EP1272738A1

EP1272738A1 - Rotary piston engine

Info

Publication number: EP1272738A1
Application number: EP01911339A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hubert Tomczyk
Original assignee: DIRO Konstruktions GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: DIRO Konstruktions GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2000-03-28
Filing date: 2001-01-11
Publication date: 2003-01-08
Anticipated expiration: 2021-01-11
Also published as: AU4041801A; DE10015388A1; ATE271184T1; JP3831254B2; JP2003535249A; US20030111040A1; WO2001077498A1; US6729295B2; DE50102854D1; EP1272738B1; DE10015388C2

Abstract

A rotary piston engine having at least two rotary pistons formed as gearwheels mounted in a rotatable fashion on mutually perpendicular axes in a housing that provides a closed seal for the pistons on both faces as well as around their circumferences, is at one point in a sliding, mutually sealing engagement of gear, teeth with each other. The two rotary pistons have different diameters and the teeth forming the individual pistons make contact at an angle of 45° in each case and have slightly helical flanks. The tooth spaces forming a carburetion chamber, a compression chamber and a working chamber have an inside contour precisely matching the shape of the teeth. Each of the internal and external teeth are assigned through-flow bores where each through-flow bores opens into an outlet on a circular surface area of the rotary pistons which lie opposite to each other.

Description

Rotary engine

The invention relates to a rotary piston engine with at least two rotary pistons each formed as a gear, which are rotatably mounted at right angles in a housing that seals them on both sides and on their circumference, and at one point are in sliding, mutually sealing tooth engagement with one another.

Regarding the general state of the art, reference can be made to DE 33 17 089 A1, DE 33 17 330 C2, DE 27 31 534, DE 33 21 461 C2, DE-OS 2 104 595, DE 26 55 649 A1, DE-OS 2 034 300, DE-PS 260 704, EP 0 091 975 A1 as well as AT-PS 227 054 and GB-PS 17,535.

Most of these previously known proposals are based on two interlocking piston rings, the axes of which intersect in the middle of the piston ring, so that both piston rings have the same center, or two piston rings, the pistons of which are formed only on the outer surface of the ring. In embodiments in which a piston ring rotates in the interior of a second piston ring, the spherical sealing surfaces are the same for both piston rings, but sealing in the direction of rotation in one of two interfaces is not guaranteed. Even in the second of the above-mentioned embodiments, the seal in the direction of rotation is not guaranteed; the dimensions and weight of the motor are also unfavorable.

All previously known solutions are based on the usual system of fuel mixture preparation with subsequent combustion process. The short time that is available for the preparation of the fuel mixture and for its combustion is disadvantageous due to the system. The usually required valve controls have additional disadvantages. The disadvantages are incomplete fuel combustion and therefore harmful exhaust gases. To extend the time available for mixture preparation and combustion, the fuel is often mixed with air in a carburetor, i.e. far in front of the combustion chamber, or - in the case of fuel injection - in the intake duct.

In the previously known solutions, the largest possible combustion chambers are aimed at, but this causes system-related disadvantages. The present invention is therefore based on the knowledge that small engines have the best power ratio and enable better combustion conditions.

The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a rotary piston engine which has the advantages of a miniature engine, that is to say allows the most complete possible fuel combustion and reduces the emission of harmful exhaust gases.

Starting from the rotary piston engine described in the introduction, this object is achieved according to the invention by the following features:

a) The at least two rotary pistons have different diameters;

b) mzelkolben forming teeth are each inclined at 45 ° and have slightly helical surface shaped flanks designed to E ^';

c) the preparation, compression and working chambers forming interdental spaces have an inner contour which corresponds exactly to the tooth shape; d) each tooth is assigned a through-bore provided in the rotary piston, forming a combustion chamber, which opens into the opposite rotary piston circular surfaces and is kept sealed here from opposite, sandwiched housing walls enclosing a rotary piston over a certain angle of rotation range;

e) before the tooth engagement, a first connecting channel is provided in the housing walls for each rotary piston, which fluidically connects the tooth space rotating past it with a through hole and fills it with compressed air or fuel mixture;

f) behind the tooth engagement, a second connecting channel is provided in the housing walls for each rotary piston, which fluidically connects the through bore rotating past it with one of the subsequent tooth spaces into which the filling of the through bore expands;

