EP1275415B1 - Respiratory apparatus and its use in an installation to protect against hypoxy - Google Patents

Respiratory apparatus and its use in an installation to protect against hypoxy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1275415B1
EP1275415B1 EP02291601A EP02291601A EP1275415B1 EP 1275415 B1 EP1275415 B1 EP 1275415B1 EP 02291601 A EP02291601 A EP 02291601A EP 02291601 A EP02291601 A EP 02291601A EP 1275415 B1 EP1275415 B1 EP 1275415B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
mask
generator
storage box
feed line
oxygen
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EP02291601A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1275415A1 (en
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Patrice Martinez
Eric Farin
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Safran Aerosystems SAS
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Intertechnique SA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/14—Respiratory apparatus for high-altitude aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to respirators designed to protect crew members, including technical flight crew, an aircraft against the risks associated with high altitude depressurization and / or the appearance of fumes.
  • Each pilot of a current passenger aircraft has a respirator with a mask fitted with a regulator connected to a source of breathing gas. Aeronautical regulations require that this mask can be put in place and provide oxygen to the wearer in less than 5 seconds. This result is generally attained at the present time by using an inflatable and deflatable pneumatic harness mask, such as one of those described in documents FR 1 506 342 and 2 784 900 and EP-A-0 628 325 and the US Pat. Nos. 5,503,147, 5,590,102 and 5,623,923.
  • the source of pressurized gas must be capable at all times of instantaneously supplying oxygen or air with a high oxygen content at a pressure sufficient to inflate the harness and feed the mask regulator. This source is usually a bottle of oxygen under pressure.
  • the oxygen reserve can be replaced by an on-board oxygen generator, such as a battery of generators by selective absorption and oxygen recovery, so-called OBOGS (on-board oxygen generator systems) that use oxygen.
  • OBOGS on-board oxygen generator systems
  • air from the compressor of one or more engines but such generators provide air enriched with oxygen with a delay from their control restitution.
  • their output pressure depends on the speed of the feed motor and the degree of enrichment of the supplied air is also variable. The pressure initially available may be insufficient to allow inflation of the quick set harness. The degree of initial enrichment may furthermore be insufficient.
  • Other types of onboard generators or even oxygen stores have similar disadvantages.
  • US-A-6032 668 discloses an emergency fire emergency device incorporating a breathing apparatus comprising a breathing mask connected to a source of breathing gas, and on a supply line of the mask from said source, a buffer capacity specific to the mask.
  • the source as the buffer capacity, separated from each other by a manually operated valve, and delimited inside the same housing by partition walls, receive only ambient air, possibly filtered, admitted into the source by a unidirectional air pumping valve, this air flowing from the source into the buffer capacity at the manual opening of the valve, to feed the mask, without regulator, by a flexible pipe opening at one end directly into the buffer capacity.
  • the present invention aims in particular to provide a breathing apparatus, especially of the type having an inflatable pneumatic harness mask, better than those previously known to the requirements of practice, especially on high capacity transport apparatus; it is particularly intended to ensure that breathing gas having an oxygen content sufficient for inspiration and possibly having sufficient pressure to allow rapid introduction will be available from the first inspirations of the user, and this before the aircraft has reached the altitude at which this availability is essential, or even before take-off.
  • the invention provides a breathing apparatus of the type known from US-A-6,032,668 and characterized by the characterizing part of claim 1, and an installation according to claim 14, comprising at least one breathing apparatus according to the invention.
  • the intake line with a valve that does not allow the initial filling of the capacity only when the oxygen content is greater than a determined threshold, for example 94%.
  • This valve can also be kept closed when the inlet pressure is insufficient.
  • Means will generally be provided for, once past the first inspirations and the generator in steady state, or in case of exhaustion of capacity when the generator does not yet fully fulfill the above conditions, allow the passage of gas from of the generator in the regulator of the mask.
  • the invention makes it possible to use a common onboard generator for the crew and the passengers and to avoid the carrying of heavy oxygen cylinders and to check frequently, other than those required for possible therapeutic needs.
  • the capacity can often be incorporated into the mask box whose opening triggers the oxygen supply; it is then directly connected to the supply hose of the regulator and the harness of the mask.
