EP1252124A1 - Mischung zur beschleunigung der kompostierung - Google Patents

Mischung zur beschleunigung der kompostierung

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Publication number
EP1252124A1
EP1252124A1 EP20000976090 EP00976090A EP1252124A1 EP 1252124 A1 EP1252124 A1 EP 1252124A1 EP 20000976090 EP20000976090 EP 20000976090 EP 00976090 A EP00976090 A EP 00976090A EP 1252124 A1 EP1252124 A1 EP 1252124A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compost
accelerator mixture
ion
ions
manganese
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20000976090
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1252124B1 (de
Inventor
Pekka Pohjola
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Biokasvu Oy
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Pohjola Pekka
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pohjola Pekka filed Critical Pohjola Pekka
Publication of EP1252124A1 publication Critical patent/EP1252124A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the object of this invention is a mixture of substances used as compost accelerator.
  • composting is meant a biological process in which a community of organisms formed by microbes of many various species degrades organic material in aerobic conditions which are sufficiently heat-insulated such that carbon dioxide, water, humus material and inorganic salts are formed as end products.
  • the composting process of biowaste often stops at fast microbial degradation of simple fermentable carbohydrates as a consequence of which acidic metabolites are produced and the pH value drops to even less than 4.
  • the low pH value and the reaction products produced as a consequence of sugar degradation (plenty of water, among other things) which the insufficient microbial population can not use or which cannot be released create in the compost such physical and chemical conditions under which the continuance of composting to protein degradation and ammonia production is hindered.
  • it is particularly the developing ammonia that neutralizes the compost and raises the pH value even to basic levels. Failure of composting process manifests itself in temperatures remaining below 50°C, in smell, wetness and, most evidently, as uncompleted waste degradation.
  • humus material The formation mechanisms of humus material are very complicated, one bacic assumption being, however, that synthesis of polyfenolic compounds and their subsequent polymerization is one of the most important mechanisms.
  • acceleration of the formation of humus acids via oxidizing polymerization has been successfully accomplished by enzymes and some inorganic components.
  • ferrous/ferric oxides, manganese oxides, aluminum oxides and silicon oxides normally encountered in nature have been used.
  • ferrous/ferric oxides and manganese oxides were found to accelerate the synthesis of humus when using as starting materials cathecol, pyrogallol, gallus acid and like polyfenols which have been found to be components of humus (Shindo, H., in Humic Substances in the Global Environment and Implications on Human Health, ed. Senesi, N., and Miano, T.M., Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 1994, p. 361).
  • Iron is known to form a rombic complex with humus materials as a consequence of composting taking place in peat during stack storage whereby the temperature is increased to nearly 70°C.
  • Metal ions in the iron and manganese groups have also been found to interact with free radicals of humus materials (Pohjola, P., The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Method for Characterization of Finnish Peat Types and Iron(ILI) Complexes in the Process of Peat Decomposition, University of Jyvaskyla 1991, Research Report number 37).
  • chromatographic tests it has been found by chromatographic tests that when iron forms a complex with fenolic acids comprising free hydroxyl groups, its mobility in the system increases considerably (Hadzja et al. 1987).
  • thermophilic Bacillus species known as efficient protein degraders are able to function at full efficiency only when the temperature reaches at least 55°C.
  • Ammonium compounds, alkali metal and alkali earth metal compounds, phosphate and carbonate compounds buffer the compost system and especially the system's own ammonif ⁇ cation raises quickly the pH value.
  • a temperature of thermophilic level even 70°C
  • biochemical and chemical reactions quicken, degradation of waste material is accelerated and humus synthesis starts, hi initial stages of the composting process the energy of the system is at its greatest and thereby also the degradation of the problematic macromolecules is most vigorous, as has been established in relation to cellulase activity (Paatero 1984).
  • Microbes need in a compost sulfur compounds in order to synthesize sulfur containing amino acids (cystine, cysteine, methionine). Additionally the redox- reactions of sulfur compounds have an effect on the microbial population.