g) in the housing walls mentioned, an exhaust opening and an intake opening opposite this, connected to an air or fuel mixture supply, are provided in each case in front of and behind the tooth engagement, which are connected in terms of flow technology in succession to the intermediate tooth space rotating past. According to the invention, the mixture preparation is thus separated in time and space from the processes previously customary in internal combustion engines by creating a "preparation cycle". This is achieved with an arrangement of combustion chambers working in succession in a rotary lobe. During a compression cycle in an interdental space, the compressed medium is pressed into a combustion chamber which is also provided in the rotary piston and which subsequently remains closed for the above-mentioned "preparation cycle". However, the pressure required for the subsequent working stroke comes from the combustion chamber leading in the rotary piston, in which the entire preparation process and the combustion have just been completed. The combustion chambers provided in the rotary piston successively come into connection with working volumes formed in the motor housing, which are formed by the interdental spaces.

According to the invention, many very small combustion chambers are thus created; at the same time, there is sufficient time and space for the fuel mixture preparation and its combustion. This results in better energy exploitation and a reduction in pollutant emissions. From a design point of view, it proves to be advantageous that the rotary piston engine according to the invention manages without a crankshaft, connecting rods and valves.

Any fuels, in particular hydrogen or alcohol, or fuel mixtures such as naphtha with water are suitable for operating the rotary piston engine according to the invention. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the through bores forming the combustion chambers are equipped with catalysts or inserts for flameless combustion. When using hydrogen can with water injection be worked while a nickel insert is suitable for a naphtha / water mixture.

The rotary piston engine according to the invention is not only suitable as an aircraft, ship or car engine but also for power generators.

To form the individual cycle sequences, it is expedient if the intake opening covers the opposite exhaust opening over a partial angular width. It is also advantageous if the suction opening extends over the angular width of more than one tooth space.

To extend the service life, it is advantageous if the through bores forming the combustion chambers and optionally also the second connecting channels are lined with a heat-insulating layer.

Further advantages of the invention are explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment.

In the drawing, an exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown. Show it

1 shows a schematic perspective illustration of an internal gear 1 which forms the output of a rotary piston motor and which surrounds a plurality of smaller diameter rotary pistons each provided with external teeth, all of which are mounted in an only partially indicated motor housing;

Figure 2 in an interior view and partially in section, the area of a tooth engagement between the internal gear and a rotary piston provided with external teeth;

3 shows the view according to FIG. 2 in a diagrammatic representation;

Figures 4, 6 and 8, the three cycles of the workflow following the representation according to Figure 2;

Figures 5, 7 and 9, the respective graphical representation of Figures 4, 6 and 8 and

Figures 10 and 11 representations according to FIGS. 6 and 7 with a modified course of the through bores.

Figure 1 shows a schematic representation, with the omission of a housing cover, the rotating parts of a rotary piston engine with internal combustion.

The output of the motor is formed by a rotary piston designed as an internal gear 1, which also has an external toothing 2 for the purpose of rotating a gear unit connected downstream of the motor and not shown in the drawing. The internal gear 1 is rotatably supported in an only schematically indicated housing part 3 about an axis 4. In this housing part 3, incisions 5 are provided, into each of which a rotary piston 7 is provided which has an external toothing 6 and which has a smaller diameter than the internal gear 1, all of which

Rotary pistons with the internal gear 1 are each in mesh 8 and with their axes of rotation 9 in the approximately through the housing part shown

3 formed diameter plane of symmetry of the internal gear 1.

Each of these axes of rotation 9 is thus perpendicular to the axis 4 of the internal gear 1.

The inner teeth 10 of the inner gear 1 and the outer teeth 11 of the rotary pistons 7 are each set at 45 °, have slightly helical flanks and each form individual pistons which, when the rotary pistons 1, 7 rotate, are immersed in the interdental spaces 12 of the associated rotary piston which have an inner contour which corresponds exactly to the shape of the inner or outer teeth 10, 1 1 and form preparation or compression chambers. The tooth flanks are over their respective radial height straight, but slightly twisted in the axial direction.