  • This adaptation simply involves a limited increase in the size of a box such as that described for example in US-A-6 039 045.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises a respiratory mask 10 with a regulator 12 allowing dilution by ambient air, provided with a pneumatic harness 14 which can be in particular of any of the types described in the patent applications already mentioned. .
  • the mask and the harness are stored in a box 16 provided with a double door 18 and 20.
  • a valve 22 carried by the housing of the box is interposed between a hose 26 connected to the regulator of the mask and a supply line 24.
  • the valve 22 is placed so that it communicates the hose and the pipe 24 when the user of the mask 10 pulls the mask out of the box and the shutter 18 s opens.
  • the box also carries a switch allowing to choose between a functioning of the regulator with dilution (protection against hypoxia alone) and without dilution (protection against fumes).
  • the pipe 24 is intended to receive oxygen enriched air from a generator 30, generally consisting of an OBOGS battery with offset absorption and recovery cycles.
  • a generator 30 generally consisting of an OBOGS battery with offset absorption and recovery cycles.
  • Two OBOGS are shown in Figure 1.
  • the same generator feeds a large number of masks. It can for example be molecular sieve.
  • Such generators are commercially available, for example using the described arrangements in US Patent 4,561,865 and the prior art cited therein.
  • a supply line providing the connection between the box and an outlet manifold 32 of the generator 30 comprises, successively, downstream upstream, a capacitor 34, a check valve -retour 36 and a solenoid valve 38.
  • the non-return valve ensures the maintenance of a volume of air enriched with oxygen and at a pressure sufficient to inflate the harness even during periods when the generator 30 provides air under a lower pressure than that which prevails in the capacity 34.
  • the three-way solenoid valve 38 is associated with a control module that allows the supply of the capacity only when the gas from the generator 30 has a higher oxygen content at a threshold, for example 94 ⁇ 2% as long as the mask is stored.
  • a gas analyzer 42 is placed on the supply line of the capacitor 34 and provides a signal to the module 40.
  • This module 40 may also include a pressure tap 44 and be provided to put in communication the collector 32 and the capacity 34 only when the pressure supplied by the generator exceeds a predetermined value, greater than the value necessary to completely inflate the harness 14.
  • the solenoid valve 38 is controlled to put in communication the manifold 32 and the non-return valve 36 as long as the oxygen content of the breathing gas exceeds the threshold.
  • the solenoid valve 38 may be omitted.
  • the module 40 is designed to control the solenoid valve and to put the collector 32 and the non-return valve 36 in communication when it receives an opening signal from the flap 18 of the box: thus, the mask is always powered when worn.
  • the implementation method of the installation can for example be the following in case of use of OBOGS generators.
  • At least one of the generators 30 is put into service to selectively collect oxygen.
  • the reactors are then at full power, the air passing through the molecular sieve of the generator is at high pressure. Once the molecular sieve is saturated, the air supply is transferred to another OBOGS.
  • a set of valves provided on the first OBOGS is controlled to connect it to the pipe 32 and the OBOGS is heated to restore the oxygen. Since the pressure is high and the gas is high in oxygen, the buffer capacities 34 fill up at a pressure sufficient to inflate harnesses. Means may be provided to purge the buffer capacity of the air that it can contain before filling with enriched air under pressure.
  • One or more common tanks 46 may also be filled at this stage. Once these operations are performed and the second OBOGS also saturated with oxygen, the first can be recharged too in order to have a maximum reserve.
  • At least one of the generators is controlled according to an absorption-restoration cycle before takeoff so that the pilots have gas rich in oxygen and under pressure to put the masks, in case of smoke for example.
  • the pilots will be able to put on the breathing mask in a few seconds, whatever the altitude, and immediately have a very enriched respiratory gas.
  • the common tank or tanks will allow the passengers to also have oxygen with a delay that may be a little larger. Because the generators are initially saturated with oxygen and under pressure, they will maintain a high pressure supply for the time necessary to descend to the end of cruise altitude, between 5000 and 8000 meters, at which pressure will be lower (because the engine speed is reduced) is sufficient for respiratory needs.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne les appareils respiratoires destinés à protéger les membres d'équipage, et notamment le personnel navigant technique, d'un avion contre les risques liés à la dépressurisation à haute altitude et/ou à l'apparition de fumées.The present invention relates to respirators designed to protect crew members, including technical flight crew, an aircraft against the risks associated with high altitude depressurization and / or the appearance of fumes.

