans une platine (non représentée) que comporte le garde-temps. Cette première bascule 4 présente une forme générale sensiblement triangulaire, délimitée par trois sommets. Un premier sommet 41 de la première bascule 4 comporte deux dents 11 et 12 susceptibles d'engrener avec une dent unique 13 que comporte le plateau 2, une situation d'engrènement total étant bien apparent aux figures 3 et 8. Des deuxième et troisième sommets 42 et 43, entre lesquels sont présentes une dent en forme de patte 14, présentant sur son bord extérieur une configuration circulaire dont le rayon de courbure R1 passe par l'axe de l'arbre 6 supportant la première bascule 4, et une dent d'entraînement 16. Ces quatre éléments 42, 43, 14 et 16 définissent trois logements 7, 9 et 15, référencés notamment sur la figure 2. On notera que l'intersection entre la patte 14 et le premier logement 7 définissent une arête 25.As shown in the figures, the first rocker 4 equipping the exhaust according to the invention is supported by a shaft 6 pivoting freely in a plate (not shown) that includes the timepiece. This first latch 4 has a generally triangular general shape, delimited by three vertices. A first vertex 41 of the first latch 4 comprises two teeth 11 and 12 capable of meshing with a single tooth 13 that the plate 2 comprises, a situation of total meshing being well apparent to the figures 3 and 8 . Second and third apices 42 and 43, between which are present a tab-shaped tooth 14, having on its outer edge a circular configuration whose radius of curvature R1 passes through the axis of the shaft 6 supporting the first latch 4 , and a drive tooth 16. These four elements 42, 43, 14 and 16 define three housings 7, 9 and 15, referenced in particular on the figure 2 . It will be noted that the intersection between the tab 14 and the first housing 7 defines an edge 25.

La seconde bascule 5 présente également une forme générale sensiblement triangulaire délimitée par trois sommets. Un premier sommet 51 de la seconde bascule 5 est préférentiellement de forme arrondi concentriquement par rapport à l'axe de l'arbre 19 supportant la seconde bascule 5. On peut toutefois envisager d'autres formes pour ce sommet telles qu'un angle droit. Des deuxième et troisième sommets 52 et 53, entre lesquels sont présents une dent en forme d'aileron 37 et une dent d'entraînement 10. Le deuxième sommet 52 présente sur son bord extérieur une découpe sommitale incurvée 21 (figure 4A) dont le rayon de courbure R2 passe par l'axe de l'arbre 19 supportant la seconde bascule 5. Ce rayon de courbure R2 est sensiblement le même que le rayon de courbure R1. Ces quatre éléments 52, 53, 37 et 10 définissent trois logements 17, 18 et 20, référencés notamment sur la figure 2. On notera que le premier logement 17 a une forme complémentaire de la patte 14 de la première bascule 4 et ce afin de bloquer la première bascule 4 par rapport à la seconde.The second flip-flop 5 also has a generally triangular general shape delimited by three vertices. A first vertex 51 of the second flip-flop 5 is preferably of concentrically rounded shape with respect to the axis of the shaft 19 supporting the second flip-flop 5. However, other forms for this vertex such as a right angle can be envisaged. Second and third apices 52 and 53, between which are present a fin-shaped tooth 37 and a driving tooth 10. The second top 52 has on its outer edge a curved crown cut-out 21 ( Figure 4A ) whose radius of curvature R2 passes through the axis of the shaft 19 supporting the second rocker 5. This radius of curvature R2 is substantially the same as the radius of curvature R1. These four elements 52, 53, 37 and 10 define three housings 17, 18 and 20, referenced in particular on the figure 2 . Note that the first housing 17 has a shape complementary to the tab 14 of the first latch 4 and this in order to block the first latch 4 relative to the second.

Les figures 2 à 11 sont des vues en plan selon dix phases successives de l'échappement selon l'invention, ces phases couvrant deux oscillations complètes du balancier-spiral.The Figures 2 to 11 are plan views according to ten successive phases of the escapement according to the invention, these phases covering two complete oscillations of the sprung balance.

On va expliquer maintenant comment les dents 8 de la roue 3 et la seconde bascule 5 coopèrent avec la première bascule 4 pour soumettre ladite première bascule 4 à des impulsions et pour bloquer cette même bascule 4 après chaque impulsion transmise.We will now explain how the teeth 8 of the wheel 3 and the second latch 5 cooperate with the first latch 4 to submit said first latch 4 to pulses and to block the same latch 4 after each pulse transmitted.

Il est à noter que les deux bascules 4 et 5, lorsqu'elles sont en mouvement, tournent toujours dans un sens opposé. Ainsi quand la première bascule tourne dans le sens A1 (figures 2 et 3), respectivement B1 (figures 7 et 8), la deuxième bascule tourne dans le sens inverse B2 (figures 2 et 3), respectivement A2 (figures 7 et 8). Pour cela, les deux bascules 4 et 5 doivent toujours être liée cinématiquement.It should be noted that the two latches 4 and 5, when in motion, always rotate in an opposite direction. So when the first rocker turns in the direction A1 ( figures 2 and 3 ), respectively B1 ( figures 7 and 8 ), the second flip-flop turns in the opposite direction B2 ( figures 2 and 3 ), respectively A2 ( figures 7 and 8 ). For this, the two flip-flops 4 and 5 must always be kinematically linked.