Each tooth 10, 1 1 is assigned a through-bore 13 provided in the rotary piston 1, 7 and forming a combustion chamber, which opens into the opposite rotary piston circular surfaces 1 a, 7 a and here from opposite one another, sandwiching a rotary piston 1, 7 between them Housing walls 14, 15 and 16, 17 is kept sealed sealed over a certain range of rotation angle (see, for example, Figure 2). In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, which is modified only with regard to the course of the through bore 13, the obliquely running through bore 13 connects a tooth space 12 with the second subsequent tooth space in each case.

Before each tooth engagement 8, a first connecting channel 18 is provided in the housing walls 14, 16 for the rotary pistons 1, 7 shown in FIGS. 2 to 9, which fluidically connects the tooth space 12 rotating past it with a through hole 13 and this with compressed air or compressed fuel mixture. Behind the tooth engagement 8, a second connecting channel 19 is provided in the housing walls 15, 17 for each of the two rotary pistons 1, 7, which fluidically connects the through bore 13 rotating past it with one of the subsequent tooth spaces 12, into which the through bore is filled 13 expands.

In the housing walls 14, 16, an exhaust opening 20 is provided in front of and behind the tooth engagement 8 shown, each of which has one in the housing walls 15, 17 with a (in the drawing Air or fuel mixture supply (not shown in detail) is opposite the suction opening 21 such that the exhaust opening 20 and the associated suction opening 21 are connected fluidically one after the other to the tooth space 12 rotating past. The intake opening 21 can cover the opposite exhaust opening 20 over only a partial angular range a. The suction opening 21 extends over the angular width b of two successive interdental spaces 12.

In FIGS. 2 to 9, the arrows 22 indicate the direction of rotation of the internal gear 1 and the arrows 23 the direction of rotation of the rotary piston 7 shown in these figures in the region of the tooth engagement 8 shown.

In the positional representation according to FIG. 2, the tooth space 12 on the right outside of the internal gear 1 has already been emptied of the combustion exhaust gas which is under a slightly positive pressure (see arrow "Exhaust") and at least partially filled again with combustion air or a fuel mixture via the intake opening 21 (see the Arrow “intake”), the leading interdental space 12 being supplied with combustion air or a fuel mixture via the intake opening 21. The third interdental space 12 seen from the right in FIG. 2 is increasingly subjected to a compression which is 1/4 in the position shown in FIG. 2, 2/4 in FIG. 4 and 3/4 in FIG. 6. FIG. 8 shows the compression end, that is the maximum compression, for this interdental space 12. The tooth space 12 of the internal gear 1, which has already largely left the area of the tooth engagement 8, does 3/4 work in the position according to FIG. 2, while the end of work has already been reached in the subsequent position shown in FIG. Figure 6 then shows for the following, from the Tooth meshing area 8 exiting tooth space 1/4 work and in Figure 8 2/4 work. FIG. 6 shows that the through bore 13 located in front of the tooth engagement 8 comes into fluidic connection with the first connecting channel 18 indicated in the housing wall 14, via which the through bore 13 is filled from the leading tooth space 12. In the same way, FIG. 6 shows that the through bore 13 located to the left of the tooth engagement 8 relaxes via the second connecting channel 19 provided in the housing wall 15 into the interdental space just emerging from the tooth engagement region and thereby does work.

The situation is analogous with respect to the rotary piston 7, for which FIG. 2 indicates a compression 3/4 for the tooth space located before the tooth engagement 8 and a work 1/4 for the tooth space just emerging from the tooth engagement 8. Figure 4 shows the end of compression for the lower interdental space and 2/4 work for the upper interdental space. According to FIG. 6, there is a compression of 1/4 for the lower subsequent tooth space and a work of 3/4 for the upper tooth space; in the following cycle shown in FIG. 8, a compression of 2/4 takes place in the lower interdental space, while the end of work is indicated for the upper interdental space that has completely exited the tooth engagement area.

The workflow is therefore carried out in a modified 5-stroke process

1st beat: exhaust 2nd stroke: intake (exhaust and intake - as with one

Two-stroke engine - can be done dynamically in one process)

3rd cycle: compression 4th cycle: evaporation (mixture preparation and

Combustion initiation) 5th cycle: work.