Elle trouve une application particulièrement importante, bien que non exclusive, sur les appareils de transport de passagers pouvant atteindre des altitudes élevées et surtout sur les appareils dits "jumbo" ou "super jumbo" de très grande capacité.It finds a particularly important application, although not exclusive, on passenger transport devices that can reach high altitudes and especially on devices called "jumbo" or "super jumbo" of great capacity.

Chaque pilote d'un avion de transport de passagers actuel dispose d'un appareil respiratoire comportant un masque muni d'un régulateur relié à une source de gaz respiratoire. Les règlements aéronautiques exigent que ce masque puisse être mis en place et fournir de l'oxygène au porteur en moins de 5 secondes. Ce résultat est généralement atteint à l'heure actuelle en utilisant un masque à harnais pneumatique gonflable et dégonflable, tel que l'un de ceux décrits dans les documents FR 1 506 342 et 2 784 900 et EP -A-0 628 325 et les brevets US 5 503 147, 5 590 102 et 5 623 923. La source de gaz sous pression doit être capable en permanence de fournir, de façon instantanée, de l'oxygène ou de l'air très enrichi en oxygène sous une pression suffisante pour gonfler le harnais et alimenter le régulateur du masque. Cette source est généralement une bouteille d'oxygène sous pression.Each pilot of a current passenger aircraft has a respirator with a mask fitted with a regulator connected to a source of breathing gas. Aeronautical regulations require that this mask can be put in place and provide oxygen to the wearer in less than 5 seconds. This result is generally attained at the present time by using an inflatable and deflatable pneumatic harness mask, such as one of those described in documents FR 1 506 342 and 2 784 900 and EP-A-0 628 325 and the US Pat. Nos. 5,503,147, 5,590,102 and 5,623,923. The source of pressurized gas must be capable at all times of instantaneously supplying oxygen or air with a high oxygen content at a pressure sufficient to inflate the harness and feed the mask regulator. This source is usually a bottle of oxygen under pressure.

Sur les avions de transport de passagers, une autre installation permet de fournir aux passagers, en cas de dépressurisation, du gaz respiratoire permettant la survie jusqu'à ce que l'avion soit descendu jusqu'à une altitude permettant une respiration normale à la pression atmosphérique ambiante.On passenger aircraft, another facility provides passengers, in case of depressurization, respiratory gas for survival until the aircraft has descended to an altitude allowing normal breathing pressure ambient atmospheric.

Sur les " jumbos " la réserve d'oxygène ainsi requise représente une masse très importante.On the "jumbos" the oxygen reserve thus required represents a mass very important.

Pour réduire cette masse la réserve d'oxygène peut être remplacée par un générateur d'oxygène embarqué, tel qu'une batterie de générateurs par absorption sélective et restitution d'oxygène, dits OBOGS (on-board oxygen generator systems) qui utilisent de l'air provenant du compresseur d'un ou de moteurs. Mais de tels générateurs ne fournissent de l'air très enrichi en oxygène qu'avec un retard à partir de leur commande de restitution. De plus leur pression de sortie dépend du régime du moteur d'alimentation et le degré d'enrichissement de l'air fourni est également variable. La pression initialement disponible peut être insuffisante pour permettre le gonflage du harnais de mise en place rapide. Le degré d'enrichissement initial peut de plus être insuffisant. Un réservoir tampon commun destiné à servir de réserve d'air très enrichi, placé à la sortie de l'OBOGS et maintenu rempli, n'apporte qu'une solution imparfaite, notamment parce que la pression disponible peut être insuffisante pour gonfler le harnais et que la présence d'une canalisation introduit un retard. D'autres types de générateurs embarqués ou même de réserves d'oxygène présentent des inconvénients similaires.To reduce this mass, the oxygen reserve can be replaced by an on-board oxygen generator, such as a battery of generators by selective absorption and oxygen recovery, so-called OBOGS (on-board oxygen generator systems) that use oxygen. air from the compressor of one or more engines. But such generators provide air enriched with oxygen with a delay from their control restitution. In addition their output pressure depends on the speed of the feed motor and the degree of enrichment of the supplied air is also variable. The pressure initially available may be insufficient to allow inflation of the quick set harness. The degree of initial enrichment may furthermore be insufficient. A common buffer tank intended to serve as a highly enriched air reserve, placed at the exit of the OBOGS and kept filled, provides only an imperfect solution, in particular because the available pressure may be insufficient to inflate the harness and that the presence of a pipe introduces a delay. Other types of onboard generators or even oxygen stores have similar disadvantages.