Cette liaison permanente est assurée, comme il est visible chronologiquement sur les figures 2 à 11, de la manière suivante. Dans un premier temps, le troisième sommet 43 de la première bascule 4 vient se loger dans le deuxième logement 18 de la seconde bascule 5 et le troisième sommet 53 de la seconde bascule 5 vient s'appuyer sur flanc arrière 36 du troisième sommet 43 de la première bascule (figure 2). Ensuite, la dent d'entraînement 10 de la seconde bascule 5 vient engrener dans le deuxième logement 9 de la première bascule 4 (figure 3), puis la dent 16 d'entraînement de la première bascule 4 vient engrener dans le troisième logement 20 de la seconde bascule 5 et l'aileron 37 de la seconde bascule 5 vient se loger dans le troisième logement 15 de la première bascule 4 tandis que la patte 14 de la première bascule 4 épouse le premier logement 17 de la seconde bascule 5, les deux bascules étant alors en butée (figure 4, 5, 6 et 7). Après les bascules 4 et 5 changent de sens de rotation et les étapes précédemment décrites se produisent dans l'ordre inverse (figures 8 à 11). L'étape correspondant à la figure 3 se retrouve à la figure 8. La dent d'entraînement 10 de la seconde bascule 5 vient engrener dans le deuxième logement 9 de la première bascule 4 et permet de transmettre à la première bascule 4 l'impulsion reçue de la roue d'échappement 3 par la seconde bascule 5.This permanent link is assured, as it is visible chronologically on the Figures 2 to 11 , as follows. In a first step, the third vertex 43 of the first latch 4 is housed in the second housing 18 of the second latch 5 and the third vertex 53 of the second latch 5 is supported on the rear flank 36 of the third vertex 43 of the first toggle ( figure 2 ). Then, the driving tooth 10 of the second latch 5 engages in the second housing 9 of the first latch 4 ( figure 3 ), then the driving tooth 16 of the first latch 4 engages in the third housing 20 of the second latch 5 and the flap 37 of the second latch 5 is housed in the third housing 15 of the first latch 4 while that the lug 14 of the first latch 4 marries the first housing 17 of the second latch 5, the two latches then being in abutment ( figure 4 , 5 , 6 and 7 ). After flip-flops 4 and 5 change direction of rotation and the previously described steps occur in reverse order ( Figures 8 to 11 ). The step corresponding to the figure 3 finds himself at the figure 8 . The driving tooth 10 of the second flip-flop 5 engages in the second housing 9 of the first flip-flop 4 and makes it possible to transmit to the first flip-flop 4 the pulse received from the escape wheel 3 by the second flip-flop 5.

On observera encore, notamment sur la figure 4A, que les dents 8 de la roue 3 présentent chacune un flanc avant 22 défini comme faisant face au sens d'avance F de la roue dentée 3 (sens représenté sur les figures 3 et 8). Chaque flanc avant 22 comporte une première découpe sommitale incurvée 23, dite face de blocage, dont le rayon de courbure R3 est sensiblement le même que les rayons de courbure R1 et R2 respectivement du bord extérieur 46 de la patte 14 de la première bascule 4 et de la découpe incurvée 21 de la seconde bascule 5.We will still observe, especially on the Figure 4A , that the teeth 8 of the wheel 3 each have a front flank 22 defined as facing the direction of advance F of the toothed wheel 3 (direction shown in FIGS. figures 3 and 8 ). Each leading edge 22 has a first curved top cutout 23, called the locking face, whose radius of curvature R3 is substantially the same as the radii of curvature R1 and R2. respectively the outer edge 46 of the lug 14 of the first latch 4 and the curved cutout 21 of the second latch 5.

Comme le montre bien la figure 9, cette face de blocage 23 vient s'appuyer contre le bord extérieur de la patte 14 de la première bascule 4 pour bloquer la roue 3. Une situation semblable, bloquant la roue 3, est montrée en figure 4, où cette fois-ci la face de blocage 23 vient s'appuyer contre la découpe incurvée 21 du deuxième sommet 52 de la seconde bascule 5. Chaque flanc avant 22 comporte aussi une seconde découpe 24, en arc de cercle, appelée face d'impulsion, cette seconde découpe 24 prolongeant la première découpe 23.As the figure 9 this locking face 23 comes to bear against the outer edge of the lug 14 of the first latch 4 to lock the wheel 3. A similar situation, blocking the wheel 3, is shown in FIG. figure 4 , where this time the blocking face 23 comes to bear against the curved cutout 21 of the second top 52 of the second flip-flop 5. Each front flank 22 also has a second cutout 24, in an arc of a circle, called the face of pulse, this second cut 24 extending the first cut 23.

Comme le montre bien la figure 3, cette face d'impulsion 24 vient s'appuyer contre l'arête 25 définie comme étant l'intersection du bord extérieur 46 de la patte 14 de la première bascule 4 et du premier logement 7 de la même bascule. Cet appui entraîne la première bascule 4 en rotation dans le sens de la flèche A1 et, par voie de conséquence, entraîne le plateau 2 dans le sens de la flèche E. L'impulsion est ainsi donnée au balancier-spiral.As the figure 3 this pulse face 24 comes to bear against the edge 25 defined as the intersection of the outer edge 46 of the lug 14 of the first latch 4 and the first housing 7 of the same latch. This support drives the first rocker 4 in rotation in the direction of the arrow A1 and, consequently, drives the plate 2 in the direction of the arrow E. The pulse is thus given to the sprung balance.