  • the humification of organic matter taking place in nature has been studied a lot starting already at the beginning of the 20th century and the substantial effect of mineral matter on the process has been established (Scnitzer ja Khan, Humic Substances in the Environment, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1972).
  • iron, manganese and cobalt are known enzyme activators needed by microbes of which certainly only small amounts are needed, but eg. in fermentors their supply is often assured by adding trace substances in order to optimize growth.
  • a compost accelerator or catalyst that indisputably works has so far not been developed.
  • the preparations are either nitrogen or phosphorus containing nutritional additives, garden waste degrading cellulase enzymes or other enzyme preparations, ground bone powders or manure-based microbe inoculations.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide disposal an efficient compost accelerator mixture, with the aid of which a better quality compost matter may be obtained more efficiently and more advantageously than before.
  • the capacity of composting plants may be raised and the products meet guarantee values set by authorities and customers of the plants. This has been accomplished as has been presented in characterizing part of appended claim 1.
  • the purpose is to by-pass the pH value threshold slowing down the composting process, to start quickly the microbes' own amino acid and protein synthesis with the aid of the bioaccelerator, to accelerate reaction rate at higher temperatures (55-75°C) favored by the thermophilic Bacillus species, to destroy harmful radical compounds forming in the reaction as well as to steer smell producing nitrogen and sulfur compounds to metabolize in microbial action and adhere to humus polymer.
  • the synthesis of humus matter produced from macromolecules remaining from microbial degradation and from dead microbe mass is accelerated with the aid of electrolytes and surface catalysts.
  • the invention is based on the finding that in the formation of humus matter in soil the metal ions of the soil are of pronounced importance in the degradation process of oxygen and nitrogen containing organic matter, in the synthesis of humus and in the stability of structure.
  • interaction of manganese ions with amino acids is well known.
  • Metal ions react eagerly with radical compounds present as intermediate products of the composting process and, additionally, the mobility and solubility of metal ions in the water phase and their role in the functioning of nutrient carrying molecules as well as their effect on redox potential is of importance to the progress of the composting process.
  • the mixture of accelerating substances according to the invention is based on the interaction of sodium gluconate, of the bivalent iron ion, of the manganese ion and of the ammonium ion found beneficial.
  • Sodium gluconate may be obtained eg. from the permeate solution of the glucose oxidase process, it being the main component thereof.
  • one or more electrolyte ions such as sulfate ions, SO 4 ⁇ ⁇ are added to the inventive mixture of accelerating substances. Even adding cobalt ions may be beneficial.
  • soil matter with lamellar structure to act as surface catalyst, such as clay, zeolite or kaolin or the like, as well as dolomite chalk and ashes to buffer changes in the pH value.
  • surface catalyst such as clay, zeolite or kaolin or the like
  • dolomite chalk and ashes to buffer changes in the pH value.
  • Iron, manganese and ammonium salts (sulfate) solubilized in water and blended with sodium gluconate solution preferably form the liquid part of the compost accelerator the remainder of components forming the solid part of the accelerator mixture.
  • a major part of manganese ions may be added even to the solid part of the mixture.
  • the accelerator mixture in the accelerator mixture according to the invention about 20-80%, preferably about 60% of sodium gluconate, about 0.2-1%, preferably about 0.7% of bivalent iron ions, about 0.1-0.5%, preferably about 0.3% of bivalent manganese ions and about 0.2-0.8%, preferably about 0.45% of ammonium ions as sulfate salts and about 20-80%, preferably about 40% of water based on the total weight of the liquid part of the accelerator mixture may be used as the liquid part.
  • this accelerator mixture is used at about 0.2-5%, preferably at about 2% of the total volume of the compost and at about 0.5-8%, preferably at about 5% based on total mass of biowaste.
  • sulfate ions may be added to the liquid part of the accelerator mixture.
  • sulfate ions there may be about 1-3%, preferably about 1.8% of the total weight of the liquid part of the accelerator mixture.
  • the accelerator mixture according to the present invention comprises further preferably a powder-like solid part that acts as a surface catalyst and as a complementary blend component.