Par ailleurs, on connaît par US -A- 6032 668 un dispositif de secours d'urgence en cas d'incendie, intégrant un appareil respiratoire comportant un masque respiratoire relié à une source de gaz respiratoire, et, sur une ligne d'alimentation du masque depuis ladite source, une capacité tampon propre au masque. Mais la source comme la capacité tampon, séparées l'une de l'autre par une vanne à commande manuelle, et délimitées à l'intérieur d'un même boîtier par des cloisons de séparation, ne reçoivent que de l'air ambiant, éventuellement filtré, admis dans la source par une vanne unidirectionnelle de pompage d'air, cet air s'écoulant de la source dans la capacité tampon à l'ouverture manuelle de la vanne, pour alimenter le masque, sans régulateur, par une conduite souple débouchant à une extrémité directement dans la capacité tampon.Furthermore, US-A-6032 668 discloses an emergency fire emergency device incorporating a breathing apparatus comprising a breathing mask connected to a source of breathing gas, and on a supply line of the mask from said source, a buffer capacity specific to the mask. But the source as the buffer capacity, separated from each other by a manually operated valve, and delimited inside the same housing by partition walls, receive only ambient air, possibly filtered, admitted into the source by a unidirectional air pumping valve, this air flowing from the source into the buffer capacity at the manual opening of the valve, to feed the mask, without regulator, by a flexible pipe opening at one end directly into the buffer capacity.

La présente invention vise notamment à fournir un appareil respiratoire, notamment du type ayant un masque à harnais pneumatique gonflable, répondant mieux que ceux antérieurement connus aux exigences de la pratique, surtout sur les appareils de transport à grande capacité ; il vise particulièrement à garantir que du gaz respiratoire ayant une teneur en oxygène suffisante pour l'inspiration et éventuellement ayant une pression suffisante pour permettre une mise en place rapide sera disponible dès les premières inspirations de l'utilisateur, et cela avant que l'avion n'ait atteint l'altitude à laquelle cette disponibilité est essentielle, voire même avant décollage.The present invention aims in particular to provide a breathing apparatus, especially of the type having an inflatable pneumatic harness mask, better than those previously known to the requirements of practice, especially on high capacity transport apparatus; it is particularly intended to ensure that breathing gas having an oxygen content sufficient for inspiration and possibly having sufficient pressure to allow rapid introduction will be available from the first inspirations of the user, and this before the aircraft has reached the altitude at which this availability is essential, or even before take-off.

Dans ce but l'invention propose un appareil respiratoire du type connu par US-A-6,032,668 et caractérisé par la partie caractérisante de la revendication 1, et une installation selon la revendication 14, comprenant au moins un appareil respiratoire selon l'invention.For this purpose the invention provides a breathing apparatus of the type known from US-A-6,032,668 and characterized by the characterizing part of claim 1, and an installation according to claim 14, comprising at least one breathing apparatus according to the invention.

D'autres mesures techniques avantageuses de l'appareil respiratoire sont présentées dans les revendications 2 à 13, et la revendication 15 précise l'installation. Ainsi la pression qui s'établit dans la capacité est la pression maximale fournie par le générateur pendant la période qui précède.Other advantageous technical measures of the breathing apparatus are presented in claims 2 to 13, and claim 15 specifies the installation. Thus the pressure which is established in the capacity is the maximum pressure supplied by the generator during the preceding period.

Dans le cas, qui est celui d'un OBOGS, où la teneur en oxygène est variable, notamment suivant l'instant du cycle de restitution, il est préférable de munir la ligne d'admission d'une vanne ne permettant le remplissage initial de la capacité que lorsque la teneur en oxygène est supérieure à un seuil déterminé, par exemple 94%. Cette vanne peut également être maintenue fermée lorsque la pression d'admission est insuffisante.In the case, which is that of an OBOGS, where the oxygen content is variable, particularly following the moment of the restitution cycle, it is preferable to provide the intake line with a valve that does not allow the initial filling of the capacity only when the oxygen content is greater than a determined threshold, for example 94%. This valve can also be kept closed when the inlet pressure is insufficient.

Des moyens seront généralement prévus pour, une fois passées les premières inspirations et le générateur en régime établi, ou en cas d'épuisement de la capacité alors que le générateur ne remplit pas encore totalement les conditions ci-dessus, permettre le passage de gaz provenant du générateur dans le régulateur du masque.Means will generally be provided for, once past the first inspirations and the generator in steady state, or in case of exhaustion of capacity when the generator does not yet fully fulfill the above conditions, allow the passage of gas from of the generator in the regulator of the mask.