De même, comme le montre la figure 8, la face d'impulsion 24 vient s'appuyer contre une arête 26 définie comme étant l'intersection du premier logement 17 de la seconde bascule 5 et de la découpe incurvée 21 de la même bascule. Cet appui entraîne la seconde bascule 5 en rotation dans le sens de la flèche A2, qui entraîne elle-même la première bascule 4 en rotation dans le sens de la flèche B1 inverse au sens de la flèche A2 et, par voie de conséquence, entraîne le plateau 2 dans le sens de la flèche M inverse au sens de la flèche E. L'impulsion inverse est ainsi donnée au balancier-spiral.Similarly, as shown in figure 8 , the impulse face 24 comes to bear against an edge 26 defined as being the intersection of the first housing 17 of the second flip-flop 5 and the curved cutout 21 of the same flip-flop. This support causes the second flip-flop 5 to rotate in the direction of the arrow A2, which itself drives the first flip-flop 4 in rotation in the direction of the inverse arrow B1 in the direction of the arrow A2 and, consequently, causes the plate 2 in the direction of the arrow M inverse in the direction of the arrow E. The reverse pulse is thus given to the sprung balance.

Comme il est important d'éviter un renversement (dû par exemple à un choc) de la première bascule 4 pendant le parcours de l'arc d'oscillation libre du balancier et donc du plateau 2 auquel il est attaché, on dimensionnera chacune des deux dents 11 et 12 occupant le premier sommet 41 de la bascule 4 pour qu'elles jouxtent le bord 38 du plateau 2. De telles situations sont montrées sur les figures 5, 6, 10 et 11.Since it is important to avoid a reversal (due for example to a shock) of the first latch 4 during the course of the free oscillation arc of the balance and therefore of the plate 2 to which it is attached, we will dimension each of the two teeth 11 and 12 occupying the first vertex 41 of the rocker 4 so that they abut the edge 38 of the plate 2. Such situations are shown on the figures 5 , 6 , 10 and 11 .

Enfin on comprendra qu'il est important de limiter l'excursion angulaire des première et seconde bascules respectivement 4 et 5. Ces limitations peuvent être faites selon deux exécutions différentes.Finally it will be understood that it is important to limit the angular excursion of the first and second latches respectively 4 and 5. These limitations can be made in two different executions.

Une première exécution consiste à pourvoir les deuxième et troisième sommets 42 et 43, de la première bascule 4 et le troisième sommet 53 de la seconde bascule 5, respectivement de première et de seconde cornes 27 et 28 pour la première bascule 4 et d'une corne 29 pour la seconde bascule 5 comme le montrent les figures 1 à 11 et particulièrement les figures 4 et 9. Comme il est visible sur la figure 4, la première corne 27 de la première bascule 4 vient buter contre le flanc arrière 39 d'une dent 8 de la roue 3. De même, comme il est visible sur la figure 9, la corne 29 de la seconde bascule 5 vient buter contre le flanc arrière 36 de la seconde corne 28 de la première bascule 4. A noter ici que le flanc arrière 39 des dents en question est défini comme tournant le dos au sens d'avance de la roue noté par la flèche F.A first embodiment consists in providing the second and third vertices 42 and 43 of the first latch 4 and the third vertex 53 of the second latch 5, respectively first and second horns 27 and 28 for the first latch 4 and a horn 29 for the second flip-flop 5 as shown by the Figures 1 to 11 and especially figures 4 and 9 . As it is visible on the figure 4 , the first horn 27 of the first rocker 4 abuts against the flank rear 39 of a tooth 8 of the wheel 3. Similarly, as it is visible on the figure 9 the horn 29 of the second rocker 5 abuts against the rear flank 36 of the second horn 28 of the first rocker 4. Note here that the rear flank 39 of the teeth in question is defined as turning the back to the direction of advance of the wheel noted by the arrow F.

Une seconde exécution consiste à limiter l'exécution des bascules 4 et 5 au moyen de trois goupilles 30 et 31 et 47 fichées dans la platine du garde-temps comme cela est montré sur les figures 12 et 13, correspondant aux figures 4 et 9. On comprendra alors que les cornes 27 et 28 équipant la première bascule 4 et la corne 29 équipant la seconde bascule 5 ne sont plus nécessaires et qu'on peut les enlever. A ce moment les deuxième et troisième sommets 42 et 43 de la première bascule 4 pourraient se terminer selon la courbe 32, respectivement 33 ainsi de même pour le troisième sommet 53 de la seconde bascule qui pourrait se terminer selon la courbe 34.A second execution is to limit the execution of flip-flops 4 and 5 by means of three pins 30 and 31 and 47 stuck in the timepiece plate as shown on the figures 12 and 13 , corresponding to figures 4 and 9 . It will be understood that the horns 27 and 28 fitted to the first rocker 4 and the horn 29 fitted to the second rocker 5 are no longer necessary and can be removed. At this moment, the second and third vertices 42 and 43 of the first flip-flop 4 could end along the curve 32, respectively 33, as well as for the third vertex 53 of the second flip-flop which could end according to the curve 34.

Un mode d'exécution préféré du nouvel échappement ayant été décrit ci-dessus ainsi que les fonctions remplies par les diverses pièces les composant, on va passer en revue maintenant son mode de fonctionnement proprement dit en décrivant un cycle de marche complet. On examinera tour à tour les figures 1 à 10 qui montrent dix phases importantes de ce cycle.A preferred embodiment of the new exhaust having been described above as well as the functions performed by the various parts composing them, we will now review its actual operating mode by describing a complete cycle. We will examine in turn the Figures 1 to 10 which show ten important phases of this cycle.

