EP1267376B1 - Interrupteur de puissance autoactivé - Google Patents

Interrupteur de puissance autoactivé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1267376B1
EP1267376B1 EP01810534A EP01810534A EP1267376B1 EP 1267376 B1 EP1267376 B1 EP 1267376B1 EP 01810534 A EP01810534 A EP 01810534A EP 01810534 A EP01810534 A EP 01810534A EP 1267376 B1 EP1267376 B1 EP 1267376B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
switching device
power switching
contact element
pieces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01810534A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1267376A1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Kaltenborn
Felix Greuter
Martin Kriegel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to EP01810534A priority Critical patent/EP1267376B1/fr
Priority to DE50102271T priority patent/DE50102271D1/de
Priority to AT01810534T priority patent/ATE266899T1/de
Priority to JP2002148695A priority patent/JP2003016890A/ja
Publication of EP1267376A1 publication Critical patent/EP1267376A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1267376B1 publication Critical patent/EP1267376B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H01H85/42—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc using an arc-extinguishing gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/43—Means for exhausting or absorbing gases liberated by fusing arc, or for ventilating excess pressure generated by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/47—Means for cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power switching device according to the Preamble of claim 1, which in particular for Switching fault currents is suitable.
  • the invention is based on the object of a power switching device to create that also high fault currents can switch, but in comparison to conventional Circuit breakers are of simpler construction.
  • a fault current of a certain size When a fault current of a certain size occurs brought the melt contact element to melt. Between the spaced-apart contact pieces is now a Arc ignited, causing movement of the contact pieces in their off position causes. For an additional one mechanical drive for separating the contact pieces can therefore to be dispensed with.
  • a supplier for the for blowing the Arc required gas serves a gas source, preferably a gas generator arranged in the area of the switching pieces, from the outside by means of an ignition signal or by Effect of the heat generated by the arc activated becomes.
  • Power switching device 1 has a housing 2 from a electrically insulating material in which two to one Switching contact arrangement belonging, electrically conductive Switch pieces 3.4 are housed. On every contact 3,4, a flexible electrical conductor 5,6 is connected, the by an end wall 7 or 8 of the Housing 2 is passed. Each contact piece is 3.4 guided in a sliding bearing 9 or 10 made of metal, that define itself in the direction of a switching axis 11 Longitudinal axis of the housing 2 extends.
  • the plain bearings 9,10 are in a bearing part 12 made of an electrically insulating Material stored by one on the inner wall of the housing 2 adjacent bracket 13, which is also made an electrically insulating material is surrounded.
  • the melt contact element 14 In their switch-on position shown in FIG Switch pieces 3,4 separated from each other by a space and a bridge that bridges this gap Melt contact element 14 mechanically and electrically with one another connected.
  • the melt contact element 14 consists of an electrically conductive material whose melting point however, is deeper than that of the material of the contact pieces 3.4.
  • the melt contact element 14 can, for example consist of an alloy made of the same materials (e.g. Ag, Cu, Al) such as the contact pieces 3, 4 and additional ones Components that lower the melting point of the alloy, is composed. But it is also possible to use the fusible contact element 14 to produce from a sintered material from a conductor material, e.g. B. Ag that with another, the melting point lowering material, e.g. B. In, endowed is exists.
  • a gas generator 15 serving as a gas source is arranged, the opposite the fuse contact element 14 in the radial direction and is directed towards an extinguishing chamber 16 in which is also the ends of the contact pieces 3, 4 and this connecting melt contact element 14 are.
  • the arcing chamber 16 opens via an outlet opening 17 in the housing 2, which is diametrically opposite the gas generator 15, into one external exhaust space, not shown, which preferably as a closed exhaust volume is trained to rule out the risk to persons.
  • a cooling element 18 used to cool the escaping gases.
  • the gas generator 15 is constructed such that it is at its Activation produces a gas that contains as much nitrogen as possible, but contains little toxic combustion products.
  • the gas generator 15 has, for example a gas generating material consisting of a Fuel and an oxidizer.
  • the fuel can predominantly organic nitrogen compounds, in particular Guanidine or guanidine derivatives, possibly also contain an additive such as Mg, Al, Zr, Hf or Th.
  • the Oxidator consists essentially of, for example Nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates or permanganates. To do that ignite gas generating material, d. H. the gas generator 11 to activate is preferably a conventional one, for a suitable ignition capsule used external ignition also has a fuel and an oxidizer.
