EP1259366A1 - Composite material - Google Patents

Composite material

Info

Publication number
EP1259366A1
EP1259366A1 EP01907454A EP01907454A EP1259366A1 EP 1259366 A1 EP1259366 A1 EP 1259366A1 EP 01907454 A EP01907454 A EP 01907454A EP 01907454 A EP01907454 A EP 01907454A EP 1259366 A1 EP1259366 A1 EP 1259366A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite material
dtex
titer
continuous filaments
nonwoven fabric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01907454A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Groten
Matthias Schuster
Georges Riboulet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Publication of EP1259366A1 publication Critical patent/EP1259366A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14778—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
    • B29C45/14786—Fibrous material or fibre containing material, e.g. fibre mats or fibre reinforced material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/02—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin in the form of fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/0809—Fabrics
    • B29K2105/0818—Fleece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/0854—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns in the form of a non-woven mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite material consisting of a microfilament nonwoven fabric with basis weights of 50 to 200 g / m 2 , which is connected directly to a thermoplastic material by an injection molding process.
  • trim parts for automobile interiors are known, in which a microfiber nonwoven is inserted into a mold and connected to a thermoplastic by an injection molding process.
  • Such injection molding or "Direct Injection Molding" (DIM) processes allow rational production of trim parts in the interior of the automobile.
  • the microfiber nonwoven preferably consists of polyester fibers that act as a bonding layer for a decorative layer to be applied subsequently.
  • DIM Direct Injection Molding
  • the parts should be recyclable, a very high color and light fastness, especially hot light fastness, a low tendency to soiling, a high abrasion resistance, moisture resistance, flame resistance, Cleanability, little or no outgassing and low cost rational, cost-effective manufacturing processes for the manufacture of the trim parts are sought.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a composite material and a method for its production which take account of the stated requirements.
  • the object is achieved by a composite material which consists of a microfilament nonwoven with basis weights of 50 to 200 g / m 2 , the nonwoven consisting of melt-spun, stretched and immediately deposited into a nonwoven multicomponent continuous filament with a titer of 1.5 up to 5 dtex, in which the multi-component continuous filaments are optionally split and solidified at least 80% into micro-continuous filaments with a titer of 0.1 to 1.2 dtex after a pre-consolidation and are bonded by an injection molding process with a thermoplastic.
  • the composite material has a high specific fiber surface with a comparatively low basis weight and a high opacity. The fineness of the filaments allows good printability and embossability and thus decor design of the nonwoven fabric used to produce the composite material according to the invention.
  • the thermoplastic does not penetrate the nonwoven.
  • the composite material is preferably one in which the nonwoven fabric consists of melt-spun, aerodynamically stretched and immediately deposited multi-component continuous filaments with a titer of 1.5 to 3 dtex, and the multi-component continuous filaments are at least 80% micro-continuous filaments with a Titers of 0.1 to 0.3 dtex are split and solidified.
  • the composite material has an isotropic distribution of filaments in the fleece, which means that further processing is relatively independent of the machine direction and therefore very favorable for material utilization.
  • the composite material is preferably one in which the multicomponent continuous filament is a bicomponent continuous filament composed of two incompatible polymers, in particular a polyester and a polyamide.
  • Such a bicomponent filament has good cleavage in micro filaments and brings about a favorable ratio of strength to basis weight.
  • the composite material according to the invention can be easily cleaned and wiped due to the polymers used and their filament structure and has high abrasion resistance, ie it is easy to care for.
  • the composite material is preferably one in which the multicomponent continuous filaments have a cross section with an orange-like or also called “pie” structure, the segments alternately each containing one of the two incompatible polymers.
  • the multicomponent continuous filament is a "side-by-side" (s / s) segment arrangement of the incompatible polymers in the multicomponent continuous filament is also possible, which is preferably used to produce crimped filaments.
  • Such segment arrangements of the incompatible polymers in the multicomponent continuous filament have proven to be very easy to split.
  • the nonwoven fabric used to produce the composite material according to the invention has good deep-drawing properties or deformability, which are expressed in the average strength values with high elongation and comparatively low modulus values.
  • the composite material is preferably also one in which at least one of the incompatible polymers forming the multicomponent continuous filament contains an additive, such as color pigments, permanent antistatic agents, flame retardants and / or additives which influence the hydrophobic properties in amounts of up to 10% by weight.