Première phase (figure 2)First phase (Figure 2)

Le mécanisme est à l'arrêt. La roue d'échappement 3 est bloquée car la face de blocage 23 de sa dent 8 repose sur le bord extérieur 46 de la patte 14 de la première bascule 4, qui est donc également bloquée. L'excursion angulaire des première et seconde bascules respectivement 4 et 5 est à bout de course puisque la corne 29 de la seconde bascule 5 repose sur le flanc arrière 36 du troisième sommet 43 de la première bascule 4. La seconde bascule 5 est bloquée par la deuxième corne 28 de la première bascule 4 qui est logée dans le deuxième logement 18 de la seconde bascule 5. A ce moment le balancier-spiral est proche de la fin d'oscillation (flèche E) ou proche de la fin de la seconde alternance de cette oscillation. La dent 13 du plateau 2 entre en contact avec la dent 12 de la première bascule 4 et va entraîner ladite bascule dans le sens de la flèche A1, qui elle-même va entraîner la seconde bascule 5 dans le sens de la flèche B2. C'est une phase de dégagement de la seconde bascule 5 où d'une part la corne 29 peut glisser sur le flanc arrière 36 de la deuxième corne 28 de la première bascule 4 et où d'autre part le bord extérieur 46 de la patte 14 de la première bascule 4 peut s'effacer devant la face de blocage 23 de la dent 8. A noter que le deuxième sommet 52 de la seconde bascule 5 peut passer sans frotter devant les dents 8 de la roue 3 d'échappement.The mechanism is stopped. The escape wheel 3 is blocked because the locking face 23 of its tooth 8 rests on the outer edge 46 of the lug 14 of the first latch 4, which is also blocked. The angular excursion of the first and second latches respectively 4 and 5 is at the end of stroke since the horn 29 of the second latch 5 rests on the rear flank 36 of the third vertex 43 of the first latch 4. The second latch 5 is blocked by the second horn 28 of the first flip-flop 4 which is housed in the second housing 18 of the second flip-flop 5. At this moment the balance-spring is close to the end of oscillation (arrow E) or close to the end of the second alternation of this oscillation. The tooth 13 of the plate 2 comes into contact with the tooth 12 of the first latch 4 and will cause said latch in the direction of the arrow A1, which itself will cause the second latch 5 in the direction of the arrow B2. It is a phase of disengagement of the second rocker 5 where on the one hand the horn 29 can slide on the rear flank 36 of the second horn 28 of the first rocker 4 and on the other hand the outer edge 46 of the leg 14 of the first latch 4 may fade before the blocking face 23 of the 8. Note that the second top 52 of the second rocker 5 can pass without rubbing in front of the teeth 8 of the wheel 3 exhaust.

Deuxième phase (figure 3)Second phase (Figure 3)

La première bascule 4 continue sa course dans le sens de la flèche A1, entraînée qu'elle est par le plateau 2. A ce moment la dent 13 du plateau est totalement engagée entre les deux dents 11 et 12 de la première bascule 4. La dent 8 de la roue 3 d'échappement a pénétré dans le deuxième logement 9 de la première bascule 4 et la face d'impulsion 24 de la dent 8 entre en contact avec l'arête 25 de la seconde bascule 4. La roue d'échappement 3 est alors entraînée dans le sens de la flèche F par l'intermédiaire du rouage dont le dernier élément 40 a été montré en figure 1. C'est une phase d'impulsion qui lance le plateau 2 dans le sens de la flèche E et fait tourner la première bascule 4 dans le sens de la flèche A1, jusqu'à ce que la première bascule 4 rencontre la face de blocage 23 d'une dent 8 de la roue 3 d'échappement. Dans le même temps, la dent 16 d'entraînement de la première bascule 4 engrène dans le troisième logement 20 de la seconde bascule 5 et l'entraîne ainsi dans le sens de la flèche B2, inverse au sens de la flèche A1.The first latch 4 continues its course in the direction of the arrow A1, driven that it is by the plate 2. At this moment the tooth 13 of the plate is fully engaged between the two teeth 11 and 12 of the first latch 4. The tooth 8 of the exhaust wheel 3 has penetrated into the second housing 9 of the first latch 4 and the impulse face 24 of the tooth 8 comes into contact with the edge 25 of the second latch 4. The wheel of 3 exhaust is then driven in the direction of the arrow F through the gear whose last element 40 was shown in figure 1 . It is a pulse phase which launches the plate 2 in the direction of the arrow E and rotates the first rocker 4 in the direction of the arrow A1, until the first rocker 4 meets the blocking face 23 a tooth 8 of the wheel 3 exhaust. At the same time, the driving tooth 16 of the first latch 4 meshes with the third housing 20 of the second latch 5 and thus drives it in the direction of the arrow B2, opposite in the direction of the arrow A1.