  • the Fuel mostly contains organic nitrogen compounds, in particular guanidine or guanidine derivatives, for example, while the oxidizer essentially consists of Nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates or permanganates exist. It is advantageous to use an ignition material that ignites safely at a given temperature.
  • a so-called cold gas generator can also be used, which is a gas with a temperature of less than 100 ° C generated.
  • An example of a suitable cold gas generator is can be found in RU-C-2 108 282.
  • the operation of the power switching device 1 is like follows:
  • the ignition of the gas generator 15 can instead of as described through the heat radiation of the arc also with the help an ignition signal from an external ignition circuit is generated, triggered. Such an embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 5a.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible embodiment of one of Metal existing cooling element 18 shown as already described in an outlet opening 17 in the housing 2 is used and the gas generator 15 diametrically opposite lies.
  • This cooling element 18 has several at a distance perforated disks 19 arranged from each other. there are holes 20 in adjacent disks 19 laterally offset from one another that the cooling element 18 gas flow passing through it is deflected several times and the gas is effectively cooled.
  • Through the special training of the cooling element 18 is furthermore that of the gas flow arcs driven to the cooling element 18, where the base points of the resulting partial arcs be actively cooled.
  • Gaps 21 are provided.
  • the subdivision achieved thereby the slide bearing 9,10 in several spaced apart Sections prevent the contact pieces from jamming 3.4 during their shifting movement and leads to a division of the arc into several partial arcs.
  • the latter burn with their base points on the surface the metallic plain bearing sections.
  • the one there Burning down leads to a cooling of these base points.
  • the mentioned subdivision of the arc and the cooling The arc base points contribute significantly to a desired one Increase in bow tension at.
  • the gaps 21 between the sections of the slide bearings 9, 10 can be empty, as shown in FIG. 1a, or filled with moldings from a cooling medium.
  • Suitable cooling media are e.g. B. rock powders such as SiO 2 , Al (OH) 3 , Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 and nitrogen-donating materials, for. B. guanidines and guanidine derivatives.
  • the trigger element 22 is preferably designed so that at its Activation by means of an ignition signal an exothermic Reaction is triggered.
  • the trigger element 22 consists essentially from a combustion material that contains a fuel and a Contains oxidizer, which when an ignition temperature is reached react with each other.
  • the large amount of heat released in the process has a melting of the melt contact element 14 for Episode.
  • guanidines and Guanidine derivatives while as an oxidizer preferably oxygen-rich Compounds, especially nitrates, chlorates, Perchlorates and permanganates are used.
  • oxygen-rich Compounds especially nitrates, chlorates, Perchlorates and permanganates are used.
  • the fuel or Oxidator substances are mixed that together with each other enter into a thermitic reaction, e.g. B. metals and metal oxides.
  • an ignition element 23 which is connected to an ignition circuit is connected, which is an ignition signal for triggering of the ignition element 23 is generated, as is the case with the Embodiment according to FIG. 5a will be described.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b of a power switching device 1 according to the invention that differs from the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1a, 1b primarily by a different arrangement of the Gas generator differs.
  • each gas generator 15, 15a has one passage extending in the direction of the switching axis 11 24 or 25, through which one of the electrical conductors 5 or 6 extends through and in which the assigned Switch 3 or 4 when it is moved to the off position runs.
  • the gas generators 15, 15a have also a gas-generating material that consists of a Fuel and an oxidizer.
  • an ignition trigger 26 made of a suitable ignition material embedded, which via a connecting line 27 with an output of an ignition circuit shown only schematically 28 is connected. The ignition circuit is on the input side 28 to one in Fig.
  • channels 31 are provided in the bearing part, which extend in the direction of the switching axis 11 and connect the quenching chamber 16 to cavities 32 and 32a , which are provided adjacent to the gas generators 15 and 15a in the housing 2.
  • An insert 34 containing an extinguishing agent 33 is arranged in the extinguishing chamber 16 in the region of the outlets of the channels 31.
  • the extinguishing agent 33 is accommodated in a chamber 35, into which the channels 31 open and which is closed off from the melt contact element 15 by a film 36.
  • the film 36 should be impermeable to water vapor and can consist, for example, of metal or a polymer plastic.