  • the additives can reduce or avoid static charges and the hot light fastness of the surfaces visible in the automobile interior be improved. With post-dyed products, hot light fastnesses of> 6 determined according to DIN EN 20105-A02 have been achieved.
  • the process according to the invention for the production of a composite material consists in that multicomponent continuous filaments are spun from the melt, stretched and deposited immediately to form a nonwoven fabric, pre-consolidation is carried out and the nonwoven fabric is consolidated by high pressure fluid jets as in micro continuous filaments with a titer of 0 , 1 to 1, 2 dtex split and connected by an injection molding process with a thermoplastic.
  • the composite material obtained in this way can be produced in very short cycle times. The cycle times can be reduced from approx. 50 to 2 to 5 seconds compared to known composite components.
  • the process for producing the composite material is advantageously carried out in such a way that the multicomponent continuous filaments are solidified and split, in which the optionally pre-consolidated nonwoven fabric is subjected to high-pressure water jets at least once on each side and is introduced into an injection mold after a drying process and back injected with a thermoplastic.
  • the composite material has a good surface and a degree of splitting of the multi-component continuous filaments> 80%.
  • the nonwoven fabric used in the composite material according to the invention is advantageously subjected to a point calendering in order to increase its abrasion resistance.
  • the split and solidified nonwoven is passed through heated rollers, of which at least one roller has elevations which lead to a selective fusing of the filaments with one another.
  • the nonwoven fabric used to produce the composite material according to the invention is suitable due to its properties such as good printability, high abrasion resistance and good hot light fastness and the haptic design for the production of door, pillar and / or trunk linings, hat racks, headliners, dashboards and wheel arch linings.
  • a 16 segment (pie) polyester-polyamide 6.6 (PES-PA6.6) bicomponent continuous filament with a titer of 2.4 dtex and a weight ratio of PES / PA6.6 of 55/45 becomes a filament pile with a basis weight of 105 g / m 2 generated and subjected to water jet needling with pressures up to 230 bar on both sides.
  • the bicomponent continuous filaments have a titer of 0.1 dtex after water jet needling, which leads to simultaneous splitting of the starting filaments, and a thickness of 0.48 mm after a final smoothing.
  • the tensile strength in the machine direction was found to be 302 N and in the transverse direction 303 N.
  • polyester-polyamide 6.6 (PES-PA6.6) - bicomponent continuous filament with a titer of 2.0 dtex and one
  • Weight ratio of PES / PA6.6 of 70/30 becomes a filament pile with a Grammage of 131 g / m 2 and subjected to water jet needling with pressures of up to 230 bar on both sides.
  • the bicomponent continuous filaments have a titer of 0.1 dtex after the water jet needling, which leads to a simultaneous splitting of the starting filaments, and a thickness of 0.53 mm after a final smoothing.
  • the tensile strength in the machine direction was determined to be 309 N and 284 N in the transverse direction.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite material, comprising a microfilament non-woven fabric with a mass per unit surface area of 40 to 200 g/m<2>, whereby a non-woven fabric made from a melt-spun and drawn multi-component endless filament with a titre of 1.5 to 5 dtex is directly bonded to form a web and the multi-component endless filaments are optionally spread with and fixed to micro-endless filaments with a titre of 0.1 - 1.2 dtex, up to a degree of 80 %, by means of a prefixing process and then bonded to a thermoplastic synthetic material by means of an injection moulding process.

Description

Kompositmaterial composite
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kompositmaterial, bestehend aus einem Mikrofilament- Vliesstoff mit Flächengewichten von 50 bis 200 g/m2, der mit einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff direkt durch ein Spritzgießverfahren verbunden ist.The invention relates to a composite material consisting of a microfilament nonwoven fabric with basis weights of 50 to 200 g / m 2 , which is connected directly to a thermoplastic material by an injection molding process.