Troisième phase (figures 4 et 12)Third phase (Figures 4 and 12)

Quand la dent 13 du plateau 2 quitte la dent 11 de la première bascule 4, la face de blocage 23 de la dent 8 de la roue d'échappement 3 bute contre la découpe sommitale incurvée 21 de la seconde bascule 5 bloquant ainsi la roue 3. Dans le même temps, la patte 14 de la première bascule 4 vient s'encastrer dans le premier logement 17 complémentaire de la seconde bascule 5, les deux bascules étant alors bloquées. Dès ce moment le plateau 2 débute une seconde oscillation en direction de la flèche E. Les bascules 4 et 5 sont alors retenues soit par la corne 27 qui appuie contre le flanc arrière 39 de la dent 8 (figure 4), soit par la goupille 30 (figure 12), selon la solution de limitation qu'on a choisie.When the tooth 13 of the plate 2 leaves the tooth 11 of the first latch 4, the locking face 23 of the tooth 8 of the escape wheel 3 abuts against the curved top cutout 21 of the second latch 5 thus blocking the wheel 3 At the same time, the tab 14 of the first latch 4 is embedded in the first housing 17 complementary to the second latch 5, the two latches being then blocked. From this moment the plate 2 starts a second oscillation in the direction of the arrow E. The rockers 4 and 5 are then retained either by the horn 27 which bears against the rear flank 39 of the tooth 8 ( figure 4 ), or by the pin 30 ( figure 12 ), depending on the limitation solution chosen.

Quatrième phase (figure 5)Fourth phase (Figure 5)

La situation de la première bascule 4 est la même que celle décrite ci-dessus à la différence près que sa dent 11 jouxte le bord 38 du plateau 2 pour empêcher tout renversement. Le plateau 2 continue à tourner dans le sens de la flèche E et parcourt la première alternance de sa seconde oscillation libre. Les bascules 4 et 5 et la roue 3 sont toujours bloquées.The situation of the first flip-flop 4 is the same as that described above with the difference that its tooth 11 adjoins the edge 38 of the plate 2 to prevent overturning. Tray 2 continues to rotate in the direction of arrow E and travels the first alternation of his second free oscillation. Flip-flops 4 and 5 and wheel 3 are still locked.

Cinquième phase (figure 6)Fifth phase (Figure 6)

Après avoir parcouru sa première alternance, le plateau 2 revient en sens inverse montré par la flèche M et parcourt la seconde alternance de sa seconde oscillation libre. La seconde bascule 5 bloque toujours la roue 3 et la première bascule 4 qui est toujours empêchée de se renverser par l'action de sa dent 11 contre le bord 38 du plateau 2.After having traversed its first alternation, the plate 2 returns in the opposite direction shown by the arrow M and travels the second alternation of its second free oscillation. The second lever 5 always blocks the wheel 3 and the first lever 4 which is always prevented from overturning by the action of its tooth 11 against the edge 38 of the plate 2.

Sixième phase (figure 7)Sixth phase (Figure 7)

Le mécanisme est encore bloqué. La roue d'échappement 3 est bloquée car la face de blocage 23 de sa dent 8 repose contre la découpe incurvée 21 du deuxième sommet 52 de la seconde bascule 5, qui est donc également bloquée. L'excursion angulaire des première et seconde bascules 4 et 5 est à bout de course puisque la première corne 27 de la première bascule 4 repose sur le flanc arrière 39 de la dent de la roue d'échappement 3. La première bascule 4 est bloquée par la patte 14 qui est logée dans le premier logement 17 complémentaire de la seconde bascule 5. A ce moment le balancier-spiral est proche de la fin d'oscillation (flèche M) ou proche de la fin de seconde alternance de cette oscillation. La dent 13 du plateau 2 entre en contact avec la dent 11 de la première bascule 4 ce qui va entraîner cette dernière dans le sens de la flèche B1, qui elle-même va entraîner la seconde bascule 5 dans le sens de la flèche A2, inverse au sens de la flèche B1. C'est une phase de dégagement de la première bascule 4 où d'une part la première corne 27 peut glisser sur le flanc arrière 39 de la dent 8 et où d'autre part la dent d'entraînement 10 de la seconde bascule 5 peut engrener dans le premier logement 7 de la première bascule 4 et où le deuxième sommet 52 de la seconde bascule 5 peut s'effacer devant la face de blocage 23 de la dent 8.The mechanism is still blocked. The escape wheel 3 is blocked because the locking face 23 of its tooth 8 rests against the curved cutout 21 of the second apex 52 of the second flip-flop 5, which is thus also blocked. The angular excursion of the first and second flip-flops 4 and 5 is exhausted since the first horn 27 of the first flip-flop 4 rests on the rear flank 39 of the tooth of the escape wheel 3. The first flip-flop 4 is blocked. by the lug 14 which is housed in the first housing 17 complementary to the second rocker 5. At this time the sprung balance is close to the end of oscillation (arrow M) or near the end of second alternation of this oscillation. The tooth 13 of the plate 2 comes into contact with the tooth 11 of the first latch 4 which will drive the latter in the direction of the arrow B1, which itself will cause the second latch 5 in the direction of the arrow A2, opposite in the direction of the arrow B1. It is a phase of disengagement of the first rocker 4 where on the one hand the first horn 27 can slide on the rear flank 39 of the tooth 8 and on the other hand the driving tooth 10 of the second flip-flop 5 can mesh in the first housing 7 of the first latch 4 and where the second top 52 of the second latch 5 can be erased in front of the locking face 23 of the tooth 8.