Dans la pratique une capacité de 3 à 5 litres de gaz à l'état détendu sera suffisante. Le gonflement du harnais des masques actuels par action sur une vanne manuelle demande généralement une pression d'environ 2 bars et un volume de l'ordre de 1 litre. Habituellement un OBOGS fournit une pression susceptible de varier dans un rapport de 1 à 6 suivant le régime du moteur. Dans le cas d'un OBOGS fournissant une pression variable de 0,5 à 3 bars, la pression maximum, atteinte lorsque les moteurs sont à pleine puissance pour la montée, dépasse largement la valeur requise dans la capacité.In practice a capacity of 3 to 5 liters of gas in the relaxed state will be sufficient. The swelling of the harness of the current masks by action on a manual valve generally requires a pressure of about 2 bars and a volume of about 1 liter. Usually an OBOGS provides a pressure that can vary in a ratio of 1 to 6 depending on the engine speed. In the case of an OBOGS providing a variable pressure of 0.5 to 3 bar, the maximum pressure, reached when the engines are at full power for the climb, greatly exceeds the required value in the capacity.

L'invention permet d'utiliser un générateur embarqué commun pour l'équipage et les passagers et d'éviter l'emport de bouteilles d'oxygène lourdes et à vérifier fréquemment, autres que celles requises pour des besoins thérapeutiques éventuels.The invention makes it possible to use a common onboard generator for the crew and the passengers and to avoid the carrying of heavy oxygen cylinders and to check frequently, other than those required for possible therapeutic needs.

La capacité pourra souvent être incorporée à la boîte à masque dont l'ouverture déclenche l'alimentation en oxygène ; elle est alors directement reliée au flexible d'alimentation du régulateur et du harnais du masque. Cette adaptation implique simplement une augmentation limitée de l'encombrement d'une boîte telle que celle décrite par exemple dans le document US-A- 6 039 045.The capacity can often be incorporated into the mask box whose opening triggers the oxygen supply; it is then directly connected to the supply hose of the regulator and the harness of the mask. This adaptation simply involves a limited increase in the size of a box such as that described for example in US-A-6 039 045.

Les caractéristiques ci-dessus, ainsi que d'autres, apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux dessins qui l'accompagnent, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue simplifiée d'un appareil constituant un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, à masque dit intégral ou " full face ", représenté alors que le masque est sorti de la boîte ;
  • la figure 2 montre une variante de réalisation.
The above characteristics, as well as others, will appear better on reading the following description of particular embodiments given as non-limiting examples. The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a simplified view of an apparatus constituting a particular embodiment of the invention, so-called full face mask or "full face", shown while the mask is out of the box;
  • Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment.

L'appareil montré en figure 1 comprend un masque respiratoire 10 à régulateur 12 permettant une dilution par de l'air ambiant, muni d'un harnais pneumatique 14 qui peut être notamment d'un quelconque des types décrits dans les demandes de brevet déjà mentionnées. En dehors des périodes d'utilisation, le masque et le harnais sont stockés dans une boîte 16 muni d'une porte à deux volets 18 et 20. Une vanne 22 portée par le boîtier de la boîte est interposée entre un flexible 26 relié au régulateur du masque et une conduite d'alimentation 24. La vanne 22 est placée de façon qu'elle mette en communication le flexible et la conduite 24 lorsque l'utilisateur du masque 10 tire celui-ci hors de la boîte et que le volet 18 s'ouvre. Quelquefois la boîte porte également un- commutateur permettant de choisir entre un fonctionnement du régulateur avec dilution (protection contre l'hypoxie seule) et sans dilution (protection contre les fumées).The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises a respiratory mask 10 with a regulator 12 allowing dilution by ambient air, provided with a pneumatic harness 14 which can be in particular of any of the types described in the patent applications already mentioned. . Outside the periods of use, the mask and the harness are stored in a box 16 provided with a double door 18 and 20. A valve 22 carried by the housing of the box is interposed between a hose 26 connected to the regulator of the mask and a supply line 24. The valve 22 is placed so that it communicates the hose and the pipe 24 when the user of the mask 10 pulls the mask out of the box and the shutter 18 s opens. Sometimes the box also carries a switch allowing to choose between a functioning of the regulator with dilution (protection against hypoxia alone) and without dilution (protection against fumes).