Aus dem Dokument EP 0 968 806 sind Verkleidungsteile für Automobilinnenräume bekannt, bei dem ein Mikrofaservliesstoff in eine Form eingelegt und durch ein Spritzgießverfahren mit einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff verbunden wird. Solche Spritzgieß- oder „Direct Injection Moulding"- (DIM) Verfahren gestatten eine rationelle Fertigung von Verkleidungsteilen im Automobilinnenbereich. Der Mikrofaservliesstoff besteht vorzugsweise aus Polyesterfasern die als Bindeschicht zu einer nachträglich aufzubringenden Dekorschicht fungieren. Im Zuge der steigenden Anforderungen der Automobilindustrie werden neue Forderungen an die Zulieferer herangetragen. So sollen die im Innenbereich des Automobils eingesetzten Auskleidungsteile eine attraktive Optik und Haptik des Dekors aufweisen. Die Teile sollen recyclingfähig sein, eine sehr hohe Färb- und Lichtechtheit insbesondere Heißlichtechtheit, eine geringe Verschmutzungsneigung, eine hohe Abriebbeständigkeit, Feuchtigkeitsbeständigkeit, Flammbeständigkeit, Reinigbarkeit, eine geringe oder keine Ausgasungsneigung und niedrige Kosten besitzen. Außerdem werden rationelle, kostengünstige Fertigungsverfahren für die Herstellung der Verkleidungsteile angestrebt.From the document EP 0 968 806, trim parts for automobile interiors are known, in which a microfiber nonwoven is inserted into a mold and connected to a thermoplastic by an injection molding process. Such injection molding or "Direct Injection Molding" (DIM) processes allow rational production of trim parts in the interior of the automobile. The microfiber nonwoven preferably consists of polyester fibers that act as a bonding layer for a decorative layer to be applied subsequently. In the course of increasing demands of the automotive industry, new demands are being made The lining parts used in the interior of the automobile should have an attractive look and feel of the decor. The parts should be recyclable, a very high color and light fastness, especially hot light fastness, a low tendency to soiling, a high abrasion resistance, moisture resistance, flame resistance, Cleanability, little or no outgassing and low cost rational, cost-effective manufacturing processes for the manufacture of the trim parts are sought.
Die Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Kompositmaterial sowie ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung anzugeben, das den angegebenen Forderungen Rechnung trägt.The object of the invention is to provide a composite material and a method for its production which take account of the stated requirements.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch ein Kompositmaterial gelöst, welches aus einem Mikrofilament-Vliesstoff mit Flächengewichten von 50 bis 200 g/m2 besteht, wobei der Vliesstoff aus schmelzgesponnenen, verstreckten und unmittelbar zu einem Vlies abgelegten Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamenten mit einem Titer von 1 ,5 bis 5 dtex besteht, bei dem die Mehrkomponenten- Endlosfilamente gegebenenfalls nach einer Vorverfestigung zumindest zu 80 % zu Mikro-Endlosfilamenten mit einem Titer von 0,1 bis 1 ,2 dtex gesplittet sowie verfestigt und durch ein Spritzgießverfahren mit einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff verbunden sind. Das Kompositmaterial weist eine hohe spezifische Faseroberfläche bei vergleichsweise niedrigen Flächengewicht sowie eine hohe Opazität auf. Die Feinheit der Filamente gestattet eine gute Bedruckbarkeit sowie Prägbarkeit und damit Dekorgestaltung des zur Herstellung des Kompositmaterials erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Vliesstoffes. Der thermoplastische Kunststoff durchdringt dabei den Vliesstoff nicht.According to the invention, the object is achieved by a composite material which consists of a microfilament nonwoven with basis weights of 50 to 200 g / m 2 , the nonwoven consisting of melt-spun, stretched and immediately deposited into a nonwoven multicomponent continuous filament with a titer of 1.5 up to 5 dtex, in which the multi-component continuous filaments are optionally split and solidified at least 80% into micro-continuous filaments with a titer of 0.1 to 1.2 dtex after a pre-consolidation and are bonded by an injection molding process with a thermoplastic. The composite material has a high specific fiber surface with a comparatively low basis weight and a high opacity. The fineness of the filaments allows good printability and embossability and thus decor design of the nonwoven fabric used to produce the composite material according to the invention. The thermoplastic does not penetrate the nonwoven.
