EP1256693A1 - Méthode pour déterminer par simulation numérique les conditions de restauration par les fluides d'un gisement, d'un puits complexe endommagé par les opérations de forage - Google Patents
Méthode pour déterminer par simulation numérique les conditions de restauration par les fluides d'un gisement, d'un puits complexe endommagé par les opérations de forage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1256693A1 EP1256693A1 EP02290995A EP02290995A EP1256693A1 EP 1256693 A1 EP1256693 A1 EP 1256693A1 EP 02290995 A EP02290995 A EP 02290995A EP 02290995 A EP02290995 A EP 02290995A EP 1256693 A1 EP1256693 A1 EP 1256693A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- permeability
- well
- cakes
- damaged
- cake
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining by simulation numerical optimal conditions to impose in a horizontal (or complex) well drilled through an underground deposit, to gradually eliminate (restore) by natural sweeping using production fluids from the deposit, deposits or cakes that have formed in at least one area around the periphery of the well, following drilling and completion operations.
- the tests which one can make to characterize the damage of formations in the vicinity of a well are of primary importance. They allow choose the most appropriate drilling fluid to minimize or reduce the deterioration of permeability in the vicinity of wells and also to optimize well cleaning techniques.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to simulate the conditions as well as possible optimal to impose in a well drilled through an underground deposit at a any trajectory, for gradual elimination by fluids from the deposit, deposits or cakes that have formed in at least one zone at the periphery of the well, following drilling operations.
- the simulation carried out according to the method allows tank engineers to better predict the best exploitation plan for the deposit, avoiding disadvantages such as the coming of sand. It also allows drillers, account given known or estimated permeability data, to choose fluids more particularly suitable for drilling wells and installing equipment.
- Leakage pressure tests are performed with a filtration cell dynamic which can receive carrots with a diameter of 5 cm and a length up to 40 cm.
- the cell is equipped for example with five sockets pressure located 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm from the entrance face of the carrot.
- the plugs pressure monitors monitor pressure drops across six sections of the carrot while circulating the mud and circulating the oil back in order to simulate the production of the well.
- laboratory tests are carried out under representative well conditions (temperature, overpressure and rate of shear applied to mud, carrots saturated with oil and connate water, etc.). Of the oil is then injected in the opposite direction (return current) at a constant flow rate in order to simulate the production of the well.
- the evolution of return permeabilities is calculated, for each section, depending on the cumulative volume of oil injected.
- the final value stabilized return permeability is then compared to the initial permeability not deteriorated in order to assess the residual deterioration as a function of the distance by compared to the entrance face of the carrot.
- a total amount of 10 to 20 PV (maximum one hundred PV) of oil injected was sufficient to obtain a stabilized return permeability value after damage with oil-based mud.
- the internal filtration cake reduces the permeability of the tank near the well.
- the reductions in permeability to the end of the drilling period and at the end of a complete cleaning can be obtained from laboratory measurements.
- the use of the dimensionless form has the advantage of making it possible to group data by geological zones.
- c 1 (r) corresponds to the permeability curve after damage and c 2 (r) corresponds to the stabilized return permeability curve.
- the permeability variation curve can be measured from laboratory data and can be considered as independent of the location in a core. Thus, a curve is used for each geological area. This curve is monotonous. Its maximum is generally reached for several m 3 (or several tens of m 3 ) of fluid crossed per unit of porous surface.
- k ( r , Q ) ( k f ( r ) - k d ( r )) K r ( r, Q ) - K d ( r ) K f ( r ) - K d ( r ) + k d ( r )
- vs ( r , Q ) ( vs 2 ( r ) - vs 1 ( r )) vs 0 ( Q ) + vs 1 ( r )
- Variation in permeability in the area occupied by the filter cake internal is modeled with equation (3). Unlike the internal filtration cake, the impact of the external filtration cake described below is modeled in the form of a wall coefficient in the discretized numerical model.
- a cylindrical mesh r ⁇ x is used for the modeling of the flow of the fluid in the vicinity of a horizontal well ( Figure 3): r is the radial direction, perpendicular to the axis of the well, ⁇ is the angular direction and x is the direction along the well.
- the limits of the well are discretized and meshes very small can be used to discretize the area occupied by the cake internal filtration.
- the radius of the well is of the order of a few centimeters, and the thickness of the internal filter cake varies between a few centimeters and a few decimeters.
- the meshes used in the vicinity of the wells vary between a few millimeters and a few centimeters.