La conduite 24 est destinée à recevoir de l'air très enrichi en oxygène provenant d'un générateur 30, généralement constitué par une batterie d'OBOGS à cycles d'absorption et de restitution décalés. Deux OBOGS sont représentés sur la figure 1. Le même générateur alimente un grand nombre de masques. Il peut par exemple être à tamis moléculaire. Il existe dans le commerce de tels générateurs, utilisant par exemple les dispositions décrites dans le brevet US 4 561 865 et les antériorités qui y sont citées.The pipe 24 is intended to receive oxygen enriched air from a generator 30, generally consisting of an OBOGS battery with offset absorption and recovery cycles. Two OBOGS are shown in Figure 1. The same generator feeds a large number of masks. It can for example be molecular sieve. Such generators are commercially available, for example using the described arrangements in US Patent 4,561,865 and the prior art cited therein.

Dans le mode de réalisation de l'invention montré en figure 1, une ligne d'alimentation assurant la liaison entre la boîte et un collecteur 32 de sortie du générateur 30 comporte successivement, d'aval en amont, une capacité 34, un clapet anti-retour 36 et une électrovanne 38. Le clapet anti-retour garantit le maintien d'un volume d'air très enrichi en oxygène et sous une pression suffisante pour gonfler le harnais même pendant les périodes où le générateur 30 fournit de l'air sous une pression plus faible que celle qui règne dans la capacité 34. L'électrovanne à trois voies 38 est associée à un module de commande qui ne permet l'alimentation de la capacité que lorsque le gaz provenant du générateur 30 présente une teneur en oxygène supérieure à un seuil, par exemple 94 ± 2 % aussi longtemps que le masque est stocké. Pour cela, un analyseur de gaz 42 est placé sur la ligne d'alimentation de la capacité 34 et fournit un signal au module 40. Ce module 40 peut également comporter une prise de pression 44 et être prévu pour ne mettre en communication le collecteur 32 et la capacité 34 que lorsque la pression fournie par le générateur dépasse une valeur déterminée, supérieure à la valeur nécessaire pour gonfler complètement le harnais 14.In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1, a supply line providing the connection between the box and an outlet manifold 32 of the generator 30 comprises, successively, downstream upstream, a capacitor 34, a check valve -retour 36 and a solenoid valve 38. The non-return valve ensures the maintenance of a volume of air enriched with oxygen and at a pressure sufficient to inflate the harness even during periods when the generator 30 provides air under a lower pressure than that which prevails in the capacity 34. The three-way solenoid valve 38 is associated with a control module that allows the supply of the capacity only when the gas from the generator 30 has a higher oxygen content at a threshold, for example 94 ± 2% as long as the mask is stored. For this, a gas analyzer 42 is placed on the supply line of the capacitor 34 and provides a signal to the module 40. This module 40 may also include a pressure tap 44 and be provided to put in communication the collector 32 and the capacity 34 only when the pressure supplied by the generator exceeds a predetermined value, greater than the value necessary to completely inflate the harness 14.

Dans un mode simplifié de réalisation, l'électrovanne 38 est commandée pour mettre en communication le collecteur 32 et le clapet anti-retour 36 aussi longtemps que la teneur en oxygène du gaz respiratoire dépasse le seuil.In a simplified embodiment, the solenoid valve 38 is controlled to put in communication the manifold 32 and the non-return valve 36 as long as the oxygen content of the breathing gas exceeds the threshold.

Dans une autre variante encore, qui est utilisable lorsque la source de gaz enrichie en oxygène fournit initialement une teneur élevée en oxygène, l'électrovanne 38 peut être omise.In yet another variant, which is usable when the oxygen enriched gas source initially provides a high oxygen content, the solenoid valve 38 may be omitted.

Dans une autre variante, le module 40 est prévu pour commander l'électrovanne et mettre en communication le collecteur 32 et le clapet anti-retour 36 lorsqu'il reçoit un signal d'ouverture du volet 18 de la boîte : ainsi, le masque est toujours alimenté lorsqu'il est porté.In another variant, the module 40 is designed to control the solenoid valve and to put the collector 32 and the non-return valve 36 in communication when it receives an opening signal from the flap 18 of the box: thus, the mask is always powered when worn.