Vorzugsweise ist das Kompositmaterial eines, bei dem der Vliesstoff aus schmelzgesponnenen, aerodynamisch verstreckten und unmittelbar zu einem Vlies abgelegten Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamenten mit einem Titer von 1 ,5 bis 3 dtex besteht und die Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamente zumindest zu 80 % zu Mikro-Endlosfilamenten mit einem Titer von 0,1 bis 0,3 dtex gesplittet und verfestigt sind. Das Kompositmaterial weist eine isotrope Filamentverteilung im Vlies auf, wodurch die Weiterverarbeitung relativ unabhängig von der Maschinenlaufrichtung und damit sehr günstig für die Materialausnutzung ist. Vorzugsweise ist das Kompositmaterial eines, bei dem das Mehrkomponenten- Endlosfilament ein Bikomponenten-Endlosfilament aus zwei inkompatiblen Polymeren, insbesondere einem Polyester und einem Polyamid, besteht. Ein solches Bikomponenten-Endlosfilament weist eine gute Spaltbarkeit in Mikro- Endlosfilamenten auf und bewirkt ein günstiges Verhältnis von Festigkeit zu Flächengewicht. Gleichzeitig ist das erfindungsgemäße Kompositmaterial aufgrund der verwendeten Polymere und deren Filamentstruktur gut reinig- sowie abwischbar und weist eine hohe Abriebbeständigkeit auf, d.h., es ist pflegeleicht.The composite material is preferably one in which the nonwoven fabric consists of melt-spun, aerodynamically stretched and immediately deposited multi-component continuous filaments with a titer of 1.5 to 3 dtex, and the multi-component continuous filaments are at least 80% micro-continuous filaments with a Titers of 0.1 to 0.3 dtex are split and solidified. The composite material has an isotropic distribution of filaments in the fleece, which means that further processing is relatively independent of the machine direction and therefore very favorable for material utilization. The composite material is preferably one in which the multicomponent continuous filament is a bicomponent continuous filament composed of two incompatible polymers, in particular a polyester and a polyamide. Such a bicomponent filament has good cleavage in micro filaments and brings about a favorable ratio of strength to basis weight. At the same time, the composite material according to the invention can be easily cleaned and wiped due to the polymers used and their filament structure and has high abrasion resistance, ie it is easy to care for.
Vorzugsweise ist das Kompositmaterial eines, bei dem die Mehrkomponenten- Endlosfilamente einen Querschnitt mit orangenartiger oder auch „Pie" genannten Multisegment-Struktur aufweisen, wobei die Segmente alternierend jeweils eines der beiden inkompatiblen Polymeren enthalten. Neben dieser orangenartigen Multisegment-Struktur der Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamente ist auch eine „side-by-side" (s/s) Segment-Anordnung der inkompatiblen Polymeren im Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilament möglich, die vorzugsweise zur Erzeugung gekräuselter Filamente genutzt wird. Solche Segment-Anordnungen der inkompatiblen Polymeren im Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilament haben sich als sehr gut spaltbar erwiesen. Der zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kompositmaterials eingesetzte Vliesstoff besitzt eine gute Tiefziehfähigkeit bzw. Verformbarkeit, die sich in den mittleren Festigkeitswerten bei einem hohen Dehnungsvermögen und vergleichsweise niedrigen Modulwerten äußern.The composite material is preferably one in which the multicomponent continuous filaments have a cross section with an orange-like or also called “pie” structure, the segments alternately each containing one of the two incompatible polymers. In addition to this orange-like multisegment structure, the multicomponent continuous filament is a "side-by-side" (s / s) segment arrangement of the incompatible polymers in the multicomponent continuous filament is also possible, which is preferably used to produce crimped filaments. Such segment arrangements of the incompatible polymers in the multicomponent continuous filament have proven to be very easy to split. The nonwoven fabric used to produce the composite material according to the invention has good deep-drawing properties or deformability, which are expressed in the average strength values with high elongation and comparatively low modulus values.