Septième phase (figure 8)Seventh phase (Figure 8)

La première bascule 4 continue sa course dans le sens de la flèche B1, entraînée qu'elle est par le plateau 2. A ce moment la dent 13 du plateau est totalement engagée entre les deux dents 11 et 12 de la première bascule 4. La dent 8 de la roue d'échappement 3 a pénétré dans le premier logement 17 de la seconde bascule et la face d'impulsion 24 de la dent 8 entre en contact avec l'arête 26 de ladite bascule. La roue d'échappement 3 est alors entraînée dans le sens de la flèche F par l'intermédiaire du rouage dont le dernier élément 40 a été montré en figure 1. C'est une phase d'impulsion qui lance le plateau 2 dans le sens de la flèche M et fait tourner les première et seconde bascules 4 et 5 respectivement dans le sens de la flèche B1 et dans le sens de la flèche A2 inverse au sens de la flèche B1, jusqu'à ce que la première bascule 4 rencontre la face de blocage 23 d'une dent 8 de la roue d'échappement 3.The first latch 4 continues its course in the direction of the arrow B1, driven that it is by the plate 2. At this moment the tooth 13 of the plate is fully engaged between the two teeth 11 and 12 of the first latch 4. The tooth 8 of the escape wheel 3 has penetrated into the first housing 17 of the second flip-flop and the impulse face 24 of the tooth 8 comes into contact with the edge 26 of said flip-flop. The escape wheel 3 is then driven in the direction of the arrow F via the gear train whose last element 40 has been shown in FIG. figure 1 . It is a pulse phase which launches the plate 2 in the direction of the arrow M and rotates the first and second latches 4 and 5 respectively in the direction of the arrow B1 and in the direction of the arrow A2 opposite to the direction of the arrow B1, until the first latch 4 meets the locking face 23 of a tooth 8 of the escape wheel 3.

Huitième phase (figures 9 et 13)Eighth phase (Figures 9 and 13)

Quand la dent 13 du plateau 2 quitte la dent 12 de la première bascule 4, la face de blocage 23 de la dent 8 de la roue d'échappement 3 bute contre le bord extérieur de la patte 14 de la première bascule 4 bloquant ainsi la roue 3. Dans le même temps, la corne 28 de la première bascule 4 vient se placer dans le premier logement 17 de la seconde bascule 5, les deux bascules étant alors liées. Dès ce moment le plateau 2 débute une seconde oscillation en direction de la flèche M. Les bascules sont alors retenues soit par la corne 29 de la seconde bascule 5 qui appuie contre le flanc arrière 36 de la corne 28 de la première bascule 4, qui elle-même s'appuie sur la dent d'entraînement 10 de la seconde bascule 5 (figure 9), soit respectivement par les goupilles 47 et 31 (figure 13), selon la solution de limitation qu'on a choisie.When the tooth 13 of the plate 2 leaves the tooth 12 of the first latch 4, the locking face 23 of the tooth 8 of the escape wheel 3 abuts against the outer edge of the tab 14 of the first latch 4 thus blocking the wheel 3. At the same time, the horn 28 of the first latch 4 is placed in the first housing 17 of the second latch 5, the two latches being then linked. From this moment the plate 2 starts a second oscillation in the direction of the arrow M. The scales are then retained either by the horn 29 of the second lever 5 which bears against the rear flank 36 of the horn 28 of the first latch 4, which itself relies on the drive tooth 10 of the second flip-flop 5 ( figure 9 ), respectively by the pins 47 and 31 ( figure 13 ), depending on the limitation solution chosen.

Neuvième phase (figure 10)Ninth phase (Figure 10)

La situation de la première bascule 4 est la même que celle décrite ci-dessus à la différence près que sa dent 11 jouxte le bord 38 du plateau 2 pour empêcher tout renversement. Le plateau 2 continue à tourner dans le sens de la flèche M et parcourt la première alternance de sa seconde oscillation libre. Les bascules 4 et 5 et la roue 3 sont toujours bloquées.The situation of the first flip-flop 4 is the same as that described above with the difference that its tooth 11 adjoins the edge 38 of the plate 2 to prevent overturning. The plate 2 continues to rotate in the direction of the arrow M and travels the first half of its second free oscillation. Flip-flops 4 and 5 and wheel 3 are still locked.

Dixième phase (figure 11)Tenth phase (Figure 11)

Après avoir parcouru sa première alternance, le plateau 2 revient en sens inverse montré par la flèche E et parcourt la seconde alternance de sa seconde oscillation libre. La première bascule 4 bloque toujours la roue 3 et la seconde bascule 5, et est toujours empêchée de se renverser par l'action de sa dent 11 contre le bord 38 du plateau 2.After having traversed its first alternation, the plateau 2 returns in the opposite direction shown by the arrow E and travels the second alternation of its second free oscillation. The first latch 4 always blocks the wheel 3 and the second rocker 5, and is always prevented from overturning by the action of its tooth 11 against the edge 38 of the plate 2.

Il est à noter qu'à partir de cette dixième phase un nouveau cycle recommence semblable à celui qui vient d'être décrit, en effet, la phase suivante à celle décrite à la figure 10 correspond à la première phase représentée en figure 1.It should be noted that from this tenth phase a new cycle starts again similar to that just described, in fact, the next phase to that described in figure 10 corresponds to the first phase represented in figure 1 .