Dans la variante de réalisation montrée en figure 2, le masque 10 est prévu pour être stocké autrement que dans une boîte à masques. Il est relié par la conduite souple 26 à une capacité séparée. La liaison entre la capacité 34 et une électrovanne 38 comporte un clapet anti-retour 36. Dans le cas illustré, l'électrovanne 38 est reliée à un module de commande 40 qui met en communication le collecteur 32 avec le clapet anti-retour 36 :

  • lorsque la teneur en oxygène, mesurée par un analyseur de gaz 42, dépasse une valeur déterminée, et
  • lorsque la pression dans la capacité 34, mesurée par un capteur 44, est inférieure à une valeur déterminée, cela afin de garantir la disponibilité de gaz respiratoire en provenance de la source.
In the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the mask 10 is intended to be stored other than in a mask box. It is connected by the flexible pipe 26 to a separate capacity. The connection between the capacitor 34 and a solenoid valve 38 comprises a non-return valve 36. In the illustrated case, the solenoid valve 38 is connected to a control module 40 which puts the collector 32 into communication with the non-return valve 36:
  • when the oxygen content, measured by a gas analyzer 42, exceeds a predetermined value, and
  • when the pressure in the capacity 34, measured by a sensor 44, is lower than a determined value, in order to guarantee the availability of respiratory gas from the source.

D'autres modes de réalisation encore sont possibles, utilisant ou non les électrovannes, notamment en fonction de la nature du générateur 30.Still other embodiments are possible, using or not the solenoid valves, in particular depending on the nature of the generator 30.

Le procédé de mise en oeuvre de l'installation peut par exemple être le suivant en cas d'emploi de générateurs OBOGS.The implementation method of the installation can for example be the following in case of use of OBOGS generators.

Dès la phase initiale de montée de l'avion après décollage, au moins un des générateurs 30 est mis en service pour prélever sélectivement de l'oxygène. Les réacteurs étant alors à pleine puissance, l'air qui passe par le tamis moléculaire du générateur est à pression élevée. Une fois le tamis moléculaire saturé, l'alimentation en air est transférée sur un autre OBOGS. Un jeu de vannes prévu sur le premier OBOGS est commandé pour le mettre en liaison avec la canalisation 32 et l'OBOGS est chauffé pour restituer l'oxygène. La pression étant élevée et le gaz étant à haute teneur en oxygène, les capacités tampons 34 se remplissent à une pression suffisante pour gonfler des harnais. Des moyens peuvent être prévus pour purger la capacité tampon de l'air qu'elle peut contenir avant remplissage en air enrichi sous pression. Un ou des réservoirs communs 46 peuvent également être remplis à ce stade. Une fois ces opérations effectuées et le second OBOGS également saturé en oxygène, le premier peut être rechargé lui aussi afin de disposer d'une réserve maximale.From the initial phase of climb of the aircraft after take-off, at least one of the generators 30 is put into service to selectively collect oxygen. The reactors are then at full power, the air passing through the molecular sieve of the generator is at high pressure. Once the molecular sieve is saturated, the air supply is transferred to another OBOGS. A set of valves provided on the first OBOGS is controlled to connect it to the pipe 32 and the OBOGS is heated to restore the oxygen. Since the pressure is high and the gas is high in oxygen, the buffer capacities 34 fill up at a pressure sufficient to inflate harnesses. Means may be provided to purge the buffer capacity of the air that it can contain before filling with enriched air under pressure. One or more common tanks 46 may also be filled at this stage. Once these operations are performed and the second OBOGS also saturated with oxygen, the first can be recharged too in order to have a maximum reserve.

Dans une variante, un au moins des générateurs est commandé suivant un cycle absorption-restitution avant décollage afin que les pilotes disposent de gaz riche en oxygène et sous pression permettant de mettre les masques, en cas de fumée par exemple.In a variant, at least one of the generators is controlled according to an absorption-restoration cycle before takeoff so that the pilots have gas rich in oxygen and under pressure to put the masks, in case of smoke for example.

Dans tous les cas, les pilotes seront à même de mettre le masque respiratoire en quelques secondes quelle que soit l'altitude et de disposer immédiatement de gaz respiratoire très enrichi. Le réservoir ou les réservoirs communs permettront aux passagers de disposer également d'oxygène avec un retard qui peut être un peu plus important. Du fait que les générateurs sont initialement saturés en oxygène et sous pression, ils permettront de maintenir une alimentation sous pression élevée pendant le temps nécessaire pour descendre à l'altitude de fin de croisière, entre 5000 et 8000 mètres, à laquelle une pression qui sera plus faible (du fait que le régime des moteurs est réduit) est suffisante pour les besoins respiratoires.In any case, the pilots will be able to put on the breathing mask in a few seconds, whatever the altitude, and immediately have a very enriched respiratory gas. The common tank or tanks will allow the passengers to also have oxygen with a delay that may be a little larger. Because the generators are initially saturated with oxygen and under pressure, they will maintain a high pressure supply for the time necessary to descend to the end of cruise altitude, between 5000 and 8000 meters, at which pressure will be lower (because the engine speed is reduced) is sufficient for respiratory needs.