Vorzugsweise ist das Kompositmaterial weiterhin eines, bei dem mindestens eines der das Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilament bildenden inkompatiblen Polymeren ein Additiv, wie Farbpigmente, permanent wirkende Antistatika, Flammschutzmittel und/oder die hydrophoben Eigenschaften beeinflussende Zusätze in Mengen bis zu 10 Gewichtsprozent, enthält. Durch die Zusätze können statische Aufladungen vermindert bzw. vermieden und die Heißlichtechtheiten der im Automobilinnenraum sichtbaren Oberflächen verbessert werden. Mit nachgefärbten Produkten sind Heißlichechtheiten von > 6 bestimmt nach der DIN EN 20105-A02 erzielt worden.The composite material is preferably also one in which at least one of the incompatible polymers forming the multicomponent continuous filament contains an additive, such as color pigments, permanent antistatic agents, flame retardants and / or additives which influence the hydrophobic properties in amounts of up to 10% by weight. The additives can reduce or avoid static charges and the hot light fastness of the surfaces visible in the automobile interior be improved. With post-dyed products, hot light fastnesses of> 6 determined according to DIN EN 20105-A02 have been achieved.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kompositmaterials besteht darin, daß Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamente aus der Schmelze ersponnen, verstreckt und unmittelbar zu einem Vlies abgelegt werden, eine Vorverfestigung erfolgt und der Vliesstoff durch Hochdruck-Fluidstrahlen verfestigt wie gleichzeitig in Mikro-Endlosfilamente mit einem Titer von 0,1 bis 1 ,2 dtex gesplittet und durch ein Spritzgießverfahren mit einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff verbunden wird. Das so erhaltene Kompositmaterial läßt sich in sehr kurzen Taktzeiten herstellen. Die Taktzeiten können gegenüber bekannten Kompositbauteilen von ca. 50 auf 2 bis 5 Sekunden verkürzt werden.The process according to the invention for the production of a composite material consists in that multicomponent continuous filaments are spun from the melt, stretched and deposited immediately to form a nonwoven fabric, pre-consolidation is carried out and the nonwoven fabric is consolidated by high pressure fluid jets as in micro continuous filaments with a titer of 0 , 1 to 1, 2 dtex split and connected by an injection molding process with a thermoplastic. The composite material obtained in this way can be produced in very short cycle times. The cycle times can be reduced from approx. 50 to 2 to 5 seconds compared to known composite components.
Vorteilhafterweise wird das Verfahren zur Herstellung des Kompositmaterials in der Weise durchgeführt, daß eine Verfestigung und Splittung der Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamente vorgenommen wird, bei der der gegebenenfalls vorverfestigte Vliesstoff mindestens einmal auf jeder Seiten mit Hochdruck-Wasserstrahlen beaufschlagt wird und nach einem Trockenprozeß in eine Spritzgießform eingebracht und mit einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff hinterspritzt wird. Das Kompositmaterial weist dadurch eine gute Oberfläche und einen Splittungsgrad der Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamente > 80 % auf.The process for producing the composite material is advantageously carried out in such a way that the multicomponent continuous filaments are solidified and split, in which the optionally pre-consolidated nonwoven fabric is subjected to high-pressure water jets at least once on each side and is introduced into an injection mold after a drying process and back injected with a thermoplastic. As a result, the composite material has a good surface and a degree of splitting of the multi-component continuous filaments> 80%.
Vorteilhafterweise wird der im erfindungsgemäßen Kompositmaterial eingesetzte Vliesstoff zur Erhöhung seiner Abriebbeständigkeit noch einer Punktkalandrierung unterzogen. Dazu wird der gesplittete und verfestigte Vliesstoff durch beheizte Walzen geführt, von denen mindestens eine Walze Erhebungen aufweist, die zu einem punktuellen Verschmelzen der Filamente untereinander führen. Der zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kompositmaterials eingesetzte Vliesstoff ist aufgrund seiner Eigenschaften wie guter Bedruckbarkeit, hoher Abriebbeständigkeit sowie seiner guten Heißlichtechtheit und der haptischen Gestaltung zur Herstellung von Tür-, Säulen- und/oder Kofferraumverkleidungen, Hutablagen, Autohimmel, Armaturentafeln sowie Radkastenauskleidungen geeignet.The nonwoven fabric used in the composite material according to the invention is advantageously subjected to a point calendering in order to increase its abrasion resistance. For this purpose, the split and solidified nonwoven is passed through heated rollers, of which at least one roller has elevations which lead to a selective fusing of the filaments with one another. The nonwoven fabric used to produce the composite material according to the invention is suitable due to its properties such as good printability, high abrasion resistance and good hot light fastness and the haptic design for the production of door, pillar and / or trunk linings, hat racks, headliners, dashboards and wheel arch linings.