  • dry ground soil matter such as clay matter, zeolite or kaolin or the like is used as a surface catalyst at about 50-80 %, preferably at about 70 %.
  • the solid part may contain one or more inorganic components, such as dolomite chalk, ashes or inorganic ions, such as manganese ions Mn 2+ , zinc ions Zn 2+ , ammonium ions NH 4 + , sulfate ions SO 4 2' , copper ions Cu 2+ or cobalt ions Co ⁇ + including mixtures thereof.
  • the solid part may contain eg. about 5-15%, preferably about 10% of manganese sulfate (containing 01/32588
  • Mn Mn
  • a surface catalyst powder is used at about 0.3-0.6%, preferably at about 0.5% of the total mass of biowaste and at about 0.1-0.5%, preferably at about 0.2% based on the total volume of the compost.
  • the physical structure of the powder is important in relation to its spreadability.
  • Sodium gluconate solution and the bivalent metal ions are combined before adding to the compost.
  • the surface catalyst powder is added to the compost.
  • Gluconate is reduced via gluconic acid to glucose.
  • As compost blend component we recommend the use of peat (1 : 1), or at composting plants, of chips or bark and peat (1 : 1 :0.5).
  • Functioning of the accelerator requires an efficient aeration and removal of humidity and gaseous reaction products.
  • the compost accelerator mixture offers to microbes starting materials (glucose, ammonia, sulfur), enzyme activators, electrolytes and buffering agents.
  • the heat period of the composting process was 10-14 days, after 3 days the pH value exceeded the value of 5 and in the Rottegrad-test the compost gave class IN (NAPO) and a preliminary germination experiment (cress test) gave 35 fold growth mass compared to the crop of a traditional compost used in comparison.
  • the compost mixture was placed in an efficiently aerated, special made composter, where exchange of gases occurs spontaneously.
  • the compost needs no mixing.
  • the inventive accelerator was tested even in a mechanically aerated tunnel composting plant (Vapo Oy Biotech/Mustankorkea Oy Jyyaskyla).
  • the waste was crushed and blended with the blend component (chips and peat) and the accelerator was sprayed from a truck and the powdered part was spread with a spade in the compost mixture flowing under the bucket.
  • the fill capacity of the tunnel was 200 m .
  • the accelerator according to the invention functions even with dosages scaled down to half, whereby the heat period is even shortened, but the stability of the final product suffers. Too great, amounts lengthen the maturing time and the heat period is more pronounced.
  • An accelerative effect may be accomplished also by using the powdered component only, but hereby the role of molds as degraders in the compost is considerably reduced and the temperature remains at a level of about 10°C less than when using gluconate. The end product is more moist and less stable.
  • Analyzing the efficiency of the composting process is not yet very far developed or standardized. Usually, the evaluation of the success of the composting process is based on sensory evaluation. The most revealing faults are smell, non-degraded waste, coarse structure and lack of soil-like character. Of the measurable parameters may be mentioned the pH value which reflects rather well the progress of the process and which in a stable compost should be over 6 (it being often over 7), conductivity and the Rottegrad test. In the context of the present invention a follow- up method for colored water soluble humus compounds forming in the compost was developed, the method being based on spectrophotometrical measurements in the short-wave VIS and UV regions (humus index).
  • Example 1 A mixture which comprised 40 kg of biowaste, 10 kg of chips and 10 kg of compost peat was composted as follows:
  • An accelerator solution was prepared by dissolving 200 g of ammonium ferrosulfate (NH 4 )Fe(SO 4 )2x6H 2 O and 30 g of MnSO 4 xH 2 O in two liters of water and then adding to the solution after the salt had dissolved therein 1,5 dm 3 sodium gluconate solution (Genencor Int. Jamsankoski, permeate solution). The solution was vigorously mixed.
  • ground clay was blended about 20 g of manganese sulfate, about 30 g of dolomite chalk, about 10 g of ashes and 0.05 g of cobalt sulfate.