Claims (15)

  1. Breathing apparatus comprising:
    a breathing mask (10) connected to a source of breathing gas (30) and, on a feed line of the mask (10) from said source (30), a buffer plenum (34) specific to the mask (10), characterized in that the mask (10) for the protection of a plane crew member, particularly against hypoxia, is provided with a regulator (12) fed from said breathing gas source (30) through said feed line, said buffer plenum (34) having a volume sufficient to provide for at least two typical breaths in succession, and being provided with an inlet equipped with a non-return check valve (36) on said feed line, arranged to be connected to said source (30) made of a generator of oxygen or oxygen-enriched air.
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said feed line is provided with means (38) for allowing initial filling of the buffer plenum (34) only when the inlet pressure delivered by the generator (30) exceeds a predetermined value.
  3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the feed line is provided with means (38, 40, 44) for allowing feeding of the buffer plenum (34) only when the oxygen content of the gas delivered by the generator (30) exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said threshold is about 94%.
  5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said means (38) are also provided for allowing feeding of the buffer plenum (34) only when the gas pressure delivered by the generator exceeds a predetermined value.
  6. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the feed line is provided with means (38, 40, 44) putting the non-return check valve (36) into communication with the generator (30), when the pressure in the buffer plenum (34) is lower than a predetermined value.
  7. Apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that said means (38, 40) comprises a solenoid valve (38) controlled by a module (40) receiving a signal representative of the oxygen content (42) and possibly a signal representative of the pressure (44) of gas delivered by the generator (30) or of gas in the buffer plenum (34).
  8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the module (40) is arranged to also put the generator (30) and the non-return check valve (36) into communication in response to the mask (10) being taken out of a mask storage box (16).
  9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that said response to the mask (10) being taken out from a mask storage box (16) corresponds to a response to the opening of at least one flap (18, 20) of a door of said mask storage box (16).
  10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that said buffer (34) is incorporated in said storage box (16).
  11. Apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a valve (22) carried by the storage box (16) and interposed between a flexible hose (26) connected to the regulator (12) of the mask (10) and a feed pipe (24) connected to said buffer plenum (34), is controlled in response to the mask (10) being taken-out from said storage box (16) to put said feed pipe (24) and said flexible hose (26) into communication.
  12. Apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the regulator (12), which is storable with the mask (10) in said storage box (16) is of the type enabling dilution, and said storage box (16) carries a switch for selecting between operation of the regulator (12) with or without dilution.
  13. Apparatus according to any one of the previous claims, characterized in that the mask (10) is provided with an inflatable pneumatic harness (14) and said feed line is also connected to a manually controlled valve for inflating the harness (14).
  14. Installation comprising at least one apparatus according to any one of the previous claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said generator (30) consists in a bank of OBOGS generators.
  15. Installation according to claim 14, characterized in that it also comprises at least one common storage tank (46) filled by the OBOGS generators of the bank which are connected in parallel to said tank (46), and connected with them to an outlet manifold (32) of the generator (30) which is common to the feed of the masks (10) of the breathing apparatuses of the crew members and the masks of the passengers of an airplane in which the installation is to be mounted.
EP02291601A 2001-07-11 2002-06-27 Respiratory apparatus and its use in an installation to protect against hypoxy Expired - Lifetime EP1275415B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0109216 2001-07-11
FR0109216A FR2827178B1 (en) 2001-07-11 2001-07-11 BREATHING APPARATUS AND PROTECTION DEVICE AGAINST HYPOXIA INCLUDING APPLICATION

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EP1275415A1 EP1275415A1 (en) 2003-01-15
EP1275415B1 true EP1275415B1 (en) 2007-04-11

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EP (1) EP1275415B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2393078C (en)
DE (1) DE60219392T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2284796T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2827178B1 (en)

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DE60219392D1 (en) 2007-05-24
US6923183B2 (en) 2005-08-02
FR2827178A1 (en) 2003-01-17
FR2827178B1 (en) 2003-12-05
EP1275415A1 (en) 2003-01-15
DE60219392T2 (en) 2007-12-13
ES2284796T3 (en) 2007-11-16
CA2393078C (en) 2007-04-24
US20030010341A1 (en) 2003-01-16
CA2393078A1 (en) 2003-01-11

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