Considérations finalesFinal considerations

On a déjà indiqué plus haut que l'échappement selon l'invention prend très peu de place en hauteur puisque toutes les pièces impliquées (roues d'échappement, bascule, plateau) se trouvent à un même niveau sur un seul plan et également peu de place dans le plan même de l'échappement puisque l'on utilise seulement une roue d'échappement et deux bascules contre deux roues et une bascule dans l'art antérieur. On remarque également que ce système fait intervenir moins de pièces que celles mises en oeuvre dans l'échappement décrit à propos du document EP-A-1 041 459 , permettant ainsi de proposer un mécanisme moins coûteux. De plus les pièces mises en jeu sont très simples ce qui assure à l'ensemble une grande sécurité de fonctionnement.It has already been indicated above that the exhaust according to the invention takes up very little height since all the parts involved (escape wheels, rocker, plate) are at the same level on one plane and also few placed in the same plane of the exhaust since it uses only one escape wheel and two rockers against two wheels and a rocker in the prior art. Note also that this system involves fewer parts than those used in the escape described in the document EP-A-1 041 459 , thus making it possible to propose a less expensive mechanism. In addition the parts involved are very simple which ensures overall a great security of operation.

On a vu que l'impulsion sur la première bascule 4 est donnée par une dent 8 de la roue d'échappement 3 sur une arête 25 réalisée sur la bascule 4 (voir figure 3), et ce de même pour l'impulsion sur la seconde bascule 5 donnée par une dent de la roue sur une arête 26 (voir figure 8). La portion de dent qui donne cette impulsion est la seconde découpe 24 qui présente une forme en arc de cercle. Ceci rappelle l'échappement à détente connu de l'état de la technique et utilisé principalement en chronométrie. Cette façon de faire est très économe en énergie dépensée puisque le contact des pièces en présence est réduit à une arête frottant sur un arc de cercle. On notera par contre, que contrairement à l'échappement à détente, l'échappement selon l'invention est auto-démarrant.It has been seen that the impulse on the first flip-flop 4 is given by a tooth 8 of the escape wheel 3 on an edge 25 made on the flip-flop 4 (see FIG. figure 3 ), and the same for the pulse on the second flip-flop 5 given by a tooth of the wheel on an edge 26 (see figure 8 ). The portion of tooth that gives this pulse is the second cutout 24 which has a shape in a circular arc. This recalls the relaxation escapement known from the state of the art and used mainly in chronometry. This way of doing things is very economical in terms of energy expended since the contact of the parts in the presence is reduced to an edge rubbing on an arc of a circle. Note however, that unlike the escapement trigger, the exhaust according to the invention is self-starting.

On remarquera encore que les impulsions sont communiquées au plateau 2 par au moins une pièce intermédiaire, appelées ici première et seconde bascules 4 et 5. Ceci rappelle l'échappement à ancre suisse où l'impulsion est transmise au plateau par une fourchette. L'échappement à ancre présente cependant un inconvénient, à savoir le recul de la roue d'échappement au moment du dégagement, ce recul présentant l'inconvénient de freiner le balancier et donc de consommer de l'énergie. Dans l'échappement de la présente invention il n'y a pas de recul puisque le rayon de courbure R1 du bord extérieur de la patte 14 de la première bascule 4 est le même que le rayon de courbure R3 de la première découpe 23 de la dent 8 de la roue 3 qui est le même que le rayon de courbure R2 de la découpe incurvée 21 de la seconde bascule 5 (voir figures 3, 4, 8 et 9).It will also be noted that the pulses are communicated to the plate 2 by at least one intermediate piece, here called first and second latches 4 and 5. This is reminiscent of the Swiss lever escapement where the pulse is transmitted to the plate by a fork. Anchor escapement however has a disadvantage, namely the retreat of the escape wheel at the time of release, this recoil has the disadvantage of braking the balance and therefore consume energy. In the escapement of the present invention there is no recoil since the radius of curvature R 1 of the outer edge of the lug 14 of the first latch 4 is the same as the radius of curvature R 3 of the first blank 23 of the tooth 8 of wheel 3 which is the same as the radius of curvature R2 of the curved cutout 21 of the second flip-flop 5 (see FIG. figures 3 , 4 , 8 and 9 ).

Il est à noter encore que le système proposé n'a pas besoin d'être lubrifié. Ceci est dû aux surfaces de contact réduites au strict minimum tant en ce qui concerne la région où se donne l'impulsion (arêtes 25 et 26 découpe 24) que la région concernée par le dégagement (découpe 23 de très faible surface).It should be noted that the proposed system does not need to be lubricated. This is due to the contact surfaces reduced to a minimum both as regards the region where the pulse is given (edges 25 and 26 cutout 24) that the region concerned by the clearance (cut 23 of very small area).

Claims (9)