  • a layer of peat (about 10 1) was furnished and above it, biowaste (about 15 1) that was chopped with a sharp-pointed spade.
  • biowaste about 15 1
  • About 0.5 dl clay/sulfate powder were scattered as an even layer on the peat biowaste mixture and from a small watering can about 1 liter of the accelerator liquid prepared above was poured on the biowaste. After this, about 5 liters of chips were added and the mixture was mixed with a spade. These proceedings were repeated until all biowaste had been blended with the ingredients of the mixture.
  • the compost mixture was placed in an efficiently aerated, specially made small scale composter where air acquisition and removal on gases were efficiently arranged.
  • the compost was not mixed.
  • the temperature of the compost had increased in three days to 68°C and a plentiful white microbial growth appeared in the compost that vanished in two weeks by decomposing as humus matter. In two weeks the biowaste had been fully converted into homogenous humus.
  • Table below there is presented values measured for the compost mixture in connection with fill-up and emptying.
  • a compost charge supplemented with the compost accelerator was prepared as in example 1 except that as mixture ingredient only peat was used.
  • a compost blend of the same kind of biowaste and peat was used.
  • the compost charges were placed in like efficiently aerated composters where there was a spontaneous intensified aeration and removal of gases.
  • the composts were not mixed.
  • the temperature curves obtained for the composts are presented in Fig. 1.
  • the comparative compost (series 1) reaches at its highest a temperature of about 40°C in about 7-8 days from the beginning of composting.
  • the compost treated with the compost accelerator mixture according to the invention (series 2) in turn reaches even a temperature of about 70°C already in 6-7 days from the beginning of composting.
  • the factor hindering the temperature from rizing in the comparative compost is, in this case, an acidity problem typical of biowaste composts (pH 4) that stops the microbe succession and hinders protein degradation.
  • a test sample was separated from the blended batch, and thereto was added 500 ml of the accelerator mixture that contained 25 g of ammonium ferrosulface (technicum), 5 g of manganese sulfate, 300 ml of water and 200 ml of sodium gluconate permeate from Genencor Int. (NaG about 70%). Additionally, 2 dl of ground clay was added to the compost. The clay was former lake bottom sediment from the Paijanne lake that contained lots of iron (about 70 g/kg) and manganese (about 0.7 g/kg) as well as some copper and cobalt among other things. The clay was scattered layer by layer in the compost mixture and the accelerator solution was poured thereon. Composter 2 (series 2):
  • the batch was treated as above, but the accelerator mixture contained 20 g of ferrosulfate from Kernira Oy (containing as impurities 0.3% of Mg, 0.1% of Mn), 10 g of ammonium sulfate, 10 g of manganese sulfate and 200 ml of sodium gluconate permeate. Iron and ammonium salts were dissolved in 300 ml of water, but here the manganese salt was mixed with solid clay and a double amount thereof was used compared to the above.
  • the accelerator mixture contained 20 g of ferrosulfate from Kernira Oy (containing as impurities 0.3% of Mg, 0.1% of Mn), 10 g of ammonium sulfate, 10 g of manganese sulfate and 200 ml of sodium gluconate permeate. Iron and ammonium salts were dissolved in 300 ml of water, but here the manganese salt was mixed with solid clay and a double amount thereof was used compared to the
  • a comparative sample of biowaste and peat to which were added 500 ml of water.
  • the temperature of the composters was momtored with 12 hour intervals and samples for analysis were taken during the thermophilic phase every 12 hours and then more seldom until 33 days had passed. Of the samples were measured pH, conductivity, absorbance (400 nm) of the microfiltered water extract, water soluble iron and manganese after centrifugation, iron and manganese in the microfiltrate as well as from some samples ammomum nitrogen liberated with direct water vapor destination (Kjeldal).
  • Fig. 2 there are described the changes of temperature during the composting process.
  • the temperature of the comparative sample (series 3) remains somewhat lower than that of the sample treated with the accelerator mixture according to the invention.
  • composter 1 there could be recognized a steeper increase in temperature than in others, a temperature apex that was larger and a decrease that was slower.