Beispiel 1example 1
Aus einem side-by-side (s/s) Polyester-Polyamid 6.6 (PES-PA6.6)- Bikomponenten-Endiosfilament mit einem Titer von 2,3 dtex und einem Gewichtsverhältnis von PES/PA6.6 von 60/40 wird ein Filamentflor mit einem Flächengewicht von 134 g/m2 erzeugt und einer Wasserstrahlvernadelung mit Drücken bis 230 bar beidseitig unterzogen. Die Bikomponenten- Endlosfilamente weisen nach der Wasserstrahlvernadelung, die zu einer gleichzeitigen Splittung der Ausgangsfilamente führt, einen Titer von 1 ,0 dtex und eine Dicke von 0,51 mm auf. Für die Reißfestigkeit in Maschinenlaufrichtung wurden 372 N und in Querrichtung 331 N ermittelt.A side-by-side (s / s) polyester-polyamide 6.6 (PES-PA6.6) - bicomponent endios filament with a titer of 2.3 dtex and a weight ratio of PES / PA6.6 of 60/40 becomes one Filament pile with a basis weight of 134 g / m 2 was produced and subjected to water jet needling with pressures of up to 230 bar on both sides. After the water jet needling, which leads to simultaneous splitting of the starting filaments, the bicomponent continuous filaments have a titer of 1.0 dtex and a thickness of 0.51 mm. The tensile strength in the machine direction was found to be 372 N and 331 N in the transverse direction.
Beispiel 2Example 2
Aus einem side-by-side (s/s) Polyester-Polyamid 6.6 (PES-PA6.6)- Bikomponenten-Endlosfilament mit einem Titer von 1 ,8 dtex und einem Gewichtsverhältnis von PES/PA6.6 von 50/50 wird ein Filamentflor mit einem Flächengewicht von 137 g/m2 erzeugt und einer Wasserstrahlvernadelung mit Drücken bis 230 bar beidseitig unterzogen. Die Bikomponenten- Endlosfilamente weisen nach der Wasserstrahlvernadelung, die zu einer gleichzeitigen Splittung der Ausgangsfilamente führt, einen Titer von 1 ,0 dtex und eine Dicke von 0,52 mm auf. Für die Reißfestigkeit in Maschinenlaufrichtung wurden 457 N und in Querrichtung 373 N ermittelt. Beispiel 3From a side-by-side (s / s) polyester-polyamide 6.6 (PES-PA6.6) - bicomponent continuous filament with a titer of 1.8 dtex and a weight ratio of PES / PA6.6 of 50/50 Filament pile with a basis weight of 137 g / m 2 was produced and subjected to water jet needling with pressures of up to 230 bar on both sides. After the water jet needling, which leads to simultaneous splitting of the starting filaments, the bicomponent filaments have a titer of 1.0 dtex and a thickness of 0.52 mm. The tensile strength in the machine direction was 457 N and in the transverse direction 373 N. Example 3
Aus einem 16 Segment (Pie) Polyester-Polyamid 6.6 (PES-PA6.6)- Bikomponenten-Endlosfilament mit einem Titer von 2,4 dtex und einem Gewichtsverhältnis von PES/PA6.6 von 55/45 wird ein Filamentflor mit einem Flächengewicht von 105 g/m2 erzeugt und einer Wasserstrahlvernadelung mit Drücken bis 230 bar beidseitig unterzogen. Die Bikomponenten- Endlosfilamente weisen nach der Wasserstrahlvernadelung, die zu einer gleichzeitigen Splittung der Ausgangsfilamente führt, einen Titer 0,1 dtex und nach einem abschließenden Glätten eine Dicke von 0,48 mm auf. Für die Reißfestigkeit in Maschinenlaufrichtung wurden 302 N und in Querrichtung 303 N ermittelt.A 16 segment (pie) polyester-polyamide 6.6 (PES-PA6.6) bicomponent continuous filament with a titer of 2.4 dtex and a weight ratio of PES / PA6.6 of 55/45 becomes a filament pile with a basis weight of 105 g / m 2 generated and subjected to water jet needling with pressures up to 230 bar on both sides. The bicomponent continuous filaments have a titer of 0.1 dtex after water jet needling, which leads to simultaneous splitting of the starting filaments, and a thickness of 0.48 mm after a final smoothing. The tensile strength in the machine direction was found to be 302 N and in the transverse direction 303 N.