  • a very fine-grained oxide powder is preferably used as the extinguishing agent 33. Materials particularly suitable for this are SiO 2 , Al (OH) 3 , Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 .
  • the powder particles of the Extinguishing agent 33 are finely distributed in the arc blown and melted, giving the arc energy is withdrawn. This cools the arc.
  • blowing the arc additionally the effect described with reference to FIG. 1a achieved.
  • the power switching device 1 5a, 5b is dispensed with by means of external ignition signals to activate the gas generators 15, 15a and to bring the melt contact element 15 to melt.
  • the melt contact element 14 through the flowing Residual current heated to the melting temperature and so to Brought melting.
  • Igniting burns the ignition element through the film 36 through which the extinguishing agent 33 of the insert 34 is released becomes.
  • the ignition element then ignites the Gas generator 15.15a.
  • This variant can also be used without the one Extinguishing agent 33 containing insert 34 can be realized.
  • the gas needed to blow the arc can also from gas sources other than the gas generators described 15, 15a are supplied, e.g. B. of compressed gas cylinders, which is activated when the melt contact element 14 melts become.
  • the power switching devices according to the invention come as described 1 without an additional mechanical Switch drive off, which has a cost-saving effect. Though can switch the power switching devices 1 only once. With a suitable modular structure, however, can be achieved that a large part of the components used can be used again.
  • the inventive Power switching devices 1 are particularly suitable for using to be connected in series with a load switch. rated currents are switched by the load switch while the power switching device 1 takes over the switching of fault currents.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Appareillage de commutation de puissance (1) comportant un arrangement de contacts de commutation qui présente deux éléments de commutation (3, 4) en un matériau conducteur d'électricité qui peuvent être déplacés l'un par rapport à l'autre le long d'un axe de commutation (11) entre une position de connexion et une position de déconnexion, lesquels sont espacés l'un de l'autre en position de déconnexion dans le sens axial d'un trajet de commutation, et comportant un arrangement destiné à générer un courant de gaz dirigé contre l'arc électrique qui se forme lors de la séparation des éléments de commutation (3, 4), avec lequel les éléments de commutation (3, 4) en position de connexion forment entre eux un espace intermédiaire et sont reliés entre eux mécaniquement et électriquement par le biais d'un élément de contact fusible (14) qui enjambe cet espace intermédiaire, lequel se compose d'un matériau conducteur d'électricité dont le point de fusion est inférieur au point de fusion du matériau des éléments de commutation (3, 4), et avec lequel il existe au moins une source de gaz réalisée sous la forme d'au moins un générateur de gaz (15, 15a) pouvant être activée lors de la fusion de l'élément de contact fusible (14), laquelle, après son activation, délivre un gaz pour souffler l'arc électrique qui s'amorce après la fusion de l'élément de contact fusible (14) entre les éléments de commutation (3, 4) et provoque ainsi un déplacement de ceux-ci dans leur position de déconnexion, caractérisé en ce
    qu'il existe deux générateurs de gaz (15, 15a) espacés l'un de l'autre dans le sens de l'axe de commutation (11), lesquels sont reliés par le biais de canaux (31) avec une chambre d'extinction (16) qui se trouve entre les générateurs de gaz (15, 15a), laquelle entoure les extrémités des éléments de commutation (3, 4) dans leur position de connexion ainsi que l'élément de contact fusible (14).
  2. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la source de gaz est un récipient avec un gaz sous pression.
  3. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de contact fusible (14) est constitué d'un alliage qui se compose des mêmes matériaux que ceux utilisés pour les éléments de commutation (3, 4) et de composantes supplémentaires qui abaissent le point de fusion de l'alliage.
  4. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de contact fusible (14) est constitué d'un matériau fritté qui se compose d'un matériau conducteur d'électricité, notamment de l'Ag, et d'un autre matériau qui abaisse le point de fusion, par exemple de l'In.
  5. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de gaz (15, 15a) contient un matériau générateur de gaz composé d'un combustible et d'un oxydant.
  6. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le combustible contient des composés organiques à base d'azote, notamment de la guanidine ou des dérivés de guanidine.
  7. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que l'oxydant se compose essentiellement de nitrates, de chlorates, de perchlorates ou de permanganates.
  8. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de gaz (15, 15a) contient un matériau d'allumage qui sert à allumer le matériau générateur de gaz, lequel se compose de préférence d'un combustible et d'un oxydant.