- well meshes designating the meshes which discretize the limits of the well, the boundary conditions of the well are treated in the well meshes.
- the discretization coefficient is designated by the digital productivity index IP and not by the transmissivity T, and the flow F is replaced by the flow rate of the well q i .
- This notation is consistent with the commonly used digital well model, and the wall coefficient can be integrated into the term of the digital productivity index IP.
- the permeability k r, i varies during the return of fluid in the zone occupied by the internal filtration cake according to the formula presented in the previous section.
- the transmissivity and the digital productivity index IP also vary in the simulation during the fluid return period.
- the presence of the external filter cake can be taken into account in the discretization formula via the digital IP index.
- the pressure of the well p w corresponds to the pressure on the radius r w - d e and not on the radius r w .
- the pressure drop is high through the external filter cake which is located in the area between r w - d e and r w .
- the permeability k e of the external filtration cake could generally be much lower than the permeability within the reservoir or in the area occupied by the internal filtration cake.
- the numerical coefficient IP is very small.
- ATHOS is a model of numerical modeling developed by IFP.
- the discretization scheme used is a classic 5-point diagram to model the diffusivity equation in mesh cylindrical.
- a digital IP is used to connect the pressure in these meshes, the pressure at the bottom of the well and the flow flow to the well.
- the transmissivities around the well and the PI also change according to the variation of the permeabilities.
- the curves which define the multiplying coefficients of permeabilities as a function of the distance to the well, c 1 (r) and c 2 (r), are entered into the simulator in the form of tables of values.
- the corresponding values in each mesh are calculated from these curves using a linear interpolation as explained above.
- the cumulative pore volume of fluid passing through an interface between two meshes in the radial direction r is used to calculate the multiplying coefficient of transmissivity between these two meshes at each instant considered.
- Example 1 Disgorging in the presence of the internal cake alone
- a cylindrical mesh is used for the simulations.
- the tank is very large in the radial direction with an outside radius of 1750 m where the boundary condition is zero flow. On the borders at both ends of the well, the condition is also of zero flux.
- the well is discretized in 80 meshes along its length. Each zone of constant permeability is thus discretized in 20 meshes of 0.25 m.
- the initial pressure in the tank at the level of the well is approximately 320 bar.
- the reservoir is homogeneous with a permeability of 1000 mD in the porous medium.
- the external cake does not have a homogeneous presence along the well. In some places, there is no external cake, and in places where the external cake is present, it has a kext permeability of 1 mD and a thickness r ext of 4 mm as in the previous example.
- the distribution of the presence of the external cake is given in Fig. 13.
- the pressure difference necessary for the removal of the external cake is always fixed at 0.5 bar.
- Figures 14 and 15 show the distribution of the external cake and the distribution of the flow along the well for these two cases at different production times.
- the flows are uniform along the well, because the external cakes are completely torn from the start.
- the flow distribution varies as a function of time, since the external cakes are torn non-uniformly at different times.
- Fig. 16 shows the production of the well for these two cases.
- the production of the well is higher, because all the external cakes are torn from the start.
- the maximum local flow along the well is always less than 3m 3 / m.day .
Abstract
Description
- Alfenore, J. et al, « What Really Matters in our Quest of Minimizing Formation Damage in Open Hole Horizontal Wells », 1999, SPE 54731 ;
- Longeron, D. et al, « Experimental Approach to Characterize Drilling Mud Invasion, Formation Damage and Cleanup Efficiency in Horizontal Wells with Openhole Completions » 2000, SPE 58737 ; ou
- Longeron, D. et al, « an Integrated Experimental Approach for Evaluating Formation Damages due to Drilling and Completion Fluids », 1995, SPE 30089.