Beispiel 4Example 4
Aus einem 16 Segment (Pie) Polyester-Polyamid 6.6 (PES-PA6.6)- Bikomponenten-Endlosfilament mit einem Titer von 2,1 dtex und einem Gewichtsverhäitnis von PES/PA6.6 von 70/30 wird ein Filamentflor mit einem Flächengewicht von 244 g/m2 erzeugt und einer Wasserstrahlvernadelung mit Drücken bis 230 bar beidseitig unterzogen. Die Bikomponenten- Endlosfilamente weisen nach der Wasserstrahlvernadelung, die zu einer gleichzeitigen Splittung der Ausgangsfilamente führt, einen Titer 0,1 dtex und nach einem abschließenden Glätten eine Dicke von 0,90 mm auf. Für die Reißfestigkeit in Maschinenlaufrichtung wurden 763 N und in Querrichtung 739 N ermittelt.From a 16 segment (Pie) polyester-polyamide 6.6 (PES-PA6.6) - bicomponent continuous filament with a titer of 2.1 dtex and a weight ratio of PES / PA6.6 of 70/30 a filament pile with a basis weight of 244 g / m 2 generated and subjected to water jet needling with pressures up to 230 bar on both sides. The bicomponent continuous filaments have a titer of 0.1 dtex after the water jet needling, which leads to simultaneous splitting of the starting filaments, and a thickness of 0.90 mm after a final smoothing. The tensile strength in the machine direction was 763 N and in the transverse direction 739 N.
Beispiel 5Example 5
Aus einem 16 Segment (Pie) Polyester-Polyamid 6.6 (PES-PA6.6)- Bikomponenten-Endlosfilament mit einem Titer von 2,0 dtex und einemMade from a 16 segment (pie) polyester-polyamide 6.6 (PES-PA6.6) - bicomponent continuous filament with a titer of 2.0 dtex and one
Gewichtsverhältnis von PES/PA6.6 von 70/30 wird ein Filamentflor mit einem Flächengewicht von 131 g/m2 erzeugt und einer Wasserstrahlvernadelung mit Drücken bis 230 bar beidseitig unterzogen. Die Bikomponenten- Endlosfilamente weisen nach der Wasserstrahlvernadelung, die zu einer gleichzeitigen Splittung der Ausgangsfilamente führt, einen Titer 0,1 dtex und nach einem abschließenden Glätten eine Dicke von 0,53 mm auf. Für die Reißfestigkeit in Maschinenlaufrichtung wurden 309 N und in Querrichtung 284 N ermittelt. Weight ratio of PES / PA6.6 of 70/30 becomes a filament pile with a Grammage of 131 g / m 2 and subjected to water jet needling with pressures of up to 230 bar on both sides. The bicomponent continuous filaments have a titer of 0.1 dtex after the water jet needling, which leads to a simultaneous splitting of the starting filaments, and a thickness of 0.53 mm after a final smoothing. The tensile strength in the machine direction was determined to be 309 N and 284 N in the transverse direction.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Kompositmaterial bestehend aus einem Mikrofilament-Vliesstoff mit Flächengewichten von 50 bis 200 g/m2, wobei der Vliesstoff aus1 . Composite material consisting of a microfilament nonwoven fabric with basis weights of 50 to 200 g / m 2 , the nonwoven fabric being made of
5 schmelzgesponnenen, verstreckten und unmittelbar zu einem Vlies abgelegten Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamenten mit einem Titer von 1 ,5 bis 5 dtex besteht, und bei dem die Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamente gegebenenfalls nach einer Vorverfestigung zumindest zu 80 % zu Mikro- Endlosfilamenten mit einem Titer von 0, 1 bis 1 ,2 dtex gesplittet sowie H) verfestigt sind, und durch ein Spritzgießverfahren mit einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff verbunden ist.5 melt-spun, stretched and immediately deposited into a nonwoven multicomponent continuous filament with a titer of 1.5 to 5 dtex, and in which the multicomponent continuous filament optionally after pre-consolidation is at least 80% micro-continuous filament with a titer of 0. 1 to 1, 2 dtex split and H) solidified, and is connected by an injection molding process with a thermoplastic.