  9. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de gaz est un générateur de gaz froid.
  10. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon l'une des revendications 2 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de gaz (15) est disposé dans la zone de la chambre d'extinction (16), laquelle entoure les extrémités des éléments de commutation (3, 4) qui se trouvent en position de connexion ainsi que l'élément de contact fusible (14).
  11. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon l'une des revendications 2 à 10, caractérisé par un circuit d'allumage (28) relié au générateur de gaz (15) en vue de générer un signal d'allumage qui active le générateur de gaz (15).
  12. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de contact fusible (14) se trouve en liaison avec un élément de déclenchement (22) pouvant être activé par un signal d'allumage généré par le circuit d'allumage (28), lequel libère, après l'activation, une quantité de chaleur qui provoque la fusion de l'élément de contact fusible (14), l'élément de déclenchement (22) contenant ici de préférence un combustible et un oxydant.
  13. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon la revendication 1 ou 11, caractérisé en ce qu'entre le générateur de gaz (15) ou les générateurs de gaz (15, 15a) et la chambre d'extinction (16) est disposée une chambre (35) qui se trouve dans le trajet d'écoulement du gaz et qui contient un agent d'extinction (33), de préférence une poudre d'extinction, notamment une poudre d'oxyde.
  14. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la chambre d'extinction (16) est reliée par le biais d'un élément de refroidissement (18) avec un espace d'échappement de préférence fermé.
  15. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de commutation (3, 4) sont guidés dans des paliers lisses (9, 10) qui s'étendent dans le sens de l'axe de commutation (11).
  16. Appareillage de commutation de puissance selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les paliers lisses (9, 10) sont munis d'espaces intermédiaires (21) espacés les uns des autres dans le sens de l'axe de commutation (11), lesquels sont de préférence remplis d'un fluide de refroidissement, par exemple une poussière minérale.
EP01810534A 2001-06-01 2001-06-01 Interrupteur de puissance autoactivé Expired - Lifetime EP1267376B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01810534A EP1267376B1 (fr) 2001-06-01 2001-06-01 Interrupteur de puissance autoactivé
DE50102271T DE50102271D1 (de) 2001-06-01 2001-06-01 Selbstangetriebenes Leistungsschaltgerät
AT01810534T ATE266899T1 (de) 2001-06-01 2001-06-01 Selbstangetriebenes leistungsschaltgerät
JP2002148695A JP2003016890A (ja) 2001-06-01 2002-05-23 自己駆動式の電力遮断器

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01810534A EP1267376B1 (fr) 2001-06-01 2001-06-01 Interrupteur de puissance autoactivé

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1267376A1 EP1267376A1 (fr) 2002-12-18
EP1267376B1 true EP1267376B1 (fr) 2004-05-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01810534A Expired - Lifetime EP1267376B1 (fr) 2001-06-01 2001-06-01 Interrupteur de puissance autoactivé

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1267376B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003016890A (fr)
AT (1) ATE266899T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50102271D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104319208B (zh) * 2014-10-27 2016-08-31 南京萨特科技发展有限公司 防爆微型保护元件及其制作方法
CN106887368B (zh) * 2015-12-16 2019-04-19 比亚迪股份有限公司 保护元件
CN110797239B (zh) * 2019-11-08 2022-04-15 许继集团有限公司 一种熔丝筒及其筒体

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1957906A (en) * 1932-10-26 1934-05-08 Ferguson Pailin Ltd Electric cut-out
US3268690A (en) * 1963-10-11 1966-08-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Fuse constructions including a gas filled reservoir
US3265838A (en) * 1963-11-14 1966-08-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Gas propelled fuse link
US4520337A (en) * 1984-07-23 1985-05-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Boric acid expulsion fuse
US4945333A (en) * 1989-02-13 1990-07-31 Asea Brown Boveri Inc. Fuse assembly, for a cutout, with accelerated arc extinction
AU678623B2 (en) * 1993-12-13 1997-06-05 Eaton Corporation Arc-quenching filler for high voltage current limiting fuses and circuit interrupters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE266899T1 (de) 2004-05-15
DE50102271D1 (de) 2004-06-17
JP2003016890A (ja) 2003-01-17
EP1267376A1 (fr) 2002-12-18

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