  • this composter there could be seen even a stronger mold growth than in others and a faster drying-out of the compost.
  • the temperature dropped to ambient temperatures in 8 days.
  • Fig. 6 there are described the changes in the pH value during the composting process.
  • the initial pH was in all samples somewhat over four.
  • the pH had risen in one day and in others in one day and a half to five.
  • the pH rises in two composters (1 and 3) to a value near six.
  • This time, accumulation of acidic reaction products did not stop the rise of temperature in the comparative compost, as was the case in example 2.
  • Slight changing of pH values is related to the redox reactions that are most clearly illustrated in the solubility curves of iron and manganese. pH effects the evaporation of ammonia that takes place in basic conditions.
  • the bivalent iron is in dissolved form and that in composts 1 and 2 to which iron has been added the amount of water dissolved iron is at the initial stage naturally high, being almost 20 fold compared to the comparative sample.
  • the iron added is bound to the compost humus because in the end product differences in dissolved iron in relation to the comparative sample have been equalized.
  • the iron content in comparative compost 3 has its origins in the biowaste, and the amount of water soluble iron in the end product does not essentially differ from composts to which iron has been added.
  • Ammomum compounds and any other nitrogen compounds that might have been liberated in the alkaline conditions of the water vapor destination were determined directly from samples taken from the compost. Samples were taken initially as well as after 5, 6, 20, 28 and 35 days. Nitrogen contents have been presented in Fig. 5. initially the nitrogen content is almost double compared to that of the comparative sample, but the order is changed immediately at the temperature apex whereby the production of ammonia has accelerated and ammonia is vaporized in the air. In the composts treated with the accelerator mixture according to the invention the amount of ammonium nitrogen is clearly less than in the comparative compost. Later the difference is reduced as total amounts increase, but the amount of ammonium nitrogen of the comparative compost stays always higher than that of the others. From the point of view of the ammonia discharges that cause problems related to smell the difference is significant.
  • the conductivity reflects the amount of soluble charged particles. In a strong compost the conductivity is generally about ten fold compared to soil products. Soluble alkali metals and alkali earth metals have the most pronounced effect on the conductivity.
  • Fig. 8 there is described the change in absorbance as the composting process goes further.
  • the readings are of the same order of magnitude until 36 hours have passed whereby differences start to show.
  • the largest increase is seen with the comparative compost, the increasing of values continuing, except for slight zigzagging, during the entire temperature phase of the composting process.
  • With the compost 1 the curve turns downwards in the decrease phase of the temperature whereby the solubility of iron has its minimum.
  • the absorbance readings of the compost 2 stay at a lower level compared to the others, and there are no major changes in the color of the filtrate during the entire process despite the fact that the composting proceeds efficiently.
  • Example 4 The effect of soil matter on the composting process was investigated. Three special- made test composters of the volume of 12 dm 3 were charged. The composting process was conducted in the temperature of about 20°C. As compostable material served household waste. As blend component peat was used in volume ratio 1: 1. Larger bodies were crushed with a spade.
  • the accelerator mixture contained 20 g of ferrosulfate from Kemira Oy (contained as impurities 0.3% of Mg, 0.1% of Mn), 10 g of ammonium sulfate, 10 g of manganese sulfate and 200 ml of sodium gluconate permeate.
  • the iron, ammonium and manganese salts were first dissolved in 300 ml of water.
  • 100 g of clay powder that contained 70% of clay, 10% of manganese sulfate, 10% of dolomite chalk, 5% of ashes and 0,.2% of cobalt sulfate based on the total weight of the powder were added to the composting mixture.
  • Composter 2 (series 2)
  • the accelerator mixture solution contained 20 g of ferrosulfate from Kemira Oy (contained as impurities 0.3% of Mg, 0.1% of Mn), 10 g of ammomum sulfate, 10 g of manganese sulfate and 200 ml of sodium gluconate permeate.
  • dolomite chalk and ashes as a carrier of compounds is important regarding the spreadability of substances and it has even some what of an impact on the compost's physical structure as a fluffiness increasing factor.