  1. Escapement (1) arranged to be placed between a gear train and a roller (2), to which a sprung balance of a timekeeper is attached, the balance being able to travel a free arc of oscillation and to receive impulses for maintaining oscillations, said escapement including a toothed wheel (3) arranged to be driven by the gear train, characterized in that said escapement (1) further includes first and second levers (4 and 5) that can alternately receive impulses generated by the toothed wheel, the second lever (5) also being able to transmit the received impulses to the first lever (4), said first lever being arranged for transmitting the impulses received from the toothed wheel and those received from the second lever to said roller, in order to drive said roller in rotation and maintain the oscillations of the balance, said first and second levers being arranged to lock said wheel alternately after each transmitted impulse.
  2. Escapement according to claim 1, characterized in that the first lever (4) is arranged to be carried by an arbour (6) that pivots freely in a plate in the timekeeper and in that said first lever has a substantially triangular shape, a first apex (41) of which includes two teeth (11 and 12) that can mesh with the single tooth (13) of the plate (2), a second apex (42) of which includes a first housing (7), into which the end of one tooth (8) of the toothed wheel (3) can be inserted, to subject the first lever to an impulse in a first direction (A1), and a third apex (43) of which includes a second housing (9), into which the end of a drive tooth (10) of the second lever (5) can be inserted, to subject the first lever to an impulse in a second direction (B1), opposite to the first direction (A1).
  3. Escapement according to claim 2, characterized in that, between the second and third apexes (42 and 43), the first lever (4) has a paw-shaped tooth (14), which, on the external edge (46) thereof, has a circular configuration, whose radius of curvature (R1) passes through the axis of the arbour (6) carrying the first lever, in that the second lever (5) also has a substantially triangular shape comprising three apexes (51, 52 and 53), a first apex (51), a second apex (52) comprising a first housing (17) of substantially complementary shape to the paw (14) of the first lever and having on the external edge thereof a curved, cut out portion (21), whose radius of curvature (R2) passes through the axis of the arbour (19) carrying the second lever, the two radii of curvature (R1 and R2) being substantially equal, and a third apex (53) comprising a second housing (18).
  4. Escapement according to claim 3, characterized in that each of the teeth (8) of the toothed wheel (3) has a front side (22) comprising a first, curved, cut out, apex portion (23), called the locking surface, whose radius of curvature (R3) is substantially the same as said two radii of curvature (R1 and R2), said locking surface being able to abut against said external edge (46) of the paw (14) of the first lever (4), or against said curved, cut out portion (21) of the second apex (52) of the second lever (5), in order to lock said wheel, and a second cut out portion (24), in the arc of a circle, called the impulse surface, which follows the first cut out portion (23), said impulse surface being able to abut against an edge (25) defined by the intersection of said edge (46) of the paw and said first housing (7) of the first lever, or against an edge (26) defined by the intersection of said second apex (52) and said first housing (17) of the second lever, for driving the first and second levers respectively in rotation.
  5. Escapement according to claim 4, characterized in that the first lever (4) also has a drive tooth (16) between said paw (14) and said third apex (43), said drive tooth (16) and said paw defining a third housing (15) on the first lever (4) and in that the second lever (5) also has a fin-shaped tooth (37) between said drive tooth (10) and said second apex (52), said third apex (53) and said tooth (10) of the second lever defining said second housing (18) that can mesh with the third apex (43) of the first lever, and said tooth (10) and said fin (37) of the second lever defining a third housing (20) that can mesh with said drive tooth (16) of the first lever.
  6. Escapement according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the two teeth (11 and 12) occupying the first apex (41) of the first lever (4) is sized to adjoin the edge (38) of the roller (2) and thus to prevent the first lever banking during the lever's arc of free oscillation.
  7. Escapement according to claim 4, characterized in that the angular excursion of the first and second levers (4 and 5) is limited by first and second horns (27 and 29) located respectively on the second apex (42) of the first lever and on the third apex (53) of the second lever, the first horn (27) being able to abut against the back side (39) of a tooth (8) of the toothed wheel (3) and the second horn (29) being able to abut against the back side (36) of the third apex (43) of the first lever.
  8. Timekeeper including a roller and an escapement according to claim 2, characterized in that the angular excursion of the first and second levers is limited by three pins (30, 31 and 47) driven into the plate of the timekeeper.
  9. Escapement according to claim 6, characterized in that the first and second levers are always connected to each other in rotation.
EP01202461A 2001-06-26 2001-06-26 Escape for timekeeper Expired - Lifetime EP1276021B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE60137211T DE60137211D1 (en) 2001-06-26 2001-06-26 Inhibition for a timer
EP01202461A EP1276021B1 (en) 2001-06-26 2001-06-26 Escape for timekeeper
AT01202461T ATE419564T1 (en) 2001-06-26 2001-06-26 ESCAPEMENT FOR A TIMER

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01202461A EP1276021B1 (en) 2001-06-26 2001-06-26 Escape for timekeeper

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1276021A1 EP1276021A1 (en) 2003-01-15
EP1276021B1 true EP1276021B1 (en) 2008-12-31

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EP01202461A Expired - Lifetime EP1276021B1 (en) 2001-06-26 2001-06-26 Escape for timekeeper

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EP (1) EP1276021B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE419564T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60137211D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2770334T3 (en) * 2010-10-21 2020-07-01 Audemars Piguet (Renaud Et Papi) Sa Regulating mechanism for watch piece
EP2466395A1 (en) 2010-12-14 2012-06-20 Chopard Technologies SA Pallet and escapement equipped with said pallet
JP2013545991A (en) 2010-12-14 2013-12-26 ショパード テクノロジーズ エスエー Ankle and escapement provided with such ankle
US9052694B2 (en) 2012-06-07 2015-06-09 Detra Sa Escapement device for timepiece
JP2022063183A (en) * 2020-10-11 2022-04-21 良一 時岡 Speed control escapement

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR913031A (en) * 1944-01-11 1946-08-27 Beaumann & Cie H free cylinder escapement for timepieces
EP1041459B1 (en) 1999-03-31 2002-09-18 Ulysse Nardin S.A. Escapement for timepiece

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE419564T1 (en) 2009-01-15
DE60137211D1 (en) 2009-02-12
EP1276021A1 (en) 2003-01-15

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