2. Kompositmaterial nach Anspruch 1 . dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vliesstoff aus schmelzgesponnenen, aerodynamisch verstreckten und2. Composite material according to claim 1. characterized in that the nonwoven fabric is melt-spun, aerodynamically stretched and
15 unmittelbar zu einem Vlies abgelegten Mehrkomponenten-15 multi-component
Endlosfilamenten mit einem Titer von 1 ,5 bis 3 dtex besteht und die Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamente gegebenenfalls nach einer Vorverfestigung zumindest zu 80 % zu Mikro-Endlosfilamenten mit einem Titer von 0,1 bis 0,3 dtex gesplittet und verfestigt sind. 0There are continuous filaments with a titer of 1.5 to 3 dtex and the multicomponent continuous filaments are optionally split and consolidated at least 80% into micro-continuous filaments with a titer of 0.1 to 0.3 dtex after pre-consolidation. 0
3. Kompositmaterial nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilament ein Bikomponenten- Endlosfilament aus zwei inkompatiblen Polymeren, insbesondere einem Polyester und einem Polyamid, besteht. 53. Composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the multi-component continuous filament is a bicomponent continuous filament made of two incompatible polymers, in particular a polyester and a polyamide. 5
4. Kompositmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamente einen Querschnitt mit orangenartige Multisegment-Struktur aufweisen, wobei die Segmente alternierend jeweils eines der beiden inkompatiblen 0 Polymeren enthalten und/oder eine „side-by-side"-Struktur besitzen. 4. Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the honor component continuous filaments have a cross section with an orange-like multi-segment structure, the segments alternately each containing one of the two incompatible polymers and / or a "side-by-side "Structure.
5. Kompositmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eines der das Mehrkomponenten- Endlosfilament bildenden inkompatiblen Polymere ein Additiv, wie Farbpigmente, permanent wirkende Antistatika, Flammschutzmittel und/oder die hydrophoben Eigenschaften beeinflussenden Zusätzen in5. Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the multicomponent continuous filament-forming incompatible polymers is an additive, such as color pigments, permanently acting antistatic agents, flame retardants and / or additives influencing the hydrophobic properties in
Mengen bis zu 10 Gewichtsprozent, enthält.Amounts up to 10 percent by weight.
6. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kompositmaterials nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mehrkomponenten- Endlosfilamente aus der Schmelze ersponnen. verstreckt und unmittelbar zu einem Vlies abgelegt werden, gegebenenfalls eine Vorverfestigung erfolgt und der Vliesstoff durch Hochdruck-Fluidstrahlen verfestigt sowie gleichzeitig in Mikro-Endlosfilamente mit einem Titer von 0,1 bis 1 ,2 dtex gesplittet sowie verfestigt und durch ein Spritzgießverfahren mit einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff verbunden wird.6. A method for producing a composite material according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that multicomponent continuous filaments are spun from the melt. are stretched and immediately deposited to form a nonwoven, if necessary a pre-consolidation is carried out and the nonwoven is consolidated by high pressure fluid jets and at the same time split into micro-continuous filaments with a titer of 0.1 to 1.2 dtex and consolidated and by an injection molding process with a thermoplastic is connected.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verfestigung und Splittung der Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamente dadurch erfolgt, daß der gegebenenfalls vorverfestigte Vliesstoff mindestens einmal von jeder Seite mit Hochdruck-Fluidstrahlen beaufschlagt wird.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the solidification and splitting of the multi-component continuous filaments takes place in that the optionally pre-consolidated nonwoven fabric is acted upon at least once from each side with high pressure fluid jets.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Färbung der Mehrkomponenten-Endlosfilamente durch Spinnfärben und/oder Nachfärben vorgenommen wird.8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the dyeing of the multi-component continuous filaments is carried out by spin dyeing and / or post-dyeing.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vliesstoff zur Herstellung des Kompositmaterials punktkaland ert wird. 9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the nonwoven fabric is produced for the manufacture of the composite material.
0. Kompositmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zur Herstellung von Tür-, Säulen- und/oder Kofferraumverkleidungen, Hutablagen, Autohimmel, Armaturentafeln sowie Radkastenauskleidungen verwendet wird. 0. Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is used for the production of door, pillar and / or trunk linings, parcel shelves, headliner, dashboards and wheel arch linings.
EP01907454A 2000-02-28 2001-01-17 Composite material Withdrawn EP1259366A1 (en)

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