  • the degrading microbe population, the compost temperatures and its pH conditions may be affected.
  • a compost accelerator mixture according to the invention was tested in whole-scale tests in a tunnel composting plant designed by Napo Oy (Wastech, Mustankorkea Oy, Jyvaskyla).
  • the plant comprises five tunnels of 200 m 3 each, where the air is blown from the bottom up into the 2 meter high compost layer.
  • Compost 1 was prepared as follows. To the biowaste were blended with a wheel loader blend components; chips and peat in volume ratio of 1: 1:0.5. The mixture was crushed with an Allu bucket (Ideachip Oy). To the compost ⁇ aining from the bucket about 5 000 dm 3 of the inventive compost accelerator mixture's liquid component was sprayed, from a truck, that contained 3 000 dm 3 of sodium gluconate permeate, 280 kg of ferrosulfate (20% Fe), 120 kg of ammomum sulfate (27% ⁇ FLt) and 100 kg of manganese sulfate (32% Mn) dissolved in 2 000 dm 3 of water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
EP00976090A 1999-11-04 2000-11-03 Mischung zur beschleunigung der kompostierung Expired - Lifetime EP1252124B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI992385 1999-11-04
FI992385A FI106954B (fi) 1999-11-04 1999-11-04 Kompostikiihdytinseos
PCT/FI2000/000961 WO2001032588A1 (en) 1999-11-04 2000-11-03 Compost accelerator mixture

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1252124A1 true EP1252124A1 (de) 2002-10-30
EP1252124B1 EP1252124B1 (de) 2004-03-31

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EP (1) EP1252124B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE263129T1 (de)
AU (1) AU1398201A (de)
DE (1) DE60009563T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1252124T3 (de)
EE (1) EE05154B1 (de)
FI (1) FI106954B (de)
WO (1) WO2001032588A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013079805A1 (en) 2011-12-02 2013-06-06 Pekka Pohjola Composition for soaking up and biodegradation of oil and organic chemicals

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FI113165B (fi) * 2001-05-23 2004-03-15 Pekka Pohjola Kompostori orgaanisen jätteen käsittelemiseksi
US6877275B2 (en) * 2002-02-19 2005-04-12 Engelhard Corporation Method of weed control
EP2139827A1 (de) * 2007-04-13 2010-01-06 Tecnoimpianti SRL Anlage und verfahren für die umwandlung von organischem material
FI20070298A0 (fi) * 2007-04-17 2007-04-17 Pekka Pohjola Aerobisen biohajoamisen kiihdytin
AU2011292103B2 (en) 2010-08-18 2014-08-14 Jane A. Hoxsey Mineral-releasing compost and method of using the same for soil remediation
DE102012020266A1 (de) 2012-10-17 2014-04-17 Philipp Dimitriou Dezentrales Verfahren zur Behandlung von Haushaltsabwässern und Bioabfällen.
RU2533431C1 (ru) * 2013-04-16 2014-11-20 Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт электрификации сельского хозяйства Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук (ГНУ ВИЭСХ Россельхозакадемии) Способ переработки бесподстилочного навоза в удобрения, электрическую и тепловую энергию и биоэнергетическая установка для его реализации

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EP0721440A4 (de) * 1993-09-28 1998-03-04 Env & Resource Tech Holdings Zusammensetzung und herstellung von pflanzenwachstumsmitteln aus grünen organischen abfälle
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013079805A1 (en) 2011-12-02 2013-06-06 Pekka Pohjola Composition for soaking up and biodegradation of oil and organic chemicals

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WO2001032588A1 (en) 2001-05-10
AU1398201A (en) 2001-05-14
EE200200236A (et) 2003-06-16
EE05154B1 (et) 2009-04-15
DE60009563D1 (de) 2004-05-06
DK1252124T3 (da) 2004-07-12
EP1252124B1 (de) 2004-03-31
FI106954B (fi) 2001-05-15
DE60009563T2 (de) 2005-02-24
ATE263129T1 (de) 2004-04-15

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