- la Fig.1 montre les courbes de variation en fonction de la distance r à la paroi du puits endommagé, d'un premier coefficient multiplicateur c1(r) de la perméabilité d'endommagement et d'un deuxième coefficient multiplicateur c2(r) de la perméabilité restaurée ;
- la Fig.2 montre une loi empirique de variation d'un coefficient de variation de la perméabilité à la distance r de la paroi du puits endommagé, en fonction du débit de fluides Qs au travers des cakes ;
- la Fig.3 montre un exemple de maillage radial pour la résolution des équations de diffusivité ;
- la Fig.4 illustre le calcul du flux F avec un maillage radial ;
- les Fig.5a et 5b illustrent le calcul de l'IP numérique respectivement sans cake externe et avec cake externe Cext, autravers d'une maille Wcell ;
- la Fig.6 montre schématiquement une portion de puits de longueur L et de rayon rw comportant 4 zones de profondeur r centrées autour du puits, avec des perméabilités k différentes 100mD ou 1000mD et un cake interne d'épaissseur rint ;
- les Fig.7, 8 montrent les variations en fonction de la distance d au puits, des coefficients multiplicateurs respectivement de perméabilité endommagée C1(r) et de perméabilité restaurée ou de retour c2(r), qui ont été mesurées au laboratoire dans différentes zones et utilisées dans les exemples ;
- la Fig.9 montre la courbe de variation de la perméabilité c(r) dans le cake interne en fonction du volume cumulé q de fluide par unité de surface offerte à l'écoulement, mesuré au laboratoire et utilisée dans les exemples ;
- les Fig. 10a à 10c montrent respectivement les variations en fonction du temps t(d) exprimé en jours, des débits d'huile FR (en m3/j) dans différentes zones perforées le long du puits, correspondant à 3 simulations différentes SM1 à SM3, dans l'exemple 1 (cas a);
- les Fig. 11a et 11b montrent les variations en fonction du temps t(d) exprimé en jours, du coefficient de perméabilité c(r) du cake interne dans deux zones différentes le long du puits (exemple 1) ;
- la Fig. 12 montre la variation en fonction du temps du débit total FR(m3/d) dans le cas c de l'exemple 1, pour trois simulations différentes SM1 à SM3 ;
- la Fig. 13 montre la distribution du cake externe le long de la portion de puits, dans l'exemple 2 ;
- les Fig. 14a à 14c montrent respectivement, dans l'exemple 2, la distribution sur la longueur L(m) du puits, du cake externe (Fig.14a) et du débit FR le long du puits au temps t=0.5 j (Fig.14b) et au temps t=5j (Fig.14c);
- les Fig.15a à 15f montrent respectivement, dans l'exemple 2, la distribution sur la longueur L(m) du puits, du cake externe (Fig.15a) et du débit FR le long du puits, respectivement au temps t = 0.1j (Fig.15b), t = 0.3j (Fig.15c), t = 0 .5j (Fig.15d), t = 1j (Fig.15e), et t = 5j (Fig.15f);
- la Fig. 16 montre le débit total du puits FR en fonction du temps exprimé en jours, dans l'exemple 2, pour les deux cas c1 et c2 ; ;
- la Fig.17 est un tableau montrant un exemple de maillage avec NX mailles réparties le long du puits, progressivement plus épaisses en s'éloignant radialement de la paroi du puits (direction r(m)) ; et
- la Fig.18 est un tableau montrant la durée d'application t(d) exprimée en jours, d'une pression de fond de puits P(bar) imposée.
- Alfenore, J. et al, « What Really Matters in our Quest of Minimizing Formation Damage in Open Hole Horizontal Wells », 1999, SPE 54731 ;
- Longeron, D. et al, « Experimental Approach to Characterize Drilling Mud Invasion, Formation Damage and Cleanup Efficiency in Horizontal Wells with Openhole Completions » 2000, SPE 58737 ; ou
- Longeron, D. et al, « an Integrated Experimental Approach for Evaluating Formation Damages due to Drilling and Completion Fluids », 1995, SPE 30089.
Claims (2)
- Méthode pour simuler les conditions optimales à imposer dans un puits foré au travers d'un gisement souterrain à une trajectoire quelconque, pour l'élimination progressive par des fluides issus du gisement, des dépôts ou cakes qui se sont formés dans au moins une zone à la périphérie du puits, suite aux opérations de forage et de complétion, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comportel'acquisition de données initiales obtenues par des mesures de laboratoire de l'épaisseur et des cakes ainsi que des valeurs de perméabilité endommagée (kd) et de perméabilité restaurée (kf) de la zone entourant le puits, en fonction de la distance (r) à la paroi du puits, suivant la valeur de la perméabilité initiale (ki) de la formation autour du puits ;la discrétisation de la zone endommagée par un maillage cylindrique en 3D formant des blocs d'épaisseurs radiales petites relativement au diamètre du puits ; etla résolution dans ce maillage de l'équation de diffusivité modélisant les écoulements des fluides au travers des cakes en tenant compte des données initiales mesurées et en modélisant l'évolution de la perméabilité en fonction des débits (Q) de fluides s'écoulant au travers des cakes, pour en déduire les conditions optimales à appliquer pour la mise en production du puits.
- Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'on modélise la restauration de la perméabilité en tout point à distance (r) de la paroi en considérant que la perméabilité varie proportionnellement à l'écart entre la perméabilité endommagée (kd) et la perméabilité restaurée (kf), le coefficient de proportionnalité dépendant d'une loi empirique de variation de la perméabilité en fonction de la quantité (Q) de fluides au travers des cakes.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0106216 | 2001-05-09 | ||
FR0106216A FR2824651B1 (fr) | 2001-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | Methode pour determiner par simulation numerique les conditions de restauration par les fluides d'un gisement, d'un puits complexe endommage par les operations de forage |
FR0107764 | 2001-06-12 | ||
FR0107764A FR2824652B1 (fr) | 2001-05-09 | 2001-06-12 | Methode pour determiner par simulation numerique les conditions de restauration par les fluides d'un gisement, d'un puits complexe endommage par les operations de forage |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1256693A1 true EP1256693A1 (fr) | 2002-11-13 |
Family
ID=26213007
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02290995A Withdrawn EP1256693A1 (fr) | 2001-05-09 | 2002-04-19 | Méthode pour déterminer par simulation numérique les conditions de restauration par les fluides d'un gisement, d'un puits complexe endommagé par les opérations de forage |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7099811B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1256693A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2383289A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2824652B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO322361B1 (fr) |
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US7284623B2 (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2007-10-23 | Smith International, Inc. | Method of drilling a bore hole |
NO20050200L (no) * | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-14 | Weatherford Lamb | System for a evaluere over-og underbalanserte boreoperasjoner |
GB2439488A (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2007-12-27 | Weatherford Lamb | Estimating the viability of a reservoir for drilling |
WO2007018858A2 (fr) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-15 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Modelisation de puits associee a l'extraction d'hydrocarbures a partir de formations souterraines |
MX2007016586A (es) * | 2005-07-27 | 2008-03-04 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | Modelaje de pozo asociado con extraccion de hidrocarburos a partir de yacimientos subterraneos. |
EP1922663A4 (fr) * | 2005-07-27 | 2015-11-04 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | Modelisation de puits associee a l'extraction d'hydrocarbures dans des formations souterraines |
US20080065362A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-13 | Lee Jim H | Well completion modeling and management of well completion |
US8768672B2 (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2014-07-01 | ExxonMobil. Upstream Research Company | Method for predicting time-lapse seismic timeshifts by computer simulation |
WO2009029133A1 (fr) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-03-05 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Procédé d'analyse de modèle géomécanique à plusieurs échelles par simulation informatique |
US8548782B2 (en) | 2007-08-24 | 2013-10-01 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for modeling deformation in subsurface strata |
US8265915B2 (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2012-09-11 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for predicting well reliability by computer simulation |
WO2009085395A1 (fr) * | 2007-12-31 | 2009-07-09 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Procédés et systèmes pour déterminer des caractéristiques proches de puits de forage et des propriétés de réservoir |
CN102282562B (zh) | 2009-01-13 | 2015-09-23 | 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 | 优化井作业计划 |
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WO2014058777A1 (fr) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-04-17 | Shell Oil Company | Procédé de chauffage d'un gisement souterrain traversé par un puits de forage |
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CN113705123B (zh) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-08-12 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 外来颗粒损害油气层建模方法、损害程度时空演化4d定量与智能诊断方法及其系统 |
CN113266333B (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-04-18 | 西北大学 | 一种通过挤入饱和co2盐水改善油砂储层渗透率的方法 |
US11867048B2 (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2024-01-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Method and system based on quantified flowback for formation damage removal |
-
2001
- 2001-06-12 FR FR0107764A patent/FR2824652B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-04-19 EP EP02290995A patent/EP1256693A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-05-07 CA CA002383289A patent/CA2383289A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2002-05-07 US US10/139,242 patent/US7099811B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-08 NO NO20022204A patent/NO322361B1/no unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DING ET AL.: "Modelling of near-wellbore damage removal by natural cleanup in horizontal open hole completed wells, paper SPE-68951", SPE EUROPEAN FORMATION DAMAGE CONFERENCE, 21 May 2001 (2001-05-21) - 22 May 2110 (2110-05-22), The Hague, The Netherlands, pages 1 - 14, XP002187166 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2383289A1 (fr) | 2002-11-09 |
US7099811B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
US20020188431A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
NO322361B1 (no) | 2006-09-25 |
NO20022204L (no) | 2002-11-11 |
FR2824652A1 (fr) | 2002-11-15 |
FR2824652B1 (fr) | 2003-10-31 |
NO20022204D0 (no) | 2002-05-08 |
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