According to the invention, compressed air or a compressed fuel mixture is pressed valvelessly via a "window" (first connecting channel 18) into a rotating combustion chamber (through hole 13), where the processed fuel mixture burns and then again without a valve via a "window" (second connecting channel 19) rotating working volume (interdental space 12) is shifted. The initiation of combustion can take place without or with the help of spark or glow plugs.

Expectations

1. Rotary piston engine with at least two rotary pistons (1, 7) each formed as a gear, which are rotatably mounted at right angles in a housing (3, 14, 15, 16, 17) that seals them on both sides and on their circumference and at one point in sliding , mutually sealing tooth engagement (8), characterized by the following features:

a) the at least two rotary pistons (1, 7) have different diameters;

b) the individual piston-forming teeth (10, 1 1) are each under

45 ° and have slightly helical flanks;

c) the preparation, compression and working chambers forming interdental spaces (12) have exactly that

Corresponding inner contour to tooth shape;

d) each tooth (10, 1 1) is assigned a through-bore (13) provided in the rotary piston (1, 7) and forming a combustion chamber, which opens into the opposite rotary piston circular surfaces (1 a, 7a) and here from opposite one another , a rotary piston (1, 7) sandwiched between enclosing housing walls (14, 15, 16, 17) a sealing angle range is kept sealed sealed;

e) before the tooth engagement (8), a first connecting channel (18) is provided in the housing walls (14, 16) for each rotary piston (1, 7), which connects the tooth space (12) rotating past it with a through hole (13 ) connects fluidically and fills them with compressed air or fuel mixture;

f) behind the tooth engagement (8), a second connecting channel (19) is provided in the housing walls (15, 17) for each rotary piston (1, 7), which connects the through bore (13) rotating past it with one of the following interdental spaces (12) connects fluidically, into which the filling of the through hole (13) expands;

g) in the aforementioned housing walls (14, 16 and 15, 17) are an exhaust opening in front of and behind the tooth engagement (8)

(20) as well as a suction opening (21) opposite this and connected to an air or fuel mixture supply, which are connected in terms of flow technology to the tooth space (12) rotating past each one after the other.

2. Rotary piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the intake opening (21) covers the opposite exhaust opening (20) over a partial angular width (a). 3. Rotary piston engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the suction opening (21) extends over the angular width (b) of more than one tooth space (12).

4. Rotary piston engine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the through holes (13) forming the combustion chambers are lined with a heat-insulating layer.

5. Rotary piston engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the second connecting channels (19) are lined with a heat-insulating layer.

6. Rotary piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the through holes (13) forming the combustion chambers are equipped with catalysts or inserts for flameless combustion.

7. Rotary piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rotary piston is designed as an internal gear (1) with a large diameter and encloses a plurality of rotary pistons (7) with a smaller diameter each provided with external teeth (6), each of which engages in the tooth engagement (8). stand with the internal gear (1) and with their axes of rotation (9) in the

Diameter plane of symmetry of the internal gear (1), which forms the motor output.

8. Rotary piston engine according to claim 7, characterized in that the internal gear (1) also has external teeth (2) for turning a gearbox downstream of the engine.

Claims

Summary

The invention relates to a rotary piston engine with at least two rotary pistons each formed as a gear, which are rotatably mounted at right angles in a housing that seals them on both sides and on their circumference, and at one point are in sliding, mutually sealing tooth engagement with one another. The following features are proposed as a novel motor system:

a) The at least two rotary pistons have different diameters;

b) the teeth forming the individual pistons are each set at 45 ° and have slightly helical flanks;

c) the preparation, compression and working chambers forming interdental spaces have an inner contour which corresponds exactly to the tooth shape;

d) each tooth is assigned a through-bore provided in the rotary piston, forming a combustion chamber, which opens into the opposite rotary piston circular surfaces and is kept sealed here from opposite, sandwiched housing walls enclosing a rotary piston over a certain angle of rotation range; e) before the tooth engagement, a first connecting channel is provided in the housing walls for each rotary piston, which fluidically connects the tooth space rotating past it with a through hole and fills it with compressed air or fuel mixture;

g) in the housing walls mentioned, an exhaust opening and an intake opening opposite this, connected to an air or fuel mixture supply, are provided in each case in front of and behind the tooth engagement, which are connected in terms of flow technology in succession to the intermediate tooth space rotating past.